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2,207 results on '"Meszaros, P."'

501. Search for Relativistic Magnetic Monopoles with IceCube

Author: IceCube Collaboration, Abbasi, R., Abdou, Y., Ackermann, M., Adams, J., Aguilar, J. A., Ahlers, M., Altmann, D., Andeen, K., Auffenberg, J., Bai, X., Baker, M., Barwick, S. W., Baum, V., Bay, R., Beattie, K., Beatty, J. J., Bechet, S., Tjus, J. Becker, Becker, K. -H., Bell, M., Benabderrahmane, M. L., BenZvi, S., Berdermann, J., Berghaus, P., Berley, D., Bernardini, E., Bertrand, D., Besson, D. Z., Bindig, D., Bissok, M., Blaufuss, E., Blumenthal, J., Boersma, D. J., Bohm, C., Bose, D., Böser, S., Botner, O., Brayeur, L., Brown, A. M., Bruijn, R., Brunner, J., Buitink, S., Carson, M., Casey, J., Casier, M., Chirkin, D., Christy, B., Clevermann, F., Cohen, S., Cowen, D. F., Silva, A. H. Cruz, Danninger, M., Daughhetee, J., Davis, J. C., De Clercq, C., Descamps, F., Desiati, P., de Vries-Uiterweerd, G., DeYoung, T., Díaz-Vélez, J. C., Dreyer, J., Dumm, J. P., Dunkman, M., Eagan, R., Eisch, J., Ellsworth, R. W., Engdegård, O., Euler, S., Evenson, P. A., Fadiran, O., Fazely, A. R., Fedynitch, A., Feintzeig, J., Feusels, T., Filimonov, K., Finley, C., Fischer-Wasels, T., Flis, S., Franckowiak, A., Franke, R., Frantzen, K., Fuchs, T., Gaisser, T. K., Gallagher, J., Gerhardt, L., Gladstone, L., Glüsenkamp, T., Goldschmidt, A., Goodman, J. A., Góra, D., Grant, D., Groß, A., Grullon, S., Gurtner, M., Ha, C., Ismail, A. Haj, Hallgren, A., Halzen, F., Hanson, K., Heereman, D., Heimann, P., Heinen, D., Helbing, K., Hellauer, R., Hickford, S., Hill, G. C., Hoffman, K. D., Hoffmann, R., Homeier, A., Hoshina, K., Huelsnitz, W., Hulth, P. O., Hultqvist, K., Hussain, S., Ishihara, A., Jacobi, E., Jacobsen, J., Japaridze, G. S., Jlelati, O., Kappes, A., Karg, T., Karle, A., Kiryluk, J., Kislat, F., Kläs, J., Klein, S. R., Köhne, J. -H., Kohnen, G., Kolanoski, H., Köpke, L., Kopper, C., Kopper, S., Koskinen, D. J., Kowalski, M., Krasberg, M., Kroll, G., Kunnen, J., Kurahashi, N., Kuwabara, T., Labare, M., Laihem, K., Landsman, H., Larson, M. J., Lauer, R., Lesiak-Bzdak, M., Lünemann, J., Madsen, J., Maruyama, R., Mase, K., Matis, H. S., McNally, F., Meagher, K., Merck, M., Mészáros, P., Meures, T., Miarecki, S., Middell, E., Milke, N., Miller, J., Mohrmann, L., Montaruli, T., Morse, R., Movit, S. M., Nahnhauer, R., Naumann, U., Nowicki, S. C., Nygren, D. R., Obertacke, A., Odrowski, S., Olivas, A., Olivo, M., O'Murchadha, A., Panknin, S., Paul, L., Pepper, J. A., Heros, C. Pérez de los, Pieloth, D., Pirk, N., Posselt, J., Price, P. B., Przybylski, G. T., Rädel, L., Rawlins, K., Redl, P., Resconi, E., Rhode, W., Ribordy, M., Richman, M., Riedel, B., Rodrigues, J. P., Rothmaier, F., Rott, C., Ruhe, T., Ruzybayev, B., Ryckbosch, D., Saba, S. M., Salameh, T., Sander, H. -G., Santander, M., Sarkar, S., Schatto, K., Scheel, M., Scheriau, F., Schmidt, T., Schmitz, M., Schoenen, S., Schöneberg, S., Schönherr, L., Schönwald, A., Schukraft, A., Schulte, L., Schulz, O., Seckel, D., Seo, S. H., Sestayo, Y., Seunarine, S., Smith, M. W. E., Soiron, M., Soldin, D., Spiczak, G. M., Spiering, C., Stamatikos, M., Stanev, T., Stasik, A., Stezelberger, T., Stokstad, R. G., Stößl, A., Strahler, E. A., Ström, R., Sullivan, G. W., Taavola, H., Taboada, I., Tamburro, A., Ter-Antonyan, S., Tilav, S., Toale, P. A., Toscano, S., Usner, M., van der Drift, D., van Eijndhoven, N., Van Overloop, A., van Santen, J., Vehring, M., Voge, M., Walck, C., Waldenmaier, T., Wallraff, M., Walter, M., Wasserman, R., Weaver, Ch., Wendt, C., Westerhoff, S., Whitehorn, N., Wiebe, K., Wiebusch, C. H., Williams, D. R., Wissing, H., Wolf, M., Wood, T. R., Woschnagg, K., Xu, C., Xu, D. L., Xu, X. W., Yanez, J. P., Yodh, G., Yoshida, S., Zarzhitsky, P., Ziemann, J., Zilles, A., and Zoll, M.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: We present the first results in the search for relativistic magnetic monopoles with the IceCube detector, a subsurface neutrino telescope located in the South Polar ice cap containing a volume of 1 km$^{3}$. This analysis searches data taken on the partially completed detector during 2007 when roughly 0.2 km$^{3}$ of ice was instrumented. The lack of candidate events leads to an upper limit on the flux of relativistic magnetic monopoles of $\Phi_{\mathrm{90%C.L.}}\sim 3\e{-18}\fluxunits$ for $\beta\geq0.8$. This is a factor of 4 improvement over the previous best experimental flux limits up to a Lorentz boost $\gamma$ below $10^{7}$. This result is then interpreted for a wide range of mass and kinetic energy values., Comment: 11 pages, 11 figures. v2 is minor text edits, no changes to result
Published: 2012
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502. An improved method for measuring muon energy using the truncated mean of dE/dx

Author: IceCube collaboration, Abbasi, R., Abdou, Y., Ackermann, M., Adams, J., Aguilar, J. A., Ahlers, M., Altmann, D., Andeen, K., Auffenberg, J., Bai, X., Baker, M., Barwick, S. W., Baum, V., Bay, R., Beattie, K., Beatty, J. J., Bechet, S., Tjus, J. Becker, Becker, K. -H., Bell, M., Benabderrahmane, M. L., BenZvi, S., Berdermann, J., Berghaus, P., Berley, D., Bernardini, E., Bertrand, D., Besson, D. Z., Bindig, D., Bissok, M., Blaufuss, E., Blumenthal, J., Boersma, D. J., Bohm, C., Bose, D., Böser, S., Botner, O., Brayeur, L., Brown, A. M., Bruijn, R., Brunner, J., Buitink, S., Carson, M., Casey, J., Casier, M., Chirkin, D., Christy, B., Clevermann, F., Cohen, S., Cowen, D. F., Silva, A. H. Cruz, Danninger, M., Daughhetee, J., Davis, J. C., De Clercq, C., Descamps, F., Desiati, P., de Vries-Uiterweerd, G., DeYoung, T., Díaz-Vélez, J. C., Dreyer, J., Dumm, J. P., Dunkman, M., Eagan, R., Eisch, J., Elliott, C., Ellsworth, R. W., Engdegård, O., Euler, S., Evenson, P. A., Fadiran, O., Fazely, A. R., Fedynitch, A., Feintzeig, J., Feusels, T., Filimonov, K., Finley, C., Fischer-Wasels, T., Flis, S., Franckowiak, A., Franke, R., Frantzen, K., Fuchs, T., Gaisser, T. K., Gallagher, J., Gerhardt, L., Gladstone, L., Glüsenkamp, T., Goldschmidt, A., Goodman, J. A., Góra, D., Grant, D., Groß, A., Grullon, S., Gurtner, M., Ha, C., Ismail, A. Haj, Hallgren, A., Halzen, F., Hanson, K., Heereman, D., Heimann, P., Heinen, D., Helbing, K., Hellauer, R., Hickford, S., Hill, G. C., Hoffman, K. D., Hoffmann, R., Homeier, A., Hoshina, K., Huelsnitz, W., Hulth, P. O., Hultqvist, K., Hussain, S., Ishihara, A., Jacobi, E., Jacobsen, J., Japaridze, G. S., Jlelati, O., Kappes, A., Karg, T., Karle, A., Kiryluk, J., Kislat, F., Kläs, J., Klein, S. R., Klepser, S., Köhne, J. -H., Kohnen, G., Kolanoski, H., Köpke, L., Kopper, C., Kopper, S., Koskinen, D. J., Kowalski, M., Krasberg, M., Kroll, G., Kunnen, J., Kurahashi, N., Kuwabara, T., Labare, M., Laihem, K., Landsman, H., Larson, M. J., Lauer, R., Lesiak-Bzdak, M., Lünemann, J., Madsen, J., Maruyama, R., Mase, K., Matis, H. S., McDermott, A., McNally, F., Meagher, K., Merck, M., Mészáros, P., Meures, T., Miarecki, S., Middell, E., Milke, N., Miller, J., Mohrmann, L., Montaruli, T., Morse, R., Movit, S. M., Nahnhauer, R., Naumann, U., Nießen, P., Nowicki, S. C., Nygren, D. R., Obertacke, A., Odrowski, S., Olivas, A., Olivo, M., O'Murchadha, A., Panknin, S., Paul, L., Pepper, J. A., Heros, C. Pérez de los, Pieloth, D., Pirk, N., Posselt, J., Price, P. B., Przybylski, G. T., Rädel, L., Rawlins, K., Redl, P., Resconi, E., Rhode, W., Ribordy, M., Richman, M., Riedel, B., Rodrigues, J. P., Roth, J., Rothmaier, F., Rott, C., Roucelle, C., Ruhe, T., Ruzybayev, B., Ryckbosch, D., Saba, S. M., Salameh, T., Sander, H. -G., Santander, M., Sarkar, S., Schatto, K., Scheel, M., Scheriau, F., Schmidt, T., Schmitz, M., Schoenen, S., Schöneberg, S., Schönherr, L., Schönwald, A., Schukraft, A., Schulte, L., Schulz, O., Seckel, D., Seo, S. H., Sestayo, Y., Seunarine, S., Shulman, L., Smith, M. W. E., Soiron, M., Soldin, D., Spiczak, G. M., Spiering, C., Stamatikos, M., Stanev, T., Stasik, A., Stezelberger, T., Stokstad, R. G., Stößl, A., Stoyanov, S., Strahler, E. A., Ström, R., Sulanke, K-H., Sullivan, G. W., Taavola, H., Taboada, I., Tamburro, A., Ter-Antonyan, S., Tilav, S., Toale, P. A., Toscano, S., Usner, M., van der Drift, D., van Eijndhoven, N., Van Overloop, A., van Santen, J., Vehring, M., Voge, M., Walck, C., Waldenmaier, T., Wallraff, M., Walter, M., Wasserman, R., Weaver, Ch., Wendt, C., Westerhoff, S., Whitehorn, N., Wiebe, K., Wiebusch, C. H., Williams, D. R., Wissing, H., Wolf, M., Wood, T. R., Woschnagg, K., Xu, C., Xu, D. L., Xu, X. W., Yanez, J. P., Yodh, G., Yoshida, S., Zarzhitsky, P., Ziemann, J., Zilles, A., and Zoll, M.
Subjects: Physics - Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract: The measurement of muon energy is critical for many analyses in large Cherenkov detectors, particularly those that involve separating extraterrestrial neutrinos from the atmospheric neutrino background. Muon energy has traditionally been determined by measuring the specific energy loss (dE/dx) along the muon's path and relating the dE/dx to the muon energy. Because high-energy muons (E_mu > 1 TeV) lose energy randomly, the spread in dE/dx values is quite large, leading to a typical energy resolution of 0.29 in log10(E_mu) for a muon observed over a 1 km path length in the IceCube detector. In this paper, we present an improved method that uses a truncated mean and other techniques to determine the muon energy. The muon track is divided into separate segments with individual dE/dx values. The elimination of segments with the highest dE/dx results in an overall dE/dx that is more closely correlated to the muon energy. This method results in an energy resolution of 0.22 in log10(E_mu), which gives a 26% improvement. This technique is applicable to any large water or ice detector and potentially to large scintillator or liquid argon detectors., Comment: 12 pages, 16 figures
Published: 2012
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503. Lateral Distribution of Muons in IceCube Cosmic Ray Events

Author: IceCube Collaboration, Abbasi, R., Abdou, Y., Ackermann, M., Adams, J., Aguilar, J. A., Ahlers, M., Altmann, D., Andeen, K., Auffenberg, J., Bai, X., Baker, M., Barwick, S. W., Baum, V., Bay, R., Beattie, K., Beatty, J. J., Bechet, S., Tjus, J. Becker, Becker, K. -H., Bell, M., Benabderrahmane, M. L., BenZvi, S., Berdermann, J., Berghaus, P., Berley, D., Bernardini, E., Bertrand, D., Besson, D. Z., Bindig, D., Bissok, M., Blaufuss, E., Blumenthal, J., Boersma, D. J., Bohm, C., Bose, D., Böser, S., Botner, O., Brayeur, L., Brown, A. M., Bruijn, R., Brunner, J., Buitink, S., Carson, M., Casey, J., Casier, M., Chirkin, D., Christy, B., Clevermann, F., Cohen, S., Cowen, D. F., Silva, A. H. Cruz, Danninger, M., Daughhetee, J., Davis, J. C., De Clercq, C., Descamps, F., Desiati, P., de Vries-Uiterweerd, G., DeYoung, T., Díaz-Vélez, J. C., Dreyer, J., Dumm, J. P., Dunkman, M., Eagan, R., Eisch, J., Elliott, C., Ellsworth, R. W., Engdegård, O., Euler, S., Evenson, P. A., Fadiran, O., Fazely, A. R., Fedynitch, A., Feintzeig, J., Feusels, T., Filimonov, K., Finley, C., Fischer-Wasels, T., Flis, S., Franckowiak, A., Franke, R., Frantzen, K., Fuchs, T., Gaisser, T. K., Gallagher, J., Gerhardt, L., Gladstone, L., Glüsenkamp, T., Goldschmidt, A., Goodman, J. A., Góra, D., Grant, D., Groß, A., Grullon, S., Gurtner, M., Ha, C., Ismail, A. Haj, Hallgren, A., Halzen, F., Hanson, K., Heereman, D., Heimann, P., Heinen, D., Helbing, K., Hellauer, R., Hickford, S., Hill, G. C., Hoffman, K. D., Hoffmann, R., Homeier, A., Hoshina, K., Huelsnitz, W., Hulth, P. O., Hultqvist, K., Hussain, S., Ishihara, A., Jacobi, E., Jacobsen, J., Japaridze, G. S., Jlelati, O., Kappes, A., Karg, T., Karle, A., Kiryluk, J., Kislat, F., Kläs, J., Klein, S. R., Klepser, S., Köhne, J. -H., Kohnen, G., Kolanoski, H., Köpke, L., Kopper, C., Kopper, S., Koskinen, D. J., Kowalski, M., Krasberg, M., Kroll, G., Kunnen, J., Kurahashi, N., Kuwabara, T., Labare, M., Laihem, K., Landsman, H., Larson, M. J., Lauer, R., Lesiak-Bzdak, M., Lünemann, J., Madsen, J., Maruyama, R., Mase, K., Matis, H. S., McDermott, A., McNally, F., Meagher, K., Merck, M., Mészáros, P., Meures, T., Miarecki, S., Middell, E., Milke, N., Miller, J., Mohrmann, L., Montaruli, T., Morse, R., Movit, S. M., Nahnhauer, R., Naumann, U., Nießen, P., Nowicki, S. C., Nygren, D. R., Obertacke, A., Odrowski, S., Olivas, A., Olivo, M., O'Murchadha, A., Panknin, S., Paul, L., Pepper, J. A., Heros, C. Pérez de los, Pieloth, D., Pirk, N., Posselt, J., Price, P. B., Przybylski, G. T., Rädel, L., Rawlins, K., Redl, P., Resconi, E., Rhode, W., Ribordy, M., Richman, M., Riedel, B., Rodrigues, J. P., Roth, J., Rothmaier, F., Rott, C., Roucelle, C., Ruhe, T., Ruzybayev, B., Ryckbosch, D., Saba, S. M., Salameh, T., Sander, H. -G., Santander, M., Sarkar, S., Schatto, K., Scheel, M., Scheriau, F., Schmidt, T., Schmitz, M., Schoenen, S., Schöneberg, S., Schönherr, L., Schönwald, A., Schukraft, A., Schulte, L., Schulz, O., Seckel, D., Seo, S. H., Sestayo, Y., Seunarine, S., Shulman, L., Smith, M. W. E., Soiron, M., Soldin, D., Spiczak, G. M., Spiering, C., Stamatikos, M., Stanev, T., Stasik, A., Stezelberger, T., Stokstad, R. G., Stößl, A., Stoyanov, S., Strahler, E. A., Ström, R., Sulanke, K-H., Sullivan, G. W., Taavola, H., Taboada, I., Tamburro, A., Ter-Antonyan, S., Tilav, S., Toale, P. A., Toscano, S., Usner, M., van der Drift, D., van Eijndhoven, N., Van Overloop, A., van Santen, J., Vehring, M., Voge, M., Walck, C., Waldenmaier, T., Wallraff, M., Walter, M., Wasserman, R., Weaver, Ch., Wendt, C., Westerhoff, S., Whitehorn, N., Wiebe, K., Wiebusch, C. H., Williams, D. R., Wissing, H., Wolf, M., Wood, T. R., Woschnagg, K., Xu, C., Xu, D. L., Xu, X. W., Yanez, J. P., Yodh, G., Yoshida, S., Zarzhitsky, P., Ziemann, J., Zilles, A., and Zoll, M.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: In cosmic ray air showers, the muon lateral separation from the center of the shower is a measure of the transverse momentum that the muon parent acquired in the cosmic ray interaction. IceCube has observed cosmic ray interactions that produce muons laterally separated by up to 400 m from the shower core, a factor of 6 larger distance than previous measurements. These muons originate in high pT (> 2 GeV/c) interactions from the incident cosmic ray, or high-energy secondary interactions. The separation distribution shows a transition to a power law at large values, indicating the presence of a hard pT component that can be described by perturbative quantum chromodynamics. However, the rates and the zenith angle distributions of these events are not well reproduced with the cosmic ray models tested here, even those that include charm interactions. This discrepancy may be explained by a larger fraction of kaons and charmed particles than is currently incorporated in the simulations.
Published: 2012
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504. New ATLAS9 And MARCS Model Atmosphere Grids for the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE)

Author: Mészáros, Sz., Prieto, C. Allende, Edvardsson, B., Castelli, F., Pérez, A. E. García, Gustafsson, B., Majewski, S. R., Plez, B., Schiavon, R., Shetrone, M., and de Vicente, A.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract: We present a new grid of model photospheres for the SDSS-III/APOGEE survey of stellar populations of the Galaxy, calculated using the ATLAS9 and MARCS codes. New opacity distribution functions were generated to calculate ATLAS9 model photospheres. MARCS models were calculated based on opacity sampling techniques. The metallicity ([M/H]) spans from -5 to 1.5 for ATLAS and -2.5 to 0.5 for MARCS models. There are three main differences with respect to previous ATLAS9 model grids: a new corrected H2O linelist, a wide range of carbon ([C/M]) and alpha element [alpha/M] variations, and solar reference abundances from Asplund et al. 2005. The added range of varying carbon and alpha element abundances also extends the previously calculated MARCS model grids. Altogether 1980 chemical compositions were used for the ATLAS9 grid, and 175 for the MARCS grid. Over 808 thousand ATLAS9 models were computed spanning temperatures from 3500K to 30000K and log g from 0 to 5, where larger temperatures only have high gravities. The MARCS models span from 3500K to 5500K, and log g from 0 to 5. All model atmospheres are publically available online., Comment: 8 pages, 6 figures, 5 tables, accepted for publication in The Astronomical Journal
Published: 2012
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505. The extremely high peak energy of GRB 110721A in the context of a dissipative photosphere synchrotron emission model

