485 results on '"Pierre Blanchard"'
Search Results
452. THX 31162: 768 x 576 pixel area array CCD sensor
- Author
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Francois Roy, Didier Herault, Pierre Blanchard, Gilles C. Boucharlat, and Yves Thenoz
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Engineering ,Pixel ,business.industry ,Optical engineering ,ComputingMethodologies_IMAGEPROCESSINGANDCOMPUTERVISION ,Image processing ,Tracking (particle physics) ,Electro-optics ,Image sensor format ,Optics ,Computer vision ,Charge-coupled device ,Artificial intelligence ,Image sensor ,business - Abstract
A 2/3-inch format 768(H) x 576 (V) pixel CCD image sensor has been developed, fabricated and tested. It has a frame transfer organization and is incorporating a lateral built in anti-blooming system. A horizontal resolution of more than 500 TV lines has been obtained and photosensitivity reaches 30 mv/lux. By the possible use of two video outputs, an image mirror function is provided. Thanks to its windowing device, the sensor is well suited for tracking applications.© (1990) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
- Published
- 1990
453. Chimioradiothérapie descancers del'œsophage: valeur pronostique desanticorps circulants anti-P53 etanti-ras
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V. Baruch-Hennequin, Pierre Blanchard, Laurent Quero, C. Maylin, C. Hennequin, M.-H. Schlageter, and V. Pacaud
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Oncology ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging - Published
- 2007
454. Les constructions missionnaires catholiques en Tanzanie avant 1914
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Pierre Blanchard
- Abstract
Lors des premieres annees d’action des missionnaires en Tanzanie, epoque de fondation et la construction des stations de missions est l’une des activites principales. Apres avoir trouve un site alliant une population prete a etre evangelisee et des exigences de salubrite, les premieres annees des missionnaires se passent generalement dans des constructions provisoires souvent inspirees par les constructions indigenes. Mais des que leurs finances le permettent, les missionnaires vont construire des bâtiments repondant a des exigences de confort et pouvant assurer une partie du prestige de la mission. Leur inspiration se trouvera alors dans une architecture d’importation aux references culturelles souvent contraignantes; seuls le climat et la disponibilite des materiaux de constructions forceront a une adaptation au nouvel environnement.
- Published
- 2007
455. BDNF gene replacement reveals multiple mechanisms for establishing neurotrophin specificity during sensory nervous system development.
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Karin, Agerman, Jens, Hjerling-Leffler, Pierre, Blanchard Marie, Eric, Scarfone, Barbara, Canlon, Christopher, Nosrat, and Patrik, Ernfors
- Abstract
Neurotrophins have multiple functions during peripheral nervous system development such as controlling neuronal survival, target innervation and synaptogenesis. Neurotrophin specificity has been attributed to the selective expression of the Trk tyrosine kinase receptors in different neuronal subpopulations. However, despite overlapping expression of TrkB and TrkC in many sensory ganglia, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and neurotrophin 3 (NT3) null mutant mice display selective losses in neuronal subpopulations. In the present study we have replaced the coding part of the BDNF gene in mice with that of NT3 (BDNF(NT3/NT3)) to analyse the specificity and selective roles of BDNF and NT3 during development. Analysis of BDNF(NT3/NT3) mice showed striking differences in the ability of NT3 to promote survival, short-range innervation and synaptogenesis in different sensory systems. In the cochlea, specificity is achieved by a tightly controlled spatial and temporal ligand expression. In the vestibular system TrkB or TrkC activation is sufficient to promote vestibular ganglion neuron survival, while TrkB activation is required to promote proper innervation and synaptogenesis. In the gustatory system, NT3 is unable to replace the actions of BDNF possibly because of a temporally selective expression of TrkB in taste neurons. We conclude that there is no general mechanism by which neurotrophin specificity is attained and that specificity is achieved by (i) a tightly controlled spatial and temporal expression of ligands, (ii) different Trk receptors playing distinct roles within the same neuronal subpopulation, or (iii) selective receptor expression in sensory neuron subpopulations.
- Published
- 2003
456. Etude du flu age sous irradiation par des particules α d'aciers inoxydables austenitiques type 316 (17% Cr-13% Ni-2% Mo)
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J. Delaplace, Pierre Jary, and Pierre Blanchard
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Nuclear and High Energy Physics ,Nuclear Energy and Engineering ,General Materials Science - Abstract
Resume En utilisant des particules α de 30 MeV, nous avons irradie de facon homogene des echantillons d'acier de 50 microns d'epaisseur soumis a une contrainte de tension et pu ainsi etudier le fluage sous irradiation. La vitesse de production de defauts obtenue dans ces conditions est voisine de 10 −5 dpa/s. Les doses atteintes en quelques dizaines d'heures d'irradiation sont de l'ordre de 1 dpa. Apres avoir decrit le montage experimental que nous avons realise pour ce type d'experiences et le mode operatoire nous donnons les principaux resultats obtenus sur des aciers austenitiques du type 316 a l'etat hyper-trempe ou a l'etat ecroui. La vitesse de fluage sous irradiation varie peu avec la temperature dans la gamme de temperature etudiee (300 a 400°C). Dans le materiau ecroui la vitesse de fluage est proportionnelle a la contrainte et a la dose. Apres une periode de fluage transitoire qui n'apparait que dans le materiau hypertrempe, la vitesse de fluage sous irradiation du materiau hypertrempe est du meme ordre de grandeur que celle du materiau ecroui. De faibles variations de composition du materiau peuvent modifier de facon notable la vitesse de fluage sous irradiation.
