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Supply chain management (SCM) is the integration and strategic alliance involving all the value-creating elements in the supply, manufacturing, and distribution processes from raw material extraction, the transformation process, and end user consumption. This paper explores the SCM activities carried out by electronic manufacturing organizations in Malaysia and determines the correlation between SCM practices and firm performance. A self-administrated questionnaire based survey technique was employed to ascertain the status of SCM adoption and the practices in SCM that are significant for Malaysian electronics manufacturers. The findings suggest that the adoption of SCM activities is reasonably moderate.

The pathogenic suppression of infectious agents is an ongoing strategy to tackle threats from microbial infections. In this regard, we developed and characterized a stable basil oil nanoemulsion-filled hydrogel that combats microbial pathogenicity and enhances the antimicrobial potential. Basil oil was extracted from Ocimum basilicum using the hydrodistillation extraction method. Furthermore, bioactive compounds of extracted basil oil were identified using GC-MS. Basil oil nanoemulsion (BNE) was developed using the ultrasonic emulsification method by incorporating basil oil, span 60, and water. Later, the formulated nanoemulsions were grafted with the gellan gum-based hydrogel matrix. The BNE was evaluated for globule size, zeta potential, FTIR analysis, and surface texture by SEM. A study was conducted to analyze antimicrobial sensitivity, the minimum inhibitory concentration, anti-biofilm potential, and membrane integrity for gram-positive, gram-negative bacterial and fungal strains. The BNE formed with minimum droplet dimensions of 49.2 nm with a zeta-potential of −33 mV showed much more kinetic stability. The developed basil oil nanoemulsion hydrogels (BNEHs) showed enhanced antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis and staphylococcus aureus with their ability to impair the consistency of the cell membrane. In addition, the BNEH reported a 20% increase in antibiofilm activity than BNE. The findings demonstrate the possibility of using BNE and BNEH against different microbial pathogens such as potential anti microbial and anti biofilm agents. Further it could be tested for its topical delivery efficacy.

In Al/SiC composite, Al and SiC reacts and forms Al4C3at the interface according to the reaction 4A1 + 3SiC → Al4C3+ 3Si. Hence in the present work, the Al-4Si-1Mg/SiC is fabricated through stir casting process. The fabricated composite is also ultrasonically treated prior to superheating to induce the interfacial reaction. The as cast composite and the ultrasonic treated composite are superheated at 900°C and computer aided cooling curve analysis is performed in the composite for different time to quantify the extent of interfacial reaction and to study the solidification behaviour. The Si released as a by-product can alter the composition and solidification behaviour. The salt flux reclamation technique is employed to extract the interfacial reaction products from the composite. The reclaimed powders are subjected to X-ray diffraction analysis and confirmed the presence of Al4C3particles, which be used for grain refinement applications.

•Determination of excess properties of 2-ethoxyethanol with different substituted ketones•Discussion on intermolecular interactions at different composition and temperature•FTIR studies for equimolar mixtures to support the experimental parameters•Application of theoretical models to compare the calculated excess molar volume (VmE)

The measurements of experimental densities (ρ) and speeds of sound (u) of binary mixtures of 1, 2, 4-trichlorobenzene (1,2,4-TCB) with alkyl acetates namely methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, butyl acetate and pentyl acetate have been done over the entire composition range at four different temperatures (T = 303.15, 308.15, 313.15 and 318.15 K) and pressure (P = 0.1 MPa). The intermolecular interactions present in these mixtures were briefly explained through the calculated excess molar volume (VmE), excess isentropic compressibility (κSE) and excess speeds of sound (uE). The ideal and excess parameters were correlated with Redlich-Kister polynomial equation. Different theoretical models such as PFP theory, CFT and FLT have been used to analyze the experimental results of VmEand uvalues respectively. The strength of intermolecular interactions between the component molecules have been confirmed using the excess properties and the results were further analyzed with FT-IR spectroscopic technique.

We demonstrated a simple way of evaluating the duty cycle error in periodically polled lithium niobate(PPLN) based on the method of binary phase diffraction grating. To demonstrate this method, -Z face etched PPLN of desired periods were fabricated by the standard electric field poling technique. The etched PPLN was considered as a surface-relief binary phase grating. The diffraction patterns were recorded for different spatial locations along the length of the sample. The experimentally observed efficiencies of the diffracted orders were compared with the theoretically calculated values to estimate the duty cycle error.