Author: Veres, Péter, Zhang, Bin-Bin, and Mészáros, Péter
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: The Fermi observations of GRB 110721A (Axelsson et al. 2012) have revealed an unusually high peak energy ~ 15 MeV in the first time bin of the prompt emission. We find that an interpretation is unlikely in terms of internal shock models, and confirm that a standard black-body photospheric model also falls short. We show that dissipative photospheric synchrotron models ranging from extreme magnetically dominated to baryon dominated dynamics, on the other hand, are able to accommodate such high peak values., Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures - updated - accepted in ApJL
Published: 2012
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506. Flow polytopes of signed graphs and the Kostant partition function

Author: Meszaros, Karola and Morales, Alejandro H.
Subjects: Mathematics - Combinatorics
Abstract: We establish the relationship between volumes of flow polytopes associated to signed graphs and the Kostant partition function. A special case of this relationship, namely, when the graphs are signless, has been studied in detail by Baldoni and Vergne using techniques of residues. In contrast with their approach, we provide entirely combinatorial proofs inspired by the work of Postnikov and Stanley on flow polytopes. As a fascinating special family of flow polytopes, we study the Chan-Robbins-Yuen polytopes. Motivated by the beautiful volume formula $\prod_{k=1}^{n-2} Cat(k)$ for the type $A_n$ version, where $Cat(k)$ is the $k$th Catalan number, we introduce type $C_{n+1}$ and $D_{n+1}$ Chan-Robbins-Yuen polytopes along with intriguing conjectures pertaining to their properties., Comment: 29 pages, 13 figures
Published: 2012
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507. The Ninth Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey: First Spectroscopic Data from the SDSS-III Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey

Author: Collaboration, SDSS-III, Ahn, Christopher P., Alexandroff, Rachael, Prieto, Carlos Allende, Anderson, Scott F., Anderton, Timothy, Andrews, Brett H., Bailey, Éric Aubourg Stephen, Barnes, Rory, Bautista, Julian, Beers, Timothy C., Beifiori, Alessandra, Berlind, Andreas A., Bhardwaj, Vaishali, Bizyaev, Dmitry, Blake, Cullen H., Blanton, Michael R., Blomqvist, Michael, Bochanski, John J., Bolton, Adam S., Borde, Arnaud, Bovy, Jo, Brandt, W. N., Brinkmann, J., Brown, Peter J., Brownstein, Joel R., Bundy, Kevin, Busca, N. G., Carithers, William, Carnero, Aurelio R., Carr, Michael A., Casetti-Dinescu, Dana I., Chen, Yanmei, Chiappini, Cristina, Comparat, Johan, Connolly, Natalia, Crepp, Justin R., Cristiani, Stefano, Croft, Rupert A. C., Cuesta, Antonio J., da Costa, Luiz N., Davenport, James R. A., Dawson, Kyle S., de Putter, Roland, De Lee, Nathan, Delubac, Timothée, Dhital, Saurav, Ealet, Anne, Ebelke, Garrett L., Edmondson, Edward M., Eisenstein, Daniel J., Escoffier, S., Esposito, Massimiliano, Evans, Michael L., Fan, Xiaohui, Castellá, Bruno Femení a, Alvar, Emma Fernández, Ferreira, Leticia D., Ak, N. Filiz, Finley, Hayley, Fleming, Scott W., Font-Ribera, Andreu, Frinchaboy, Peter M., García-Hernández, D. A., Pérez, A. E. García, Ge, Jian, Génova-Santos, R., Gillespie, Bruce A., Girardi, Léo, Hernández, Jonay I. González, Grebel, Eva K., Gunn, James E., Haggard, Daryl, Hamilton, Jean-Christophe, Harris, David W., Hawley, Suzanne L., Hearty, Frederick R., Ho, Shirley, Hogg, David W., Holtzman, Jon A., Honscheid, Klaus, Huehnerhoff, J., Ivans, Inese I., Ivezić, Zeljko, Jacobson, Heather R., Jiang, Linhua, Johansson, Jonas, Johnson, Jennifer A., Kauffmann, Guinevere, Kirkby, David, Kirkpatrick, Jessica A., Klaene, Mark A., Knapp, Gillian R., Kneib, Jean-Paul, Goff, Jean-Marc Le, Leauthaud, Alexie, Lee, Khee-Gan, Lee, Young Sun, Long, Daniel C., Loomis, Craig P., Lucatello, Sara, Lundgren, Britt, Lupton, Robert H., Ma, Bo, Ma, Zhibo, MacDonald, Nicholas, Mahadevan, Suvrath, Maia, Marcio A. G., Majewski, Steven R., Makler, Martin, Malanushenko, Elena, Malanushenko, Viktor, Manchado, A., Mandelbaum, Rachel, Manera, Marc, Maraston, Claudia, Margala, Daniel, Martell, Sarah L., McBride, Cameron K., McGreer, Ian D., McMahon, Richard G., Ménard, Brice, Meszaros, Sz., Miralda-Escudé, Jordi, Montero-Dorta, Antonio D., Montesano, Francesco, Morrison, Heather L., Muna, Demitri, Munn, Jeffrey A., Murayama, Hitoshi, Myers, Adam D., Neto, A. F., Nguyen, Duy Cuong, Nichol, Robert C., Nidever, David L., Noterdaeme, Pasquier, Ogando, Ricardo L. C., Olmstead, Matthew D., Oravetz, Daniel J., Owen, Russell, Padmanabhan, Nikhil, Palanque-Delabrouille, Nathalie, Pan, Kaike, Parejko, John K., Parihar, Prachi, Pâris, Isabelle, Pattarakijwanich, Petchara, Pepper, Joshua, Percival, Will J., Pérez-Fournon, Ismael, Pérez-Ráfols, Ignasi, Petitjean, Patrick, Pforr, Janine, Pieri, Matthew M., Pinsonneault, Marc H., de Mello, G. F. Porto, Prada, Francisco, Price-Whelan, Adrian M., Raddick, M. Jordan, Rebolo, Rafael, Rich, James, Richards, Gordon T., Robin, Annie C., Rocha-Pinto, Helio J., Rockosi, Constance M., Roe, Natalie A., Ross, Ashley J., Ross, Nicholas P., Rubiño-Martin, J. A., Samushia, Lado, Almeida, J. Sanchez, Sánchez, Ariel G., Santiago, Basílio, Sayres, Conor, Schlegel, David J., Schlesinger, Katharine J., Schmidt, Sarah J., Schneider, Donald P., Schwope, Axel D., Scóccola, C. G., Seljak, Uros, Sheldon, Erin, Shen, Yue, Shu, Yiping, Simmerer, Jennifer, Simmons, Audrey E., Skibba, Ramin A., Slosar, A., Sobreira, Flavia, Sobeck, Jennifer S., Stassun, Keivan G., Steele, Oliver, Steinmetz, Matthias, Strauss, Michael A., Swanson, Molly E. C., Tal, Tomer, Thakar, Aniruddha R., Thomas, Daniel, Thompson, Benjamin A., Tinker, Jeremy L., Tojeiro, Rita, Tremonti, Christy A., Magaña, M. Vargas, Verde, Licia, Viel, Matteo, Vikas, Shailendra K., Vogt, Nicole P., Wake, David A., Wang, Ji, Weaver, Benjamin A., Weinberg, David H., Weiner, Benjamin J., West, Andrew A., White, Martin, Wilson, John C., Wisniewski, John P., Wood-Vasey, W. M., Yanny, Brian, Yèche, Christophe, York, Donald G., Zamora, O., Zasowski, Gail, Zehavi, Idit, Zhao, Gong-Bo, Zheng, Zheng, Zhu, Guangtun, and Zinn, Joel C.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: The Sloan Digital Sky Survey III (SDSS-III) presents the first spectroscopic data from the Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (BOSS). This ninth data release (DR9) of the SDSS project includes 535,995 new galaxy spectra (median z=0.52), 102,100 new quasar spectra (median z=2.32), and 90,897 new stellar spectra, along with the data presented in previous data releases. These spectra were obtained with the new BOSS spectrograph and were taken between 2009 December and 2011 July. In addition, the stellar parameters pipeline, which determines radial velocities, surface temperatures, surface gravities, and metallicities of stars, has been updated and refined with improvements in temperature estimates for stars with T_eff<5000 K and in metallicity estimates for stars with [Fe/H]>-0.5. DR9 includes new stellar parameters for all stars presented in DR8, including stars from SDSS-I and II, as well as those observed as part of the SDSS-III Sloan Extension for Galactic Understanding and Exploration-2 (SEGUE-2). The astrometry error introduced in the DR8 imaging catalogs has been corrected in the DR9 data products. The next data release for SDSS-III will be in Summer 2013, which will present the first data from the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE) along with another year of data from BOSS, followed by the final SDSS-III data release in December 2014., Comment: 9 figures; 2 tables. Submitted to ApJS. DR9 is available at http://www.sdss3.org/dr9
Published: 2012
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508. IceTop: The surface component of IceCube

Author: IceCube Collaboration, Abbasi, R., Abdou, Y., Ackermann, M., Adams, J., Aguilar, J. A., Ahlers, M., Altmann, D., Andeen, K., Auffenberg, J., Bai, X., Baker, M., Barwick, S. W., Baum, V., Bay, R., Beattie, K., Beatty, J. J., Bechet, S., Tjus, J. Becker, Becker, K. -H., Bell, M., Benabderrahmane, M. L., BenZvi, S., Berdermann, J., Berghaus, P., Berley, D., Bernardini, E., Bertrand, D., Besson, D. Z., Bindig, D., Bissok, M., Blaufuss, E., Blumenthal, J., Boersma, D. J., Bohm, C., Bose, D., Böser, S., Botner, O., Brayeur, L., Brown, A. M., Bruijn, R., Brunner, J., Buitink, S., Caballero-Mora, K. S., Carson, M., Casey, J., Casier, M., Chirkin, D., Christy, B., Clevermann, F., Cohen, S., Cowen, D. F., Silva, A. H. Cruz, Danninger, M., Daughhetee, J., Davis, J. C., De Clercq, C., Descamps, F., Desiati, P., de Vries-Uiterweerd, G., DeYoung, T., Díaz-Vélez, J. C., Dreyer, J., Dumm, J. P., Dunkman, M., Eagan, R., Eisch, J., Elliott, C., Ellsworth, R. W., Engdegård, O., Euler, S., Evenson, P. A., Fadiran, O., Fazely, A. R., Fedynitch, A., Feintzeig, J., Feusels, T., Filimonov, K., Finley, C., Fischer-Wasels, T., Flis, S., Franckowiak, A., Franke, R., Frantzen, K., Fuchs, T., Gaisser, T. K., Gallagher, J., Gerhardt, L., Gladstone, L., Glüsenkamp, T., Goldschmidt, A., Goodman, J. A., Góra, D., Grant, D., Groß, A., Grullon, S., Gurtner, M., Ha, C., Ismail, A. Haj, Hallgren, A., Halzen, F., Hanson, K., Heereman, D., Heimann, P., Heinen, D., Helbing, K., Hellauer, R., Hickford, S., Hill, G. C., Hoffman, K. D., Hoffmann, R., Homeier, A., Hoshina, K., Huelsnitz, W., Hulth, P. O., Hultqvist, K., Hussain, S., Ishihara, A., Jacobi, E., Jacobsen, J., Japaridze, G. S., Jlelati, O., Johansson, H., Kappes, A., Karg, T., Karle, A., Kiryluk, J., Kislat, F., Kläs, J., Klein, S. R., Klepser, S., Köhne, J. -H., Kohnen, G., Kolanoski, H., Köpke, L., Kopper, C., Kopper, S., Koskinen, D. J., Kowalski, M., Krasberg, M., Kroll, G., Kunnen, J., Kurahashi, N., Kuwabara, T., Labare, M., Laihem, K., Landsman, H., Larson, M. J., Lauer, R., Lesiak-Bzdak, M., Lünemann, J., Madsen, J., Maruyama, R., Mase, K., Matis, H. S., McDermott, A., McNally, F., Meagher, K., Merck, M., Mészáros, P., Meures, T., Miarecki, S., Middell, E., Milke, N., Miller, J., Mohrmann, L., Montaruli, T., Morse, R., Movit, S. M., Nahnhauer, R., Naumann, U., Nießen, P., Nowicki, S. C., Nygren, D. R., Obertacke, A., Odrowski, S., Olivas, A., Olivo, M., O'Murchadha, A., Panknin, S., Paul, L., Pepper, J. A., Heros, C. Pérez de los, Pieloth, D., Pirk, N., Posselt, J., Price, P. B., Przybylski, G. T., Rädel, L., Rawlins, K., Redl, P., Resconi, E., Rhode, W., Ribordy, M., Richman, M., Riedel, B., Rodrigues, J. P., Roth, J., Rothmaier, F., Rott, C., Roucelle, C., Ruhe, T., Rutledge, D., Ruzybayev, B., Ryckbosch, D., Saba, S. M., Salameh, T., Sander, H. -G., Santander, M., Sarkar, S., Schatto, K., Scheel, M., Scheriau, F., Schmidt, T., Schmitz, M., Schoenen, S., Schöneberg, S., Schönherr, L., Schönwald, A., Schukraft, A., Schulte, L., Schulz, O., Seckel, D., Seo, S. H., Sestayo, Y., Seunarine, S., Shulman, L., Smith, M. W. E., Soiron, M., Soldin, D., Spiczak, G. M., Spiering, C., Stamatikos, M., Stanev, T., Stasik, A., Stezelberger, T., Stokstad, R. G., Stößl, A., Stoyanov, S., Strahler, E. A., Ström, R., Sulanke, K-H., Sullivan, G. W., Taavola, H., Taboada, I., Tamburro, A., Ter-Antonyan, S., Tilav, S., Toale, P. A., Toscano, S., Usner, M., van der Drift, D., van Eijndhoven, N., Van Overloop, A., van Santen, J., Vehring, M., Voge, M., Walck, C., Waldenmaier, T., Wallraff, M., Walter, M., Wasserman, R., Weaver, Ch., Wendt, C., Westerhoff, S., Whitehorn, N., Wiebe, K., Wiebusch, C. H., Williams, D. R., Wissing, H., Wolf, M., Wood, T. R., Woschnagg, K., Xu, C., Xu, D. L., Xu, X. W., Yanez, J. P., Yodh, G., Yoshida, S., Zarzhitsky, P., Ziemann, J., Zilles, A., and Zoll, M.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract: IceTop, the surface component of the IceCube Neutrino Observatory at the South Pole, is an air shower array with an area of 1 km2. The detector allows a detailed exploration of the mass composition of primary cosmic rays in the energy range from about 100 TeV to 1 EeV by exploiting the correlation between the shower energy measured in IceTop and the energy deposited by muons in the deep ice. In this paper we report on the technical design, construction and installation, the trigger and data acquisition systems as well as the software framework for calibration, reconstruction and simulation. Finally the first experience from commissioning and operating the detector and the performance as an air shower detector will be discussed., Comment: 50 pages, 38 figures; submitted to NIM A
Published: 2012
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509. Cosmic Ray Composition and Energy Spectrum from 1-30 PeV Using the 40-String Configuration of IceTop and IceCube

Author: IceCube Collaboration, Abbasi, R., Abdou, Y., Ackermann, M., Adams, J., Aguilar, J. A., Ahlers, M., Altmann, D., Andeen, K., Auffenberg, J., Bai, X., Baker, M., Barwick, S. W., Baum, V., Bay, R., Beattie, K., Beatty, J. J., Bechet, S., Tjus, J. Becker, Becker, K. -H., Bell, M., Benabderrahmane, M. L., BenZvi, S., Berdermann, J., Berghaus, P., Berley, D., Bernardini, E., Bertrand, D., Besson, D. Z., Bindig, D., Bissok, M., Blaufuss, E., Blumenthal, J., Boersma, D. J., Bohm, C., Bose, D., Böser, S., Botner, O., Brayeur, L., Brown, A. M., Bruijn, R., Brunner, J., Buitink, S., Caballero-Mora, K. S., Carson, M., Casey, J., Casier, M., Chirkin, D., Christy, B., Clevermann, F., Cohen, S., Cowen, D. F., Silva, A. H. Cruz, Danninger, M., Daughhetee, J., Davis, J. C., De Clercq, C., Descamps, F., Desiati, P., de Vries-Uiterweerd, G., DeYoung, T., Díaz-Vélez, J. C., Dreyer, J., Dumm, J. P., Dunkman, M., Eagan, R., Eisch, J., Ellsworth, R. W., Engdegård, O., Euler, S., Evenson, P. A., Fadiran, O., Fazely, A. R., Fedynitch, A., Feintzeig, J., Feusels, T., Filimonov, K., Finley, C., Fischer-Wasels, T., Flis, S., Franckowiak, A., Franke, R., Frantzen, K., Fuchs, T., Gaisser, T. K., Gallagher, J., Gerhardt, L., Gladstone, L., Glüsenkamp, T., Goldschmidt, A., Goodman, J. A., Góra, D., Grant, D., Groß, A., Grullon, S., Gurtner, M., Ha, C., Ismail, A. Haj, Hallgren, A., Halzen, F., Hanson, K., Heereman, D., Heimann, P., Heinen, D., Helbing, K., Hellauer, R., Hickford, S., Hill, G. C., Hoffman, K. D., Hoffmann, R., Homeier, A., Hoshina, K., Huelsnitz, W., Hulth, P. O., Hultqvist, K., Hussain, S., Ishihara, A., Jacobi, E., Jacobsen, J., Japaridze, G. S., Jlelati, O., Johansson, H., Kappes, A., Karg, T., Karle, A., Kiryluk, J., Kislat, F., Kläs, J., Klein, S. R., Köhne, J. -H., Kohnen, G., Kolanoski, H., Köpke, L., Kopper, C., Kopper, S., Koskinen, D. J., Kowalski, M., Krasberg, M., Kroll, G., Kunnen, J., Kurahashi, N., Kuwabara, T., Labare, M., Laihem, K., Landsman, H., Larson, M. J., Lauer, R., Lesiak-Bzdak, M., Lünemann, J., Madsen, J., Maruyama, R., Mase, K., Matis, H. S., McNally, F., Meagher, K., Merck, M., Mészáros, P., Meures, T., Miarecki, S., Middell, E., Milke, N., Miller, J., Mohrmann, L., Montaruli, T., Morse, R., Movit, S. M., Nahnhauer, R., Naumann, U., Nowicki, S. C., Nygren, D. R., Obertacke, A., Odrowski, S., Olivas, A., Olivo, M., O'Murchadha, A., Panknin, S., Paul, L., Pepper, J. A., Heros, C. Pérez de los, Pieloth, D., Pirk, N., Posselt, J., Price, P. B., Przybylski, G. T., Rädel, L., Rawlins, K., Redl, P., Resconi, E., Rhode, W., Ribordy, M., Richman, M., Riedel, B., Rodrigues, J. P., Rothmaier, F., Rott, C., Ruhe, T., Rutledge, D., Ruzybayev, B., Ryckbosch, D., Saba, S. M., Salameh, T., Sander, H. -G., Santander, M., Sarkar, S., Schatto, K., Scheel, M., Scheriau, F., Schmidt, T., Schmitz, M., Schoenen, S., Schöneberg, S., Schönherr, L., Schönwald, A., Schukraft, A., Schulte, L., Schulz, O., Seckel, D., Seo, S. H., Sestayo, Y., Seunarine, S., Smith, M. W. E., Soiron, M., Soldin, D., Spiczak, G. M., Spiering, C., Stamatikos, M., Stanev, T., Stasik, A., Stezelberger, T., Stokstad, R. G., Stößl, A., Strahler, E. A., Ström, R., Sullivan, G. W., Taavola, H., Taboada, I., Tamburro, A., Ter-Antonyan, S., Tilav, S., Toale, P. A., Toscano, S., Usner, M., van Eijndhoven, N., van der Drift, D., Van Overloop, A., van Santen, J., Vehring, M., Voge, M., Walck, C., Waldenmaier, T., Wallraff, M., Walter, M., Wasserman, R., Weaver, Ch., Wendt, C., Westerhoff, S., Whitehorn, N., Wiebe, K., Wiebusch, C. H., Williams, D. R., Wissing, H., Wolf, M., Wood, T. R., Woschnagg, K., Xu, C., Xu, D. L., Xu, X. W., Yanez, J. P., Yodh, G., Yoshida, S., Zarzhitsky, P., Ziemann, J., Zilles, A., and Zoll, M.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract: The mass composition of high energy cosmic rays depends on their production, acceleration, and propagation. The study of cosmic ray composition can therefore reveal hints of the origin of these particles. At the South Pole, the IceCube Neutrino Observatory is capable of measuring two components of cosmic ray air showers in coincidence: the electromagnetic component at high altitude (2835 m) using the IceTop surface array, and the muonic component above ~1 TeV using the IceCube array. This unique detector arrangement provides an opportunity for precision measurements of the cosmic ray energy spectrum and composition in the region of the knee and beyond. We present the results of a neural network analysis technique to study the cosmic ray composition and the energy spectrum from 1 PeV to 30 PeV using data recorded using the 40-string/40-station configuration of the IceCube Neutrino Observatory., Comment: 33 pages; accepted to Astroparticle Physics
Published: 2012
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510. Use of event-level neutrino telescope data in global fits for theories of new physics