- Published
- 1978
457. L'indexation des salaires : quelle rupture en 1982 ?
- Author
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Pierre Blanchard and Patrick Sevestre
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Business and International Management ,General Economics, Econometrics and Finance - Abstract
Die Indexbindung der Löhne : welcher Einschnitt erfolgte 1 982 ? von Pierre Blanchard, Patrick Sevestre. Gab es seit 1982 in Frankreich eine Veränderung in den Modalitäten der Lohn-Preis-lndexierung ? Diese Studie wurde auf der Grundlage von Daten aus dem auf nationaler Ebene unterzeichtneten Tarifverträgen fur acht Beschäftigungszweige im Laufe der Periode 1970-1988 durchgeführt. Sie hebt die Bedeutung der Inflationserwartungen hervor, die in der Période nach 1982 aufgetreben waren, und die in höherem Maße als die jüngste Inflationstendenz als Leitsätze für die Lohnpolitik gedient haben., Wage indexation: was there a break in 1982? by Pierre Blanchard, Patrick Sevestre. Has there been a change in the indexation of wages on prices in France since 1982? This study attempts to answer the question using data from the collective national wage agreements signed between 1970 and 1988 in eight industries. The findings highlight the importance of inflation expectations in the post- 1982 period, which have acted as a more powerful guideline for wage policy than actual recent inflation., L'indexation des salaires : quelle rupture en 1982 ? par Pierre Blanchard, Patrick Sevestre. Y a-t-il eu un changement des modalités d'indexation des salaires sur les prix depuis 1982 en France ? Réalisée à partir de données tirées des Conventions collectives signéesau niveau national par huit branches au cours de la période 1970-1988, cette étude met en évidence l'importance des anticipations d'inflation sur la période postérieure à 1982 qui ont, plus que l'inflation récente, servi de guide à la politique salariale., La indexación de los salarios : ? que tipo de rutpura para 1 982 ? por Pierre Blanchard, Patrick Sevestre. ? Ha habido acaso un cambio de las modalidades de indexación de los salarios sobre los precios desde 1982 en Francia ? El présente estudio, realizado en base a datos sacados de los Convenios colectivos firmados a nivel nacional para ocho ramas de actividad durante el penodo 1970-1988, evidencia la importancia de las anticipaciones de inflación sobre el período posterior a 1982 que, màs que la inflación reciente, sirvieron de guía para la política salarial., Blanchard Pierre, Sevestre Patrick. L'indexation des salaires : quelle rupture en 1982 ?. In: Économie & prévision, n°87, 1989-1. Apports des données de panel à l'analyse économique. pp. 67-74.
- Published
- 1989
458. Synthesis and Biological Activities of Some New 5′-Substituted S-Adenosylhomocysteine Analogues∗
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Françhise Lawrence, Edgar Lederer, Aly Raies, Pierre Blanchard, Malka Robert-Gero, and David Shire
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Rous sarcoma virus ,biology ,Cell growth ,viruses ,Cell ,Viral transformation ,biology.organism_classification ,Biochemistry ,Adenosine ,Uridine ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Transformation (genetics) ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,chemistry ,Genetics ,medicine ,Phenyl group ,medicine.drug - Abstract
The synthesis of new S-adenosyl-homocysteine (SAH) analogues substituted at the 5′-position is described. Their activity on cell transformation induced by Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) as well as their effect on cell growth and on replication of polyoma virus were also studied. The best results were obtained with compounds having a phenyl group at the 5′-position of adenosine. These molecules inhibit very strongly uridine uptake by cells.
- Published
- 1983
459. Further studies of the action of methionyl adenylate on chick embryo fibroblasts
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Malka Robert-Gero, David A. Lawrence, Françoise Lawrence, and Pierre Blanchard
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Chick Embryo ,Methionine-tRNA Ligase ,Biology ,Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (miscellaneous) ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Methionine ,Adenosine deaminase ,Leucine ,Methionyl adenylate ,Protein biosynthesis ,Animals ,Uridine ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,DNA synthesis ,Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases ,Substrate (chemistry) ,Embryo ,DNA ,Fibroblasts ,Adenosine Monophosphate ,Enzyme ,Biochemistry ,chemistry ,3',5'-Cyclic-AMP Phosphodiesterases ,Protein Biosynthesis ,biology.protein ,RNA ,Thymidine - Abstract
Methionyl adenylate (MetAMP) inhibits protein synthesis by interacting with methionyl-tRNA synthetase. Addition of 1–3 mM inhibitor to chick embryo fibroblasts rapidly stops protein synthesis and DNA synthesis but not RNA synthesis. These effects can be reversed by renewal of the medium. The extent and reversibility of protein and DNA syntheses depend on the concentration of MetAMP in the cultures, the length of exposure and the cellular density. MetAMP is recognised by several enzymes as substrate and/or as inhibitor. MetAMP is degraded to methionol plus 5′-adenylic acid by 5′-phosphodiesterase. Adenosine deaminase, adenylic acid deaminase and 3′:5′-phosphodiesterase cannot use MetAMP as substrate but the last enzyme is inhibited. The presence of MetAMP in cultures provokes a small but reproducible increase in the level of methionyl-tRNA synthetase and 5′-phosphodiesterase.
- Published
- 1977
460. Identification of Some Metabolic Products of 5'-Deoxy-5'-S-Isobutylthioadenosine, an Inhibitor of Virus-Induced Cell Transformation
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Giselle Farrugia, Malka Robert-Gero, Franqoise Lawrence, Michde Vedel, Mireille Richou, and Pierre Blanchard
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Salmonella typhimurium ,animal structures ,Staphylococcus ,Cell ,Chick Embryo ,Biology ,Biochemistry ,Virus ,Hydrolysis ,Pseudomonas ,Escherichia coli ,medicine ,Animals ,Cells, Cultured ,Thionucleosides ,Deoxyadenosines ,5'-deoxy-5'-S-isobutylthioadenosine ,Oxidative deamination ,Embryo ,Fibroblasts ,Cell Transformation, Viral ,Metabolic pathway ,Transformation (genetics) ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Avian Sarcoma Viruses ,embryonic structures - Abstract
5′-Deoxy-5′-S-isobutylthiodenosine (iBuS)5′ Ado has been shown to be rapidly degraded to 5-deoxy-5-S-isobutylthioribose and adenine in procaryotes. In chick embryo fibroblasts there are two metabolic pathways for (iBuS)5′ Ado degradation: (a) oxidative deamination into 5′-deoxy-5′-S-isobutylthioinosine (the main product) and (b) hydrolysis into 5-deoxy-5-S-isobutylthioribose plus adenine. The latter reaction is not due to bacterial contamination, since the same results were obtained under sterile conditions and in chick embryo fibroblasts in culture. The inhibition of the virus-induced cell transformation reported by us previously was due to (iBuS)5′ Ado rather than to the main metabolic product of this molecule in chick embryo fibroblasts.
- Published
- 1978
461. Connaissance religieuse et connaissance mystique chez saint Augustin dans les « Confessions », Veritas - Caritas - Aeternitas
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Pierre Blanchard
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media_common.quotation_subject ,General Medicine ,Art ,media_common - Published
- 1962
462. Synthese de la Desamino 9’ Sinefungine
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N. Dodic, Jean-Louis Fourrey, Pierre Blanchard, Robert Géro, and M. Gèze
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Chemistry ,Genetics ,Biochemistry ,Molecular biology - Abstract
La sinefungine dont nous avons recemment acheve la synthese (1) possede une activite antiparasitaire en particulier sur differentes souches de Leishmania (2) mais presente 1′inconvenient d'ine toxicite non negligeable; nous avons donc entrepris la synthese d'analogues, en particulier du derive 9’ desamino e partir de l'adenosine et e partir du ribose.