Spectral and structural studies of N,N′dimethylN,N′bispyridin2ylmethyl1,2diaminoethane L1, N,N′dimethylN,N′bispyridin2ylmethyl1,3diaminopropane L2, and their copperII complexes were carried out by spectroscopic and DFT methods. The DFT results show that conventional and nonconventional Hbonds present in L1and L2influence the NMR chemical shifts at different pH values, which thus suggests that the protonation sites at the pyridyl and tertiary nitrogen atoms of the ligands change the chemical environment of the adjacent carbon atoms; this observation is consistent with 13C NMR spectra recorded at different pH values. Furthermore, for their copper complexes, two possible geometrical isomers cisand trans are obtained; for example, cis[CuL1]2+, where both NCH3groups are oriented in the same plane, is in equilibrium with its transisomer and, as a result, a small energy difference 0.9 kcal mol–1 appears. In contrast, trans[CuL2]2+does not equilibrate with the cisisomer, because there is a greater energy difference ΔE= 3.9 kcal mol–1 between the two isomers. Indeed, when [CuL1]2+with two perchlorate ions was optimized, it was found that although only cis[CuL1]2+was able to accommodate a perchlorate ion in the axial position of the square pyramidal geometry by stabilizing the structure with two cisNCH3groups through Hbonds, the transisomer was unable to retain the perchlorate ion in the coordination sphere, because the NCH3groups were in the transposition; this disfavors the presence of the perchlorate ion in the sphere, because of the absence of Hbonds. This is consistent with the Xray structure, in which cis[CuL1ClO4]+is resolved, whereas the transisomer is not. © WileyVCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008

The corrosion inhibition properties of 2-methylimidazoline (MIMD) and N-methyl-2-methylimidazoline (MMIMD) were studied by density functional theory (DFT) and electrochemical methods. The interaction of imidazoline molecules with the iron atoms was studied by DFT as a model for a corrosion inhibition process. DFT results explain why the imidazoline moieties favor the perpendicular adsorption, while their protonated species adsorb in parallel position over the metal surface. The electrochemical results show that although both perform as good inhibitors, MMIMD is better than MIMD because the former contains a methyl substituent in the ring which facilitates a strong adsorption on the metal surface. Furthermore, the delocalization (N1C2N3) region of the compounds that are involved in the corrosion inhibition process was analyzed by theoretical calculation, showing that the higher occupied molecular orbitals of the compounds have adequate symmetry to interact with the lower unoccupied molecular orbital of the metal. This theoretical prediction is in good agreement with the electrochemical results that MMIMD has a greater effect on corrosion inhibition than MIMD, because the methyl group in the imidazoline ring considerably increases the formation of the inhibitor film over the metallic surface and as a result a low Gibbs free energy value was obtained for the MMIMD film.

In this work the effect of air plasmas on wettability of Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) was studied. These polymers are widely used materials in the fabrication of microfluidic devices. The microfluidic system fabricated from native PET and PDMS requires active pumping mechanism, due to a low hydrophilic surface behavior. To render hydrophilic and increase the capillary flow into the device, plasma treatments can be used. Air plasma treatment is an interesting technology for microfluidic fields due to simplicity of use and low cost. This study describes the effect of the working plasma pressure on wettability of polymers. The polymers were treated by RF plasma and the wettability was studied by means of sessile contact angle. The results established that the air plasma can increase the wettability of both polymers. Moreover we demonstrated that by optimizing the working pressure a superhydrophilic surface (with a contact angle less than 5°) can be obtained. The findings suggest that air plasma treatments are a suitable technology to enhance polymers surface wetting performance for microfluidic devices.

Survival of antigen-experienced T cells is essential for the generation of adaptive immune responses. Here, we show that the genetic and antibody-mediated inactivation of CD152 (cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4) in T helper (Th) effector cells reduced the frequency of nonapoptotic cells in a completely Fas/Fas ligand (FasL)–dependent manner. CD152 cross-linking together with stimulation of CD3 and CD28 on activated Th2 cells prevented activation-induced cell death (AICD) as a result of reduced Fas and FasL expression. Apoptosis protection conferred by CD152 correlated with the up-regulation of Bcl-2 and was mediated by phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase, which prevented FasL expression through the inhibitory phosphorylation of Forkhead transcription factor FKHRL1. We show that signals induced by CD152 act directly on activated T lymphocytes and, due to its differential surface expression on activated Th1 and Th2 cells, induce resistance to AICD mainly in Th2 cells.