Author: Scott, P., Savage, C., Edsjö, J., Collaboration, the IceCube, Abbasi, R., Abdou, Y., Ackermann, M., Adams, J., Aguilar, J. A., Ahlers, M., Altmann, D., Andeen, K., Auffenberg, J., Bai, X., Baker, M., Barwick, S. W., Baum, V., Bay, R., Beattie, K., Beatty, J. J., Bechet, S., Tjus, J. Becker, Becker, K. -H., Bell, M., Benabderrahmane, M. L., BenZvi, S., Berdermann, J., Berghaus, P., Berley, D., Bernardini, E., Bertrand, D., Besson, D. Z., Bindig, D., Bissok, M., Blaufuss, E., Blumenthal, J., Boersma, D. J., Bohm, C., Bose, D., Böser, S., Botner, O., Brayeur, L., Brown, A. M., Bruijn, R., Brunner, J., Buitink, S., Caballero-Mora, K. S., Carson, M., Casey, J., Casier, M., Chirkin, D., Christy, B., Clevermann, F., Cohen, S., Cowen, D. F., Silva, A. H. Cruz, Danninger, M., Daughhetee, J., Davis, J. C., De Clercq, C., Descamps, F., Desiati, P., de Vries-Uiterweerd, G., DeYoung, T., Díaz-Vélez, J. C., Dreyer, J., Dumm, J. P., Dunkman, M., Eagan, R., Eisch, J., Ellsworth, R. W., Engdegård, O., Euler, S., Evenson, P. A., Fadiran, O., Fazely, A. R., Fedynitch, A., Feintzeig, J., Feusels, T., Filimonov, K., Finley, C., Fischer-Wasels, T., Flis, S., Franckowiak, A., Franke, R., Frantzen, K., Fuchs, T., Gaisser, T. K., Gallagher, J., Gerhardt, L., Gladstone, L., Glüsenkamp, T., Goldschmidt, A., Goodman, J. A., Góra, D., Grant, D., Groß, A., Grullon, S., Gurtner, M., Ha, C., Ismail, A. Haj, Hallgren, A., Halzen, F., Hanson, K., Heereman, D., Heimann, P., Heinen, D., Helbing, K., Hellauer, R., Hickford, S., Hill, G. C., Hoffman, K. D., Hoffmann, R., Homeier, A., Hoshina, K., Huelsnitz, W., Hulth, P. O., Hultqvist, K., Hussain, S., Ishihara, A., Jacobi, E., Jacobsen, J., Japaridze, G. S., Jlelati, O., Johansson, H., Kappes, A., Karg, T., Karle, A., Kiryluk, J., Kislat, F., Kläs, J., Klein, S. R., Köhne, J. -H., Kohnen, G., Kolanoski, H., Köpke, L., Kopper, C., Kopper, S., Koskinen, D. J., Kowalski, M., Krasberg, M., Kroll, G., Kunnen, J., Kurahashi, N., Kuwabara, T., Labare, M., Laihem, K., Landsman, H., Larson, M. J., Lauer, R., Lesiak-Bzdak, M., Lünemann, J., Madsen, J., Maruyama, R., Mase, K., Matis, H. S., McNally, F., Meagher, K., Merck, M., Mészáros, P., Meures, T., Miarecki, S., Middell, E., Milke, N., Miller, J., Mohrmann, L., Montaruli, T., Morse, R., Movit, S. M., Nahnhauer, R., Naumann, U., Nowicki, S. C., Nygren, D. R., Obertacke, A., Odrowski, S., Olivas, A., Olivo, M., O'Murchadha, A., Panknin, S., Paul, L., Pepper, J. A., Heros, C. Pérez de los, Pieloth, D., Pirk, N., Posselt, J., Price, P. B., Przybylski, G. T., Rädel, L., Rawlins, K., Redl, P., Resconi, E., Rhode, W., Ribordy, M., Richman, M., Riedel, B., Rodrigues, J. P., Rothmaier, F., Rott, C., Ruhe, T., Rutledge, D., Ruzybayev, B., Ryckbosch, D., Saba, S. M., Salameh, T., Sander, H. -G., Santander, M., Sarkar, S., Schatto, K., Scheel, M., Scheriau, F., Schmidt, T., Schmitz, M., Schoenen, S., Schöneberg, S., Schönherr, L., Schönwald, A., Schukraft, A., Schulte, L., Schulz, O., Seckel, D., Seo, S. H., Sestayo, Y., Seunarine, S., Smith, M. W. E., Soiron, M., Soldin, D., Spiczak, G. M., Spiering, C., Stamatikos, M., Stanev, T., Stasik, A., Stezelberger, T., Stokstad, R. G., Stößl, A., Strahler, E. A., Ström, R., Sullivan, G. W., Taavola, H., Taboada, I., Tamburro, A., Ter-Antonyan, S., Tilav, S., Toale, P. A., Toscano, S., Usner, M., van Eijndhoven, N., van der Drift, D., Van Overloop, A., van Santen, J., Vehring, M., Voge, M., Walck, C., Waldenmaier, T., Wallraff, M., Walter, M., Wasserman, R., Weaver, Ch., Wendt, C., Westerhoff, S., Whitehorn, N., Wiebe, K., Wiebusch, C. H., Williams, D. R., Wissing, H., Wolf, M., Wood, T. R., Woschnagg, K., Xu, C., Xu, D. L., Xu, X. W., Yanez, J. P., Yodh, G., Yoshida, S., Zarzhitsky, P., Ziemann, J., Zilles, A., and Zoll, M.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability
Abstract: We present a fast likelihood method for including event-level neutrino telescope data in parameter explorations of theories for new physics, and announce its public release as part of DarkSUSY 5.0.6. Our construction includes both angular and spectral information about neutrino events, as well as their total number. We also present a corresponding measure for simple model exclusion, which can be used for single models without reference to the rest of a parameter space. We perform a number of supersymmetric parameter scans with IceCube data to illustrate the utility of the method: example global fits and a signal recovery in the constrained minimal supersymmetric standard model (CMSSM), and a model exclusion exercise in a 7-parameter phenomenological version of the MSSM. The final IceCube detector configuration will probe almost the entire focus-point region of the CMSSM, as well as a number of MSSM-7 models that will not otherwise be accessible to e.g. direct detection. Our method accurately recovers the mock signal, and provides tight constraints on model parameters and derived quantities. We show that the inclusion of spectral information significantly improves the accuracy of the recovery, providing motivation for its use in future IceCube analyses., Comment: 29 pages, 6 figures. v2 adds additional explanation in p-value derivation, matches version accepted for publication in JCAP
Published: 2012
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511. On the Spectral Lags and Peak-Counts of the Gamma-Ray Bursts Detected by the RHESSI Satellite

Author: Ripa, Jakub, Meszaros, Attila, Veres, Peter, and Park, Il H.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: A sample of 427 gamma-ray bursts from a database (February 2002 - April 2008) of the RHESSI satellite is analyzed statistically. The spectral lags and peak-count rates, which have been calculated for the first time in this paper, are studied completing an earlier analysis of durations and hardness ratios. The analysis of the RHESSI database has already inferred the existence of a third group with intermediate duration, apart from the so-called short and long groups. First aim of this article is to discuss the properties of these intermediate-duration bursts in terms of peak-count rates and spectral lags. Second aim is to discuss the number of GRB groups using another statistical method and by employing the peak-count rates and spectral lags as well. The standard parametric (model-based clustering) and non-parametric (K-means clustering) statistical tests together with the Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Anderson-Darling tests are used. Two new results are obtained: A. The intermediate-duration group has similar properties to the group of short bursts. Intermediate and long groups appear to be different. B. The intermediate-duration GRBs in the RHESSI and Swift databases seem to be represented by different phenomena., Comment: 41 pages, 10 figures, 9 tables, accepted to be published in The Astrophysical Journal
Published: 2012
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512. Delayed Onset of High-Energy Emissions in Leptonic and Hadronic Models of Gamma-Ray Bursts

Author: Asano, Katsuaki and Mészáros, Peter
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: The temporal--spectral evolution of the prompt emission of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) is simulated numerically for both leptonic and hadronic models. For weak enough magnetic fields, leptonic models can reproduce the few seconds delay of the onset of GeV photon emission observed by Fermi-LAT, due to the slow growth of the target photon field for inverse Compton scattering. However, even for stronger magnetic fields, the GeV delay can be explained with hadronic models, due to the long acceleration timescale of protons and the continuous photopion production after the end of the particle injection. While the FWHMs of the MeV and GeV lightcurves are almost the same in one-zone leptonic models, the FWHM of the 1--30 GeV lightcurves in hadronic models are significantly wider than those of the 0.1--1 MeV lightcurves. The amount of the GeV delay depends on the importance of the Klein--Nishina effect in both the leptonic and hadronic models. In our examples of hadronic models the energies of the escaped neutrons are comparable to the gamma-ray energy, although their contribution to the ultra high-energy cosmic rays is still subdominant. The resulting neutrino spectra are hard enough to avoid the flux limit constraint from IceCube. The delay of the neutrino emission onset is up to several times longer than the corresponding delay of the GeV photon emission onset. The quantitative differences in the lightcurves for various models may be further tested with future atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes whose effective area is larger than that of Fermi-LAT, such as CTA., Comment: Accepted for publication in ApJ; 35 pages, 17 figures
Published: 2012
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513. Dyck tilings, increasing trees, descents, and inversions

Author: Kim, Jang Soo, Meszaros, Karola, Panova, Greta, and Wilson, David B.
Subjects: Mathematics - Combinatorics, 05A19, 05A05
Abstract: Cover-inclusive Dyck tilings are tilings of skew Young diagrams with ribbon tiles shaped like Dyck paths, in which tiles are no larger than the tiles they cover. These tilings arise in the study of certain statistical physics models and also Kazhdan--Lusztig polynomials. We give two bijections between cover-inclusive Dyck tilings and linear extensions of tree posets. The first bijection maps the statistic (area + tiles)/2 to inversions of the linear extension, and the second bijection maps the "discrepancy" between the upper and lower boundary of the tiling to descents of the linear extension., Comment: 24 pages, 9 figures
Published: 2012
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514. An Absence of Neutrinos Associated with Cosmic Ray Acceleration in Gamma-Ray Bursts

Author: IceCube Collaboration, Abbasi, R., Abdou, Y., Abu-Zayyad, T., Ackermann, M., Adams, J., Aguilar, J. A., Ahlers, M., Altmann, D., Andeen, K., Auffenberg, J., Bai, X., Baker, M., Barwick, S. W., Bay, R., Alba, J. L. Bazo, Beattie, K., Beatty, J. J., Bechet, S., Becker, J. K., Becker, K. -H., Bell, M., Benabderrahmane, M. L., BenZvi, S., Berdermann, J., Berghaus, P., Berley, D., Bernardini, E., Besson, D. Bertrand D. Z., Bindig, D., Bissok, M., Blaufuss, E., Blumenthal, J., Boersma, D. J., Bohm, C., Bose, D., Böser, S., Botner, O., Brayeur, L., Brown, A. M., Buitink, S., Caballero-Mora, K. S., Carson, M., Casier, M., Chirkin, D., Christy, B., Clevermann, F., Cohen, S., Colnard, C., Cowen, D. F., Silva, A. H. Cruz, D'Agostino, M. V., Danninger, M., Daughhetee, J., Davis, J. C., De Clercq, C., Degner, T., Descamps, F., Desiati, P., de Vries-Uiterweerd, G., DeYoung, T., Díaz-Vélez, J. C., Dierckxsens, M., Dreyer, J., Dumm, J. P., Dunkman, M., Eisch, J., Ellsworth, R. W., Engdegård, O., Euler, S., Evenson, P. A., Fadiran, O., Fazely, A. R., Fedynitch, A., Feintzeig, J., Feusels, T., Filimonov, K., Finley, C., Fischer-Wasels, T., Flis, S., Franckowiak, A., Franke, R., Gaisser, T. K., Gallagher, J., Gerhardt, L., Gladstone, L., Glüsenkamp, T., Goldschmidt, A., Goodman, J. A., Góra, D., Grant, D., Griesel, T., Groß, A., Grullon, S., Gurtner, M., Ha, C., Ismail, A. Haj, Hallgren, A., Halzen, F., Han, K., Hanson, K., Heereman, D., Heinen, D., Helbing, K., Hellauer, R., Hickford, S., Hill, G. C., Hoffman, K. D., Hoffmann, B., Homeier, A., Hoshina, K., Huelsnitz, W., Hülβ, J. -P., Hulth, P. O., Hultqvist, K., Hussain, S., Ishihara, A., Jacobi, E., Jacobsen, J., Japaridze, G. S., Johansson, H., Kappes, A., Karg, T., Karle, A., Kiryluk, J., Kislat, F., Klein, S. R., Köhne, J. -H., Kohnen, G., Kolanoski, H., Köpke, L., Kopper, S., Koskinen, D. J., Kowalski, M., Kowarik, T., Krasberg, M., Kroll, G., Kunnen, J., Kurahashi, N., Kuwabara, T., Labare, M., Laihem, K., Landsman, H., Larson, M. J., Lauer, R., Lünemann, J., Madsen, J., Marotta, A., Maruyama, R., Mase, K., Matis, H. S., Meagher, K., Merck, M., Mészáros, P., Meures, T., Miarecki, S., Middell, E., Milke, N., Miller, J., Montaruli, T., Morse, R., Movit, S. M., Nahnhauer, R., Nam, J. W., Naumann, U., Nowicki, S. C., Nygren, D. R., Odrowski, S., Olivas, A., Olivo, M., O'Murchadha, A., Panknin, S., Paul, L., Heros, C. Pérez de los, Piegsa, A., Pieloth, D., Posselt, J., Price, P. B., Przybylski, G. T., Rawlins, K., Redl, P., Resconi, E., Rhode, W., Ribordy, M., Richman, M., Riedel, B., Rizzo, A., Rodrigues, J. P., Rothmaier, F., Rott, C., Ruhe, T., Rutledge, D., Ruzybayev, B., Ryckbosch, D., Sander, H. -G., Santander, M., Sarkar, S., Schatto, K., Schmidt, T., Schöneberg, S., Schönwald, A., Schukraft, A., Schulte, L., Schultes, A., Schulz, O., Schunck, M., Seckel, D., Semburg, B., Seo, S. H., Sestayo, Y., Seunarine, S., Silvestri, A., Smith, M. W. E., Spiczak, G. M., Spiering, C., Stamatikos, M., Stanev, T., Stezelberger, T., Stokstad, R. G., Stößl, A., Strahler, E. A., Ström, R., Stüer, M., Sullivan, G. W., Taavola, H., Taboada, I., Tamburro, A., Ter-Antonyan, S., Tilav, S., Toale, P. A., Toscano, S., Tosi, D., van Eijndhoven, N., Van Overloop, A., van Santen, J., Vehring, M., Voge, M., Walck, C., Waldenmaier, T., Wallraff, M., Walter, M., Wasserman, R., Weaver, Ch., Wendt, C., Westerhoff, S., Whitehorn, N., Wiebe, K., Wiebusch, C. H., Williams, D. R., Wischnewski, R., Wissing, H., Wolf, M., Wood, T. R., Woschnagg, K., Xu, C., Xu, D. L., Xu, X. W., Yanez, J. P., Yodh, G., Yoshida, S., Zarzhitsky, P., and Zoll, M.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs) have been proposed as a leading candidate for acceleration of ultra high-energy cosmic rays, which would be accompanied by emission of TeV neutrinos produced in proton-photon interactions during acceleration in the GRB fireball. Two analyses using data from two years of the IceCube detector produced no evidence for this neutrino emission, placing strong constraints on models of neutrino and cosmic-ray production in these sources., Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures. Additional supplementary information (effective areas) is freely available with the published version. Version 2 supersedes the published version and fixes a small overestimation of the event rate from the Guetta et al. model in the 2010-2011 part of the model-dependent analysis, resulting in a new Fig. 1. Conclusions and all final results are unchanged.
Published: 2012
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515. Gamma Ray Bursts

Author: Mészáros, Peter
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract: Gamma-ray bursts have been detected at photon energies up to tens of GeV. We review some recent developments in the X-ray to GeV photon phenomenology in the light of Swift and Fermi observations, and some of the theoretical models developed to explain them, with a view towards implications for C.T.A., Comment: Updated references and some minor changes; review of GRBs, prepared for Astropart.Phys. special issue on C.T.A. science, S. Sarkar, Ed; cite as article in press as: P. M\'esz\'aros, Gamma ray bursts, Astropart. Phys. (2012), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.astropartphys.2012.03.009
Published: 2012
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516. The survival of nuclei in jets associated with core-collapse supernovae

Author: Horiuchi, Shunsaku, Murase, Kohta, Ioka, Kunihito, and Meszaros, Peter
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract: Heavy nuclei such as nickel-56 are synthesized in a wide range of core-collapse supernovae (CCSN), including energetic supernovae associated with gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). Recent studies suggest that jet-like outflows are a common feature of CCSN. These outflows may entrain synthesized nuclei at launch or during propagation, and provide interesting multi-messenger signals including heavy ultra-high energy cosmic rays. Here, we investigate the destruction processes of nuclei during crossing from the stellar material into the jet material via a cocoon, and during propagation after being successfully loaded into the jet. We find that nuclei can survive for a range of jet parameters because collisional cooling is faster than spallation. While canonical high-luminosity GRB jets may contain nuclei, magnetic dominated models or low-luminosity jets with small bulk Lorentz factors are more favorable for having a more significant heavy nuclei component., Comment: v2 (16 pages, 7 figures, 1 table) matches published version (extended discussions, table added, conclusions unchanged)
Published: 2012
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517. A Search for UHE Tau Neutrinos with IceCube