- Published
- 1985
463. Antileishmanial Effect of Sinefungin and its Derivatives
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Philippe Paolantonacci, Françoise Lawrence, Abdelmalek Mouna, Malka Robert-Gero, Pierre Blanchard, Nérina Dodic, and Halina Malina
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Sinefungin ,Antifungal antibiotic ,Stereochemistry ,Chemistry ,medicine ,Molecule ,Moiety ,Streptomyces griseolus ,Nucleoside ,Adenosine ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Sinefungin 1 is a natural nucleoside isolated from cultures of Streptomyces griseolus at Lilly Research Laboratories in the U.S. and from cultures of S.incarnatus at Rhone-Poulenc Industries in France2. This molecule is composed of an adenosine and an orninthine moiety linked together by a carbon-carbon bond at the 5’end of the adenosine part. This structure confers a good chemical and biological stability to this compound.
- Published
- 1989
464. Sinefungin and Derivatives : Synthesis, Biosynthesis and Molecular Target Studies in Leishmania
- Author
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Pierre Blanchard, N. Dodic, Edgar Lederer, M. Gèze, Christiane Tempete, Malka Robert-Gero, Michèle Vedel, H. Malina, Françoise Lawrence, Jean-Louis Fourrey, and Philippe Paolantonacci
- Subjects
biology ,Ornithine ,Leishmania ,biology.organism_classification ,Adenosine ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Sinefungin ,Biochemistry ,Biosynthesis ,chemistry ,medicine ,Molecular targets ,Rhone-Poulenc ,Nucleoside ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Sinefungin 1 is a natural nucleoside in which an ornithine residue is linked to the 5′ end of adenosine by a carbon-carbon bond. Its structure is similar to that of S-adenosyl-homocysteine (SAH) 2 and that of S-adenosyl-methionine 3 (Scheme I). It was isolated from cultures of Streptomyces griseolus at Lilly Research Laboratories (Hamill & Hoehn, 1973) and from cultures of S.incarnatus at Rhone-Poulenc Industries in France (Patent 761114 : Rhone Poulenc Industries France, 15th April, 1976).
- Published
- 1986
465. A base-pairing hypothesis for t-RNA methylation
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Pierre Blanchard, J. Hildesheim, and Robert Michelot
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Pharmacology ,S-Adenosylmethionine ,tRNA Methyltransferases ,Binding Sites ,Base Sequence ,Base pair ,Cell Biology ,Methylation ,Saccharomyces cerevisiae ,Molecular biology ,Uridine ,Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Structure-Activity Relationship ,chemistry ,RNA, Transfer ,Transfer RNA ,Escherichia coli ,Molecular Medicine ,Nucleic Acid Conformation ,Molecular Biology - Abstract
L'examen statistique des sequences des t-ARN indique qu'un nucleoside methyle est generalement adjacent a une uridine ou a un analogue. Ces observations suggerent que le processus de methylation du t-ARN se ferait par l'intermediaire d'un complexe ternaire dont les implications conformationnelles sont discutees.
- Published
- 1974
466. Comparative effect of methioninyl adenylate on the growth of Salmonella typhimurium and Pseudomonas aeruginosa
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Gisèle Farrugia, Malka Robert-Gero, Pierre Blanchard, F Laurence, and J Enouf
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Salmonella typhimurium ,Methionine-tRNA Ligase ,medicine.disease_cause ,Biochemistry ,Microbiology ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Methionine ,Pseudomonas ,Genetics ,Extracellular ,medicine ,Molecular Biology ,MAMP ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,biology ,Pseudomonas aeruginosa ,Chemistry ,Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases ,fungi ,General Medicine ,biology.organism_classification ,Adenosine Monophosphate ,Enzyme ,Alcaligenes ,Growth inhibition ,Energy source ,Bacteria - Abstract
The bacteriostatic effect of methioninyl adenylate(MAMP)--a specific inhibitor of the enzyme methionyl-tRNA synthetase--was investigated on Salmonella typhimurium and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. 0.1 mM of this molecule added to the culture, inhibits the growth of S. typhimurium. The inhibition is specifically reversible by 0.1 mM L-methionine. In the same conditions even 1-2 mM MAMP has a very slight effect on the growth rate of P. aeruginosa and only during the first two generations. The same observation was made with the two other members of the fluorescens group P.fluorescens and P.putida. The growth rate of P. testosteroni with 1 mM MAMP in the medium is similar to the growth rate of P. aeruginosa but the other member of the acidovorans group P. acidovorans is much more affected by the smae concentration of the inhibitor. --P. multivorans is inhibited by MAMP like P. acidovorans but with a somewhat higher yield at the end of the culture. --MAMP has no effect on P. alcaligenes. The possible reasons for the weak bacteriostatic effect of MAMP on P. aeruginosa were investigated. It was established that the inhibitor enters the cells and is not used as a carbon and energy source. The intracellular methionine concentration in S. typhimurium and in P. aeruginosa is about the same and does not increase when bacteria are cultivated with MAMP. The MTS of the two microorganisms is inhibited by MAMP in vitro to about the same extent. Furthermore the tRNAmet from P. aeruginosa are fully acylated after 3 to 4 generations with this compound. Nevertheless MAMP elicits higher MTS activity in P. aeruginosa and in P. acidovorans after 1 h of incubation. The most striking difference between S. typhimurium and P. aeruginosa is that the intra and extracellular level of 5'phosphodiesterase which degrades MAMP is 10-20 fold higher in the second than in the first species.
- Published
- 1976
467. Inhibition of virus-induced cell transformation by synthetic analogues of S-adenosyl homocysteine
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Pierre Blanchard, Malka Robert-Gero, Edgar Lederer, Philippe Vigier, Françoise Lawrence, Gisèle Farrugia, and Armand Berneman
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animal structures ,Adenosine ,Time Factors ,Homocysteine ,Cell ,Biophysics ,Virus Replication ,Biochemistry ,Virus ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,medicine ,Molecular Biology ,Cells, Cultured ,Rous sarcoma virus ,biology ,Embryo ,Cell Biology ,Fibroblasts ,biology.organism_classification ,Cell Transformation, Viral ,Virology ,Molecular biology ,S-Adenosylhomocysteine ,Transformation (genetics) ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Viral replication ,chemistry ,Avian Sarcoma Viruses ,embryonic structures - Abstract
Summary 1 mM 5′-deoxy-5′-S-isobutyl-adenosine (SIBA) (I), a structural analogue of S-adenosyl-homocysteine (SAH), inhibits the oncogenic transformation of chick embryo fibroblasts (CEF) infected with Rous sarcoma virus (RSV). When SIBA remains in contact with infected cells for 48 hours the inhibition of focus formation is irreversible, at least for 8 days. Virus replication is also strongly inhibited by SIBA. Normal CEF are only reversibly inhibited by this compound. SAH, the natural inhibitor of SAM dependent transmethylases has no effect on cell transformation.
