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Sure I'm bitter: How would you like it if you'd been in the business for 16 years, reached the classification of senior engineer, then opened your mailbox one morning and found they were going to pay you less than the new graduate who lives down the block?

Under a warranty service contract, the manufacturer of a product agrees to repair and maintain the product over a certain stated period of time for a fee payment by the customer. When the warranty period is over, the user is responsible for any future repairs. The problems facing the user in this situation are the determination of the economic life of the product and the selection of the best warranty policy, given several optional warranties. This paper develops a simple stochastic model of product failures and the associated repair costs to obtain the economic life (of a warranted product) that minimizes the average total cost rate. The result is useful in evaluating warranty alternatives.

The results of maintenance service contracts with different manufacturers of x-ray equipment for a period of one year are presented and analyzed. The data concerning the maintenance service are discussed for three types of such services: (1) Service contract covering only repair. (2) Service contract covering preventive maintenance and repair. (3) On call service.© (1982) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.

Prepared for the National Marine Fisheries Service Contract NA-81-FA-C-00018 and for The Pew Memorial Trust, also for the Department of Commerce, NOAA Office of Sea Grant under NA-80AA-D-0077 (E/L-1) and the Institution's Marine Policy and Ocean Management Program.

The institutional framework within which a firm1 operates affects its profit calculus, and therefore the firm’s estimates of the viability of a petroleum project. This framework includes the laws, policies and regulations that affect the manner in which exploration activities are conducted, the share of the host country in the pro­duction, the process of production itself, as well as transportation or movement of the output within or away from the country (including policies on conservation and the environment). The framework also includes policies that affect the inflow and outflow of capital funds. In the past policies affecting a firm interested in exploring for and developing a host country’s resources were gen­erally embodied in many separate pieces of legislation, rules, and regulations. It has become the trend, however, to try to embody all such policies in one legislation or specify them in the contracts con­cluded between the parties.

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The personnel service contract supporting experimental measurements of the dT/dP in liquid metals and alloys of interest to theoretical physical property programs at LLL is summarized. NaK/sub 2/ measurements, and the adiabatic pressure derivative of temperature (dT/dP)s of lead up to 25 kbar and 500/sup 0/C are reported. (FS)

Technical personnel are increasingly being required to perform vital functions as proposal evaluators in the source selection process for which they have not been properly trained. This research effort provides a comprehensive system for source selection using price and other factors in a form aimed at the technical professionals that support field acquisition activities. All examples selected are from the general acquisition area of service contracting. The system consists of the basic consideration necessary for preparation of a procurement request, the basic elements of a source selection plan, selection of a technical evaluation panel, selection factors for service contractors, preparation of negotiation objectives, the actual conduct of evaluations and negotiations, and debriefing of unsuccessful offerors. http://archive.org/details/proposedsystemfo1094520654 Lieutenant Commander, United States Navy Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.