Author: IceCube Collaboration, Abbasi, R., Abdou, Y., Abu-Zayyad, T., Ackermann, M., Adams, J., Aguilar, J. A., Ahlers, M., Altmann, D., Andeen, K., Auffenberg, J., Bai, X., Baker, M., Barwick, S. W., Baum, V., Bay, R., Beattie, K., Beatty, J. J., Bechet, S., Becker, J. K., Becker, K. -H., Bell, M., Benabderrahmane, M. L., BenZvi, S., Berdermann, J., Berghaus, P., Berley, D., Bernardini, E., Bertrand, D., Besson, D. Z., Bindig, D., Bissok, M., Blaufuss, E., Blumenthal, J., Boersma, D. J., Bohm, C., Bose1, D., Böser, S., Botner, O., Brayeur, L., Brown, A. M., Buitink, S., Caballero-Mora, K. S., Carson, M., Casier, M., Chirkin, D., Christy, B., Clevermann, F., Cohen, S., Cowen, D. F., Silva, A. H. Cruz, D'Agostino, M. V., Danninger, M., Daughhetee, J., Davis, J. C., De Clercq, C., Degner, T., Descamps, F., Desiati, P., de Vries-Uiterweerd, G., DeYoung, T., Díaz-Vélez, J. C., Dreyer, J., Dumm, J. P., Dunkman, M., Eisch, J., Ellsworth, R. W., Engdegård, O., Euler, S., Evenson, P. A., Fadiran, O., Fazely, A. R., Fedynitch, A., Feintzeig, J., Feusels, T., Filimonov, K., Finley, C., Fischer-Wasels, T., Flis, S., Franckowiak, A., Franke, R., Gaisser, T. K., Gallagher, J., Gerhardt, L., Gladstone, L., Glüsenkamp, T., Goldschmidt, A., Goodman, J. A., Góra, D., Grant, D., Groß, A., Grullon, S., Gurtner, M., Ha, C., Ismail, A. Haj, Hallgren, A., Halzen, F., Hanson, K., Heereman, D., Heimann, P., Heinen, D., Helbing, K., Hellauer, R., Hickford, S., Hill, G. C., Hoffman, K. D., Hoffmann, B., Homeier, A., Hoshina, K., Huelsnitz, W., Hulth, P. O., Hultqvist, K., Hussain, S., Ishihara, A., Jacobi, E., Jacobsen, J., Japaridze, G. S., Johansson, H., Kappes, A., Karg, T., Karle, A., Kiryluk, J., Kislat, F., Klein, S. R., Köhne, J. -H., Kohnen, G., Kolanoski, H., Köpke, L., Kopper, S., Koskinen, D. J., Kowalski, M., Krasberg, M., Kroll, G., Kunnen, J., Kurahashi, N., Kuwabara, T., Labare1, M., Laihem, K., Landsman, H., Larson, M. J., Lauer, R., Lünemann, J., Madsen, J., Maruyama, R., Mase, K., Matis, H. S., Meagher, K., Merck, M., Mészáros, P., Meures, T., Miarecki, S., Middell, E., Milke, N., Miller, J., Montaruli, T., Morse, R., Movit, S. M., Nahnhauer, R., Nam, J. W., Naumann, U., Nowicki, S. C., Nygren, D. R., Odrowski, S., Olivas, A., Olivo, M., O'Murchadha, A., Panknin1, S., Paul, L., Heros, C. Pérez de los, Pieloth, D., Posselt, J., Price, P. B., Przybylski, G. T., Rawlins, K., Redl, P., Resconi, E., Rhode, W., Ribordy, M., Richman, M., Riedel, B., Rodrigues, J. P., Rothmaier, F., Rott, C., Ruhe, T., Rutledge, D., Ruzybayev, B., Ryckbosch, D., Sander, H. -G., Santander, M., Sarkar, S., Schatto, K., Scheel, M., Schmidt, T., Schöneberg, S., Schönwald, A., Schukraft, A., Schulte1, L., Schultes, A., Schulz, O., Schunck, M., Seckel, D., Semburg, B., Seo, S. H., Sestayo, Y., Seunarine1, S., Silvestri, A., Smith, M. W. E., Spiczak, G. M., Spiering, C., Stamatikos, M., Stanev, T., Stezelberger, T., Stokstad, R. G., Stößl, A., Strahler, E. A., Ström, R., Stüer, M., Sullivan, G. W., Taavola, H., Taboada, I., Tamburro, A., Ter-Antonyan, S., Tilav, S., Toale, P. A., Toscano, S., van Eijndhoven, N., Van Overloop, A., van Santen, J., Vehring, M., Voge1, M., Walck, C., Waldenmaier, T., Wallraff, M., Walter, M., Wasserman, R., Weaver, Ch., Wendt, C., Westerhoff, S., Whitehorn, N., Wiebe, K., Wiebusch, C. H., Williams, D. R., Wischnewski, R., Wissing, H., Wolf, M., Wood, T. R., Woschnagg, K., Xu, C., Xu, D. L., Xu, X. W., Yanez, J. P., Yodh, G., Yoshida, S., Zarzhitsky, P., and Zoll, M.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: The first dedicated search for ultra-high energy (UHE) tau neutrinos of astrophysical origin was performed using the IceCube detector in its 22-string configuration with an instrumented volume of roughly 0.25 km^3. The search also had sensitivity to UHE electron and muon neutrinos. After application of all selection criteria to approximately 200 live-days of data, we expect a background of 0.60 +/- 0.19 (stat.) $^{+0.56}_{-0.58}$ (syst.) events and observe three events, which after inspection emerge as being compatible with background but are kept in the final sample. Therefore, we set an upper limit on neutrinos of all-flavors from UHE astrophysical sources at 90% CL of $E^{2} \Phi(\nu_{x}) < 16.3 * 10^-8 GeV cm^-2 sr^-1 s^-1 over an estimated primary neutrino energy range of 340 TeV to 200 PeV., Comment: 15 pages, submitted to Phys. Rev. D; Clarified the definition of rho(q). Added a table which describes each cut. Divided section IVC to two sections. Made two 1-D plots for Fig. 16 instead of one 2-D plot. Provided a probability to observe 3 events under pure background assumption. Clarified more in detail how the final limit was derived. etc
Published: 2012
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518. All-particle cosmic ray energy spectrum measured with 26 IceTop stations

Author: IceCube Collaboration, Abbasi, R., Abdou, Y., Abu-Zayyad, T., Ackermann, M., Adams, J., Aguilar, J. A., Ahlers, M., Altmann, D., Andeen, K., Auffenberg, J., Bai, X., Baker, M., Barwick, S. W., Baum, V., Bay, R., Alba, J. L. Bazo, Beattie, K., Beatty, J. J., Bechet, S., Becker, J. K., Becker, K. -H., Bell, M., Benabderrahmane, M. L., BenZvi, S., Berdermann, J., Berghaus, P., Berley, D., Bernardini, E., Bertrand, D., Besson, D. Z., Bindig, D., Bissok, M., Blaufuss, E., Blumenthal, J., Boersma, D. J., Bohm, C., Bose, D., Böser, S., Botner, O., Brayeur, L., Brown, A. M., Buitink, S., Caballero-Mora, K. S., Carson, M., Casier, M., Chirkin, D., Christy, B., Clevermann, F., Cohen, S., Cowen, D. F., Silva, A. H. Cruz, D'Agostino, M. V., Danninger, M., Daughhetee, J., Davis, J. C., De Clercq, C., Degner, T., Descamps, F., Desiati, P., de Vries-Uiterweerd, G., DeYoung, T., Díaz-Vélez, J. C., Dreyer, J., Dumm, J. P., Dunkman, M., Eisch, J., Ellsworth, R. W., Engdegård, O., Euler, S., Evenson, P. A., Fadiran, O., Fazely, A. R., Fedynitch, A., Feintzeig, J., Feusels, T., Filimonov, K., Finley, C., Fischer-Wasels, T., Flis, S., Franckowiak, A., Franke, R., Gaisser, T. K., Gallagher, J., Gerhardt, L., Gladstone, L., Glüsenkamp, T., Goldschmidt, A., Goodman, J. A., Góra, D., Grant, D., Groß, A., Grullon, S., Gurtner, M., Ha, C., Ismail, A. Haj, Hallgren, A., Halzen, F., Han, K., Hanson, K., Heimann, P., Heinen, D., Helbing, K., Hellauer, R., Hickford, S., Hill, G. C., Hoffman, K. D., Hoffmann, B., Homeier, A., Hoshina, K., Huelsnitz, W., Hulth, P. O., Hultqvist, K., Hussain, S., Ishihara, A., Jacobi, E., Jacobsen, J., Japaridze, G. S., Johansson, H., Kappes, A., Karg, T., Karle, A., Kiryluk, J., Kislat, F., Klein, S. R., Klepser, S., Köhne, J. -H., Kohnen, G., Kolanoski, H., Köpke, L., Kopper, S., Koskinen, D. J., Kowalski, M., Krasberg, M., Kroll, G., Kunnen, J., Kurahashi, N., Kuwabara, T., Labare, M., Laihem, K., Landsman, H., Larson, M. J., Lauer, R., Lünemann, J., Madsen, J., Maruyama, R., Mase, K., Matis, H. S., Meagher, K., Merck, M., Mészáros, P., Meures, T., Miarecki, S., Middell, E., Milke, N., Miller, J., Montaruli, T., Morse, R., Movit, S. M., Nahnhauer, R., Nam, J. W., Naumann, U., Nowicki, S. C., Nygren, D. R., Odrowski, S., Olivas, A., Olivo, M., O'Murchadha, A., Panknin, S., Paul, L., Heros, C. Pérez de los, Pieloth, D., Posselt, J., Price, P. B., Przybylski, G. T., Rawlins, K., Redl, P., Resconi, E., Rhode, W., Ribordy, M., Richman, M., Riedel, B., Rodrigues, J. P., Rothmaier, F., Rott, C., Ruhe, T., Rutledge, D., Ruzybayev, B., Ryckbosch, D., Sander, H. -G., Santander, M., Sarkar, S., Schatto, K., Scheel, M., Schmidt, T., Schöneberg, S., Schönwald, A., Schukraft, A., Schulte, L., Schultes, A., Schulz, O., Schunck, M., Seckel, D., Semburg, B., Seo, S. H., Sestayo, Y., Seunarine, S., Silvestri, A., Smith, M. W. E., Spiczak, G. M., Spiering, C., Stamatikos, M., Stanev, T., Stezelberger, T., Stokstad, R. G., Stößl, A., Strahler, E. A., Ström, R., Stüer, M., Sullivan, G. W., Taavola, H., Taboada, I., Tamburro, A., Ter-Antonyan, S., Tilav, S., Toale, P. A., Toscano, S., Tosi, D., van Eijndhoven, N., Van Overloop, A., van Santen, J., Vehring, M., Voge, M., Walck, C., Waldenmaier, T., Wallraff, M., Walter, M., Wasserman, R., Weaver, Ch., Wendt, C., Westerhoff, S., Whitehorn, N., Wiebe, K., Wiebusch, C. H., Williams, D. R., Wischnewski, R., Wissing, H., Wolf, M., Wood, T. R., Woschnagg, K., Xu, C., Xu, D. L., Xu, X. W., Yanez, J. P., Yodh, G., Yoshida, S., Zarzhitsky, P., and Zoll, M.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: We report on a measurement of the cosmic ray energy spectrum with the IceTop air shower array, the surface component of the IceCube Neutrino Observatory at the South Pole. The data used in this analysis were taken between June and October, 2007, with 26 surface stations operational at that time, corresponding to about one third of the final array. The fiducial area used in this analysis was 0.122 km^2. The analysis investigated the energy spectrum from 1 to 100 PeV measured for three different zenith angle ranges between 0{\deg} and 46{\deg}. Because of the isotropy of cosmic rays in this energy range the spectra from all zenith angle intervals have to agree. The cosmic-ray energy spectrum was determined under different assumptions on the primary mass composition. Good agreement of spectra in the three zenith angle ranges was found for the assumption of pure proton and a simple two-component model. For zenith angles {\theta} < 30{\deg}, where the mass dependence is smallest, the knee in the cosmic ray energy spectrum was observed between 3.5 and 4.32 PeV, depending on composition assumption. Spectral indices above the knee range from -3.08 to -3.11 depending on primary mass composition assumption. Moreover, an indication of a flattening of the spectrum above 22 PeV were observed., Comment: 38 pages, 17 figures
Published: 2012

519. Single- and Two-Component GRB Spectra in the Fermi GBM-LAT Energy Range

Author: Veres, P. and Mészáros, P.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: Most Fermi GRB spectra appear as either a broken power law extending to GeV energies or as a broken power with a separate GeV power law component. Here we show that such spectra can be understood in terms of magnetically dominated relativistic jets where a dissipative photosphere produces the prompt MeV emission, which is extended into the GeV range by inverse Compton scattering in the external shock, with possible contributions from a reverse shock as well. The bulk Lorentz factors required in these models are in the range of 300-600, and the MeV-GeV time delays arise naturally. In some cases an optical flash and a sub-dominant thermal component are also present., Comment: Accepted for publication in ApJ, 31 pages, 4 figures
Published: 2012
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520. GRB duration distribution considering the position of the Fermi

Author: Szecsi, Dorottya, Bagoly, Zsolt, Horvath, Istvan, Balazs, Lajos G., Veres, Peter, and Meszaros, Attila
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: The Fermi satellite has a particular motion during its flight which enables it to catch the gamma-ray bursts mostly well. The side-effect of this favourable feature is that the lightcurves of the GBM detectors are stressed by rapidly and extremely varying background. Before this data is processed, it needs to be separated from the background. The commonly used methods were useless for most cases of Fermi, so we developed a new technique based on the motion and orientation of the satellite. The background-free lightcurve can be used to perform statistical surveys, hence we showed the efficiency of our background-filtering method presenting a statistical analysis known from the literature., Comment: 4 pages, 6 figures. Presented as a poster on the conference '8th INTEGRAL/BART Workshop, 26-29 April 2011, Karlovy Vary, Czech Republic'. Accepted to Acta Polytechnica
Published: 2012

521. Graph sharing games: complexity and connectivity

Author: Cibulka, Josef, Kynčl, Jan, Mészáros, Viola, Stolař, Rudolf, and Valtr, Pavel
Subjects: Computer Science - Discrete Mathematics, Computer Science - Computational Complexity, 05C22, 05C40, 05C57, 91A43
Abstract: We study the following combinatorial game played by two players, Alice and Bob, which generalizes the Pizza game considered by Brown, Winkler and others. Given a connected graph G with nonnegative weights assigned to its vertices, the players alternately take one vertex of G in each turn. The first turn is Alice's. The vertices are to be taken according to one (or both) of the following two rules: (T) the subgraph of G induced by the taken vertices is connected during the whole game, (R) the subgraph of G induced by the remaining vertices is connected during the whole game. We show that if rules (T) and/or (R) are required then for every epsilon > 0 and for every positive integer k there is a k-connected graph G for which Bob has a strategy to obtain (1-epsilon) of the total weight of the vertices. This contrasts with the original Pizza game played on a cycle, where Alice is known to have a strategy to obtain 4/9 of the total weight. We show that the problem of deciding whether Alice has a winning strategy (i.e., a strategy to obtain more than half of the total weight) is PSPACE-complete if condition (R) or both conditions (T) and (R) are required. We also consider a game played on connected graphs (without weights) where the first player who violates condition (T) or (R) loses the game. We show that deciding who has the winning strategy is PSPACE-complete., Comment: 22 pages, 11 figures; updated references, minor stylistical changes
Published: 2012
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522. Theories of Doctrinal Development: An Assessment

Author: Meszaros, Andrew
Published: 2024

523. A Possible Intrinsic Fluence-Duration Power-Law Relation in Gamma-ray Bursts

Author: Balazs, L. G., Meszaros, P., Bagoly, Z., Horvath, I., and Meszaros, A.
Subjects: Astrophysics
Abstract: We argue that the distributions of both the intrinsic fluence and the intrinsic duration of the gamma-ray emission in gamma-ray bursts from the BATSE sample are well represented by log-normal distributions, in which the intrinsic dispersion is much larger than the cosmological time dilatation and redshift effects. We perform separate bivariate log-normal distribution fits to the BATSE short and long burst samples. The bivariate log-normal behavior results in an ellipsoidal distribution, whose major axis determines an overall statistical relation between the fluence and the duration. We show that this fit provides evidence for a power-law dependence between the fluence and the duration, with a statistically significant different index for the long and short groups. We discuss possible biases which might affect this result, and argue that the effect is probably real. This may provide a potentially useful constraint for models of long and short bursts., Comment: revised version, ApJ subm 3/15/01; includes substantial additional calculations and discussion of biases, title change, additional figure
Published: 2000

524. Multi-GeV Neutrino Emission from Magnetized Gamma Ray Bursts

Author: Gao, Shan and Meszaros, Peter
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract: We investigate the expected neutrino emissivity from nuclear collisions in magnetically dominated collisional models of gamma-ray bursts, motivated by recent observational and theoretical developments. The results indicate that significant multi-GeV neutrino fluxes are expected for model parameter values which are typical of electromagnetically detected bursts. We show that for detecting at least one muon event in Icecube and its Deep Core sub-array, a single burst must be near the high end of the luminosity function and at a redshift $z\lesssim 0.2$. We also calculate the luminosity and distance ranges that can generate $0.01-1$ muon events per GRB in the same detectors, which may be of interest if simultaneously detected electromagnetically, or if measured with future extensions of Icecube or other neutrino detectors with larger effective volume and better sensitivity., Comment: 12 pages, 7 figures, accepted version for Phys.Rev.D
Published: 2011
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525. Origin of the GeV Emission During the X-ray Flaring Activity in GRB 100728A

Author: He, Hao-Ning, Zhang, Bin-Bin, Wang, Xiang-Yu, Li, Zhuo, and Mészáros, Peter
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: Recently, Fermi-LAT detected GeV emission during the X-ray flaring activity in GRB 100728A. We study various scenarios for its origin. The hard spectrum of the GeV emission favors the external inverse-Compton origin in which X-ray flare photons are up-scattered by relativistic electrons in the external forward shock. This external IC scenario, with anisotropic scattering effect taken into account, can reproduce the temporal and spectral properties of the GeV emission in GRB 100728A., Comment: Minor revisions, 6 pages, 2 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
Published: 2011
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526. Multi-year search for dark matter annihilations in the Sun with the AMANDA-II and IceCube detectors

Author: IceCube Collaboration, Abbasi, R., Abdou, Y., Abu-Zayyad, T., Ackermann, M., Adams, J., Aguilar, J. A., Ahlers, M., Altmann, D., Andeen, K., Auffenberg, J., Bai, X., Baker, M., Barwick, S. W., Bay, R., Alba, J. L. Bazo, Beattie, K., Beatty, J. J., Bechet, S., Becker, J. K., Becker, K. -H., Bell, M., Benabderrahmane, M. L., BenZvi, S., Berdermann, J., Berghaus, P., Berley, D., Bernardini, E., Bertrand, D., Besson, D. Z., Bindig, D., Bissok, M., Blaufuss, E., Blumenthal, J., Boersma, D. J., Bohm, C., Bose, D., Böser, S., Botner, O., Brayeur, L., Brown, A. M., Buitink, S., Caballero-Mora, K. S., Carson, M., Casier, M., Chirkin, D., Christy, B., Clevermann, F., Cohen, S., Colnard, C., Cowen, D. F., Silva, A. H. Cruz, D'Agostino, M. V., Danninger, M., Daughhetee, J., Davis, J. C., De Clercq, C., Degner, T., Descamps, F., Desiati, P., de Vries-Uiterweerd, G., DeYoung, T., Díaz-Vélez, J. C., Dierckxsens, M., Dreyer, J., Dumm, J. P., Dunkman, M., Eisch, J., Ellsworth, R. W., Engdegård, O., Euler, S., Evenson, P. A., Fadiran, O., Fazely, A. R., Fedynitch, A., Feintzeig, J., Feusels, T., Filimonov, K., Finley, C., Fischer-Wasels, T., Flis, S., Franckowiak, A., Franke, R., Gaisser, T. K., Gallagher, J., Gerhardt, L., Gladstone, L., Glüsenkamp, T., Goldschmidt, A., Goodman, J. A., Góra, D., Grant, D., Griesel, T., Groß, A., Grullon, S., Gurtner, M., Ha, C., Ismail, A. Haj, Hallgren, A., Halzen, F., Han, K., Hanson, K., Heereman, D., Heinen, D., Helbing, K., Hellauer, R., Hickford, S., Hill, G. C., Hoffman, K. D., Hoffmann, B., Homeier, A., Hoshina, K., Huelsnitz, W., Hülß, J. -P., Hulth, P. O., Hultqvist, K., Hussain, S., Ishihara, A., Jacobi, E., Jacobsen, J., Japaridze, G. S., Johansson, H., Kappes, A., Karg, T., Karle, A., Kiryluk, J., Kislat, F., Klein, S. R., Köhne, J. -H., Kohnen, G., Kolanoski, H., Köpke, L., Kopper, S., Koskinen, D. J., Kowalski, M., Kowarik, T., Krasberg, M., Kroll, G., Kunnen, J., Kurahashi, N., Kuwabara, T., Labare, M., Laihem, K., Landsman, H., Larson, M. J., Lauer, R., Lünemann, J., Madsen, J., Marotta, A., Maruyama, R., Mase, K., Matis, H. S., Meagher, K., Merck, M., Mészáros, P., Meures, T., Miarecki, S., Middell, E., Milke, N., Miller, J., Montaruli, T., Morse, R., Movit, S. M., Nahnhauer, R., Nam, J. W., Naumann, U., Nowicki, S. C., Nygren, D. R., Odrowski, S., Olivas, A., Olivo, M., O'Murchadha, A., Panknin, S., Paul, L., Heros, C. Pérez de los, Piegsa, A., Pieloth, D., Posselt, J., Price, P. B., Przybylski, G. T., Rawlins, K., Redl, P., Resconi, E., Rhode, W., Ribordy, M., Richman, M., Rizzo, A., Rodrigues, J. P., Rothmaier, F., Rott, C., Ruhe, T., Rutledge, D., Ruzybayev, B., Ryckbosch, D., Sander, H. -G., Santander, M., Sarkar, S., Schatto, K., Schmidt, T., Schöneberg, S., Schönwald, A., Schukraft, A., Schulte, L., Schultes, A., Schulz, O., Schunck, M., Seckel, D., Semburg, B., Seo, S. H., Sestayo, Y., Seunarine, S., Silvestri, A., Spiczak, G. M., Spiering, C., Stamatikos, M., Stanev, T., Stezelberger, T., Stokstad, R. G., Stößl, A., Strahler, E. A., Ström, R., Stüer, M., Sullivan, G. W., Taavola, H., Taboada, I., Tamburro, A., Ter-Antonyan, S., Tilav, S., Toale, P. A., Toscano, S., Tosi, D., van Eijndhoven, N., Van Overloop, A., van Santen, J., Vehring1, M., Voge, M., Walck, C., Waldenmaier, T., Wallraff, M., Walter, M., Wasserman, R., Weaver, Ch., Wendt, C., Westerhoff, S., Whitehorn, N., Wiebe, K., Wiebusch, C. H., Williams, D. R., Wischnewski, R., Wissing, H., Wolf, M., Wood, T. R., Woschnagg, K., Xu, C., Xu, D. L., Xu, X. W., Yanez, J. P., Yodh, G., Yoshida, S., Zarzhitsky, P., and Zoll, M.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: A search for an excess of muon-neutrinos from dark matter annihilations in the Sun has been performed with the AMANDA-II neutrino telescope using data collected in 812 days of livetime between 2001 and 2006 and 149 days of livetime collected with the AMANDA-II and the 40-string configuration of IceCube during 2008 and early 2009. No excess over the expected atmospheric neutrino background has been observed. We combine these results with the previously published IceCube limits obtained with data taken during 2007 to obtain a total livetime of 1065 days. We provide an upper limit at 90% confidence level on the annihilation rate of captured neutralinos in the Sun, as well as the corresponding muon flux limit at the Earth, both as functions of the neutralino mass in the range 50 GeV-5000 GeV. We also derive a limit on the neutralino-proton spin-dependent and spin-independent cross section. The limits presented here improve the previous results obtained by the collaboration between a factor of two and five, as well as extending the neutralino masses probed down to 50 GeV. The spin-dependent cross section limits are the most stringent so far for neutralino masses above 200 GeV, and well below direct search results in the mass range from 50 GeV to 5 TeV., Comment: author list corrected. Full author list added in this website
Published: 2011
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527. Searching for soft relativistic jets in Core-collapse Supernovae with the IceCube Optical Follow-up Program

