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Attraction to sexually mature males and the immobilization response were evaluated after postpubertal estrogen treatment of ovariectomized females and of males castrated within 48 hr after birth or at 4 or 8 months of age. The time spent in the end of an evaluation pen which housed a mature intact male, the proportion of animals that showed the immobilization response, and the latency to onset and the duration of this response were similar in ovariectomized females and males castrated within 48 hr after birth. These two groups spent more time in the male end of the evaluation pen as opposed to the opposite end which housed an ovariectomized female, showed a shorter latency to the onset of the immobilization response, and expressed this response for a greater number of days than males castrated either at 4 or 8 months of age. Males castrated at 4 or 8 months did not show a strong preference for either a mature male or an ovariectomized female. The immobilization response in estrogen-treated males castrated at 4 or 8 months of age diminished as these animals became older. On the basis of the observations made in this study, attraction to a mature, intact male is a sexually dimorphic behavioral trait in pigs, and defeminization of this trait in male pigs is associated with the pubertal increase in testicular steroid secretion. Presently, pigs are the only mammalian species in which a role has been identified for pubertal, testicular steroid secretion in the defeminization process.

How do male homosexuals who choose homosexuality as a way of life recall having acquired their gay identities? This question provided the impetus for the descriptive study presented here. Rather than concerning itself with the etiology of homosexuality, this report-- a synthesis of and elaboration on recent investigations of homosexual and/or gay identity--concerns itself with documenting the ways in which a man learns that he is homosexual, how he realizes or decides that he is gay, and how he integrates this affectional and sexual preference into his identity or self-conception.

This study related components of gender inappropriateness that isolate target persons form sources of reward and hence functions as social controls against such deviance. The study confirmed that a significant portion of negative responsiveness toward homosexuals results form the belief that their behavior in incongruent with their anatomical sex. Further, is was found that people are tolerant of out-of-sex-role characteristics when such traits are irrelevant to effective functioning in the situation, as long as the target does not display additional gender functioning in the situations, as long as the target does not display additional gender incongruence, namely, homosexuality. The result did not support the hypothesis that negative reactions to gender incongruence occur as a function of personal threat to one's sexual identity.

Fruit fly Drosophila pseudoobscura virgin AR females mate preferentially with AR males when given a choice between AR and or males. However, AR females which mated with or males when young show a significant change in sexual selection in favor of or over AR males in subsequent simultaneous choice tests. Ingestion of food moistened with 4 ml cycloheximide (400 μg/ml) produces 75% protein synthesis inhibition in the female flies. Females exposed to cycloheximide (CXM) immediately after their initial copulation with or males resemble virgin flies in their choice of mates, and mate preferentially with AR males. Females exposed to CXM before their initial copulatory experience with or males resemble or-experienced but untreated (no CXM) flies in their choice of mates, and mate preferentially with or males. The change in sexual preference shown by females with prior copulatory experience resembles learning in that it is subject to disruption by CXM in ways analogous to those reported in the literature.

Study of three new Russian youth journals clearly charts shifts in the understanding of gender differences in Russian youth culture at the end of the 1990s. There exists a clear trend regarding the exploitation of the idea of a ‘new gender revolution’, including the fragmentation of the search for sexual identity, specific issues surround individual sexual preference encountered in the post‐Soviet moral climate, and the dominant role of the media in the formation of sexual discourses. It is clear that sexuality is a key lever of power in contemporary Russian society and as such a key site of struggle for the youth audience. In this sense Russian youth magazines work at a similar level to those in the West. In contrast to the West, however, non‐traditional sexualities are employed in Russian youth magazines as a challenge to the youth audience and in a way which links sexuality to wider philosophical and ideological quests.

Seasonality among animals has an important function in breeding cycles. Research focusing on conception and coital activity in humans has called attention to the possible existence of circannual rhythms in human sexual activity. We studied the diurnal variations, seasonality and subjective sexual preference among young women in Israel-focusing on their first intercourse. The survey included 135 college students who completed a self-report questionnaire. Half of the subjects (50%) reported loss of virginity during the summer with an almost equal distribution among the other seasons. Over 85% of the subjects had their first intercourse either in the evening or at night. Subjective sexual – seasonal – preference was reported by 44.4% of the subjects but no correlation was found between the preferred season and actual loss of virginity; except for the autumn “preferers”. Our study supports previous research generalizing the sociological explanation for seasonality of the first intercourse.

