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The aim of this work was to determine the differences between indoor and outdoor aeromicological composition. The aerobiological study was performed, from 15 January to 14 April 2008, using two volumetric spore traps, one placed indoors and another positioned outdoors on the roof of the Faculdade de Ciências building. A total of 23 000 spores were sampled outdoors and 15 500 spores were identified indoors. In both environments, the most abundant fungal spores were Cladosporium, Aspergillus/Penicillium, Agaricus, Rusts, Agrocybe and Lepthosphaeria. Moreover, Alternaria, Botrytis, Coprinus, Fusarium and Ganoderma spores were also detected in the outdoor air. The outdoor maximum (858 spores m(-3) day(-1)) was registered on the 9 February whereas the indoor peak (614 spores m(-3) day(-1)) was reached two days later. Qualitative similarities were found between the indoor and outdoor aeromicological content however quantitatively spore concentrations differed, suggesting the existence of airflows between the two environments due to ventilation, inefficient isolation or passive transport of spores. The majority of the selected fungal types were night sporulators, the exceptions were Aspergillus/Penicillium and Cladosporium, with daily maximum values during the morning and the afternoon, respectively. Several of the identified spores have been proved as causal agents of respiratory problems. Therefore, it is important to know the microbial composition of indoor air in order to take measures to improve air quality helping to reduce health problems related to respiratory allergic diseases in sensitized patients.

It is shown how to define the canonic formulation for orthogonal models associated to commutative Jordan algebras. This canonic formulation is then used to carry out inference. The case of models with commutative orthogonal block structures is stressed out.

This paper describes changes to the classical copper electrolysis experiment that reduce the deposition time. The most salient modification replaces metal strips with a piezoelectric quartz crystal...

The influence of temperature and storage period on pollen quality of Actinidia deliciosa (A. Chev.) C. F. Liang & A. R. Ferguson was studied. Pollen collected from male flowers was stored under different conditions (20°C, 65% RH; –20°C, 51% RH; –80°C, 55% RH and –196°C by direct immersion in liquid nitrogen). During the preservation period, viability and in vitro germination percentages were evaluated at regular periods. The results show that –20°C was the best temperature at which to preserve pollen of A. deliciosa because it retains high viability and germination. At 20°C, germination was totally lost within 8 weeks, and at –80°C or –196°C germination drastically dropped over the same period of preservation. In the 2002 blossoming season, the pollen preserved at –20°C was used for hand pollination in order to estimate its seed set capacity. Thirty days after fruit-set, all fruits were long and well shaped, indicating a successful pollination. Our results indicate a simple and reliable method to preserve pollen of A. deliciosa that can be easily used by farmers.

Research on PM high-speed steels and their composites started at INETI in 1984. The PM route adopted has been either vacuum or atmosphere sintering of water atomised powders compacted to shape. A wide range of equipment covers the several steps of this processing route water atomisation, compaction (uniaxial or isostatic), sintering, heat treatment and characterisation (microstructure and mechanical properties). This paper presents results obtained in the current research activity on these materials at INETI in the frame of European Community (EC) contracts and also in collaboration with some Portuguese industries (tool manufacturers).

In previous work, Nunes and Dias (1980) demonstrated that low sodium concentrations in the root medium of intact or decapitated young sugar beet plants grown under controlled conditions modified leaf water relations and increased leaf area and dry weight. The present study confirms these findings and presents further results concerning the effect of salt on the concentrations of the main osmotic substrates and on the structural and chemical fractions of the cell dry weight. Increases of water and turgor potentials (0-25 MPa and 0-4 MPa, respectively) and a small decrease in osmotic potential (0-16 MPa) were found in the leaves of salt treated plants. In these plants, osmotic potentials estimated from the concentration of ions and organic solutes in the leaf sap agree with those measured showing that the observed increase in sodium concentration may account for the small decrease in the osmotic potential. No changes were detected in the concentration of orthophosphate or malic acid but total acidity of the leaf sap from salt treated plants was significantly lower. It was found that all the main components of cell dry matter (total protein, soluble sugars, pigments and crude cell wall) contributed to the dry weight increase in the salt treated plants. Among the polysaccharide fractions of the cell wall, pectins increased significantly relative to hemicellulose and cellulose.