- Published
- 1975
468. Studies on synthetic inhibitors of t-RNA methyl transferases: analogs of S-adenosyl homocysteine
- Author
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Gisèle Farrugia, Pierre Blanchard, J. Hildesheim, Robert Michelot, and Rina Hildesheim
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Methyltransferase ,Adenosine ,Homocysteine ,Stereochemistry ,Guanine ,Cysteamine ,Thio ,Biochemistry ,Methylation ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,RNA, Transfer ,Escherichia coli ,Animals ,Cysteine ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,tRNA Methyltransferases ,General Medicine ,Kinetics ,Enzyme ,chemistry ,Liver ,Propylene Glycols ,Rabbits ,Propionates - Abstract
Summary The structural analogs ( 1–10 ) of S-adenosyl homocysteine have been tested as inhibitors of a N-2 guanine methyltransferase and a whole methyltransferase extract, both isolated from rabbit liver with E. coli B and E. coli K 12 f met t-RNA's as substrates. Derivatives in which the amino function of the adenyl moiety had been completely substituted (SAH f) 9 or replaced by an hydroxyl (SIH) 10 were devoid of inhibitory activity. However, if one hydrogen atom was still linked to the N-6 atom, (N 6 methyl SAH 8 ), the product was still an efficient competitive inhibitor (Ki 60 moles). A chiral change or the replacement of the homocysteine chain by different analogs such as thio ethanol 4 , thio propanediol 6 , thio propionic acid 5 or D homocysteine 1c , led to products displaying inhibitory activity on the methyltransferases. For instance D SAH 1c was found to be a potent competitive inhibitor of the reaction (Ki 40 moles). The comparison of the inhibition values obtained with SAC 2, SA cysteamine 3 , SAEtOH 4 and SA propionic 5 suggests an important hydrogen type bond between the terminal amino function and the enzyme whereas the terminal carboxyl group did not contribute efficiently to the binding of the inhibitors to the enzyme.
- Published
- 1973
469. PREMIÈRES OBSERVATIONS SUR LA POLLINISATION ET LA COULURE DES FLEURS DE LUZERNE EN CHARENTES (MEDICAGO SATIVA L.)
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Alain Delaude, Jean-Noël Tasei, Pierre Blanchard, and Revues Inra, Import
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0106 biological sciences ,[SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment ,[SDV.BID]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity ,Biology ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,[SDV.BA.ZI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Invertebrate Zoology ,010602 entomology ,[SDV.EE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment ,Insect Science ,[SDV.SA.SPA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Animal production studies ,Botany ,[SDV.BA.ZI] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Invertebrate Zoology ,[SDV.SA.SPA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Animal production studies ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS ,[SDV.BID] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity - Abstract
International audience
- Published
- 1972
470. Implantation d’un système d’information socio-sanitaire régional
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Pierre Ferland, Pierre Blanchard, Sylvie Bernier, and René Beauséjour
- Subjects
General Medicine - Abstract
L’article présente l’implantation d’un système d’information visant la connaissance et la surveillance de l’état de santé de la population dans la région de Trois-Rivières. La finalité d’un tel système est d’être accessible facilement avec le découpage territorial voulu. La clientèle visée est élargie et englobe tous ceux qui s’intéressent à la santé de la population. Les sources de données de ce système sont nombreuses : recensement fédéral, enquêtes et fichiers administratifs. Des ententes sont prises entre les départements de santé communautaire (DSC) et les organismes fournisseurs, afin de faciliter la mise à jour régulière., This paper presents the implementation of an information system on the health situation in Quebec's Trois-Rivières region. Such a system has to be flexible in terms of territorial delimitation, and has to be easily accessible. Data sources are the census, surveys and administrative files. Agreements have been obtained to rapidly up-to-date the information contained in the system., El artítulo presenta la implantación de un sistema de información apuntando el conocimiento y la vigilancia del estado de salud de la población en la región de Trois-Rivières. La finalidad de tal sistema es de ser facilmente accesible con el recorte territorial deseado. La clientela apuntada es ampliada y engloba todos los agentes que se interesan en la salud de la población. Las fuentes de datos de este sistema son numerosas: Censo federal, encuestas y ficheros administrativos. Acuerdos son establecidos entre los departamentos de salud comunitario (DSC) y los organismos proveedores a fin de facilitar la actualización regular.
471. Meta-analysis of chemotherapy in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (MAC-NPC): An update on 4,798 patients
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Dora Lw Kwong, George Fountzilas, Wai Tong Ng, Julie Leclercq, Kwan Hwa Chi, Hai Qiang Mai, Pierre Blanchard, Pei Yu Huang, James J. Moon, Jean-Pierre Pignon, Jean Bourhis, Guopei Zhu, Anne W.M. Lee, Jun Ma, Li Zhang, Joseph Wee, Anthony T.C. Chan, Masuto Hareyama, Daniel Tt Chua, and Sophie Marguet
- Subjects
Oncology ,Cancer Research ,Chemotherapy ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Patient data ,bacterial infections and mycoses ,medicine.disease ,Surgery ,Radiation therapy ,stomatognathic diseases ,Nasopharyngeal carcinoma ,Meta-analysis ,Internal medicine ,otorhinolaryngologic diseases ,medicine ,Overall survival ,business - Abstract
6022 Background: In a previous MAC-NPC individual patient data (IPD) meta-analysis, the addition of chemotherapy (CT) to radiotherapy improved overall survival (OS) in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC...