Author: The IceCube Collaboration, Abbasi, R., Abdou, Y., Abu-Zayyad, T., Ackermann, M., Adams, J., Aguilar, J. A., Ahlers, M., Allen, M. M., Altmann, D., Andeen, K., Auffenberg, J., Bai, X., Baker, M., Barwick, S. W., Bay, R., Alba, J. L. Bazo, Beattie, K., Beatty, J. J., Bechet, S., Becker, J. K., Becker, K. -H., Benabderrahmane, M. L., BenZvi, S., Berdermann, J., Berghaus, P., Berley, D., Bernardini, E., Bertrand, D., Besson, D. Z., Bindig, D., Bissok, M., Blaufuss, E., Blumenthal, J., Boersma, D. J., Bohm, C., Bose, D., Böser, S., Botner, O., Brown, A. M., Buitink, S., Caballero-Mora, K. S., Carson, M., Chirkin, D., Christy, B., Clevermann, F., Cohen, S., Colnard, C., Cowen, D. F., Silva, A. H. Cruz, D'Agostino, M. V., Danninger, M., Daughhetee, J., Davis, J. C., De Clercq, C., Degner, T., Demirörs, L., Descamps, F., Desiati, P., de Vries-Uiterweerd, G., DeYoung, T., Díaz-Vélez, J. C., Dierckxsens, M., Dreyer, J., Dumm, J. P., Dunkman, M., Eisch, J., Ellsworth, R. W., Engdegård, O., Euler, S., Evenson, P. A., Fadiran, O., Fazely, A. R., Fedynitch, A., Feintzeig, J., Feusels, T., Filimonov, K., Finley, C., Fischer-Wasels, T., Fox, B. D., Franckowiak, A., Franke, R., Gaisser, T. K., Gallagher, J., Gerhardt, L., Gladstone, L., Glüsenkamp, T., Goldschmidt, A., Goodman, J. A., Góra, D., Grant, D., Griesel, T., Groß, A., Grullon, S., Gurtner, M., Ha, C., Ismail, A. Haj, Hallgren, A., Halzen, F., Han, K., Hanson, K., Heinen, D., Helbing, K., Hellauer, R., Herquet, P., Hickford, S., Hill, G. C., Hoffman, K. D., Hoffmann, B., Homeier, A., Hoshina, K., Huelsnitz, W., Hülß, J. -P., Hulth, P. O., Hultqvist, K., Hussain, S., Ishihara, A., Jacobi, E., Jacobsen, J., Japaridze, G. S., Johansson, H., Kampert, K. -H., Kappes, A., Karg, T., Karle, A., Kenny, P., Kiryluk, J., Kislat, F., Klein, S. R., Köhne, J. -H., Kohnen, G., Kolanoski, H., Köpke, L., Kopper, S., Koskinen, D. J., Kowalski, M., Kowarik, T., Krasberg, M., Kroll, G., Kurahashi, N., Kuwabara, T., Labare, M., Laihem, K., Landsman, H., Larson, M. J., Lauer, R., Lünemann, J., Madsen, J., Marotta, A., Maruyama, R., Mase, K., Matis, H. S., Meagher, K., Merck, M., Mészáros, P., Meures, T., Miarecki, S., Middell, E., Milke, N., Miller, J., Montaruli, T., Morse, R., Movit, S. M., Nahnhauer, R., Nam, J. W., Naumann, U., Nygren, D. R., Odrowski, S., Olivas, A., Olivo, M., O'Murchadha, A., Panknin, S., Paul, L., Heros, C. Pérez de los, Petrovic, J., Piegsa, A., Pieloth, D., Porrata, R., Posselt, J., Price, P. B., Przybylski, G. T., Rawlins, K., Redl, P., Resconi, E., Rhode, W., Ribordy, M., Richman, M., Rodrigues, J. P., Rothmaier, F., Rott, C., Ruhe, T., Rutledge, D., Ruzybayev, B., Ryckbosch, D., Sander, H. -G., Santander, M., Sarkar, S., Schatto, K., Schmidt, T., Schönwald, A., Schukraft, A., Schultes, A., Schulz, O., Schunck, M., Seckel, D., Semburg, B., Seo, S. H., Sestayo, Y., Seunarine, S., Silvestri, A., Spiczak, G. M., Spiering, C., Stamatikos, M., Stanev, T., Stezelberger, T., Stokstad, R. G., Stössl, A., Strahler, E. A., Ström, R., Stüer, M., Sullivan, G. W., Swillens, Q., Taavola, H., Taboada, I., Tamburro, A., Ter-Antonyan, S., Tilav, S., Toale, P. A., Toscano, S., Tosi, D., van Eijndhoven, N., Vandenbroucke, J., Van Overloop, A., van Santen, J., Vehring, M., Voge, M., Walck, C., Waldenmaier, T., Wallraff, M., Walter, M., Weaver, Ch., Wendt, C., Westerhoff, S., Whitehorn, N., Wiebe, K., Wiebusch, C. H., Williams, D. R., Wischnewski, R., Wissing, H., Wolf, M., Wood, T. R., Woschnagg, K., Xu, C., Xu, D. L., Xu, X. W., Yanez, J. P., Yodh, G., Yoshida, S., Zarzhitsky, P., Collaboration, M. Zoll The ROTSE, Akerlof, C. W., Pandey, S. B., Yuan, F., and Zheng, W.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: Context. Transient neutrino sources such as Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs) and Supernovae (SNe) are hypothesized to emit bursts of high-energy neutrinos on a time-scale of \lesssim 100 s. While GRB neutrinos would be produced in high relativistic jets, core-collapse SNe might host soft-relativistic jets, which become stalled in the outer layers of the progenitor star leading to an efficient production of high-energy neutrinos. Aims. To increase the sensitivity to these neutrinos and identify their sources, a low-threshold optical follow-up program for neutrino multiplets detected with the IceCube observatory has been implemented. Methods. If a neutrino multiplet, i.e. two or more neutrinos from the same direction within 100 s, is found by IceCube a trigger is sent to the Robotic Optical Transient Search Experiment, ROTSE. The 4 ROTSE telescopes immediately start an observation program of the corresponding region of the sky in order to detect an optical counterpart to the neutrino events. Results. No statistically significant excess in the rate of neutrino multiplets has been observed and furthermore no coincidence with an optical counterpart was found. Conclusion. The search allows, for the first time, to set stringent limits on current models predicting a high-energy neutrino flux from soft relativistic hadronic jets in core-collapse SNe. We conclude that a sub-population of SNe with typical Lorentz boost factor and jet energy of 10 and 3\times10^{51} erg, respectively, does not exceed 4.2% at 90% confidence., Comment: 12 pages, 12 figures, submitted to A&A
Published: 2011
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528. Product formulas for volumes of flow polytopes

Author: Meszaros, Karola
Subjects: Mathematics - Combinatorics, 52B11, 05E99
Abstract: Intrigued by the product formula prod_{i=1}^{n-2} C_i for the volume of the Chan-Robbins-Yuen polytope CRY_n, where C_i is the ith Catalan number, we construct a family of polytopes P_{m,n}, whose volumes are given by the product \prod_{i=m+1}^{m+n-2}\frac{1}{2i+1}{{m+n+i} \choose {2i}}. The Chan-Robbins-Yuen polytope CRY_n coincides with P_{0,n-1}. Our construction of the polytopes P_{m,n} is an application of a systematic method we develop for expressing volumes of a class of flow polytopes as the number of certain triangular arrays. This method can also be used as a heuristic technique for constructing polytopes with combinatorial volumes. As an illustration of this we construct polytopes whose volumes equal the number of r-ary trees on n internal nodes, \frac{1}{(r-1)n+1} {{rn} \choose n}. Using triangular arrays we also express the volumes of flow polytopes as constant terms of formal Laurent series., Comment: 15 pages, 5 figures
Published: 2011

529. Unusual Central Engine Activity in the Double Burst GRB 110709B

Author: Zhang, Bin-Bin, Burrows, David, Zhang, Bing, Meszaros, Peter, Wang, Xiang-Yu, Stratta, Giulia, D'Elia, Valerio, Frederiks, Dmitry, Golenetskii, Sergey, Cummings, Jay R., Norris, Jay P., Falcone, Abraham, Barthelmy, Scott D., and Gehrels, Neil
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: The double burst, GRB 110709B, triggered Swift/BAT twice at 21:32:39 UT and 21:43:45 UT, respectively, on 9 July 2011. This is the first time we observed a GRB with two BAT triggers. In this paper, we present simultaneous Swift and Konus-WIND observations of this unusual GRB and its afterglow. If the two events originated from the same physical progenitor, their different time-dependent spectral evolution suggests they must belong to different episodes of the central engine, which may be a magnetar-to-BH accretion system., Comment: 10 pages, 14 figures, 2 tables. ApJ accepted
Published: 2011
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530. Leptonic and Hadronic Models for the Extra Components in Fermi-LAT GRBs

Author: Asano, Katsuaki, Mészáros, Peter, Murase, Kohta, Inoue, Susumu, and Terasawa, Toshio
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: {\it Fermi} satellite has detected extra spectral components in GeV energy range in several GRBs. Those components have power-law shapes, which may contribute to also X-ray band. The limited photon statistics make it difficult to determine the origin of GeV photons, namely internal or external shocks. We try to explain the extra components with our numerical simulations based on internal dissipation picture. Our leptonic model may reproduce not only the GeV excess via SSC emission but also the low-energy excess via the late synchrotron emission from remnant electrons. The hadronic models also reproduce keV-GeV power-law components by synchrotron and SSC emissions from secondary electron-positron pairs. In most cases the hadronic models require a much larger energy of protons than gamma-rays. However, the keV-GeV flat spectra detected in GRB 090902B is well explained with a comparable energy in protons and gamma-rays Finally, we discuss both advantages and weaknesses for both the leptonic and hadronic models. To overcome difficulties in internal dissipation models, we propose introduction of continuous acceleration similar to the second-order Fermi acceleration., Comment: 2011 Fermi Symposium proceedings - eConf C110509
Published: 2011

531. On the properties of the RHESSI intermediate-duration gamma-ray bursts

Author: Ripa, J., Veres, P., and Meszaros, A.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: The intermediate-duration gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) identified in the data of the RHESSI satellite are investigated with respect to their spectral lags, peak count rates, redshifts, supernova observations, and star formation rates of their host galaxies. Standard statistical tests like Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Student t-test are used. It is discussed whether these bursts belong to the group of so-called short or long GRBs, or if they significantly differ from both groups., Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures, 2 tables
Published: 2011
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532. Observation of an Anisotropy in the Galactic Cosmic Ray arrival direction at 400 TeV with IceCube

Author: IceCube Collaboration, Abbasi, R., Abdou, Y., Abu-Zayyad, T., Ackermann, M., Adams, J., Aguilar, J. A., Ahlers, M., Allen, M. M., Altmann, D., Andeen, K., Auffenberg, J., Bai, X., Baker, M., Barwick, S. W., Bay, R., Alba, J. L. Bazo, Beattie, K., Beatty, J. J., Bechet, S., Becker, J. K., Becker, K. -H., Benabderrahmane, M. L., BenZvi, S., Berdermann, J., Berghaus, P., Berley, D., Bernardini, E., Bertrand, D., Besson, D. Z., Bindig, D., Bissok, M., Blaufuss, E., Blumenthal, J., Boersma, D. J., Bohm, C., Bose, D., Böser, S., Botner, O., Brown, A. M., Buitink, S., Caballero-Mora, K. S., Carson, M., Chirkin, D., Christy, B., Clevermann, F., Cohen, S., Colnard, C., Cowen, D. F., Silva, A. H. Cruz, D'Agostino, M. V., Danninger, M., Daughhetee, J., Davis, J. C., De Clercq, C., Degner, T., Demirörs, L., Descamps, F., Desiati, P., de Vries-Uiterweerd, G., DeYoung, T., Díaz-Vélez, J. C., Dierckxsens, M., Dreyer, J., Dumm, J. P., Dunkman, M., Eisch, J., Ellsworth, R. W., Engdegård, O., Euler, S., Evenson, P. A., Fadiran, O., Fazely, A. R., Fedynitch, A., Feintzeig, J., Feusels, T., Filimonov, K., Finley, C., Fischer-Wasels, T., Fox, B. D., Franckowiak, A., Franke, R., Gaisser, T. K., Gallagher, J., Gerhardt, L., Gladstone, L., Glüsenkamp, T., Goldschmidt, A., Goodman, J. A., Góra, D., Grant, D., Griesel, T., Groß, A., Grullon, S., Gurtner, M., Ha, C., Ismail, A. Haj, Hallgren, A., Halzen, F., Han, K., Hanson, K., Heinen, D., Helbing, K., Hellauer, R., Hickford, S., Hill, G. C., Hoffman, K. D., Hoffmann, B., Homeier, A., Hoshina, K., Huelsnitz, W., Hülß, J. -P., Hulth, P. O., Hultqvist, K., Hussain, S., Ishihara, A., Jacobi, E., Jacobsen, J., Japaridze, G. S., Johansson, H., Kampert, K. -H., Kappes, A., Karg, T., Karle, A., Kenny, P., Kiryluk, J., Kislat, F., Klein, S. R., Köhne, J. -H., Kohnen, G., Kolanoski, H., Köpke, L., Kopper, S., Koskinen, D. J., Kowalski, M., Kowarik, T., Krasberg, M., Kroll, G., Kurahashi, N., Kuwabara, T., Labare, M., Laihem, K., Landsman, H., Larson, M. J., Lauer, R., Lünemann, J., Madsen, J., Marotta, A., Maruyama, R., Mase, K., Matis, H. S., Meagher, K., Merck, M., Mészáros, P., Meures, T., Miarecki, S., Middell, E., Milke, N., Miller, J., Montaruli, T., Morse, R., Movit, S. M., Nahnhauer, R., Nam, J. W., Naumann, U., Nygren, D. R., Odrowski, S., Olivas, A., Olivo, M., O'Murchadha, A., Panknin, S., Paul, L., Heros, C. Pérez de los, Petrovic, J., Piegsa, A., Pieloth, D., Porrata, R., Posselt, J., Price, C. C., Price, P. B., Przybylski, G. T., Rawlins, K., Redl, P., Resconi, E., Rhode, W., Ribordy, M., Richman, M., Rodrigues, J. P., Rothmaier, F., Rott, C., Ruhe, T., Rutledge, D., Ruzybayev, B., Ryckbosch, D., Sander, H. -G., Santander, M., Sarkar, S., Schatto, K., Schmidt, T., Schönwald, A., Schukraft, A., Schultes, A., Schulz, O., Schunck, M., Seckel, D., Semburg, B., Seo, S. H., Sestayo, Y., Seunarine, S., Silvestri, A., Spiczak, G. M., Spiering, C., Stamatikos, M., Stanev, T., Stezelberger, T., Stokstad, R. G., Stößl, A., Strahler, E. A., Ström, R., Stüer, M., Sullivan, G. W., Swillens, Q., Taavola, H., Taboada, I., Tamburro, A., Tepe, A., Ter-Antonyan, S., Tilav, S., Toale, P. A., Toscano, S., Tosi, D., van Eijndhoven, N., Vandenbroucke, J., Van Overloop, A., van Santen, J., Vehring, M., Voge, M., Walck, C., Waldenmaier, T., Wallraff, M., Walter, M., Weaver, Ch., Wendt, C., Westerhoff, S., Whitehorn, N., Wiebe, K., Wiebusch, C. H., Williams, D. R., Wischnewski, R., Wissing, H., Wolf, M., Wood, T. R., Woschnagg, K., Xu, C., Xu, D. L., Xu, X. W., Yanez, J. P., Yodh, G., Yoshida, S., Zarzhitsky, P., and Zoll, M.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: In this paper we report the first observation in the Southern hemisphere of an energy dependence in the Galactic cosmic ray anisotropy up to a few hundred TeV. This measurement was performed using cosmic ray induced muons recorded by the partially deployed IceCube observatory between May 2009 and May 2010. The data include a total of 33$\times 10^{9}$ muon events with a median angular resolution of $\sim3^{\circ}$ degrees. A sky map of the relative intensity in arrival direction over the Southern celestial sky is presented for cosmic ray median energies of 20 and 400 TeV. The same large-scale anisotropy observed at median energies around 20 TeV is not present at 400 TeV. Instead, the high energy skymap shows a different anisotropy structure including a deficit with a post-trial significance of -6.3$\sigma$. This anisotropy reveals a new feature of the Galactic cosmic ray distribution, which must be incorporated into theories of the origin and propagation of cosmic rays.
Published: 2011
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533. Searches for periodic neutrino emission from binary systems with 22 and 40 strings of IceCube