Physalis angulata is a medicinal plant with valuable pharmacological activities. The physiology of stress in this plant can play an important role in the induction or maximization of the production of physalin F, B, D and G, bioactive secondary metabolites described as immunosuppressive, anti-malarial and anti-leishmanial agents. P. angulata was cultivated from seeds which had been previously primed in PEG 6000 solution and non-primed seeds. After 45 days, the plants were exposed to water restriction and saline stress in the field for 13 days. Seedling emergence and growth after stress treatment were assessed. Seco-steroids were quantified in leaves and stems by HPLC/PDA. The emergence rate was 14% higher in primed seeds. The types of irrigation proved to have a significant influence on the number of leaves and fruits, plant height and stem diameter, irrespective of whether the seeds were primed or not. The biomass of the fruits, stems and roots was also decreased by water restriction and saline stress. Physalin content in ethanol extracts increased in leaves, mainly after saline stress and from primed seeds. Despite the biomass reduction caused by the treatments, stress application led to an increase in the production of bioactive metabolites.

ResumoOs linfomas não Hodgkin extranodais atingem o sistema endócrino em apenas 3% dos casos. A tiroide é o órgão mais frequentemente atingido, sendo a glândula suprarrenal raramente afetada.Descreve‐se o caso de uma doente de 88 anos, referindo, com um mês de evolução, quadro de náuseas, vómitos, letargia, perda de peso e febre. Como antecedentes pessoais, a salientar, HTA, asma e glaucoma. À observação: hipotensão, ausência de adenopatias ou massas abdominais palpáveis. Laboratorialmente: hemoglobina 8,8g/dL (12‐15), glicemia 106mg/dL (70‐110), sódio 125nmol/L (136‐145), potássio 3,5nmol/L (3,5‐5,1) e proteína C reativa 15mg/dL (

This paper proposes a dimension reduction technique for estimation in linear mixed models. Specifically, we show that in a linear mixed model, the maximum-likelihood (ML) problem can be rewritten as a substantially simpler optimization problem which presents at least two main advantages: the number of variables in the simplified problem is lower and the search domain of the simplified problem is a compact set. Whereas the former advantage reduces the computational burden, the latter permits the use of stochastic optimization methods well qualified for closed bounded domains. The developed dimension reduction technique makes the computation of ML estimates, for fixed effects and variance components, feasible with large computational savings. Computational experience is reported here with the results evidencing an overall good performance of the proposed technique.

Eurasian otters (Lutra lutra Linnaeus, 1758) are present in a wide range of aquatic environments. Salmonella isolates have been obtained from otters at rehabilitation centers and in the wild and are sometimes associated with serious illnesses. Antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella were isolated from otter fecal samples collected in March 2006, September 2007, and March 2008 in two river basins in southern Portugal. From 67 samples tested, five were positive for Salmonella (7.58%). None of the isolates were susceptible to all antimicrobials tested, and all were resistant to multiple antimicrobials. Our results confirm the role of otters as potential carriers of Salmonella and the importance of environmental exposure to antimicrobial agents in selection for resistance in bacteria.