472. Histoire des batailles siéges et combats des français, depuis 1792 jusqu' en 1815 ...
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Pierre Blanchard (Firma), Société de militaires et d'hommes de lettres, Pierre Blanchard (Firma), and Société de militaires et d'hommes de lettres
- Abstract
Al final del T. IV consta: "Fin du quatrième et dernier volume"
473. Cementless Revisions of Failed Aseptic Cemented and Cementless Total Hip Arthroplasties
- Author
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Gerald A. Lord, Jean-Louis Guillamon, Jacques-Henri Marotte, and Jean-Pierre Blanchard
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musculoskeletal diseases ,Bone stock ,business.industry ,Total hip replacement ,Dentistry ,General Medicine ,equipment and supplies ,Fixation (surgical) ,surgical procedures, operative ,Acetabular component ,Medicine ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,Surgery ,Aseptic processing ,Implant ,business ,Total hip arthroplasty - Abstract
Over the past 13 years, 284 revisions of aseptic total hip arthroplasty failures have been performed with cementless implants. There were 213 cases involving cemented implant failures and 71 involving cementless ones. Considered as salvage procedures, these revisions provided a satisfactory result in about 70% of the reviewed patients after five years. A biologic fixation by bony ingrowth can be expected under certain conditions from decorticated living bone, a tight mechanical fitting, and a retentive corrugated surface of the implant. A prosthetic reimplantation, safely done without cement, appears more economical for the bone stock and prevents the long-term complications related with cement. Bone grafts are often required but cannot ensure the incoming osteogenic fixation of the implant. Long-term results and complications mandate harmless extractability of the revisional implant, a forged stem, an easy exchange of the plastic liner (in a two-part acetabular component), and an updated low-friction system (high-density polyethylene wear being a potential long-term problem).
- Published
- 1988
474. New Synthetic S-Adenosylhomocysteine Analogues with Oncostatic and Antiviral Activity
- Author
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Edgar Lederer, Pierre Blanchard, Françoise Lawrence, Hedgecock Charles John Robert, Marc Vuilhorgne, and Malka Robert-Gero
- Subjects
Pharmacology ,Biochemistry ,Chemistry ,Organic Chemistry ,Analytical Chemistry ,S-Adenosylhomocysteine - Published
- 1978
475. Mobile Technology and Social Media in the Clinical Practice of Young Radiation Oncologists: Results of a Comprehensive Nationwide Cross-sectional Study.
- Author
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Bibault, Jean-Emmanuel, Leroy, Thomas, MDPhD, Pierre Blanchard, Biau, Julian, Cervellera, Mathilde, Diaz, Olivia, Faivre, Jean Christophe, Fumagalli, Ingrid, Lescut, Nicolas, Martin, Valentine, Pichon, Baptiste, Riou, Olivier, Thureau, Sébastien, and Giraud, Philippe
- Subjects
- *
ONCOLOGISTS , *MEDICAL practice , *CROSS-sectional method , *SOCIAL media , *CELL phones , *INTERNET surveys , *RESIDENTS (Medicine) - Abstract
Purpose Social media and mobile technology are transforming the way in which young physicians are learning and practicing medicine. The true impact of such technologies has yet to be evaluated. Methods and Materials We performed a nationwide cross-sectional survey to better assess how young radiation oncologists used these technologies. An online survey was sent out between April 24, 2013, and June 1, 2013. All residents attending the 2013 radiation oncology French summer course were invited to complete the survey. Logistic regressions were performed to assess predictors of use of these tools in the hospital on various clinical endpoints. Results In all, 131 of 140 (93.6%) French young radiation oncologists answered the survey. Of these individuals, 93% owned a smartphone and 32.8% owned a tablet. The majority (78.6%) of the residents owning a smartphone used it to work in their department. A total of 33.5% had more than 5 medical applications installed. Only 60.3% of the residents verified the validity of the apps that they used. In all, 82.9% of the residents had a social network account. Conclusions Most of the residents in radiation oncology use their smartphone to work in their department for a wide variety of tasks. However, the residents do not consistently check the validity of the apps that they use. Residents also use social networks, with only a limited impact on their relationship with their patients. Overall, this study highlights the irruption and the risks of new technologies in the clinical practice and raises the question of a possible regulation of their use in the hospital. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
476. Circadian RNA expression elicited by 3’-UTR IRAlu-paraspeckle associated elements
- Author
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Manon Torres, Denis Becquet, Marie-Pierre Blanchard, Séverine Guillen, Bénédicte Boyer, Mathias Moreno, Jean-Louis Franc, and Anne-Marie François-Bellan
- Subjects
pituitary cells ,paraspeckle ,circadian oscillators ,circadian rhythm ,nuclear RNA retention ,Medicine ,Science ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
Paraspeckles are nuclear bodies form around the long non-coding RNA, Neat1, and RNA-binding proteins. While their role is not fully understood, they are believed to control gene expression at a post-transcriptional level by means of the nuclear retention of mRNA containing in their 3’-UTR inverted repeats of Alu sequences (IRAlu). In this study, we found that, in pituitary cells, all components of paraspeckles including four major proteins and Neat1 displayed a circadian expression pattern. Furthermore the insertion of IRAlu at the 3’-UTR of the EGFP cDNA led to a rhythmic circadian nuclear retention of the egfp mRNA that was lost when paraspeckles were disrupted whereas insertion of a single antisense Alu had only a weak effect. Using real-time video-microscopy, these IRAlu were further shown to drive a circadian expression of EGFP protein. This study shows that paraspeckles, thanks to their circadian expression, control circadian gene expression at a post-transcriptional level.
