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The binding of tumor necrosis factor-like cytokine 1A (TL1A) to death receptor 3 (DR3) plays an important role in the interaction between dendritic cells (DCs) and T cells and contributes to intestinal inflammation development. However, the mechanism by which DCs expressing TL1A mediate helper T (Th) cell differentiation in the intestinal lamina propria (LP) during the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease remains unclear. In this study, we found that TL1A/DR3 promoted Th1 and Th17 cell differentiation in T-T and DC-T cell interaction-dependent manners. TL1A-deficient CD4+ T cells failed to polarize into Th1/Th17 cells and did not cause colonic inflammation in a T cell transfer colitis model. Notably, TL1A was located in the cytoplasm and nuclei of DCs, positively regulated the DC-specific ICAM-grabbing nonintegrin/RAF1/nuclear factor κB signaling pathway, enhanced the antigen uptake ability of DCs, and promoted TLR4-mediated DC activation, inducing naive CD4+ T cell differentiation into Th1 and Th17 cells. Our work reveals that TL1A plays a regulatory role in inflammatory bowel disease pathogenesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Monitoring liver fibrosis progression by liver biopsy is important for certain treatment decisions, but repeated biopsy is invasive. We envision redefinition or elimination of liver biopsy with surface scanning of the liver with minimally invasive optical methods. This would be possible only if the information contained on or near liver surfaces accurately reflects the liver fibrosis progression in the liver interior. In our study, we acquired the second-harmonic generation and two-photon excitation fluorescence microscopy images of liver tissues from bile duct-ligated rat model of liver fibrosis. We extracted morphology-based features, such as total collagen, collagen in bile duct areas, bile duct proliferation, and areas occupied by remnant hepatocytes, and defined the capsule and subcapsular regions on the liver surface based on image analysis of features. We discovered a strong correlation between the liver fibrosis progression on the anterior surface and interior in both liver lobes, where biopsy is typically obtained. The posterior surface exhibits less correlation with the rest of the liver. Therefore, scanning the anterior liver surface would obtain similar information to that obtained from biopsy for monitoring liver fibrosis progression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The effect of atmospheric exposure corrosion on the fatigue properties of epoxy-coated aluminum alloys is studied. • A fatigue life probability model and C (corrosion)– S – N surface that considers the effect of corrosion are proposed and verified. • The effects of the atmospheric exposure time and stress intensity on the fatigue life and attenuation ratio of fatigue life are studied. The effect of atmospheric exposure corrosion on the fatigue properties of epoxy-coated aluminum alloys is studied using experimental atmospheric exposure data and some data presented in the literature. Based on a single-point model and the maximum likelihood method, a fatigue life probability model and C (corrosion)– S – N surface that considers the effect of corrosion are proposed and verified. This study finds that the epoxy coatings gradually lose their protective effect on the aluminum alloy substrates after four years of atmospheric exposure, and corrosion factors play a more pronounced role in the latter period of atmospheric exposure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The modification of epoxy primers with graphene can significantly improve their anticorrosion properties and reduce environmental pollution. In this study, the modified epoxy primers with different graphene contents were prepared and tested in a UVA acidic alternation immersion environment. The deterioration characteristics under different corrosion times were analyzed in terms of their microscopic morphology, electrochemical characteristics, and molecular structure. It was shown that graphene nanoplates can impede the penetration of corrosive media, promote the cathodic protection of fillers, and easily cross-link with amino radicals to improve the binding force at the interface. The coated surface of graphene nanoplates with a content of 1.0 wt% was flatter than those with a content of 0.5 wt% and 2.0 wt%. After corrosion, the roughness of the surfaces all increased significantly. Especially, the coatings with graphene contents of 0.5 wt% increased nearly three times. And the impedance improvement of the coatings with graphene contents of 0.5 wt% and 1.0 wt% is more significant, both reaching more than 6 × 1011 Ω·cm2. The most obvious corrosion inhibiting effect was the coatings with a graphene content of 1.0% wt. [Display omitted] • The graphene-modified epoxy primers were prepared. • The deterioration characteristics of GNP-EPs with different graphene contents were analyzed. • The anticorrosive mechanism of GNP-EPs was elucidated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]