Mestrado em Engenharia do Ambiente A água é um bem essencial e indispensável à sobrevivência dos seres vivos. O consumo desmedido de água e a sua poluição pode ter inúmeras consequências para a saúde das populações, para o equilíbrio dos ecossistemas ou até mesmo levar à escassez ou desequilíbrio entre água necessária e disponível para consumo humano. Desta forma, torna-se essencial proteger os recursos hídricos, evitando a sua poluição e tratando-os. O processo de tratamento biológico de águas residuais urbanas por lamas ativadas, tem vindo a ser amplamente usado nas ETAR- Estação de Tratamento de Águas Residuais. O presente relatório tem como objetivo o estudo da capacidade de nitrificação do reator biológico da ETAR Sul, se este processo esta já a ser realizado ou no caso de não, qual o dimensionamento necessário para tal. Foi realizado o estudo do dimensionamento para o tanque com e sem processo de nitrificação, com base numa caracterização de diversas formas de azoto afluente ao reator biológico, nomeadamente, azoto total, azoto de Kjeldahl, nitratos e nitritos. Conclui-se que para o caudal atual, a ETAR precisa de 6112 m3, para realizar o processo de nitrificação e para o caudal esperado nos próximos anos, de 22134 m3/d, precisará de um volume de 7562,8 m3. Estes dois casos são possíveis uma vez que o volume necessário não ultrapassa o existente. No caso do caudal descrito para o horizonte de projeto, a ETAR iria precisar de 9539,7 m3 a mais do que o existente. Em relação ao processo de desnitrificação a ETAR consegue realizar o processo juntamente com a nitrificação apenas para o caudal atual, quando utilizados os outros valores de caudal a ETAR não consegue dar resposta em termos de volume disponível à realização dos processos. Water is essential and indispensable to the survival of living beings. The excessive consumption of water and its pollution may have numerous consequences for the health of populations, the balance of ecosystems or even lead to water scarcity or imbalance between needed and available water for human consumption. Thus, it becomes essential to protect water resources, preventing pollution and treating them. The process of biological treatment of urban waste water by activated sludge has been widely used in WWTP- Wastewater Treatment Plant. This report aims to evaluate the ability of nitrification of the biological reactor, verify if this process is already being done, or if not, what is the required sizing for this. The study was conducted for scaling the tank with and without nitrification process, based on a characterization of various forms of nitrogen affluent to the biological reactor, including nitrogen total Kjeldahl nitrogen, nitrate and nitrite. It was concluded that to the current flow , the WWTP needs 6,112 m3 to perform nitrification and for the flow rate expected in the upcoming years, 22,134 m3 / d, will need a volume of 7562.8 m3. These two cases are possible once the required volume does not exceed the existing one. In the case of the flow described for the horizon project, the WWTP would need 9539.7 m3, more than the existing one. Regarding the denitrification process , the WWTP can perform the process with nitrification only for the current flow. When using other flow values , the WWTP fails to answer in terms of volume available to the realization of the processes.

Background Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis is the etiologic agent of caseous lymphadenitis, a common disease in small ruminant populations throughout the world and responsible for a significant economic impact for producers. Case presentation To our knowledge, this is the first characterization of C. pseudotuberculosis from caseous lymphadenitis lesions in Black Alentejano pig (Sus scrofa domesticus). In this study, phenotypic and genotypic identification methods allocated the swine isolates in C. pseudotuberculosis biovar ovis. The vast majority of the isolates were able to produce phospholipase D and were susceptible to most of the antimicrobial compounds tested. Macrorestriction patterns obtained by Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE) grouped the C. pseudotuberculosis in two clusters with a high similarity index, which reveals their clonal relatedness. Furthermore, swine isolates were compared with C. pseudotuberculosis from caprines and PFGE patterns also showed high similarity, suggesting the prevalence of dominant clones and a potential cross-dissemination between these two animal hosts. Conclusions This work represents the first report of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis from caseous lymphadenitis lesions in Black Alentejano pig and alerts for the importance of the establishment of suitable control and sanitary management practices to control the infection and avoid further dissemination of this important pathogen to other animal hosts.

Research Article Forest and fire management planning activities are carried out mostly independently of each other. This paper discusses research aiming at the development of methods and tools that can be used for enhanced integration of forest and fire management planning activities. Specifically, fire damage models were developed for Eucalyptus globulus Labill stands in Portugal. Models are based on easily measurable forest characteristics so that forest managers may predict post-fire mortality based on forest structure. For this purpose, biometric data and fire-damage descriptors from 2005/2006 National Forest Inventory plots and other sample plots within 2006, 2007 and 2008 fire areas were used. A three-step modelling strategy based on logistic regression methods was used. In the first step, a model was developed to predict whether mortality occurs after a wildfire in a eucalypt stand. In the second step the degree of damage caused by wildfires in stands where mortality occurs is quantified (i.e. percentage of mortality). In the third step this mortality is distributed among trees. Data from over 85 plots and 1648 trees were used for modeling purposes. The damage models show that relative damage increases with stand basal area. Tree level mortality models indicate that trees with high diameters, in dominant positions and located in regular stands are less prone to die when a wildfire occurs info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