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
477. Meta-analyse des traitements néoadjuvants des cancers de l’œsophage et de la jonction oesogastrique
- Author
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Faron, Matthieu, Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations (CESP), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, Pierre Blanchard, and Gwénaël Le Teuff
- Subjects
Gastroesophagal junction ,Esophagus ,Oesophage ,[SDV.CAN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer ,[SDV.MHEP.HEG]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Hépatology and Gastroenterology ,[SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie ,Neoadjuvant ,Jonction oeso-Gastrique ,Meta analysis ,Cancer - Abstract
Esophagus cancer still carries a dismal prognosis. Multimodal treatment strategies usually combine surgery (S), chemotherapy (C) and radiotherapy (R) to obtain better survival. Esophagus cancer is also a heterogeneous entity with two histological subtypes (adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma) and two anatomical locations (thoracic esophagus and gastroesophageal junction). This is a problem of studying the interaction between the treatment effect and modifiers in a clinical situation where more than two treatments are available. Individual participant data network meta-analysis was therefore the optimal methodology.The first part of the thesis focused on studying the performance of a model for one step individual participant data network meta-analysis for a time to event outcome under the frequentist paradigm. A special emphasis was made on situation where an interaction between the treatment effect and a modifier is present.The second part of the thesis was the analysis of the individual participant data of all the available studie. Three pairwise meta-analysis comparing the three most frequent therapeutic sequences were done : S vs. CS, S vs. CRS and CS vs. CRS. These analyses were completed by a network meta-analysis combining all the available information in a one-step design. Primary outcome was overall survival. Secondary outcomes were disease-free survival, type of recurrence (local or distant or death without recurrence with competing risks), cause of death, quality of the surgical resection and postoperative morbidity and mortality. For each analyses an interaction between the treatment effects and the histological subtypes or the anatomical location were seeked.; Les cancers de l’œsophage restent grevés d’un pronostic à long terme sombre. Des stratégies multimodales associant différemment chirurgie (S), chimiothérapie (C) et radiothérapie (R) ont été développé afin d’améliorer ce pronostic. Ce cancer est également hétérogène en raison de la présence de deux histologies différentes (adénocarcinomes et carcinomes épidermoïdes) et deux localisations anatomiques (œsophage thoracique et jonction œsogastrique). La problématique était donc l’étude de l’interaction entre l’effet traitement et des modificateurs dans une situation clinique comportant plus de deux traitements. La méta-analyse en réseau sur données individuelles d’essais randomisé était donc la méthodologie la plus appropriée.La première partie de la thèse a permis l’étude des performances d’un modèle permettant d’évaluer une méta-analyse en réseau sur données individuelles en une étape à critère de jugement de type survie sous paradigme fréquentiste. L’accent était porté sur une situation où de l’interaction avec un modificateur était présente.La seconde partie de la thèse portait sur la réalisation d’une analyse sur données individuelles. Trois méta-analyse par paire comparant les trois stratégies actuelles S contre CS, S contre CRS et CS contre CRS ont été réalisé. Cette analyse a été complété par une méta-analyse en réseau utilisant toute l’information disponible. Le critère de jugement principal était la survie globale. Les critères secondaires étaient la survie sans récidive, le mode de récidive (sous forme de risques compétitifs) les causes de décès, la qualité de la résection et la morbi-mortalité postopératoire. Pour chaque analyse une recherche d’interaction entre l’effet traitement et le type histologique ou la localisation tumorale était recherché.
- Published
- 2021
478. Network Meta-Analysis and Head and Neck Cancer : Added Value of Analyzing Several Endpoints
- Author
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Petit, Claire, Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations (CESP), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Paris-Saclay, Pierre Blanchard, STAR, ABES, and Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)
- Subjects
Multiple outcomes ,Différence de survie moyenne restreinte ,[SDV.CAN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer ,Restricted mean survival time difference ,Cancer ORL ,[SDV.CAN] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer ,Critères du jugement multiples ,[SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie ,Individual patient data ,Données individuelles ,Network meta-Analysis ,[SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie ,Head and neck cancer ,Méta-Analyse en réseau - Abstract
Locally advanced head and neck cancers, whether “classical” squamous cell carcinomas or undifferentiated carcinomas of the nasopharynx, are treated by multimodality therapy. Loco-regional treatment is the main therapy, with surgery and/or radiotherapy. This radiotherapy can be standard (66-70 Grays in 33-35 fractions) or can have a modified fractionation (hyperfractionation or acceleration). Chemotherapy is often associated to these treatments, with different timing: induction, concomitant or adjuvant.Several randomized trials have compared different combinations of treatments. A network meta-analysis allows performing a pooled analysis of all these randomized trials, using the direct and indirect information available to determine the relative efficacy of the treatments.The objective of this doctoral thesis was to perform frequentist network meta-analyses using individual patient data from three standard meta-analyses:- combination of two meta-analyses for squamous cell carcinomas (MACH-NC and MARCH, 115 trials; 28,978 patients and 16 modalities of treatment);- one meta-analysis for nasopharyngeal carcinomas (MAC-NPC, 28 trials; 8,214 patients and 8 modalities of treatment);with different endpoints (overall survival, progression-free or event-free survival, locoregional and metastatic control, cancer-related or non-cancer-related deaths) and different measures for these endpoints: hazard ratio and restricted mean survival time difference., Les cancers des voies aéro-digestives supérieures, qu’ils soient des carcinomes épidermoïdes “classiques” ou des carcinomes indifférenciés du nasopharynx sont traités par des associations thérapeutiques en cas de maladie localement avancée. Le traitement loco-régional en est le socle, avec une chirurgie et/ou une radiothérapie. Cette radiothérapie peut être standard (66-70 Grays en 33-35 séances) ou avoir un fractionnement modifié (hyperfractionnement ou accélération). Une chimiothérapie est souvent associée à ces traitements, avec différents temps d’administration possible : en induction, en concomitant ou en adjuvant.De nombreux essais randomisés ont comparé différentes associations de traitements entre elles. Une méta-analyse en réseau permet une analyse groupée de tous ces essais randomisés, en utilisant les informations directes et indirectes disponibles pour déterminer l’efficacité relative des traitements.L’objectif de cette thèse était la réalisation de méta-analyses en réseau de type fréquentiste en utilisant les données individuelles de trois méta-analyses classiques :- combinaison de deux méta-analyses pour les carcinomes épidermoïdes (MACH-NC et MARCH, 115 essais, 28 978 patients et 16 modalités de traitement)- une méta-analyse pour les carcinomes du nasopharynx (MAC-NPC, 28 essais, 8 214 patients et 8 modalités de traitement) ;avec l’utilisation de différents critères de jugement (survie globale, survie sans progression ou sans évènement, contrôle loco-régional et métastatique, décès liés ou non au cancer) et différentes mesures pour ces critères de jugement : hazard ratio et différence de survie moyenne restreinte.
