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Based on analysing the relationship between the possible number of intermolecular O–H···N hydrogen bonds and the stoichiometric ratio, a 1:1 C 15 H 10 O 5 ·C 10 H 8 N 2 (genistein–4,4′-bipyridine) cocrystal has been prepared by solution evaporation and characterized. This work successfully demonstrates that the stoichiometric ratio could be inferred by analysing the possible number of intermolecular hydrogen bonds between flavonoids and amines. The strategy provides a facile route for rational designing cocrystal of flavonoids with amines. Additionally, the title cocrystal shows advantages in terms of solubility and antibacterial properties in comparison to pure genistein. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study tested the effect of weapon picture viewing on aggression among children by employing Semantic Categorization task. A total sample of 288 fourth- and fifth-graders from 4 elementary schools participated in this study. Results showed that children who viewed weapon pictures exhibited high levels of aggression, whereas children who viewed non-weapon pictures displayed low levels of aggression. Specifically, boys, but not girls, manifested significant high levels of aggression after viewing weapon pictures. Additionally, viewers with high-aggressiveness (HA), but not with moderate-aggressiveness (MA) and low-aggressiveness (LA), yielded high levels of aggression after viewing weapon pictures. These findings indicated that weapon pictures (situational variables), gender and aggressive trait (individual variables) were responsible for changing levels of subsequent aggression among children. Limitations and implications of these findings are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to further explore the role of Charge-assisted hydrogen bonds (CAHBs) recognition in the formation of tetrahydroberberine (THB) pharmaceutical salt/cocrystal, based on the analysis of the molecular interactions in forming unit pharmaceutical salts/cocrystal of THB and sulfophenyl acids, we speculate that hydroxyl group of sulfamic acid (SA) may cocrystallize with N atom on the quinoline ring of THB via CAHBs. Consequently, an unreported pharmaceutical salt (C 20 H 22 NO 4 ·NH 2 SO 3 , THB-SA) of the THB was designed and synthesized. The THB-SA was characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction, XRPD and TG methods. As expected, structure analysis of the THB-SA revealed that the THB molecule binds to the SA molecule precisely through CAHBs (N+-H···O−) between the N atom on the quinoline ring and sulfonic acid group of SA in asymmetric unit of THB-SA. This successfully implemented work implies that in the preparation of THB pharmaceutical salts/cocrystals, cocrystal formers (CCFs) that can form CAHBs with THB should be selected, which will provide a facilitate way to prepare THB pharmaceutical salts/cocrystals. Image 1 • The successful preparation of THB-SA pharmaceutical salt has been verified that the formation mechanism of CAHBs in tetrahydroberberine and sulfamic acid is basically consistent with the formation mechanism of CAHBs in tetrahydroberberine and organic acids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: There issome research on school climate impact on adolescent alcohol use in the Western social context; however, there is no research on school climate impact on adolescent alcohol use in China. This study aimed to explore the effect of school climate on Chinese adolescents' alcohol use, and the moderating role of psychological suzhi between them. Methods : A total of 801 adolescents (45.8% boys, 14.96±1.66 years) completed self-reports on school climate, psychological suzhi, and alcohol use. Results: Moderation analyses revealed that both school climate and psychological suzhi significantly negatively predicted adolescents' alcohol use, and the interaction of school climate and psychological suzhi significantly positively predicted adolescents' alcohol use. Moreover, the effect of school climate on adolescents' alcohol use was stronger for low psychological suzhi adolescents than high psychological suzhi adolescents. Conclusions: We can build good school climate by formulating of national level legal and regulations and good social norms, and use mature interventions or cultivation strategies to improve adolescents' psychological suzhi in order to better play its role in protection., Competing Interests: The authors report no conflicts of interest in this work.

Objective: To explore the status and influencing factors on anxiety sensitivity among middle school students in Chongqing., Methods: 58 classes from 12 schools were randomly selected in four administrative districts of Chongqing city. A total number of 2700 students was included for final analysis including 48.5% from junior high school and 51.5% from senior high school students with 49.2% boys and 50.8% girls. The Chinese version of the Anxiety Sensitivity Index-Revision, Adolescent Self-Rating Life Events Check List (ASLEC) and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) were used., Results: (1) There was no significant difference between grade groups (P = 0.49). (2) The level of girl's anxiety sensitivity was always higher than boy's (P < 0.001). (3) Data from multiple linear regression showed that the influential factors to the degree of anxiety sensitivity were: state of anxiety, trait anxiety, life events, sex, stress from learning, etc (standard coefficients of regression were 0.258, 0.163, 0.112, 0.093, 0.124, -0.096, 0.096)., Conclusion: The major influential factors of anxiety sensitivity would include: sex, stress from learning, life events, interpersonal relationship, state of anxiety and trait anxiety.

Objective: To investigate the self-esteem level and social adaptation ability of hospitalized burn patients in our burn ward., Methods: One hundred and twenty hospitalized burn patients in our burn ward were enrolled in the study and evaluated according to their sex, severity of burn injury and education level. Their self-esteem level and social adaptation ability were scored with the Felling of Inadequacy Scale and Abbreviated Burn Specific Health Scale., Results: The general score of self-esteem of the patients with mild burns( 183+/-23) was obviously lower than that with moderate and severe burns (167+/-21 and 154 +/-24) , ( P <0.01). The self-esteem level of burn patients was different in different sex and education level. Among the self-esteem scores, male burn patients presented evidently higher scores of self evaluation, social ability, appearance, as well as the general score than those in the female ( P < 0.05). Moreover, the self evaluation score and study ability was higher in those with higher education level than those with lower education. Furthermore, the score of social adaptation ability was higher in the patients with mild burns than that in patients with moderate and severe burns ( P < 0. 01). The social adaptation ability and psychological function were much higher in male patients than those in female patients, but the former were weaker than the latter in regard to the body function. The psychological function, social relationship and general condition of the patients with lower education were better than those with higher education ( P <0. 05 )., Conclusion: There existed difference in the self-esteem and social adaptation ability in different burn patients during different periods.