The studies in a series may further be considered to have a common structure whenever their corresponding points lie along the first axis. Common structure matched series are modeled in the framework of the STATIS method. For that purpose, the information of each series is summarized in a structure vector and in a sum of square of residues vector. Former models may provide inference capabilities to this overall methodology.

Forest management planning is often challenged by the need to address contrasting preferences from several actors. Participatory approaches may help integrate actors’ preferences and demands and thus address this chal- lenge. Workshops that encompass a participatory approach may further influence actors’ opinions and knowledge through social interaction and facilitate the development of collaborative landscape-level planning. Nevertheless, there is little experience of formal assessment of impacts of workshops with participatory approaches. This re- search addresses this gap. The emphasis is on the development of an approach (a) to quantify actors’ preferences for forest management models, post-fire management options, forest functions, and ecosystem services; (b) to assess the impact of participatory discussions on actors’ opinions; and (c) to evaluate the effect of social interac- tion on the actors’ learning and knowledge. The methodology involves a workshop with participatory approach, matched pre- and post-questionnaires, a non-parametric test, the Wilcoxon Signed-rank test for paired samples, and a self-evaluation questionnaire. We report results from an application to a joint forest management area in Vale do Sousa, in North-Western Por- tugal. Findings suggest that workshop and participatory discussions do contribute to social knowledge and learn- ing about forest management models. Actors debated alternatives that can address their financial and wildfire risk-resistance concerns. Also, during the participatory discussions, actors expressed their interest in multifunc- tional forestry. These findings also suggest an opportunity to enhance forest management planning by promoting landscape-level collaborative forest management plans that may contribute to the diversification of forest man- agement models and to the provision of a wider range of ecosystem services. However, more research is needed to strengthen the pre- and post-questionnaire approach, giving more time to actors to reflect on their preferences, to improve methods for quantifying social learning and to develop actors’ engagement strategies info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Background Escherichia coli is the most common uropathogen involved in urinary tract infection (UTI). Virulence of strains may differ, and may be enhanced by antimicrobial resistance and biofilm formation, resulting in increased morbidity and recurrent infections. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro biofilm forming capacity of E. coli isolates from dogs with UTI, by using fluorescent in situ hybridization, and its association with virulence genes and antimicrobial resistance. Findings The proportion of biofilm-producing isolates significantly increased with the length of incubation time (P 0.05), but was significantly associated with afa, aer and the β-lactamase genes (P