The review for 1975 presents information on petroleum developments in 30 countries and areas. Hydrocarbons were produced in 11 countries with total reported production of 1,308,847,000 bbl of oil and 1,056,076 MMcf of gas. Oil production decreased 15.7% from the 1974 level with Venezuela accounting for most of the volume decline by reducing production to 2,346,700 b/d. Since 1958 this was the first year that Venezuelan production dropped below one billion bbl. Ecuador's production declined by 9.1% to 160,911 b/d because of continued governmental restriction, a major pipeline break, and full storage terminals. Other countries also reported production declines with the exception of Trinidad and Barbados. Total wells drilled (1,557) decreased by 173 or 10% from the 1974 level with the sharpest decline in Venezuela (132) and Argentina (54). Brazil and Peru reported increases of 52 and 9 wells, respectively. Brazil reported 19 offshore and 23 onshore rigs and Argentina had 63 operating rigs. The number of exploratory wells completed (321) represents a 20.7% decrease from 1974 completions. However, Brazil, Peru, and Chile maintained their 1974 level of exploratory drilling. Successful exploratory completions decreased by 30.5%. Of the countries with major drilling programs Trinidad, Venezuela, Chile, and Argentina recorded the highest exploratory-well success ratios (64, 49, 30, and 28% respectively). Exploration-drilling results offshore Caribbean-Belize (1 well); Guatemala (1 well); Honduras (1 well); Nicaragua (2 wells); Costa Rica (1 well); and offshore Guiana basin, Guyana (3 wells); Surinam (1 well); and French Guiana (1 well) continued to be disappointing. However, Brazil reported 7 offshore and 2 onshore new-field discoveries; Peru and Colombia reported 2 and 3 new-field discoveries, respectively. Successful outposts were reported in Guatemala with Rubelsanto 2 and 3. Geologic and geophysical party-months of field work (1,030) registered a 10.4% decrease from 1974 reflecting 137.4 party-months (-19.9%) of surface geology, 835.0 party-months (-7.6%) of seismic, 41.8 party-months (-32.5%) of gravity, and 6.6 party-months (65%) of magnetometer surveys. "Other" exploration party-month activity (principally topographic and SLAR) registered a 70.2-party-month increase. Argentina and Brazil maintained their 1974 level of seismic activity with 264 and 116 party-months respectively. Bolivia increased surface geologic and seismic activity to 64 and 142 party-months. Brazil during 1975 decided to adapt a service-contract basis for allowing foreign companies to bid for 1 onshore and 9 offshore blocks. Chile also invited operation-contract bids for 7 areas, 3 offshore and 4 onshore. The end of the "concession era" occurred on December 31, 1975, in Venezuela. All areas under concession or service contract were nationalized by decree. The state will form 14 state-owned companies including CVP from concessions and assets of the 20 former concessionaires.

The system of legal agreements which binds host governments and oil companies as equally interested partners in the search for hydrocarbons is the product of the numerous contacts between the two. Although this work will concentrate solely on exploration and production contracts, there are many other aspects of the oil industry such as refining, distribution and petrochemicals which are equally important from a regulatory point of view.

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Based on an extensive field study of the practitioners in a large, prepaid service contract group practice, this paper discusses how a prepaid service contract and closed-panel practice brings a new dimension into doctorpatient relations and how physicians respond to it. Unable to manage "unreasonable" demands for service by use of a fee-barrier or encouragement to "go elsewhere," as in traditional, solo, fee-for-service practice, they were particularly upset by a new type of "demanding patient" who claimed services on the basis of contractual rights and threatened appeal to higher bureaucratic authority. Modes of dealing with such patients are briefly discussed.

espanolLa Ley de Contratos del Sector Publico 9/2017, de 8 de noviembre (LCSP), ha llevado a cabo una extension significativa del alcance del contrato de servicios, tanto por la supresion del anexo que enumeraba categorias especificas como por incluir servicios al publico y gestion de servicios publicos siempre que el riesgo operacional no sea transferido al contratista. En fin, ha perdido su nota principal, el caracter instrumental y, ademas, se ha convertido en una de las vias de gestion indirecta de los servicios publicos. Sin embargo, y a pesar de incluir ciertas reglas especiales a este respecto en el art. 312, el legislador no ofrece un regimen de servicio publico similar al previsto para las concesiones, lo que implica consecuencias practicas. EnglishPublic Sector Contract Law 9/2017 of November 8 (LCSP) has meant an important extension of the service contract, due to the suppression of the Annex that lists specific categories, and to the inclusion of services to citizens and management of public services provided that the operational risk is not transferred to the contractor. In short, this contract has lost its main key, the instrumental nature and also become one type of indirect management of public services. However, and despite including certain special rules in art. 312, the legislator does not offer a public service regime similar to that provided for concessions, which implies practical consequences.