Author: IceCube Collaboration, Abbasi, R., Abdou, Y., Abu-Zayyad, T., Ackermann, M., Adams, J., Aguilar, J. A., Ahlers, M., Allen, M. M., Altmann, D., Andeen, K., Auffenberg, J., Bai, X., Baker, M., Barwick, S. W., Bay, R., Alba, J. L. Bazo, Beattie, K., Beatty, J. J., Bechet, S., Becker, J. K., Becker, K. -H., Benabderrahmane, M. L., BenZvi, S., Berdermann, J., Berghaus, P., Berley, D., Bernardini, E., Bertrand, D., Besson, D. Z., Bindig, D., Bissok, M., Blaufuss, E., Blumenthal, J., Boersma, D. J., Bohm, C., Bose, D., Böser, S., Botner, O., Brown, A. M., Buitink, S., Caballero-Mora, K. S., Carson, M., Chirkin, D., Christy, B., Clevermann, F., Cohen, S., Colnard, C., Cowen, D. F., Silva, A. H. Cruz, D'Agostino, M. V., Danninger, M., Daughhetee, J., Davis, J. C., De Clercq, C., Degner, T., Demirörs, L., Descamps, F., Desiati, P., de Vries-Uiterweerd, G., DeYoung, T., Díaz-Vélez, J. C., Dierckxsens, M., Dreyer, J., Dumm, J. P., Dunkman, M., Eisch, J., Ellsworth, R. W., Engdegård, O., Euler, S., Evenson, P. A., Fadiran, O., Fazely, A. R., Fedynitch, A., Feintzeig, J., Feusels, T., Filimonov, K., Finley, C., Fischer-Wasels, T., Fox, B. D., Franckowiak, A., Franke, R., Gaisser, T. K., Gallagher, J., Gerhardt, L., Gladstone, L., Glüsenkamp, T., Goldschmidt, A., Goodman, J. A., Góra, D., Grant, D., Griesel, T., Groß, A., Grullon, S., Gurtner, M., Ha, C., Ismail, A. Haj, Hallgren, A., Halzen, F., Han, K., Hanson, K., Heinen, D., Helbing, K., Hellauer, R., Hickford, S., Hill, G. C., Hoffman, K. D., Hoffmann, B., Homeier, A., Hoshina, K., Huelsnitz, W., Hülß, J. -P., Hulth, P. O., Hultqvist, K., Hussain, S., Ishihara, A., Jacobi, E., Jacobsen, J., Japaridze, G. S., Johansson, H., Kampert, K. -H., Kappes, A., Karg, T., Karle, A., Kenny, P., Kiryluk, J., Kislat, F., Klein, S. R., Köhne, J. -H., Kohnen, G., Kolanoski, H., Köpke, L., Kopper, S., Koskinen, D. J., Kowalski, M., Kowarik, T., Krasberg, M., Kroll, G., Kurahashi, N., Kuwabara, T., Labare, M., Laihem, K., Landsman, H., Larson, M. J., Lauer, R., Lünemann, J., Madsen, J., Marotta, A., Maruyama, R., Mase, K., Matis, H. S., Meagher, K., Merck, M., Mészáros, P., Meures, T., Miarecki, S., Middell, E., Milke, N., Miller, J., Montaruli, T., Morse, R., Movit, S. M., Nahnhauer, R., Nam, J. W., Naumann, U., Nygren, D. R., Odrowski, S., Olivas, A., Olivo, M., O'Murchadha, A., Panknin, S., Paul, L., Heros, C. Pérez de los, Petrovic, J., Piegsa, A., Pieloth, D., Porrata, R., Posselt, J., Price, P. B., Przybylski, G. T., Rawlins, K., Redl, P., Resconi, E., Rhode, W., Ribordy, M., Richman, M., Rodrigues, J. P., Rothmaier, F., Rott, C., Ruhe, T., Rutledge, D., Ruzybayev, B., Ryckbosch, D., Sander, H. -G., Santander, M., Sarkar, S., Schatto, K., Schmidt, T., Schönwald, A., Schukraft, A., Schultes, A., Schulz, O., Schunck, M., Seckel, D., Semburg, B., Seo, S. H., Sestayo, Y., Seunarine, S., Silvestri, A., Spiczak, G. M., Spiering, C., Stamatikos, M., Stanev, T., Stezelberger, T., Stokstad, R. G., Stößl, A., Strahler, E. A., Ström, R., Stüer, M., Sullivan, G. W., Swillens, Q., Taavola, H., Taboada, I., Tamburro, A., Tepe, A., Ter-Antonyan, S., Tilav, S., Toale, P. A., Toscano, S., Tosi, D., van Eijndhoven, N., Vandenbroucke, J., Van Overloop, A., van Santen, J., Vehring, M., Voge, M., Walck, C., Waldenmaier, T., Wallraff, M., Walter, M., Weaver, Ch., Wendt, C., Westerhoff, S., Whitehorn, N., Wiebe, K., Wiebusch, C. H., Williams, D. R., Wischnewski, R., Wissing, H., Wolf, M., Wood, T. R., Woschnagg, K., Xu, C., Xu, D. L., Xu, X. W., Yanez, J. P., Yodh, G., Yoshida, S., Zarzhitsky, P., and Zoll, M.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: In this paper we present the results of searches for periodic neutrino emission from a catalog of binary systems. Such modulation, observed in the photon flux, would be caused by the geometry of these systems. In the analysis, the period is fixed by these photon observations, while the phase and duration of the neutrino emission are treated as free parameters to be fit with the data. If the emission occurs during ~20% or less of the total period, this analysis achieves better sensitivity than a time-integrated analysis. We use the IceCube data taken from May 31, 2007 to April 5, 2008 with its 22-string configuration, and from April 5, 2008 to May 20, 2009 with its 40-string configuration. No evidence for neutrino emission is found, with the strongest excess occurring for Cygnus X-3 at 2.1 sigma significance after accounting for trials. Neutrino flux upper limits for both periodic and time-integrated emission are provided., Comment: 16 Pages, 2 figures
Published: 2011
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534. IceCube Sensitivity for Low-Energy Neutrinos from Nearby Supernovae

Author: IceCube Collaboration, Abbasi, R., Abdou, Y., Abu-Zayyad, T., Ackermann, M., Adams, J., Aguilar, J. A., Ahlers, M., Allen, M. M., Altmann, D., Andeen, K., Auffenberg, J., Bai, X., Baker, M., Barwick, S. W., Baum, V., Bay, R., Alba, J. L. Bazo, Beattie, K., Beatty, J. J., Bechet, S., Becker, J. K., Becker, K. -H., Benabderrahmane, M. L., BenZvi, S., Berdermann, J., Berghaus, P., Berley, D., Bernardini, E., Bertrand, D., Besson, D. Z., Bindig, D., Bissok, M., Blaufuss, E., Blumenthal, J., Boersma, D. J., Bohm, C., Bose, D., Böser, S., Botner, O., Brown, A. M., Buitink, S., Caballero-Mora, K. S., Carson, M., Chirkin, D., Christy, B., Clevermann, F., Cohen, S., Colnard, C., Cowen, D. F., Silva, A. H. Cruz, D'Agostino, M. V., Danninger, M., Daughhetee, J., Davis, J. C., De Clercq, C., Degner, T., Demirörs, L., Descamps, F., Desiati, P., de Vries-Uiterweerd, G., DeYoung, T., Diaz-Vélez, J. C., Dierckxsens, M., Dreyer, J., Dumm, J. P., Dunkman, M., Eisch, J., Ellsworth, R. W., Engdegård, O., Euler, S., Evenson, P. A., Fadiran, O., Fazely, A. R., Fedynitch, A., Feintzeig, J., Feusels, T., Filimonov, K., Finley, C., Fischer-Wasels, T., Fox, B. D., Franckowiak, A., Franke, R., Gaisser, T. K., Gallagher, J., Gerhardt, L., Gladstone, L., Glüsenkamp, T., Goldschmidt, A., Goodman, J. A., Góra, D., Grant, D., Griesel, T., Groß, A., Grullon, S., Gurtner, M., Ha, C., Ismail, A. Haj, Hallgren, A., Halzen, F., Han, K., Hanson, K., Heinen, D., Helbing, K., Hellauer, R., Hickford, S., Hill, G. C., Hoffman, K. D., Hoffmann, B., Homeier, A., Hoshina, K., Huelsnitz, W., Hülß, J. -P., Hulth, P. O., Hultqvist, K., Hussain, S., Ishihara, A., Jakobi, E., Jacobsen, J., Japaridze, G. S., Johansson, H., Kampert, K. -H., Kappes, A., Karg, T., Karle, A., Kenny, P., Kiryluk, J., Kislat, F., Klein, S. R., Köhne, H., Kohnen, G., Kolanoski, H., Köpke, L., Kopper, S., Koskinen, D. J., Kowalski, M., Kowarik, T., Krasberg, M., Kroll, G., Kurahashi, N., Kuwabara, T., Labare, M., Laihem, K., Landsman, H., Larson, M. J., Lauer, R., Lünemann, J., Madsen, J., Marotta, A., Maruyama, R., Mase, K., Matis, H. S., Meagher, K., Merck, M., Mészáros, P., Meures, T., Miarecki, S., Middell, E., Milke, N., Miller, J., Montaruli, T., Morse, R., Movit, S. M., Nahnhauer, R., Nam, J. W., Naumann, U., Nygren, D. R., Odrowski, S., Olivas, A., Olivo, M., O'Murchadha, A., Panknin, S., Paul, L., Heros, C. Pérez de los, Petrovic, J., Piegsa, A., Pieloth, D., Porrata, R., Posselt, J., Price, P. B., Przybylski, G. T., Rawlins, K., Redl, P., Resconi, E., Rhode, W., Ribordy, M., Richard, A. S., Richman, M., Rodrigues, J. P., Rothmaier, F., Rott, C., Ruhe, T., Rutledge, D., Ruzybayev, B., Ryckbosch, D., Sander, H. -G., Santander, M., Sarkar, S., Schatto, K., Schmidt, T., Schönwald, A., Schukraft, A., Schulte, L., Schultes, A., Schulz, O., Schunck, M., Seckel, D., Semburg, B., Seo, S. H., Sestayo, Y., Seunarine, S., Silvestri, A., Singh, K., Slipak, A., Spiczak, G. M., Spiering, C., Stamatikos, M., Stanev, T., Stezelberger, T., Stokstad, R. G., Stößl, A., Strahler, E. A., Ström, R., Stüer, M., Sullivan, G. W., Swillens, Q., Taavola, H., Taboada, I., Tamburro, A., Tepe, A., Ter-Antonyan, S., Tilav, S., Toale, P. A., Toscano, S., Tosi, D., van Eijndhoven, N., Vandenbroucke, J., Van Overloop, A., van Santen, J., Vehring, M., Voge, M., Walck, C., Waldenmaier, T., Wallraff, M., Walter, M., Weaver, Ch., Wendt, C., Westerhoff, S., Whitehorn, N., Wiebe, K., Wiebusch, C. H., Williams, D. R., Wischnewski, R., Wissing, H., Wolf, M., Wood, T. R., Woschnagg, K., Xu, C., Xu, D. L., Xu, X. W., Yanez, J. P., Yodh, G., Yoshida, S., Zarzhitsky, P., and Zoll, M.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: This paper describes the response of the IceCube neutrino telescope located at the geographic South Pole to outbursts of MeV neutrinos from the core collapse of nearby massive stars. IceCube was completed in December 2010 forming a lattice of 5160 photomultiplier tubes that monitor a volume of ~ 1 cubic kilometer in the deep Antarctic ice for particle induced photons. The telescope was designed to detect neutrinos with energies greater than 100 GeV. Owing to subfreezing ice temperatures, the photomultiplier dark noise rates are particularly low. Hence IceCube can also detect large numbers of MeV neutrinos by observing a collective rise in all photomultiplier rates on top of the dark noise. With 2 ms timing resolution, IceCube can detect subtle features in the temporal development of the supernova neutrino burst. For a supernova at the galactic center, its sensitivity matches that of a background-free megaton-scale supernova search experiment. The sensitivity decreases to 20 standard deviations at the galactic edge (30 kpc) and 6 standard deviations at the Large Magellanic Cloud (50 kpc). IceCube is sending triggers from potential supernovae to the Supernova Early Warning System. The sensitivity to neutrino properties such as the neutrino hierarchy is discussed, as well as the possibility to detect the neutronization burst, a short outbreak of electron neutrinos released by electron capture on protons soon after collapse. Tantalizing signatures, such as the formation of a quark star or a black hole as well as the characteristics of shock waves, are investigated to illustrate IceCube's capability for supernova detection., Comment: 17 pages, 16 figures
Published: 2011
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535. The Role of Stochastic Acceleration in the Prompt Emission of Gamma-Ray Bursts: Application to Hadronic Injection

Author: Murase, Kohta, Asano, Katsuaki, Terasawa, Toshio, and Meszaros, Peter
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract: We study effects of particle re-acceleration (or heating) in the post-shock region via magnetohydrodynamic/plasma turbulence, in the context of a mixed hadronic-leptonic model for the prompt emission of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), using both analytical and numerical methods. We show that stochastically accelerated (or heated) leptons, which are injected via pp and pg reactions and subsequent pair cascades, are plausibly able to reproduce the Band function spectra with alpha~1 and beta~2-3 in the ~MeV range. An additional hard component coming from the proton-induced cascade emission is simultaneously expected, which is compatible with observed extra power-law spectra far above the MeV range. We also discuss the specific implications of hadronic models for ongoing high-energy neutrino observations., Comment: 12 pages, 8 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ, discussions added, typos fixed. Results unchanged
Published: 2011
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536. Spectral-Temporal Simulations of Internal Dissipation Models of Gamma-Ray Bursts

Author: Asano, Katsuaki and Meszaros, Peter
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: We present calculations of the time evolution of the prompt spectra of gamma-ray burst models involving generic internal dissipation regions, including internal shocks, either by itself or in the presence of an external photon source such as a photosphere. The method uses a newly developed time-dependent code involving synchrotron emission and absorption, inverse Compton scattering and pair formation. The models reproduce the typical observed Band spectra and their generic time evolution, including the appearance of an extra keV-GeV component, whose delay in simple SSC models, however, is only partially able to explain the several seconds observed GeV delays. On the other hand, models involving both a photosphere and an internal dissipation region at a larger radius produce both an extra GeV component and time delays which are in the range of the observations., Comment: 37 pages, 15 figures, accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal
Published: 2011
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537. Posets, parking functions and the regions of the Shi arrangement revisited

Author: Meszaros, Karola
Subjects: Mathematics - Combinatorics, 52C35, 06A07
Abstract: The number of regions of the type A_{n-1} Shi arrangement in R^n is counted by the intrinsically beautiful formula (n+1)^{n-1}. First proved by Shi, this result motivated Pak and Stanley as well as Athanasiadis and Linusson to provide bijective proofs. We give a description of the Athanasiadis-Linusson bijection and generalize it to a bijection between the regions of the type C_n Shi arrangement in R^n and sequences a_1a_2...a_n, where a_i \in \{-n, -n+1,..., -1, 0, 1,..., n-1, n\}, i \in [n]. Our bijections naturally restrict to bijections between regions of the arrangements with a certain number of ceilings (or floors) and sequences with a given number of distinct elements. A special family of posets, whose antichains encode the regions of the arrangements, play a central role in our approach., Comment: 15 pages, 7 figures
Published: 2011

538. Neutrino analysis of the September 2010 Crab Nebula flare and time-integrated constraints on neutrino emission from the Crab using IceCube

Author: IceCube Collaboration, Abbasi, R., Abdou, Y., Abu-Zayyad, T., Adams, J., Aguilar, J. A., Ahlers, M., Altmann, D., Andeen, K., Auffenberg, J., Bai, X., Baker, M., Barwick, S. W., Bay, R., Alba, J. L. Bazo, Beattie, K., Beatty, J. J., Bechet, S., Becker, J. K., Becker, K. -H., Benabderrahmane, M. L., BenZvi, S., Berdermann, J., Berghaus, P., Berley, D., Bernardini, E., Bertrand, D., Besson, D. Z., Bindig, D., Bissok, M., Blaufuss, E., Blumenthal, J., Boersma, D. J., Bohm, C., Bose, D., Böser, S., Botner, O., Brown, A. M., Buitink, S., Caballero-Mora, K. S., Carson, M., Chirkin, D., Christy, B., Clem, J., Clevermann, F., Cohen, S., Colnard, C., Cowen, D. F., D'Agostino, M. V., Danninger, M., Daughhetee, J., Davis, J. C., De Clercq, C., Demirörs, L., Denger, T., Depaepe, O., Descamps, F., Desiati, P., de Vries-Uiterweerd, G., DeYoung, T., Díaz-Vélez, J. C., Dierckxsens, M., Dreyer, J., Dumm, J. P., Ehrlich, R., Eisch, J., Ellsworth, R. W., Engdegård, O., Euler, S., Evenson, P. A., Fadiran, O., Fazely, A. R., Fedynitch, A., Feintzeig, J., Feusels, T., Filimonov, K., Finley, C., Fischer-Wasels, T., Foerster, M. M., Fox, B. D., Franckowiak, A., Franke, R., Gaisser, T. K., Gallagher, J., Gerhardt, L., Gladstone, L., Glüsenkamp, T., Goldschmidt, A., Goodman, J. A., Gora, D., Grant, D., Griesel, T., Groß, A., Grullon, S., Gurtner, M., Ha, C., Hajismail, A., Hallgren, A., Halzen, F., Han, K., Hanson, K., Heinen, D., Helbing, K., Herquet, P., Hickford, S., Hill, G. C., Hoffman, K. D., Homeier, A., Hoshina, K., Hubert, D., Huelsnitz, W., Hülß, J. -P., Hulth, P. O., Hultqvist, K., Hussain, S., Ishihara, A., Jacobsen, J., Japaridze, G. S., Johansson, H., Joseph, J. M., Kampert, K. -H., Kappes, A., Karg, T., Karle, A., Kenny, P., Kiryluk, J., Kislat, F., Klein, S. R., Köhne, J. -H., Kohnen, G., Kolanoski, H., Köpke, L., Kopper, S., Koskinen, D. J., Kowalski, M., Kowarik, T., Krasberg, M., Krings, T., Kroll, G., Kurahashi, N., Kuwabara, T., Labare, M., Lafebre, S., Laihem, K., Landsman, H., Larson, M. J., Lauer, R., Lünemann, J., Madajczyk, B., Madsen, J., Majumdar, P., Marotta, A., Maruyama, R., Mase, K., Matis, H. S., Meagher, K., Merck, M., Mészáros, P., Meures, T., Middell, E., Milke, N., Miller, J., Montaruli, T., Morse, R., Movit, S. M., Nahnhauer, R., Nam, J. W., Naumann, U., Nießen, P., Nygren, D. R., Odrowski, S., Olivas, A., Olivo, M., O'Murchadha, A., Ono, M., Panknin, S., Paul, L., Heros, C. Pérez de los, Petrovic, J., Piegsa, A., Pieloth, D., Porrata, R., Posselt, J., Price, C. C., Price, P. B., Przybylski, G. T., Rawlins, K., Redl, P., Resconi, E., Rhode, W., Ribordy, M., Rizzo, A., Rodrigues, J. P., Roth, P., Rothmaier, F., Rott, C., Ruhe, T., Rutledge, D., Ruzybayev, B., Ryckbosch, D., Sander, H. -G., Santander, M., Sarkar, S., Schatto, K., Schmidt, T., Schönwald, A., Schukraft, A., Schultes, A., Schulz, O., Schunck, M., Seckel, D., Semburg, B., Seo, S. H., Sestayo, Y., Seunarine, S., Silvestri, A., Slipak, A., Spiczak, G. M., Spiering, C., Stamatikos, M., Stanev, T., Stephens, G., Stezelberger, T., Stokstad, R. G., Stössl, A., Stoyanov, S., Strahler, E. A., Straszheim, T., Stür, M., Sullivan, G. W., Swillens, Q., Taavola, H., Taboada, I., Tamburro, A., Tepe, A., Ter-Antonyan, S., Tilav, S., Toale, P. A., Toscano, S., Tosi, D., Turčan, D., van Eijndhoven, N., Vandenbroucke, J., Van Overloop, A., van Santen, J., Vehring, M., Voge, M., Walck, C., Waldenmaier, T., Wallraff, M., Walter, M., Weaver, Ch., Wendt, C., Westerhoff, S., Whitehorn, N., Wiebe, K., Wiebusch, C. H., Williams, D. R., Wischnewski, R., Wissing, H., Wolf, M., Wood, T. R., Woschnagg, K., Xu, C., Xu, X. W., Yodh, G., Yoshida, S., Zarzhitsky, P., and Zoll, M.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: We present the results for a search of high-energy muon neutrinos with the IceCube detector in coincidence with the Crab nebula flare reported on September 2010 by various experiments. Due to the unusual flaring state of the otherwise steady source we performed a prompt analysis of the 79-string configuration data to search for neutrinos that might be emitted along with the observed gamma-rays. We performed two different and complementary data selections of neutrino events in the time window of 10 days around the flare. One event selection is optimized for discovery of E^-2 neutrino spectrum typical of 1st order Fermi acceleration. A similar event selection has also been applied to the 40-string data to derive the time-integrated limits to the neutrino emission from the Crab. The other event selection was optimized for discovery of neutrino spectra with softer spectral index and TeV energy cut-offs as observed for various galactic sources in gamma-rays. The 90% CL best upper limits on the Crab flux during the 10 day flare are 4.73 x 10^-11 cm-2 s-1 TeV-1 for an E^-2 neutrino spectrum and 2.50 x 10^-10 cm-2 s-1 TeV-1 for a softer neutrino spectra of E-2.7, as indicated by Fermi measurements during the flare. IceCube has also set a time-integrated limit on the neutrino emission of the Crab using 375.5 days of livetime of the 40-string configuration data. This limit is compared to existing models of neutrino production from the Crab and its impact on astrophysical parameters is discussed. The most optimistic predictions of some models are already rejected by the IceCube neutrino telescope with more than 90% CL.
Published: 2011
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539. Observation of Anisotropy in the Arrival Directions of Galactic Cosmic Rays at Multiple Angular Scales with IceCube