We study the intersection of international migration and sexual preference from a socio-demographic perspective by looking at same-sex couples among migrants in Germany. Despite increasing ethnic diversity and greater social and legal liberality toward non-normative living arrangements, there are hardly any available quantitative data on this vulnerable group, which crosses two social boundaries. Drawing on the scientific-use file of the German Microcensus (2013), we estimate the prevalence of same-sex couples among female and male migrants, and describe their socio-demographic characteristics. We use different approaches to imputing data to account for the possibility that the reported information on same-sex relationships may be missing or wrong, and consider different definitions of “migrant status”. Our results show that the share of couples who were same-sex was smaller among the immigrant (0.2 to 1.4%) than among the native population (0.6 to 2.0%). Moreover, migrants in a same-sex couple were more similar in terms of other socio-demographic variables (age, education) to natives in a same-sex union than to migrants in an opposite-sex union. This study contributes to the LGBT social science literature by providing the first quantitative description of this minority-in-a minority group in Germany.

Objectives: To examine physiological influences of adolescent sexual behaviour, including associated psychosocial factors. Methods: Systematic review. Results: Thirteen studies met the inclusion criteria relating to adolescents, physiology and sexual behaviour. We excluded studies relating to abnormal development. Findings highlighted hormonal and gender differences. Females appear to be more influenced by psychosocial aspects, including the effects of peers, than males. Males may be more inclined to engage in unprotected sex with a greater number of partners. Early maturing adolescents are more likely to be sexually active at an early age. Conclusions: Hormonal, psychosocial context, and sexual preference need to be acknowledged in intervention development. Stage of readiness to receive information may differ according to gender and physiological maturity.

Of 978 respondents to an anonymous questionnaire targeted to reach homosexuals in Boston during October 1984, 88 (9 per cent) reported recent blood donation. When compared to non-recent donors, high-risk respondents who were recent blood donors were younger, less open about their sexual preference, and more likely to obtain their information about AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) from television and newspapers. These results suggest that particular subgroups of the population at risk for AIDS would benefit from expanded educational programs.

A total of 10 females was tested for tendencies to repeat choices of the same four males during tests with copulation. The females were tested on three daily trials once a week for three weeks. The results indicated that the Long-Evans females repeated choices of males slightly in the last trial each day but chose randomly from week to week. The Sprague-Dawley females showed a marked tendency to return to the same males in the last week but chose males randomly when only the trials were considered.

What is a human life worth? Is each human life worth the same as every other? Or does the worth of a human life depend on the following: What country, state, county, or city a person lives in? The color of a person's skin, the language spoken, the person's age, gender, or sexual preference? Whether the person: Has an IQ of 150 or less than 50? Is a heart surgeon or a jaundiced newborn? Is a concert violinist or a victim of trisomy 21? Is a star professional quarterback or a quadriplegic? Is a millionaire or is on welfare? Is a mother of five young children or is a convicted rapist? Is a practicing psychologist or an institutionalized schizophrenic? Is a social worker or an active street heroin addict? Is a celebrated ethicist or a functional illiterate? Is primarily productive or primarily consumptive? These questions are being asked and choices

Your patient's first trimester exposure to a drug associated with a fourfold increase in the incidence of cleft palate leads her to request an abortion, although the actual risk is very small and the condition can be corrected. Another patient has just announced her engagement to a man you have certified as homosexual for draft exemption purposes, and you are quite sure she isn't aware of his sexual preference. A "premed" student preparing for the MCAT approaches you with some persuasive arguments that the small doses of amphetamines he is asking for, to enhance his examination performance, won't hurt him or you. There is the patient whose motor vehicle accident, you are almost certain, was self-inflicted. Now he needs lifesaving surgery but calmly and apparently rationally refuses to consent. Or, as a resident you may be torn by your awareness that your program's unusually tough work schedule is hurting both

One focus of contemporary feminist criticism is on the relationship between the system of representation and issues of gender and sexuality. Feminist critics argue that the nature of representation is altered by the gender of performers and spectators, as well as by their sexual preference. Both gender and sexuality bring the dynamic of desire into play, informing the narrative's structure, the production's "look,"' and the relationship between spectator and spectacle.'