We cloned a Tetrahymena thermophila gene, IFT52, encoding a homolog of the Chlamydomonas intraflagellar transport protein, IFT52. Disruption of IFT52 led to loss of cilia and incomplete cytokinesis, a phenotype indistinguishable from that of mutants lacking kinesin-II, a known ciliary assembly transporter. The cytokinesis failures seem to result from lack of cell movement rather than from direct involvement of ciliary assembly pathway components in cytokinesis. Spontaneous partial suppressors of the IFT52 null mutants occurred, which assembled cilia at high cell density and resorbed cilia at low cell density. The stimulating effect of high cell density on cilia formation is based on the creation of pericellular hypoxia. Thus, at least under certain conditions, ciliary assembly is affected by an extracellular signal and the Ift52p function may be integrated into signaling pathways that regulate ciliogenesis.

We cloned a Tetrahymena thermophilagene, IFT52, encoding a homolog of the Chlamydomonasintraflagellar transport protein, IFT52. Disruption of IFT52led to loss of cilia and incomplete cytokinesis, a phenotype indistinguishable from that of mutants lacking kinesin-II, a known ciliary assembly transporter. The cytokinesis failures seem to result from lack of cell movement rather than from direct involvement of ciliary assembly pathway components in cytokinesis. Spontaneous partial suppressors of the IFT52null mutants occurred, which assembled cilia at high cell density and resorbed cilia at low cell density. The stimulating effect of high cell density on cilia formation is based on the creation of pericellular hypoxia. Thus, at least under certain conditions, ciliary assembly is affected by an extracellular signal and the Ift52p function may be integrated into signaling pathways that regulate ciliogenesis.

The medical management of male infertility has a precise role to play. Inappropriate use of drugs, apart from not promoting fertility, may actually predispose to infertility. Gonadotoxic or gametotoxic drugs should be avoided if possible. If potentially toxic drugs are used for a medical condition, suitable, less or non-toxic alternatives should be used. Where medical management is not possible, instead of wasting time and money on expensive unproven therapies, early recourse to assisted reproduction must be sought.

Recent studies on the etiology and the cytogenetics of trophoblastic tumors suggest that hydatidiform mole and choriocarcinoma may be conditions with no causal relationship. With the advent of newer diagnostic methods which aid in the early diagnosis of pregnancy and help to differentiate it from abnormal pregnancy together with the increasing concern over the safety of use of the contraceptive measures following a hydatidiform mole, it is suggested that a period of postmolar contraception may no longer be necessary. The followup of these patients should include serial sonography in association with other currently available methods. Pregnancy should also be allowed to occur naturally if the patient so desires.

Detailed medical and clinical examinations were carried out on 1608 men attending an infertility clinic to determine if any of those exhibiting abnormal semenograms also had any other readily identifiable clinical condition. In all, 1210 men showed abnormal semenograms according to World Health Organization criteria. Karyotyping of the white blood cells in these 1210 men revealed 44 (3.6%) individuals with either autosomal or sex chromosomal aberrations. However, no single characteristic feature of their semenogram or clinical condition was of any diagnostic value to predict the existence of a chromosomal anomaly.