Submitted by Daniela Almeida (danielaoalmeida@live.com) on 2022-07-15T17:48:27Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Daniela Almeida_TESE_15-07-2022_versão final_com revisão PT e EN e normalizada.pdf: 2046846 bytes, checksum: 07f5057a728f1a488fe29a58c01602c9 (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Delba Rosa (delba@ufba.br) on 2022-07-20T16:00:34Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Daniela Almeida_TESE_15-07-2022_versão final_com revisão PT e EN e normalizada.pdf: 2046846 bytes, checksum: 07f5057a728f1a488fe29a58c01602c9 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2022-07-20T16:00:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Daniela Almeida_TESE_15-07-2022_versão final_com revisão PT e EN e normalizada.pdf: 2046846 bytes, checksum: 07f5057a728f1a488fe29a58c01602c9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2022-03-25 FAPESB Introdução: A redução da densidade mineral óssea (DMO) que ocorre na osteoporose induz à fragilidade óssea e susceptibilidade à ocorrência de fraturas, principalmente em mulheres pós-menopáusicas e idosas. O sistema RANK/RANKL/OPG é mecanismo molecular central na determinação da DMO. Esse sistema está sob influência de diversos fatores, como dislipidemia, hiperglicemia, hipertensão e alterações no sistema imunológico e hormonal, os quais contribuem para o desenvolvimento da osteoporose. Contudo, estudos clínicos ainda são contraditórios, havendo achados com correlação positiva, negativa ou ausência de correlação entre esses fatores e perda óssea. Esta divergência pode ser atribuída, em parte, por variações genéticas entre os indivíduos e também por outros aspectos como ancestralidade e hábitos de vida. Objetivo: Investigar correlações entre DMO e polimorfismos do gene da osteoprotegerina (OPG) e do ligante do RANK (RANKL), e com parâmetros metabólicos e antropométricos em idosas matriculadas em uma unidade de ensino em Salvador-BA. Métodos: Trata-se de estudo de corte transversal, que incluiu 67 idosas, com idade ≥60 anos. Para coleta de dados, foi realizada uma entrevista com exame físico, para obtenção de informações sociodemográficas, clínicas e antropométricas. Foi feita a coleta de sangue venoso para dosagem sérica de hormônios, glicemia em jejum, hemoglobina glicada, colesterol total e frações, triglicerídeos, proteína C-reativa (PCR), dentre outras moléculas. A determinação da DMO (em g/cm2) foi feita pelo exame de densitometria óssea do colo do fêmur e coluna lombar pela tecnologia DEXA. Os polimorfismos investigados foram rs2062377, rs3102735, rs6469804 do gene TNFRSF11B que codifica a OPG; e rs9594738, rs9525641 do TNFSF11 que codifica o RANKL, sendo a genotipagem feita a partir de DNA genômico. A análise estatística dos dados foi realizada utilizando o software Statistical Package for Social Sciences for Windows versão 21.0. Nível de significância estatística considerado foi p≤0,05. Resultados: Dois artigos foram produzidos a partir desta pesquisa. No artigo 1, as variáveis antropométricas apresentaram correlação significante com a DMO tanto do colo do fêmur quanto da coluna lombar. Outras variáveis que também apresentaram correlação foram colesterol total, LDL e estradiol com a DMO da coluna lombar, e PCR com a DMO do colo do fêmur. Na análise de regressão linear múltipla, as variáveis, peso corporal, estradiol e LDL, mostraram-se capazes de prever a variabilidade da DMO nos sítios ósseos investigados. No artigo 2, não observamos associação significante entre os genótipos e alelos dos SNPs propostos neste estudo com DMO dos sítios ósseos investigados, apesar de os genótipos TT-rs9594738 e TT-rs9525641 apresentarem maiores valores de massa mineral óssea na coluna lombar e no colo de fêmur, respectivamente. Na regressão logística bivariada, observou-se que o uso de fármacos anti-hipertensivos reduziu as chances de as idosas apresentarem DMO baixa tanto no colo de fêmur quanto para coluna lombar de maneira significativa. Conclusão: Dentre todas as variáveis investigadas, o peso corporal e o estradiol exercem maior influência na determinação da massa mineral óssea do colo do fêmur, enquanto que o peso corporal e o LDL exercem maior influência na massa mineral da coluna lombar de idosas. Nenhum dos SNPs do estudo parece contribuir para a variabilidade da DMO nos sítios ósseos investigados. Além disso, o uso de anti-hipertensivos parece ser o principal fator que reduz as chances de perda de DMO no colo do fêmur e na coluna lombar em idosas fisicamente ativas e de ancestralidade mista. Introduction: The reduction in bone mineral density (BMD) due to osteoporosis induces bone fragility and susceptibility to fractures, especially in postmenopausal and elderly women. The RANK/RANKL/OPG system is a key molecular mechanism in the determination of BMD. It is under influence of several factors, such as dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, hypertension and changes in the immune and hormonal system, which contribute to the development of osteoporosis. However, clinical studies are still contradictory, with findings showing a positive, negative or no correlation between these factors and bone loss. This divergence can be partially attributed to genetic variations between subjects and, also, to other factors such as ethnicity and life habits. Objectives: It aims to investigate correlations among BMD, polymorphisms of the osteoprotegerin (OPG) and RANK ligand (RANKL) genes, and metabolic and anthropometric parameters in elderly women enrolled in an educational institute for elderly in Salvador-BA. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study, which included 67 elderly women aged ≥60 years. For data collection, an interview followed by physical examination was performed to obtain sociodemographic, clinical and anthropometric information. Blood samples were collected for assessing serum levels of hormones, fasting glucose and Hb1AC, total cholesterol and fractions, C-reactive protein (CRP), and other molecules. The determination of BMD (in g/cm2) was acquired by bone densitometry of femoral neck and lumbar spine by using DEXA technology. The investigated SNPs were rs2062377, rs3102735, rs6469804 from TNFRSF11B gene that encodes OPG; and rs9594738, rs9525641 from TNFSF11 that encodes RANKL, and they were genotyped from genomic DNA. Statistical analysis was performed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences for Windows, version 21.0. Statistical significance level considered was p≤0.05. Results: Two papers were generated from this research. In paper 1, every anthropometric variable showed a significant correlation with BMD in both femoral neck and lumbar spine sites. In addition, total cholesterol, LDL and estradiol were correlated with lumbar spine BMD, while CRP was correlated with femoral neck BMD. In the multivariate linear regression analysis, body weight, estradiol and LDL were able to predict the variability of BMD in the investigated bone sites. In paper 2, we did not observe a significant association among the genotypic and allelic frequencies of any proposed SNP between individuals with normal BMD and low BMD of the investigated bone sites, despite the TT-rs9594738 and TT-rs9525641 have presented the highest values of mineral mass bone in the lumbar spine and femoral neck, respectively. In bivariate logistic regression, we observed that the use of antihypertensive drugs significantly reduced the chances of low BMD in both femoral neck and lumbar spine in elderly women. Conclusion: Among all investigated variables, body weight and estradiol exert the greatest influence on the determination of femoral neck BMD, while body weight and LDL exert the greatest influence on lumbar spine BMD in elderly women. In addition, the use of antihypertensive drugs seems to be the main factor that reduces the odds of low BMD in femoral neck and lumbar spine in physical active elderly women of mixed ancestry.