- Published
- 2020
479. Méta-analyse en réseau et cancer ORL : utilité des critères de jugement multiples
- Author
-
Petit, Claire, Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations (CESP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Université Paris-Saclay, and Pierre Blanchard
- Subjects
Critères du jugement multiples ,Multiple outcomes ,Différence de survie moyenne restreinte ,Individual patient data ,Données individuelles ,Network meta-Analysis ,[SDV.CAN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer ,[SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie ,Head and neck cancer ,Restricted mean survival time difference ,Méta-Analyse en réseau ,Cancer ORL - Abstract
Locally advanced head and neck cancers, whether “classical” squamous cell carcinomas or undifferentiated carcinomas of the nasopharynx, are treated by multimodality therapy. Loco-regional treatment is the main therapy, with surgery and/or radiotherapy. This radiotherapy can be standard (66-70 Grays in 33-35 fractions) or can have a modified fractionation (hyperfractionation or acceleration). Chemotherapy is often associated to these treatments, with different timing: induction, concomitant or adjuvant.Several randomized trials have compared different combinations of treatments. A network meta-analysis allows performing a pooled analysis of all these randomized trials, using the direct and indirect information available to determine the relative efficacy of the treatments.The objective of this doctoral thesis was to perform frequentist network meta-analyses using individual patient data from three standard meta-analyses:- combination of two meta-analyses for squamous cell carcinomas (MACH-NC and MARCH, 115 trials; 28,978 patients and 16 modalities of treatment);- one meta-analysis for nasopharyngeal carcinomas (MAC-NPC, 28 trials; 8,214 patients and 8 modalities of treatment);with different endpoints (overall survival, progression-free or event-free survival, locoregional and metastatic control, cancer-related or non-cancer-related deaths) and different measures for these endpoints: hazard ratio and restricted mean survival time difference.; Les cancers des voies aéro-digestives supérieures, qu’ils soient des carcinomes épidermoïdes “classiques” ou des carcinomes indifférenciés du nasopharynx sont traités par des associations thérapeutiques en cas de maladie localement avancée. Le traitement loco-régional en est le socle, avec une chirurgie et/ou une radiothérapie. Cette radiothérapie peut être standard (66-70 Grays en 33-35 séances) ou avoir un fractionnement modifié (hyperfractionnement ou accélération). Une chimiothérapie est souvent associée à ces traitements, avec différents temps d’administration possible : en induction, en concomitant ou en adjuvant.De nombreux essais randomisés ont comparé différentes associations de traitements entre elles. Une méta-analyse en réseau permet une analyse groupée de tous ces essais randomisés, en utilisant les informations directes et indirectes disponibles pour déterminer l’efficacité relative des traitements.L’objectif de cette thèse était la réalisation de méta-analyses en réseau de type fréquentiste en utilisant les données individuelles de trois méta-analyses classiques :- combinaison de deux méta-analyses pour les carcinomes épidermoïdes (MACH-NC et MARCH, 115 essais, 28 978 patients et 16 modalités de traitement)- une méta-analyse pour les carcinomes du nasopharynx (MAC-NPC, 28 essais, 8 214 patients et 8 modalités de traitement) ;avec l’utilisation de différents critères de jugement (survie globale, survie sans progression ou sans évènement, contrôle loco-régional et métastatique, décès liés ou non au cancer) et différentes mesures pour ces critères de jugement : hazard ratio et différence de survie moyenne restreinte.
- Published
- 2020
480. Apport clinique des méta-analyses dans les cancers ORL localement avancés
- Author
-
Lacas, Benjamin, Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations (CESP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Université Paris-Saclay, Jean-Pierre Pignon, and Pierre Blanchard
- Subjects
Essais randomisés ,Acute toxicity ,Méta-Analyses ,Individual participant data ,[SDV.CAN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer ,Survival analysis ,Cancer ORL ,Randomized trials ,Analyse de survie ,Données individuelles ,Head and neck cancer ,radiothérapie ,Toxicités aiguës ,radiotherapy ,Meta-Analysis - Abstract
Radiotherapy and chemotherapy are both recommended treatments for locally advanced head and neck cancers. During conventional radiotherapy, 70 Grays are given in 35 fractions over 7 weeks (called « conventional fractionation »). Chemotherapy may be given before (induction), at the same time (concomitant) or after (adjuvant) locoregional treatment (surgery and/or radiotherapy). Many randomized clinical trials studied the efficacy of altered fractionated radiotherapy and others studied the addition of chemotherapy to locoregional treatment. Individual patient data meta-analysis consists in the collection of the databases of the trials, the check and the analysis, together. It allows to perform advanced analyses like variation of the treatment effect over trials’ or patient’s characteristics. The objectives of the present work were:1/ The first update of the MARCH meta-analysis, which included 34 trials (from 1979 to 2010) and 11,969 patients in order to study the efficacy of altered fractionated radiotherapy compared to conventional fractionation. A toxicity analysis has also been performed. A secondary question was the efficacy of altered fractionation alone compared to conventional fractionation plus concomitant chemotherapy.2/ The second update of the MACH-NC meta-analysis, which included 105 trials (1965-2010) and 19,511 patients in order to study the efficacy of the addition of chemotherapy compared to locoregional treatment. A secondary question was the efficacy of the addition of concomitant chemotherapy compared to the addition of induction chemotherapy.; La radiothérapie et la chimiothérapie sont deux des traitements recommandés pour traiter les cancers ORL localement avancés. La radiothérapie conventionnelle consiste en l’administration de 70 Grays en 35 fractions sur 7 semaines (fractionnement dit « conventionnel »). La chimiothérapie peut être administrée avant (induction), en même temps (concomitant) ou après (adjuvant) le traitement locorégional (chirurgie et/ou radiothérapie). Des essais randomisés ont étudié l’efficacité d’une modification du fractionnement et d’autres l’ajout d’une chimiothérapie à un traitement locorégional. Les méta-analyses sur données individuelles consistent à recueillir les bases de données de ces essais, les vérifier et ensuite les analyser ensemble, permettant ainsi des analyses plus poussées comme la variation de l’effet selon des caractéristiques des essais ou des patients. Cette thèse avait pour objectifs :1/ La première actualisation de la méta-analyse MARCH qui a inclus 34 essais et 11 969 patients afin de déterminer si la radiothérapie à fractionnement modifié était plus efficace que le fractionnement conventionnel sur la survie. Une analyse de la toxicité a également été réalisée. La question secondaire était de savoir si le fractionnement modifié seul était plus efficace que le fractionnement conventionnel associé à une chimiothérapie concomitante.2/ La seconde actualisation de la méta-analyse MACH-NC qui a inclus 105 essais et 19 511 patients afin d’estimer l’efficacité de l’ajout d’une chimiothérapie à un traitement locorégional. La question secondaire concernait la comparaison de l’efficacité de l’ajout d’une chimiothérapie concomitante à celui d’une chimiothérapie d’induction.