To determine the effect of mucosal sodium and mucosal ouabain on active Rb+(K+) absorption, unidirectional and net 86Rb+fluxes were measured under voltage-clamp conditions in the distal colon of normal and sodium-depleted rats. The role of mucosal sodium (independent of serosal sodium) was evaluated in a model of Rb+(K+) absorption in which serosal ouabain markedly enhanced active Rb+(K+) absorption. In normal rats, mucosal sodium was a competitive inhibitor of Rb+(K+) absorption, and Rb+(K+) absorption consisted of a mucosal sodium-sensitive component and a mucosal sodium-insensitive component. Further, mucosal ouabain almost completely inhibited the mucosal sodium-insensitive component but did not affect the mucosal sodium-sensitive component. In sodium-depleted rats, both mucosal sodium-sensitive and mucosal sodium-insensitive fractions of Rb+(K+) absorption were also identified. Aldosterone markedly stimulated the mucosal sodium-sensitive component (1.68 ± 0.15 vs. 0.60 ± 0.10 μEq · h−1· cm−2) but not the sodium-insensitive component (0.88 ± 0.09 vs. 0.64 ± 0.06 μEq · h−1· cm−2) component of Rb+(K+) absorption; however, in contrast to normal animals, mucosal sodium in sodium-depleted animals was a noncompetitive inhibitor of Rb+(K+) absorption. The mucosal sodium-insensitive component of Rb+(K+) absorption in sodium-depleted animals was substantially inhibited by mucosal ouabain, but the mucosal sodium-sensitive component, unlike that in normal animals, was partially inhibited by mucosal ouabain. These studies indicate that the characteristics of the Rb+(K+) absorptive process in sodium-depleted animals differ significantly from those present in normal animals, suggesting that aldosterone induces an Rb+(K+) absorptive mechanism not present in normal animals.

In this paper, a new analysis technique in the study of dynamical systems with periodically varying parameters is presented. The method is based on the fact that all linear periodic systems can be replaced by similar linear time-invariant systems through a suitable periodic transformation known as the Liapunov-Floquet (L-F) transformation. A general technique for the computation of the L-F transformation matrices is suggested. In this procedure, the state vector and the periodic matrix of the linear system equations are expanded in terms of the shifted Chebyshev polynomials over the principal period. Such an expansion reduces the original differential problem to a set of linear algebraic equations from which the state transition matrix (STM) can be constructed over the period in closed form. Application of Floquet theory and eigenanalysis to the resulting STM yields the L-F transformation matrix in a form suitable for algebraic manipulations. The utility of the L-F transformation in obtaining solutions of both linear and nonlinear dynamical systems with periodic coefficients is demonstrated. It is shown that the application of L-F transformation to free and harmonically forced linear periodic systems directly provides the conditions for internal and combination resonances and external resonances, respectively. The application of L-F transformation to quasilinear periodic systems provides a dynamically similar quasilinear systems whose linear parts are time-invariant and the solutions of such systems can be obtained through an application of the time dependent normal form theory. These solutions can be transformed back to the original coordinates using the inverse L-F transformation. Two dynamical systems, namely, a commutative system and a Mathieu type equation are considered to demonstrate the effectiveness of the method. It is shown that the present technique is virtually free from the small parameter restriction unlike averaging and perturbation procedures and can be used even for those systems for which the generating solutions do not exist in the classical sense. The results obtained from the proposed technique are compared with those obtained via the perturbation method and numerical solutions computed using a Runge-Kutta type algorithm.

Klinefelter's syndrome is the most common genetic disorder in which there is at least one extra X chromosome. Males normally have an X chromosome and a Y chromosome (XY). But males who have Klinefelter syndrome have an extra X chromosome (XXY), giving them a total of 47 instead of the normal 46 chromosomes. Sex chromosome abnormalities are more frequently associated with male infertility. The prevalence of XXYs has risen from 1.09 to 1.72 per 1 000 male births. A patient attended to fertility and genetic clinic, during the clinical diagnosis we found the following complaints of loss of secondary sexual characteristics and infertility. Physical examination revealed breast development, thin built, small size testes, and absence of beard and pubic hairs. Karyotype and biochemical analysis were performed to detect chromosomal abnormality as well as hormonal level to confirm the diagnosis of Klinefelter's syndrome. Chromosomal analysis of the peripheral blood lymphocytes demonstrated the constitutional karyotype of 47, XXY. Using karyotype the presence of extra X chromosome was confirmed, supporting the cytogenetic finding. The 47, XXY syndrome is relatively uncommon and can be missed clinically because of its variable clinical presentations. Accurate diagnosis of this constitutional karyotype provides a valuable aid in the counselling and early management of the patients who undertake fertility evaluation.

Densities (ρ) and speeds of sound (u) were measured over the entire mole fraction range for the binary mixtures of aniline with butyl acetate (BA), iso-butyl acetate (IBA), tert-butyl acetate (TBA) and butyl acrylate (BAc) at T = (303.15-318.15) K. These data were used to compute excess molar volume (VmE), excess isentropic compressibility (κSE) and excess speed of sound (uE) for investigating the different types of intermolecular interactions present in the mixtures. These parameters have been correlated with Redlich-Kister equation. Further, the uand VmEvalues have been analyzed with different theoretical models. The molecular structure and polarity of the ester molecule along with the nature and bulkiness of its alkyl group found to affect the magnitude of investigated excess thermodynamic properties of the binary systems. FTIR spectral analysis of these mixtures was used to understand the interactions between component molecules and to correlate them with the thermodynamic findings.