Author: IceCube Collaboration, Abbasi, R., Abdou, Y., Abu-Zayyad, T., Adams, J., Aguilar, J. A., Ahlers, M., Altmann, D., Andeen, K., Auffenberg, J., Bai, X., Baker, M., Barwick, S. W., Bay, R., Alba, J. L. Bazo, Beattie, K., Beatty, J. J., Bechet, S., Becker, J. K., Becker, K. -H., Benabderrahmane, M. L., BenZvi, S., Berdermann, J., Berghaus, P., Berley, D., Bernardini, E., Bertrand, D., Besson, D. Z., Bindig, D., Bissok, M., Blaufuss, E., Blumenthal, J., Boersma, D. J., Bohm, C., Bose, D., Böser, S., Botner, O., Brown, A. M., Buitink, S., Caballero-Mora, K. S., Carson, M., Chirkin, D., Christy, B., Clem, J., Clevermann, F., Cohen, S., Colnard, C., Cowen, D. F., D'Agostino, M. V., Danninger, M., Daughhetee, J., Davis, J. C., De Clercq, C., Demirörs, L., Denger, T., Depaepe, O., Descamps, F., Desiati, P., de Vries-Uiterweerd, G., DeYoung, T., Díaz-Vélez, J. C., Dierckxsens, M., Dreyer, J., Dumm, J. P., Ehrlich, R., Eisch, J., Ellsworth, R. W., Engdegård, O., Euler, S., Evenson, P. A., Fadiran, O., Fazely, A. R., Fedynitch, A., Feintzeig, J., Feusels, T., Filimonov, K., Finley, C., Fischer-Wasels, T., Foerster, M. M., Fox, B. D., Franckowiak, A., Franke, R., Gaisser, T. K., Gallagher, J., Gerhardt, L., Gladstone, L., Glüsenkamp, T., Goldschmidt, A., Goodman, J. A., Gora, D., Grant, D., Griesel, T., Groß, A., Grullon, S., Gurtner, M., Ha, C., Hajismail, A., Hallgren, A., Halzen, F., Han, K., Hanson, K., Heinen, D., Helbing, K., Herquet, P., Hickford, S., Hill, G. C., Hoffman, K. D., Homeier, A., Hoshina, K., Hubert, D., Huelsnitz, W., Hülß, J. -P., Hulth, P. O., Hultqvist, K., Hussain, S., Ishihara, A., Jacobsen, J., Japaridze, G. S., Johansson, H., Joseph, J. M., Kampert, K. -H., Kappes, A., Karg, T., Karle, A., Kenny, P., Kiryluk, J., Kislat, F., Klein, S. R., Köhne, J. -H., Kohnen, G., Kolanoski, H., Köpke, L., Kopper, S., Koskinen, D. J., Kowalski, M., Kowarik, T., Krasberg, M., Krings, T., Kroll, G., Kurahashi, N., Kuwabara, T., Labare, M., Lafebre, S., Laihem, K., Landsman, H., Larson, M. J., Lauer, R., Lünemann, J., Madajczyk, B., Madsen, J., Majumdar, P., Marotta, A., Maruyama, R., Mase, K., Matis, H. S., Meagher, K., Merck, M., Mészáros, P., Meures, T., Middell, E., Milke, N., Miller, J., Montaruli, T., Morse, R., Movit, S. M., Nahnhauer, R., Nam, J. W., Naumann, U., Nießen, P., Nygren, D. R., Odrowski, S., Olivas, A., Olivo, M., O'Murchadha, A., Ono, M., Panknin, S., Paul, L., Heros, C. Pérez de los, Petrovic, J., Piegsa, A., Pieloth, D., Porrata, R., Posselt, J., Price, C. C., Price, P. B., Przybylski, G. T., Rawlins, K., Redl, P., Resconi, E., Rhode, W., Ribordy, M., Rizzo, A., Rodrigues, J. P., Roth, P., Rothmaier, F., Rott, C., Ruhe, T., Rutledge, D., Ruzybayev, B., Ryckbosch, D., Sander, H. -G., Santander, M., Sarkar, S., Schatto, K., Schmidt, T., Schönwald, A., Schukraft, A., Schultes, A., Schulz, O., Schunck, M., Seckel, D., Semburg, B., Seo, S. H., Sestayo, Y., Seunarine, S., Silvestri, A., Slipak, A., Spiczak, G. M., Spiering, C., Stamatikos, M., Stanev, T., Stephens, G., Stezelberger, T., Stokstad, R. G., Stössl, A., Stoyanov, S., Strahler, E. A., Straszheim, T., Stür, M., Sullivan, G. W., Swillens, Q., Taavola, H., Taboada, I., Tamburro, A., Tepe, A., Ter-Antonyan, S., Tilav, S., Toale, P. A., Toscano, S., Tosi, D., Turčan, D., van Eijndhoven, N., Vandenbroucke, J., Van Overloop, A., van Santen, J., Vehring, M., Voge, M., Walck, C., Waldenmaier, T., Wallraff, M., Walter, M., Weaver, Ch., Wendt, C., Westerhoff, S., Whitehorn, N., Wiebe, K., Wiebusch, C. H., Williams, D. R., Wischnewski, R., Wissing, H., Wolf, M., Wood, T. R., Woschnagg, K., Xu, C., Xu, X. W., Yodh, G., Yoshida, S., Zarzhitsky, P., and Zoll, M.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: Between May 2009 and May 2010, the IceCube neutrino detector at the South Pole recorded 32 billion muons generated in air showers produced by cosmic rays with a median energy of 20 TeV. With a data set of this size, it is possible to probe the southern sky for per-mille anisotropy on all angular scales in the arrival direction distribution of cosmic rays. Applying a power spectrum analysis to the relative intensity map of the cosmic ray flux in the southern hemisphere, we show that the arrival direction distribution is not isotropic, but shows significant structure on several angular scales. In addition to previously reported large-scale structure in the form of a strong dipole and quadrupole, the data show small-scale structure on scales between 15 degrees and 30 degrees. The skymap exhibits several localized regions of significant excess and deficit in cosmic ray intensity. The relative intensity of the smaller-scale structures is about a factor of 5 weaker than that of the dipole and quadrupole structure. The most significant structure, an excess localized at right ascension 122.4 degrees and declination -47.4 degrees, extends over at least 20 degrees in right ascension and has a post-trials significance of 5.3 sigma. The origin of this anisotropy is still unknown., Comment: Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal
Published: 2011
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540. GRIPS - Gamma-Ray Imaging, Polarimetry and Spectroscopy

Author: Greiner, J., Mannheim, K., Aharonian, F., Ajello, M., Balasz, L. G., Barbiellini, G., Bellazzini, R., Bishop, S., Bisnovatij-Kogan, G. S., Boggs, S., Bykov, A., DiCocco, G., Diehl, R., Elsässer, D., Foley, S., Fransson, C., Gehrels, N., Hanlon, L., Hartmann, D., Hermsen, W., Hillebrandt, W., Hudec, R., Iyudin, A., Jose, J., Kadler, M., Kanbach, G., Klamra, W., Kiener, J., Klose, S., Kreykenbohm, I., Kuiper, L. M., Kylafis, N., Labanti, C., Langanke, K., Langer, N., Larsson, S., Leibundgut, B., Laux, U., Longo, F., Maeda, K., Marcinkowski, R., Marisaldi, M., McBreen, B., McBreen, S., Meszaros, A., Nomoto, K., Pearce, M., Peer, A., Pian, E., Prantzos, N., Raffelt, G., Reimer, O., Rhode, W., Ryde, F., Schmidt, C., Silk, J., Shustov, B. M., Strong, A., Tanvir, N., Thielemann, F. -K., Tibolla, O., Tierney, D., Trümper, J., Varshalovich, D. A., Wilms, J., Wrochna, G., Zdziarski, A., and Zoglauer, A.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: We propose to perform a continuously scanning all-sky survey from 200 keV to 80 MeV achieving a sensitivity which is better by a factor of 40 or more compared to the previous missions in this energy range. The Gamma-Ray Imaging, Polarimetry and Spectroscopy (GRIPS) mission addresses fundamental questions in ESA's Cosmic Vision plan. Among the major themes of the strategic plan, GRIPS has its focus on the evolving, violent Universe, exploring a unique energy window. We propose to investigate $\gamma$-ray bursts and blazars, the mechanisms behind supernova explosions, nucleosynthesis and spallation, the enigmatic origin of positrons in our Galaxy, and the nature of radiation processes and particle acceleration in extreme cosmic sources including pulsars and magnetars. The natural energy scale for these non-thermal processes is of the order of MeV. Although they can be partially and indirectly studied using other methods, only the proposed GRIPS measurements will provide direct access to their primary photons. GRIPS will be a driver for the study of transient sources in the era of neutrino and gravitational wave observatories such as IceCUBE and LISA, establishing a new type of diagnostics in relativistic and nuclear astrophysics. This will support extrapolations to investigate star formation, galaxy evolution, and black hole formation at high redshifts., Comment: to appear in Exp. Astron., special vol. on M3-Call of ESA's Cosmic Vision 2010; 25 p., 25 figs; see also www.grips-mission.eu
Published: 2011
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541. A Search for a Diffuse Flux of Astrophysical Muon Neutrinos with the IceCube 40-String Detector

Author: IceCube Collaboration, Abbasi, R., Abdou, Y., Abu-Zayyad, T., Adams, J., Aguilar, J. A., Ahlers, M., Andeen, K., Auffenberg, J., Bai, X., Baker, M., Barwick, S. W., Bay, R., Alba, J. L. Bazo, Beattie, K., Beatty, J. J., Bechet, S., Becker, J. K., Becker, K. -H., Benabderrahmane, M. L., BenZvi, S., Berdermann, J., Berghaus, P., Berley, D., Bernardini, E., Bertrand, D., Besson, D. Z., Bindig, D., Bissok, M., Blaufuss, E., Blumenthal, J., Boersma, D. J., Bohm, C., Bose, D., Böser, S., Botner, O., Braun, J., Brown, A. M., Buitink, S., Carson, M., Chirkin, D., Christy, B., Clem, J., Clevermann, F., Cohen, S., Colnard, C., Cowen, D. F., D'Agostino, M. V., Danninger, M., Daughhetee, J., Davis, J. C., De Clercq, C., Demirörs, L., Denger, T., Depaepe, O., Descamps, F., Desiati, P., de Vries-Uiterweerd, G., DeYoung, T., Díaz-Vélez, J. C., Dierckxsens, M., Dreyer, J., Dumm, J. P., Ehrlich, R., Eisch, J., Ellsworth, R. W., Engdegård, O., Euler, S., Evenson, P. A., Fadiran, O., Fazely, A. R., Fedynitch, A., Feusels, T., Filimonov, K., Finley, C., Fischer-Wasels, T., Foerster, M. M., Fox, B. D., Franckowiak, A., Franke, R., Gaisser, T. K., Gallagher, J., Geisler, M., Gerhardt, L., Gladstone, L., Glüsenkamp, T., Goldschmidt, A., Goodman, J. A., Gora, D., Grant, D., Griesel, T., Groß, A., Grullon, S., Gurtner, M., Ha, C., Hallgren, A., Halzen, F., Han, K., Hanson, K., Heinen, D., Helbing, K., Herquet, P., Hickford, S., Hill, G. C., Hoffman, K. D., Homeier, A., Hoshina, K., Hubert, D., Huelsnitz, W., Hülß, J. -P., Hulth, P. O., Hultqvist, K., Hussain, S., Ishihara, A., Jacobsen, J., Japaridze, G. S., Johansson, H., Joseph, J. M., Kampert, K. -H., Kappes, A., Karg, T., Karle, A., Kelley, J. L., Kenny, P., Kiryluk, J., Kislat, F., Klein, S. R., Köhne, J. -H., Kohnen, G., Kolanoski, H., Köpke, L., Kopper, S., Koskinen, D. J., Kowalski, M., Kowarik, T., Krasberg, M., Krings, T., Kroll, G., Kuwabara, T., Labare, M., Lafebre, S., Laihem, K., Landsman, H., Larson, M. J., Lauer, R., Lünemann, J., Madsen, J., Majumdar, P., Marotta, A., Maruyama, R., Mase, K., Matis, H. S., Meagher, K., Merck, M., Mészáros, P., Meures, T., Middell, E., Milke, N., Miller, J., Montaruli, T., Morse, R., Movit, S. M., Nahnhauer, R., Nam, J. W., Naumann, U., Nießen, P., Nygren, D. R., Odrowski, S., Olivas, A., Olivo, M., O'Murchadha, A., Ono, M., Panknin, S., Paul, L., Heros, C. Pérez de los, Petrovic, J., Piegsa, A., Pieloth, D., Porrata, R., Posselt, J., Price, P. B., Przybylski, G. T., Rawlins, K., Redl, P., Resconi, E., Rhode, W., Ribordy, M., Rizzo, A., Rodrigues, J. P., Roth, P., Rothmaier, F., Rott, C., Ruhe, T., Rutledge, D., Ruzybayev, B., Ryckbosch, D., Sander, H. -G., Santander, M., Sarkar, S., Schatto, K., Schmidt, T., Schönwald, A., Schukraft, A., Schultes, A., Schulz, O., Schunck, M., Seckel, D., Semburg, B., Seo, S. H., Sestayo, Y., Seunarine, S., Silvestri, A., Slipak, A., Spiczak, G. M., Spiering, C., Stamatikos, M., Stanev, T., Stephens, G., Stezelberger, T., Stokstad, R. G., Stössl, A., Stoyanov, S., Strahler, E. A., Straszheim, T., Stür, M., Sullivan, G. W., Swillens, Q., Taavola, H., Taboada, I., Tamburro, A., Tepe, A., Ter-Antonyan, S., Tilav, S., Toale, P. A., Toscano, S., Tosi, D., Turčan, D., van Eijndhoven, N., Vandenbroucke, J., Van Overloop, A., van Santen, J., Vehring, M., Voge, M., Walck, C., Waldenmaier, T., Wallraff, M., Walter, M., Weaver, Ch., Wendt, C., Westerhoff, S., Whitehorn, N., Wiebe, K., Wiebusch, C. H., Williams, D. R., Wischnewski, R., Wissing, H., Wolf, M., Wood, T. R., Woschnagg, K., Xu, C., Xu, X. W., Yodh, G., Yoshida, S., and Zarzhitsky, P.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: The IceCube Neutrino Observatory is a 1 km$^{3}$ detector currently taking data at the South Pole. One of the main strategies used to look for astrophysical neutrinos with IceCube is the search for a diffuse flux of high-energy neutrinos from unresolved sources. A hard energy spectrum of neutrinos from isotropically distributed astrophysical sources could manifest itself as a detectable signal that may be differentiated from the atmospheric neutrino background by spectral measurement. This analysis uses data from the IceCube detector collected in its half completed configuration which operated between April 2008 and May 2009 to search for a diffuse flux of astrophysical muon neutrinos. A total of 12,877 upward going candidate neutrino events have been selected for this analysis. No evidence for a diffuse flux of astrophysical muon neutrinos was found in the data set leading to a 90 percent C.L. upper limit on the normalization of an $E^{-2}$ astrophysical $\nu_{\mu}$ flux of $8.9 \times 10^{-9} \ \mathrm{GeV \ cm^{-2} \ s^{-1} \ sr^{-1}}$. The analysis is sensitive in the energy range between $35 \ \mathrm{TeV} - 7 \ \mathrm{PeV}$. The 12,877 candidate neutrino events are consistent with atmospheric muon neutrinos measured from 332 GeV to 84 TeV and no evidence for a prompt component to the atmospheric neutrino spectrum is found., Comment: 20 pages, 13 figures
Published: 2011
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542. GeV Emission from Collisional Magnetized Gamma Ray Bursts

Author: Mészáros, P. and Rees, M. J.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract: Magnetic fields may play a dominant role in gamma-ray bursts, and recent observations by the Fermi satellite indicate that GeV radiation, when detected, arrives delayed by seconds from the onset of the MeV component. Motivated by this, we discuss a magnetically dominated jet model where both magnetic dissipation and nuclear collisions are important. We show that, for parameters typical of the observed bursts, such a model involving a realistic jet structure can reproduce the general features of the MeV and a separate GeV radiation component, including the time delay between the two. The model also predicts a multi-GeV neutrino component., Comment: ApJ(Lett.), in press
Published: 2011
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543. Discovery of the Onset of Rapid Accretion by a Dormant Massive Black Hole

Author: Burrows, D. N., Kennea, J. A., Ghisellini, G., Mangano, V., Zhang, B., Page, K. L., Eracleous, M., Romano, P., Sakamoto, T., Falcone, A. D., Osborne, J. P., Campana, S., Beardmore, A. P., Breeveld, A. A., Chester, M. M., Corbet, R., Covino, S., Cummings, J. R., D'Avanzo, P., D'Elia, V., Esposito, P., Evans, P. A., Fugazza, D., Gelbord, J. M., Hiroi, K., Holland, S. T., Huang, K. Y., Im, M., Israel, G., Jeon, Y., Jeon, Y. -B., Kawai, N., Krimm, H. A., Mészáros, P., Negoro, H., Omodei, N., Park, W. -K., Perkins, J. S., Sugizaki, M., Sung, H. -I., Tagliaferri, G., Troja, E., Ueda, Y., Urata, Y., Usui, R., Antonelli, L. A., Barthelmy, S. D., Cusumano, G., Giommi, P., Marshall, F. E., Melandri, A., Perri, M., Racusin, J. L., Sbarufatti, B., Siegel, M. H., and Gehrels, N.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: Massive black holes are believed to reside at the centres of most galaxies. They can be- come detectable by accretion of matter, either continuously from a large gas reservoir or impulsively from the tidal disruption of a passing star, and conversion of the gravitational energy of the infalling matter to light. Continuous accretion drives Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN), which are known to be variable but have never been observed to turn on or off. Tidal disruption of stars by dormant massive black holes has been inferred indirectly but the on- set of a tidal disruption event has never been observed. Here we report the first discovery of the onset of a relativistic accretion-powered jet in the new extragalactic transient, Swift J164449.3+573451. The behaviour of this new source differs from both theoretical models of tidal disruption events and observations of the jet-dominated AGN known as blazars. These differences may stem from transient effects associated with the onset of a powerful jet. Such an event in the massive black hole at the centre of our Milky Way galaxy could strongly ionize the upper atmosphere of the Earth, if beamed towards us., Comment: Submitted to Nature. 4 pages, 3 figures (main paper). 26 pages, 13 figures (supplementary information)
Published: 2011
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544. Time-Dependent Searches for Point Sources of Neutrinos with the 40-String and 22-String Configurations of IceCube