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of postweaning exposure to females on the subsequent sexual performance of young rams. Twenty-five crossbred rams were reared in a group with ovariectomized females from 4.5 to 9 mo of age. Ewes were brought into estrus every 2 wk during this period. A companion group of 23 crossbred rams was not exposed to females following weaning. Four 30-min sexual performance tests were administered at 10 mo of age. Rams reared with males and females (RMF) exhibited more mounts (P less than .001) and more ejaculations (P less than .002) than rams reared only with males (RM). The frequency of successful matings by the latter group did not increase with experience. Nine rams were sexually inactive in the sexual performance tests. Follow-up tests revealed that two of the RMF rams and one RM ram developed and maintained a sexual preference for males. The six remaining rams eventually mated with females when tested in familiar pens and subsequently exhibited normal levels of sexual performance even when tested in an unfamiliar enclosure. Exposure to ewes during the postweaning prepubertal period enhanced sexual performance. However, early exposure to females did not ensure that all males developed sexual preferences for females. The environmental context in which sexual performance tests are administered may inhibit the expression of heterosexual behavior in a small percentage of animals. After heterosexual behavior was expressed, the rams continued to show normal levels of sexual performance.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Sexual liberation means not merely a social cornucopia of pleasure. Nor does it just refer to each person's capacity and right to act on erotic and sexual preference. In the end, sexual liberation is about potentiating all of social life, such that human experience will be limited only by the limits of desire. A primary medium, and shaper, of desire is sexuality, and sexuality is organized by gender. By cramping human possibility into two genders, the patriarchal sex/gender system turns the variety intrinsic to sexuality into social and psychological chaos. The dissolution of this dual-gender system therefore belongs to the ending of domination, but it is as much an unsettling as an exciting prospect. For it means changing domestic arrangements, intimacy, and the experience of selfhood, and therefore altering the ground on which we stand, the ground which has supported us during all our other struggles. The social and psychological integration that gender provides must therefore be replaced, perhaps by commitment to collective struggle for a decent society.

Homosexual men may be deterred from seeking an examination for sexually transmitted diseases because it would require an open admission of sexual preference. For these diseases to be controlled, gay men must be motivated to be examined for sexually transmitted diseases. If a medical or health professional feels unable to respond to a gay patient's needs, he should refer the patient to someone who deals well with gay patients. Health care services must be offered in a way that minimizes the anxiety many homosexuals associate with examination and treatment for sexually transmitted diseases. ( JAMA 238:2046-2047, 1977)

To the Editor.— Suggestions for practicing "prophylactic law" to protect the health care industry from acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-related liability were presented by Miller et al 1 in the June 21 issue ofThe Journal. Their comments specifically address potential liabilities related to transfusion-associated AIDS and dealt exclusively with legal ramifications of current policy without considering ethical, social, and medical factors. As professionals and institutions responsible for providing blood to the American people, we are deeply concerned about certain recommendations made by Miller et al, which we believe are erroneous and misleading. Miller et al imply that blood collection agencies are remiss in not directly questioning donors about their sexual preference as a method for identifying asymptomatic individuals capable of transmitting AIDS. In fact, donor information materials handed to every volunteer donor state that males who have had sex with more than one male since 1979, or whose male partner

To the Editor.— We support the general philosophy of disease control that Dr Felman espoused in his recent article calling for the abolition of mandatory premarital syphilis screening. He advocates screening of high-risk groups and prenatal screening to prevent congenital syphilis. While we agree that screening for syphilis in low-risk groups should not be advocated, we strongly believe that premarital screening should not necessarily be universally abandoned. Arbitrary decisions to maintain or abolish premarital screening make little sense. The decision to screen must rest on local epidemiologic circumstances rather than data from New York City or even national data. Several factors must be considered when deciding whether or not to screen: Local law and practice with respect to premarital syphilis testing. The geographic clustering of syphilis in a community. The distribution of syphilis cases by sexual preference (though almost one half of the infectious syphilis in 1976