Given that mining is considered to be an essential activity for Mexico's industrial development, cyanide has been increasingly used to recover precious metals such as gold and silver. Along with that arises the need to develop new technologies to treat the wastes (mining tailings). In addition to their high cyanide content, metal and other contaminants that are found in tailings also present a problem. As a result, conventional (physicochemical) strategies have been developed to reduce contamination from tailings, nonetheless, these have high operating costs and generate unwanted by-products. For this reason, studies have begun to focus on non-conventional strategies to treat free cyanide and cyanide complexes such as fungi, bacterial consortia, and pure bacteria. These are important because of the mechanisms involved in degrading or modifying contaminants at neutral to high pH levels, which convert contaminants into non-hazardous products. The ability of microorganisms to grow at an alkaline pH prevents HCN volatilization. These studies have been performed at the laboratory level using two types of microbial binding: suspended biomass and immobilized biomass. They have used both natural (granite rock, citrus peels, cellulose, gravel) and synthetic (stainless steel, geotextiles, alginate, plastics) packing material, as well as reactors with different types of flow, namely, batch and continuous.

Wireless ad hoc networks are highly used in the current network environment in spite of its effectiveness, reliable, minimum cost utilization, and non‐static infrastructure. To achieve the Quality of Service (QoS) in the wireless ad hoc network, resources in the network should be used properly. Here the QoS to be ensured is edge to edge latency, uneasiness, and packet loss. During information passing in a multi‐hop edge to edge interaction, the nodes in between the sender and receiver may intrude or monitor or listen to the information without the consent of the sender and receiver. To overcome these disadvantages, an assured and flexible information transmission should take place between the sender and receiver. In this regard, an optimal model called CQASS has been proposed to attain better performance by assuring the edge to edge interaction in wireless ad hoc networks. The edge to edge interaction is assured and protected by authentication. An optimistic connection identity from the pool of delivery connection is used to maintain the QoS. Flexible symmetric encryption using the secret key is implemented for node communication. The proposed model CQASS will not allow any malevolent nodes to interact with the legal in between nodes for the information transmission even the proposed will not allow the malevolent nodes to enter the legal path between the sender and receiver. The proposed model results are compared with the existing systems and the proposed model increases the performance of the network through resulting in reduced packet lose, handling of uneasiness and minimizes the latency in edge to edge communication. Optimal key generation, better ciphering, minimized pricing, and effective storage and interaction are other features of the proposed model. Proposed approach Performance of Destination Sequence Distance Vector (Edge to Edge Latency, uneasiness, packet loss).

Densities and speed of sound have been reported for the binary mixtures containing benzyl amine and cyclic ethers (1,3-dioxolane, 1,4-dioxane, THF, 2-MTHF) at three different temperatures (T = 303.15 K, 308.15 K and 313.15 K) and at atmospheric pressure. The experimental data of densities and speed of sound has been further utilised to calculate excess molar volume (VmE) and excess molar isentropic compression (KS.mE). The excess properties have been fitted to Redlich–Kister equation. Further, theoretical results have also been discussed by using Prigogine–Flory–Patterson (PFP) theory, Intermolecular free length theory (FLT) and collision frequency theory (CFT). FTIR studies have also been added to justify the results.

Densities (ρ) and speed of sound (u) have been reported for the binary mixtures containing 1, 3- dichlorobenzene (1, 3-DCB) with methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, butyl acetate and pentyl acetate at four different temperatures (T = 303.15, 308.15, 313.15 and 318.15 K) and at atmospheric pressure. The experimental data of densities and speeds of sound has been further utilized to calculate excess molar volume (VmE) and excess isentropic compressibility (κSE) the excess properties have been fitted to Redlich-Kister equation. Further, VmEresults have also been discussed by using Prigogine–Flory–Patterson (PFP). The experimental speeds of sound data in the present investigated mixtures were compared with various theoretical models like collision factor theory (CFT) and free length theory (FLT) to check their relative merits of pure component properties. Moreover, the experimental excess functions were correlated in terms of FTIR spectral analysis.