Author: The IceCube Collaboration, Abbasi, R., Abdou, Y., Abu-Zayyad, T., Adams, J., Aguilar, J. A., Ahlers, M., Andeen, K., Auffenberg, J., Bai, X., Baker, M., Barwick, S. W., Bay, R., Alba, J. L. Bazo, Beattie, K., Beatty, J. J., Bechet, S., Becker, J. K., Becker, K. -H., Benabderrahmane, M. L., BenZvi, S., Berdermann, J., Berghaus, P., Berley, D., Bernardini, E., Bertrand, D., Besson, D. Z., Bindig, D., Bissok, M., Blaufuss, E., Blumenthal, J., Boersma, D. J., Bohm, C., Bose, D., Böser, S., Botner, O., Braun, J., Brown, A. M., Buitink, S., Carson, M., Chirkin, D., Christy, B., Clem, J., Clevermann, F., Cohen, S., Colnard, C., Cowen, D. F., D'Agostino, M. V., Danninger, M., Daughhetee, J., Davis, J. C., De Clercq, C., Demirörs, L., Denger, T., Depaepe, O., Descamps, F., Desiati, P., de Vries-Uiterweerd, G., DeYoung, T., Díaz-Vélez, J. C., Dierckxsens, M., Dreyer, J., Dumm, J. P., Ehrlich, R., Eisch, J., Ellsworth, R. W., Engdegård, O., Euler, S., Evenson, P. A., Fadiran, O., Fazely, A. R., Fedynitch, A., Feusels, T., Filimonov, K., Finley, C., Fischer-Wasels, T., Foerster, M. M., Fox, B. D., Franckowiak, A., Franke, R., Gaisser, T. K., Gallagher, J., Geisler, M., Gerhardt, L., Gladstone, L., Glüsenkamp, T., Goldschmidt, A., Goodman, J. A., Grant, D., Griesel, T., Groß, A., Grullon, S., Gurtner, M., Ha, C., Hallgren, A., Halzen, F., Han, K., Hanson, K., Heinen, D., Helbing, K., Herquet, P., Hickford, S., Hill, G. C., Hoffman, K. D., Homeier, A., Hoshina, K., Hubert, D., Huelsnitz, W., Hülß, J. -P., Hulth, P. O., Hultqvist, K., Hussain, S., Ishihara, A., Jacobsen, J., Japaridze, G. S., Johansson, H., Joseph, J. M., Kampert, K. -H., Kappes, A., Karg, T., Karle, A., Kelley, J. L., Kenny, P., Kiryluk, J., Kislat, F., Klein, S. R., Köhne, J. -H., Kohnen, G., Kolanoski, H., Köpke, L., Kopper, S., Koskinen, D. J., Kowalski, M., Kowarik, T., Krasberg, M., Krings, T., Kroll, G., Kuehn, K., Kurahashi, N., Kuwabara, T., Labare, M., Lafebre, S., Laihem, K., Landsman, H., Larson, M. J., Lauer, R., Lünemann, J., Madsen, J., Majumdar, P., Marotta, A., Maruyama, R., Mase, K., Matis, H. S., Meagher, K., Merck, M., Mészáros, P., Meures, T., Middell, E., Milke, N., Miller, J., Montaruli, T., Morse, R., Movit, S. M., Nahnhauer, R., Nam, J. W., Naumann, U., Nießen, P., Nygren, D. R., Odrowski, S., Olivas, A., Olivo, M., O'Murchadha, A., Ono, M., Panknin, S., Paul, L., Heros, C. Pérez de los, Petrovic, J., Piegsa, A., Pieloth, D., Porrata, R., Posselt, J., Price, P. B., Prikockis, M., Przybylski, G. T., Rawlins, K., Redl, P., Resconi, E., Rhode, W., Ribordy, M., Rizzo, A., Rodrigues, J. P., Roth, P., Rothmaier, F., Rott, C., Ruhe, T., Rutledge, D., Ruzybayev, B., Ryckbosch, D., Sander, H. -G., Santander, M., Sarkar, S., Schatto, K., Schmidt, T., Schönwald, A., Schukraft, A., Schultes, A., Schulz, O., Schunck, M., Seckel, D., Semburg, B., Seo, S. H., Sestayo, Y., Seunarine, S., Silvestri, A., Slipak, A., Spiczak, G. M., Spiering, C., Stamatikos, M., Stanev, T., Stephens, G., Stezelberger, T., Stokstad, R. G., Stössl, A., Stoyanov, S., Strahler, E. A., Straszheim, T., Stür, M., Sullivan, G. W., Swillens, Q., Taavola, H., Taboada, I., Tamburro, A., Tepe, A., Ter-Antonyan, S., Tilav, S., Toale, P. A., Toscano, S., Tosi, D., Turčan, D., van Eijndhoven, N., Vandenbroucke, J., Van Overloop, A., van Santen, J., Vehring, M., Voge, M., Walck, C., Waldenmaier, T., Wallraff, M., Walter, M., Weaver, Ch., Wendt, C., Westerhoff, S., Whitehorn, N., Wiebe, K., Wiebusch, C. H., Williams, D. R., Wischnewski, R., Wissing, H., Wolf, M., Woschnagg, K., Xu, C., Xu, X. W., Yodh, G., Yoshida, S., and Zarzhitsky, P.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: This paper presents searches for flaring sources of neutrinos using the IceCube neutrino telescope. For the first time, a search is performed over the entire parameter space of energy, direction and time looking for neutrino flares of 20 microseconds to a year duration from astrophysical sources among the atmospheric neutrino and muon backgrounds. Searches which integrate over time are less sensitive to flares because they are affected by a larger background of atmospheric neutrinos and muons that can be reduced by the time constraint. Flaring sources considered here, such as active galactic nuclei, soft gamma-ray repeaters and gamma-ray bursts, are promising candidate neutrino emitters. We used mainly data taken between April 5, 2008 and May 20, 2009 by a partially completed configuration of IceCube with 40 strings. For the presented searches an unbinned maximum likelihood method is used with a time-dependent prior to test several different source hypotheses. An "untriggered" search covers any possible time-dependent emission from sources not correlated to any other observation using other astrophysical messengers such as photons. Moreover, a similar time scan is performed for a predefined catalogue of sources that exhibit intense photon flares. Searches triggered by multi-wavelength information on flares from blazars and soft gamma-ray repeaters are performed using the 40 string data and also the data taken by the previous configuration of 22 strings in operation between May 31, 2007 and April 5, 2008. Flares for which extensive and continuous monitoring is available from Fermi-LAT and SWIFT and flares detected by imaging Cherenkov telescopes with shorter time-scale monitoring are considered. The results from all searches are compatible with a fluctuation of the background., Comment: 37 pages, 14 figures. Accepted to the Astrophysical Journal
Published: 2011
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545. High Energy Neutrino Emission from the Earliest Gamma-Ray Bursts

Author: Gao, Shan, Toma, Kenji, and Meszaros, Peter
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract: We discuss the high energy neutrino emission from gamma-ray bursts resulting from the earliest generation (`population III') stars forming in the Universe, whose core collapses into a black hole. These gamma-ray bursts are expected to produce a highly relativistic, magnetically dominated jet, where protons can be accelerated to ultra-high energies. These interact with the photons produced by the jet, leading to ultra-high energy photo-meson neutrinos as well as secondary leptons and photons. The photon luminosity and the shock properties, and thus the neutrino spectrum, depend on the mass of the black holes as well as on the density of the surrounding external gas. We calculate the individual source neutrino spectral fluxes and the expected diffuse neutrino flux for various source parameters and evolution scenarios. Both the individual and diffuse signals appear detectable in the 1-300 PeV range with current and planned neutrino detectors such as IceCube and ARIANNA, provided the black hole mass is in excess of 30-100 solar masses. This provides a possible test for the debated mass of the progenitor stellar objects, as well as a probe for the early cosmological environment and the formation rate of the earliest structures., Comment: 13 pages, 10 figures, 2 tables, Phys. Rev. D, in press
Published: 2011
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546. Some extensions of Alon's Nullstellensatz

Author: Kós, Géza, Mészáros, Tamás, and Rónyai, Lajos
Subjects: Mathematics - Combinatorics, Mathematics - Commutative Algebra, 05-XX, 05E40, 12D10
Abstract: Alon's combinatorial Nullstellensatz, and in particular the resulting nonvanishing criterion is one of the most powerful algebraic tools in combinatorics, with many important applications. In this paper we extend the nonvanishing theorem in two directions. We prove a version allowing multiple points. Also, we establish a variant which is valid over arbitrary commutative rings, not merely over subrings of fields. As an application, we prove extensions of the theorem of Alon and F\"uredi on hyperplane coverings of discrete cubes., Comment: Inital submission: Thu, 24 Mar 2011
Published: 2011

547. Constraints on the Extremely-high Energy Cosmic Neutrino Flux with the IceCube 2008-2009 Data

Author: IceCube Collaboration, Abbasi, R., Abdou, Y., Abu-Zayyad, T., Adams, J., Aguilar, J. A., Ahlers, M., Andeen, K., Auffenberg, J., Bai, X., Baker, M., Barwick, S. W., Bay, R., Alba, J. L. Bazo, Beattie, K., Beatty, J. J., Bechet, S., Becker, J. K., Becker, K. -H., Benabderrahmane, M. L., BenZvi, S., Berdermann, J., Berghaus, P., Berley, D., Bernardini, E., Bertrand, D., Besson, D. Z., Bindig, D., Bissok, M., Blaufuss, E., Blumenthal, J., Boersma, D. J., Bohm, C., Bose, D., Böser, S., Botner, O., Braun, J., Brown, A. M., Buitink, S., Carson, M., Chirkin, D., Christy, B., Clem, J., Clevermann, F., Cohen, S., Colnard, C., Cowen, D. F., D'Agostino, M. V., Danninger, M., Daughhetee, J., Davis, J. C., De Clercq, C., Demirörs, L., Denger, T., Depaepe, O., Descamps, F., Desiati, P., de Vries-Uiterweerd, G., DeYoung, T., Díaz-Vélez, J. C., Dierckxsens, M., Dreyer, J., Dumm, J. P., Ehrlich, R., Eisch, J., Ellsworth, R. W., Engdegård, O., Euler, S., Evenson, P. A., Fadiran, O., Fazely, A. R., Fedynitch, A., Feusels, T., Filimonov, K., Finley, C., Fischer-Wasels, T., Foerster, M. M., Fox, B. D., Franckowiak, A., Franke, R., Gaisser, T. K., Gallagher, J., Geisler, M., Gerhardt, L., Gladstone, L., Glüsenkamp, T., Goldschmidt, A., Goodman, J. A., Gora, D., Grant, D., Griesel, T., Groß, A., Grullon, S., Gurtner, M., Ha, C., Hallgren, A., Halzen, F., Han, K., Hanson, K., Heinen, D., Helbing, K., Herquet, P., Hickford, S., Hill, G. C., Hoffman, K. D., Homeier, A., Hoshina, K., Hubert, D., Huelsnitz, W., Hülß, J. -P., Hulth, P. O., Hultqvist, K., Hussain, S., Ishihara, A., Jacobsen, J., Japaridze, G. S., Johansson, H., Joseph, J. M., Kampert, K. -H., Kappes, A., Karg, T., Karle, A., Kelley, J. L., Kenny, P., Kiryluk, J., Kislat, F., Klein, S. R., Köhne, J. -H., Kohnen, G., Kolanoski, H., Köpke, L., Kopper, S., Koskinen, D. J., Kowalski, M., Kowarik, T., Krasberg, M., Krings, T., Kroll, G., Kuwabara, T., Labare, M., Lafebre, S., Laihem, K., Landsman, H., Larson, M. J., Lauer, R., Lünemann, J., Madsen, J., Majumdar, P., Marotta, A., Maruyama, R., Mase, K., Matis, H. S., Meagher, K., Merck, M., Mészáros, P., Meures, T., Middell, E., Milke, N., Miller, J., Montaruli, T., Morse, R., Movit, S. M., Nahnhauer, R., Nam, J. W., Naumann, U., Nießen, P., Nygren, D. R., Odrowski, S., Olivas, A., Olivo, M., O'Murchadha, A., Ono, M., Panknin, S., Paul, L., Heros, C. Pérez de los, Petrovic, J., Piegsa, A., Pieloth, D., Porrata, R., Posselt, J., Price, P. B., Przybylski, G. T., Rawlins, K., Redl, P., Resconi, E., Rhode, W., Ribordy, M., Rizzo, A., Rodrigues, J. P., Roth, P., Rothmaier, F., Rott, C., Ruhe, T., Rutledge, D., Ruzybayev, B., Ryckbosch, D., Sander, H. -G., Santander, M., Sarkar, S., Schatto, K., Schmidt, T., Schönwald, A., Schukraft, A., Schultes, A., Schulz, O., Schunck, M., Seckel, D., Semburg, B., Seo, S. H., Sestayo, Y., Seunarine, S., Silvestri, A., Slipak, A., Spiczak, G. M., Spiering, C., Stamatikos, M., Stanev, T., Stephens, G., Stezelberger, T., Stokstad, R. G., Stössl, A., Stoyanov, S., Strahler, E. A., Straszheim, T., Stür, M., Sullivan, G. W., Swillens, Q., Taavola, H., Taboada, I., Tamburro, A., Tepe, A., Ter-Antonyan, S., Tilav, S., Toale, P. A., Toscano, S., Tosi, D., Turčan, D., van Eijndhoven, N., Vandenbroucke, J., Van Overloop, A., van Santen, J., Vehring, M., Voge, M., Walck, C., Waldenmaier, T., Wallraff, M., Walter, M., Weaver, Ch., Wendt, C., Westerhoff, S., Whitehorn, N., Wiebe, K., Wiebusch, C. H., Williams, D. R., Wischnewski, R., Wissing, H., Wolf, M., Wood, T. R., Woschnagg, K., Xu, C., Xu, X. W., Yodh, G., Yoshida, S., and Zarzhitsky, P.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: We report on a search for extremely-high energy neutrinos with energies greater than $10^6$ GeV using the data taken with the IceCube detector at the South Pole. The data was collected between April 2008 and May 2009 with the half completed IceCube array. The absence of signal candidate events in the sample of 333.5 days of livetime significantly improves model independent limit from previous searches and allows to place a limit on the diffuse flux of cosmic neutrinos with an $E^{-2}$ spectrum in the energy range $2.0 \times 10^{6}$ $-$ $6.3 \times 10^{9}$ GeV to a level of $E^2 \phi \leq 3.6 \times 10^{-8}$ ${\rm GeV cm^{-2} sec^{-1}sr^{-1}}$., Comment: 9 pages, 4 figures. This corresponds to the paper Phys.Rev.D 83, 092003(2011), and its erratum Phys.Rev.D 84, 079902(2011)
Published: 2011
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548. Background studies for acoustic neutrino detection at the South Pole

Author: The IceCube Collaboration, Abbasi, R., Abdou, Y., Abu-Zayyad, T., Adams, J., Aguilar, J. A., Ahlers, M., Andeen, K., Auffenberg, J., Bai, X., Baker, M., Barwick, S. W., Bay, R., Alba, J. L. Bazo, Beattie, K., Beatty, J. J., Bechet, S., Becker, J. K., Becker, K. -H., Benabderrahmane, M. L., BenZvi, S., Berdermann, J., Berghaus, P., Berley, D., Bernardini, E., Bertrand, D., Besson, D. Z., Bindig, D., Bissok, M., Blaufuss, E., Blumenthal, J., Boersma, D. J., Bohm, C., Bose, D., Böser, S., Botner, O., Braun, J., Brown, A. M., Buitink, S., Carson, M., Chirkin, D., Christy, B., Clem, J., Clevermann, F., Cohen, S., Colnard, C., Cowen, D. F., D'Agostino, M. V., Danninger, M., Daughhetee, J., Davis, J. C., De Clercq, C., Demirörs, L., Denger, T., Depaepe, O., Descamps, F., Desiati, P., de Vries-Uiterweerd, G., DeYoung, T., Diaz-Vélez, J. C., Dierckxsens, M., Dreyer, J., Dumm, J. P., Ehrlich, R., Eisch, J., Ellsworth, R. W., Engdegård, O., Euler, S., Evenson, P. A., Fadiran, O., Fazely, A. R., Fedynitch, A., Feusels, T., Filimonov, K., Finley, C., Fischer-Wasels, T., Foerster, M. M., Fox, B. D., Franckowiak, A., Franke, R., Gaisser, T. K., Gallagher, J., Geisler, M., Gerhardt, L., Gladstone, L., Glüsenkamp, T., Goldschmidt, A., Goodman, J. A., Grant, D., Griesel, T., Groß, A., Grullon, S., Gurtner, M., Ha, C., Hallgren, A., Halzen, F., Han, K., Hanson, K., Heinen, D., Helbing, K., Herquet, P., Hickford, S., Hill, G. C., Hoffman, K. D., Homeier, A., Hoshina, K., Hubert, D., Huelsnitz, W., Hülß, J. -P., Hulth, P. O., Hultqvist, K., Hussain, S., Ishihara, A., Jacobsen, J., Japaridze, G. S., Johansson, H., Joseph, J. M., Kampert, K. -H., Kappes, A., Karg, T., Karle, A., Kelley, J. L., Kenny, P., Kiryluk, J., Kislat, F., Klein, S. R., Köhne, J. -H., Kohnen, G., Kolanoski, H., Köpke, L., Kopper, S., Koskinen, D. J., Kowalski, M., Kowarik, T., Krasberg, M., Krings, T., Kroll, G., Kuehn, K., Kuwabara, T., Labare, M., Lafebre, S., Laihem, K., Landsman, H., Larson, M. J., Lauer, R., Lünemann, J., Madsen, J., Majumdar, P., Marotta, A., Maruyama, R., Mase, K., Matis, H. S., Meagher, K., Merck, M., Mészáros, P., Meures, T., Middell, E., Milke, N., Miller, J., Montaruli, T., Morse, R., Movit, S. M., Nahnhauer, R., Nam, J. W., Naumann, U., Nießen, P., Nygren, D. R., Odrowski, S., Olivas, A., Olivo, M., O'Murchadha, A., Ono, M., Panknin, S., Paul, L., Heros, C. Pérez de los, Petrovic, J., Piegsa, A., Pieloth, D., Porrata, R., Posselt, J., Price, P. B., Prikockis, M., Przybylski, G. T., Rawlins, K., Redl, P., Resconi, E., Rhode, W., Ribordy, M., Rizzo, A., Rodrigues, J. P., Roth, P., Rothmaier, F., Rott, C., Ruhe, T., Rutledge, D., Ruzybayev, B., Ryckbosch, D., Sander, H. -G., Santander, M., Sarkar, S., Schatto, K., Schmidt, T., Schönwald, A., Schukraft, A., Schultes, A., Schulz, O., Schunck, M., Seckel, D., Semburg, B., Seo, S. H., Sestayo, Y., Seunarine, S., Silvestri, A., Slipak, A., Spiczak, G. M., Spiering, C., Stamatikos, M., Stanev, T., Stephens, G., Stezelberger, T., Stokstad, R. G., Stössl, A., Stoyanov, S., Strahler, E. A., Straszheim, T., Stür, M., Sullivan, G. W., Swillens, Q., Taavola, H., Taboada, I., Tamburro, A., Tepe, A., Ter-Antonyan, S., Tilav, S., Toale, P. A., Toscano, S., Tosi, D., Turčan, D., van Eijndhoven, N., Vandenbroucke, J., Van Overloop, A., van Santen, J., Vehring, M., Voge, M., Walck, C., Waldenmaier, T., Wallraff, M., Walter, M., Weaver, Ch., Wendt, C., Westerhoff, S., Whitehorn, N., Wiebe, K., Wiebusch, C. H., Williams, D. R., Wischnewski, R., Wissing, H., Wolf, M., Woschnagg, K., Xu, C., Xu, X. W., Yanez, J. P., Yodh, G., Yoshida, S., and Zarzhitsky, P.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract: The detection of acoustic signals from ultra-high energy neutrino interactions is a promising method to measure the tiny flux of cosmogenic neutrinos expected on Earth. The energy threshold for this process depends strongly on the absolute noise level in the target material. The South Pole Acoustic Test Setup (SPATS), deployed in the upper part of four boreholes of the IceCube Neutrino Observatory, has monitored the noise in Antarctic ice at the geographic South Pole for more than two years down to 500 m depth. The noise is very stable and Gaussian distributed. Lacking an in-situ calibration up to now, laboratory measurements have been used to estimate the absolute noise level in the 10 to 50 kHz frequency range to be smaller than 20 mPa. Using a threshold trigger, sensors of the South Pole Acoustic Test Setup registered acoustic pulse-like events in the IceCube detector volume and its vicinity. Acoustic signals from refreezing IceCube holes and from anthropogenic sources have been used to localize acoustic events. Monte Carlo simulations of sound propagating from the established sources to the SPATS sensors have allowed to check corresponding model expectations. An upper limit on the neutrino flux at energies $E_\nu > 10^{11}$ GeV is derived from acoustic data taken over eight months., Comment: 17 pages, 14 figures
Published: 2011
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549. Universal Sets for Straight-Line Embeddings of Bicolored Graphs

Author: Cibulka, Josef, Kyncl, Jan, Mészáros, Viola, Stolar, Rudolf, and Valtr, Pavel
Subjects: Computer Science - Discrete Mathematics, 52C10, 05C62
Abstract: A set S of n points is 2-color universal for a graph G on n vertices if for every proper 2-coloring of G and for every 2-coloring of S with the same sizes of color classes as G has, G is straight-line embeddable on S. We show that the so-called double chain is 2-color universal for paths if each of the two chains contains at least one fifth of all the points, but not if one of the chains is more than approximately 28 times longer than the other. A 2-coloring of G is equitable if the sizes of the color classes differ by at most 1. A bipartite graph is equitable if it admits an equitable proper coloring. We study the case when S is the double-chain with chain sizes differing by at most 1 and G is an equitable bipartite graph. We prove that this S is not 2-color universal if G is not a forest of caterpillars and that it is 2-color universal for equitable caterpillars with at most one half non-leaf vertices. We also show that if this S is equitably 2-colored, then equitably properly 2-colored forests of stars can be embedded on it., Comment: extended version of the paper "Hamiltonian alternating paths on bicolored double-chains" presented at Graph Drawing 2008
Published: 2011
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550. Cosmological effects on the observed flux and fluence distributions of gamma-ray bursts: Are the most distant bursts in general the faintest ones?

Author: Meszaros, Attila, Ripa, Jakub, and Ryde, Felix
Subjects: Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: Several claims have been put forward that an essential fraction of long-duration BATSE gamma-ray bursts should lie at redshifts larger than 5. This point-of-view follows from the natural assumption that fainter objects should, on average, lie at larger redshifts. However, redshifts larger than 5 are rare for bursts observed by Swift, seemingly contradicting the BATSE estimates. The purpose of this article is to clarify this contradiction. We derive the cosmological relationships between the observed and emitted quantities, and we arrive at a prediction that can be tested on the ensembles of bursts with determined redshifts. This analysis is independent on the assumed cosmology, on the observational biases, as well as on any gamma-ray burst model. Four different samples are studied: 8 BATSE bursts with redshifts, 13 bursts with derived pseudo-redshifts, 134 Swift bursts with redshifts, and 6 Fermi bursts with redshifts. The controversy can be explained by the fact that apparently fainter bursts need not, in general, lie at large redshifts. Such a behaviour is possible, when the luminosities (or emitted energies) in a sample of bursts increase more than the dimming of the observed values with redshift. In such a case dP(z)/dz > 0 can hold, where P(z) is either the peak-flux or the fluence. All four different samples of the long bursts suggest that this is really the case. This also means that the hundreds of faint, long-duration BATSE bursts need not lie at high redshifts, and that the observed redshift distribution of long Swift bursts might actually represent the actual distribution., Comment: Accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysics, 5 figures, 7 tables
Published: 2011
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