- Published
- 2020
481. Meta-Analyses to Study New Treatments’ Effects on Patients’ Outcomes in Locally Advanced Head and Neck Cancer
- Author
-
Lacas, Benjamin, STAR, ABES, Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations (CESP), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Paris-Saclay, Jean-Pierre Pignon, Pierre Blanchard, and Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)
- Subjects
Essais randomisés ,Acute toxicity ,Méta-Analyses ,Individual participant data ,[SDV.CAN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer ,Survival analysis ,Cancer ORL ,Randomized trials ,[SDV.CAN] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer ,Données individuelles ,Analyse de survie ,Head and neck cancer ,Toxicités aiguës ,radiothérapie ,radiotherapy ,Meta-Analysis - Abstract
Radiotherapy and chemotherapy are both recommended treatments for locally advanced head and neck cancers. During conventional radiotherapy, 70 Grays are given in 35 fractions over 7 weeks (called « conventional fractionation »). Chemotherapy may be given before (induction), at the same time (concomitant) or after (adjuvant) locoregional treatment (surgery and/or radiotherapy). Many randomized clinical trials studied the efficacy of altered fractionated radiotherapy and others studied the addition of chemotherapy to locoregional treatment. Individual patient data meta-analysis consists in the collection of the databases of the trials, the check and the analysis, together. It allows to perform advanced analyses like variation of the treatment effect over trials’ or patient’s characteristics. The objectives of the present work were:1/ The first update of the MARCH meta-analysis, which included 34 trials (from 1979 to 2010) and 11,969 patients in order to study the efficacy of altered fractionated radiotherapy compared to conventional fractionation. A toxicity analysis has also been performed. A secondary question was the efficacy of altered fractionation alone compared to conventional fractionation plus concomitant chemotherapy.2/ The second update of the MACH-NC meta-analysis, which included 105 trials (1965-2010) and 19,511 patients in order to study the efficacy of the addition of chemotherapy compared to locoregional treatment. A secondary question was the efficacy of the addition of concomitant chemotherapy compared to the addition of induction chemotherapy., La radiothérapie et la chimiothérapie sont deux des traitements recommandés pour traiter les cancers ORL localement avancés. La radiothérapie conventionnelle consiste en l’administration de 70 Grays en 35 fractions sur 7 semaines (fractionnement dit « conventionnel »). La chimiothérapie peut être administrée avant (induction), en même temps (concomitant) ou après (adjuvant) le traitement locorégional (chirurgie et/ou radiothérapie). Des essais randomisés ont étudié l’efficacité d’une modification du fractionnement et d’autres l’ajout d’une chimiothérapie à un traitement locorégional. Les méta-analyses sur données individuelles consistent à recueillir les bases de données de ces essais, les vérifier et ensuite les analyser ensemble, permettant ainsi des analyses plus poussées comme la variation de l’effet selon des caractéristiques des essais ou des patients. Cette thèse avait pour objectifs :1/ La première actualisation de la méta-analyse MARCH qui a inclus 34 essais et 11 969 patients afin de déterminer si la radiothérapie à fractionnement modifié était plus efficace que le fractionnement conventionnel sur la survie. Une analyse de la toxicité a également été réalisée. La question secondaire était de savoir si le fractionnement modifié seul était plus efficace que le fractionnement conventionnel associé à une chimiothérapie concomitante.2/ La seconde actualisation de la méta-analyse MACH-NC qui a inclus 105 essais et 19 511 patients afin d’estimer l’efficacité de l’ajout d’une chimiothérapie à un traitement locorégional. La question secondaire concernait la comparaison de l’efficacité de l’ajout d’une chimiothérapie concomitante à celui d’une chimiothérapie d’induction.
- Published
- 2020
482. Treating Metastatic Prostate Cancer With Local Therapies: Is It Still Wishful Thinking?
- Author
-
Bibault JE and Blanchard P
- Subjects
- Humans, Male, Prospective Studies, Neoplasm Recurrence, Local, Prostatic Neoplasms
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
483. ECOG-ACRIN 1308: Commentary on a Negative Phase II Trial.
- Author
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Garden AS and Blanchard P
- Subjects
- Cetuximab, Humans, Induction Chemotherapy, Oropharynx, Carcinoma, Squamous Cell, Papillomavirus Infections
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
484. Salvage Radiation Therapy for Biochemical Recurrence After Radical Prostatectomy: Is Earlier Always Better?
- Author
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Seisen T, Briganti A, Blanchard P, and Abdollah F
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
485. What Is the Best Treatment of Locally Advanced Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma? An Individual Patient Data Network Meta-Analysis.
- Author
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Ribassin-Majed L, Marguet S, Lee AWM, Ng WT, Ma J, Chan ATC, Huang PY, Zhu G, Chua DTT, Chen Y, Mai HQ, Kwong DLW, Cheah SL, Moon J, Tung Y, Chi KH, Fountzilas G, Bourhis J, Pignon JP, and Blanchard P
- Subjects
- Antineoplastic Agents therapeutic use, Chemoradiotherapy, Chemotherapy, Adjuvant, Combined Modality Therapy adverse effects, Combined Modality Therapy methods, Disease-Free Survival, Humans, Induction Chemotherapy, Network Meta-Analysis, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Survival Rate, Carcinoma therapy, Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms therapy
- Abstract
Purpose The role of adjuvant chemotherapy (AC) or induction chemotherapy (IC) in the treatment of locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma is controversial. The individual patient data from the Meta-Analysis of Chemotherapy in Nasopharynx Carcinoma database were used to compare all available treatments. Methods All randomized trials of radiotherapy (RT) with or without chemotherapy in nonmetastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma were considered. Overall, 20 trials and 5,144 patients were included. Treatments were grouped into seven categories: RT alone (RT), IC followed by RT (IC-RT), RT followed by AC (RT-AC), IC followed by RT followed by AC (IC-RT-AC), concomitant chemoradiotherapy (CRT), IC followed by CRT (IC-CRT), and CRT followed by AC (CRT-AC). P-score was used to rank the treatments. Fixed- and random-effects frequentist network meta-analysis models were applied. Results The three treatments with the highest probability of benefit on overall survival (OS) were CRT-AC, followed by CRT and IC-CRT, with respective hazard ratios (HRs [95% CIs]) compared with RT alone of 0.65 (0.56 to 0.75), 0.77 (0.64 to 0.92), and 0.81 (0.63 to 1.04). HRs (95% CIs) of CRT-AC compared with CRT for OS, progression-free survival (PFS), locoregional control, and distant control (DC) were, respectively, 0.85 (0.68 to 1.05), 0.81 (0.66 to 0.98), 0.70 (0.48 to 1.02), and 0.87 (0.61 to 1.25). IC-CRT ranked second for PFS and the best for DC. CRT never ranked first. HRs of CRT compared with IC-CRT for OS, PFS, locoregional control, and DC were, respectively, 0.95 (0.72 to 1.25), 1.13 (0.88 to 1.46), 1.05 (0.70 to 1.59), and 1.55 (0.94 to 2.56). Regimens with more chemotherapy were associated with increased risk of acute toxicity. Conclusion The addition of AC to CRT achieved the highest survival benefit and consistent improvement for all end points. The addition of IC to CRT achieved the highest effect on DC.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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