Service contracting has been adopted in several industries especially for high value assets with long life time. Such a contract typically specifies asset usage information, availability or capability of the contracted assets required by customers, and the scope of services the manufacturers are obliged to support the assets. Consequently, such a contract imposes major risks to the manufacturers. This paper aims to explore approaches that be used to assist manufacturers to model service contracts in order to understand the risk and reward prior to committing a contract with customer. The work described in the paper involves the development of a simulation model from a case of the ship building industry. The use of the model in aiding contracting decisions is demonstrated through three experiments conducted at the case company. The outcomes have demonstrated the potential of the approaches in practice and contributed to the Product-Service Systems modelling paradigm.

Responses of Rocky Mountain National Park elk (Cervus canadensis) to human activities were quantified in autumn 1974 and winter-spring 1975. During autumn, numbers of elk seen, rates of bugling, times of arrival and departure of elk to and from meadows, and harem bulls' activities were analyzed for relationships with traffic volume and tourist activities. Results suggested small effects of traffic volume upon elk, but no trends were statistically significant. People approaching animals off roads usually caused elk to leave open areas. Harassing elk in 2 meadows on alternate weeks during winter and spring did not affect their distribution or observability on winter ranges. Elk made greater use of areas near roads as the winter-spring study progressed, suggesting slight avoidance of roads when forage was more abundant earlier in winter. Wintering elk often used a residential area at night when human encounters were minimal. During winter and spring, elk were approached significantly closer during darkness with artificial lights than during daylight. These elk, which experienced little or no hunting, were very visible and were disturbed little, if any, by normal on-road visitor activities. J. WILDL. MANAGE. 42(1):91-100 Elk are frequently seen during autumn, winter, and spring in Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado, where visitors make special efforts to observe and photograph them. Effects of this increasing pastime on behavior and ultimately on the physical condition of elk in the Park are unknown. Objectives of this study were to quantify effects of human activity and intentional harassment upon observability, movements, and behavior of Park elk during the rutting period and when elk are concentrated on winter-spring ranges. Elk in Rocky Mountain National Park have increased since 49 were reintroduced in 1913-1914. By 1943, concern for effects on ranges stimulated initiation of direct population control. This program was discontinued in 1945 due to public disfavor (Guse 1966). Controlled hunting by Park staff was resumed in 1949 and continued until 1962 when increasing public disfavor again prompted a halt (Gill 1967). Reduction programs encouraged elk to migrate out of the Park and harassing actions kept the animals scattered, thereby alleviating range damage in concentration areas, at least near roads (Broman 1954). Elk were comparatively difficult to observe during the early and middle 1960's, apparently because they were accustomed to being fired upon within the Park during earlier controlled hunts. Elk on open meadows usually fled into surrounding forest if approached by a vehicle. Elk seemed more observable in 1975, though no data are available for comparison. The 1975 estimate of elk wintering in Rocky Mountain National Park was 600 to 700 animals (David Stevens, Park Biologist, personal communication). Most studies of effects of human disturbance on ungulates have involved hunted populations. Geist (1971) stated that, "Mammals learn to minimize encounters with humans if harassed enough, by reducing activity to areas, habitats and times of day where encounters with humans are minimal." He suggested that harassment led to increased energy expenditures and was most damaging when animals were in poor condition and (Geist 1970) when the disturbance was frequent and unpredictable. Others studying effects of human activity on ungulates have noted effects upon physical condition, disease and reproduction (Zigunov 1961, Bannikov et al. 1961) and upon behavior, distribution and habitat J. Wildl. Manage. 42(1):1978 91 This content downloaded from 207.46.13.148 on Sun, 11 Sep 2016 04:33:54 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms 92 ELK RESPONSE TO HUMANS * Schultz and Bailey use (Walther 1969, Dauphine and McClure 1974, Batcheler 1968, Moran 1973, Rost 1975, Ward 1973, Dorrance et al. 1975). This study was financed by the Denver Service Center, National Park Service contract CX2000-5-0012. We gratefully acknowledge the advice, assistance and cooperation of E. Starkey, M. Nyquist, D. Stevens, and others of the National Park Service; of T. Boardman, Statistics Lab, Colorado State University; R. Gard and C. Hibler, also faculty of Colorado State; and of E. Reed and G. Rost, then students at Colorado State University.