The structurally different bismaleimides (BMIs) such as 4,4’-bismaleimidodiphenyl ether (BMIE), 4,4’-bismaleimidodiphenyl sulphone (BMIS) and 4,4’-bismaleimidodiphenyl methane (BMIM) were synthesized. The materials graphite (G), graphene oxide (GO) and washed graphene oxide (WGO) particles are separately blended (3% w/w) with BMIs and thermally polymerized under appropriate conditions. The effects of the presence of the nanoparticles in BMIs were investigated using Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). The DSC results show that the blended nanoparticles alter both the cure exotherm and the enthalpy of curing of the BMIs. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was employed to understand the thermal stability of the cured pure BMIs and their blends with nanoparticles. The presence of the nanoparticles in the crosslinked BMIE matrix shifts the onset of the thermal degradation temperature to higher temperature region (around 15 °C). Among all the materials investigated, the nanoparticles incorporated BMIS increases the char residue. This is due to the efficiency of the physical dispersion and the possible chemical interactions shown by nanoparticles in the cured bismaleimides. The SEM results reveal that the debris of GO are removed by the base washing of GO and the incorporated nanoparticles are well dispersed in the cured BMIM.

•Graphite felt activated by thermal as well as plasma treatment•Increase in surface area as well as functional group increases the performance of zinc-bromine flow battery•Performance of the flow battery is dictated by the interaction of polybromide phase with the oxygen functional groups•High amount of oxygen functional groups is beneficial especially for high current density cycling

In this paper, we reported the densities (ρ) and speeds of sound (u) for the binary mixtures containing furfural (FA) and alkyl esters (methyl acetate (MA), ethyl acetate (EA), propyl acetate (PA), butyl acetate (BA) and amyl acetate (AA) at four temperatures (T = 303.15, 308.15, 313.15 and 318.15 K) and at atmospheric pressure. These experimental results have been further used to calculate excess molar volume (VmE) and excess molar isentropic compressibility (KSE), excess intermolecular free length (LfE) and excess acoustic impedance (uE) have also been calculated to support the experimental results. The excess properties have been fitted to Redlich-Kister equation. Further, theoretical results have also been discussed by using Prigogine–Flory–Patterson (PFP) theory, Intermolecular free length theory and collision frequency theory. From the interpretation of excess properties, the existence of specific interactions and interactions due to formation of hydrogen bonding between the unlike molecules has been revealed.

Densities and speeds of sound have been reported for the binary mixtures containing benzyl amine with methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, butyl acetate and amyl acetate at different temperatures (T = 303.15–313.15 K) and at atmospheric pressure. The experimental data were used to compute the isentropic compressibility (κS), intermolecular free lengths (Lf), excess molar volume (VmE), excess isentropic compressibility (κSE), excess inter molecular free lengths (LfE) and excess speeds of sound (uE). The positive and negative results of these parameters give an overall idea of existence of different types of intermolecular interactions present in the mixtures. The excess properties have been fitted to Redlich-Kister equation. Further, theoretical results have also been discussed by using Prigogine–Flory–Patterson (PFP) theory, Intermolecular free length theory (FLT) and collision frequency theory (CFT). FTIR studies has also been added to confirm the experimental findings of the investigated mixtures.

Densities (ρ) and speeds of sound (u) were measured for the binary mixtures of monoethanolamine (MEA) with 2-methoxyethanol (ME), 2-ethoxyethanol (EE), 2-propoxyethanol (PE) and 2-butoxyethanol (BE) mixtures at temperatures 303.15, 308.15, 313.15 and 318.15 K over the entire composition range. These data were used to compute the isentropic compressibility (κS), excess molar volume (VmE) and excess isentropic compressibility (κSE). The values of VmEwere analyzed using Prigogine-Flory-Patterson (PFP) theory. The excess functions were fitted and correlated with Redlich–Kister and Hwang equations. The measured data were discussed in terms of intermolecular interactions between component molecules. The experimental speeds of sound data in the present investigated mixtures were compared with various theoretical models like collision factor theory (CFT) and free length theory (FLT) to check their relative merits of pure component properties. Moreover, the experimental excess functions were correlated in terms of FTIR spectral analysis.