Submitted by Júlia Canto e Sousa (juliacantonut@gmail.com) on 2022-04-27T18:46:58Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação PPGPIOS - JÚLIA CANTO E SOUSA.pdf: 2026615 bytes, checksum: a49042cccdc83dfe3f843a3315798c79 (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Delba Rosa (delba@ufba.br) on 2022-05-10T20:11:53Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação PPGPIOS - JÚLIA CANTO E SOUSA.pdf: 2026615 bytes, checksum: a49042cccdc83dfe3f843a3315798c79 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2022-05-10T20:11:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação PPGPIOS - JÚLIA CANTO E SOUSA.pdf: 2026615 bytes, checksum: a49042cccdc83dfe3f843a3315798c79 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2022-03-07 CAPES Introdução: O envelhecimento é caracterizado por alterações fisiológicas que predispõem o desgaste muscular, o qual pode ser potencializado por um mau estado nutricional e por um estado inflamatório crônico, sistêmico e de baixo grau característico do envelhecimento, denominado inflammaging. Estes fatores estão associados com dinapenia e sarcopenia em idosos, sobretudo os institucionalizados. Objetivo: Investigar, durante a pandemia de COVID-19, a associação entre estado nutricional e inflamatório com dinapenia e sarcopenia, em idosos institucionalizados. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo transversal, realizado com idosos residentes em um centro de referência em Geriatria e Gerontologia na cidade de Salvador-BA. Coletaram-se dados sociodemográficos e clínicos. O diagnóstico de dinapenia e de sarcopenia se basearam no Consenso Europeu de Sarcopenia: a dinapenia foi avaliada por dinamômetro; a massa muscular, por circunferência da panturrilha; e o desempenho físico, pela Short Physical Performance Balance. O estado nutricional foi avaliado por meio da MiniAvaliação Nutricional e o estado inflamatório por meio de exames laboratoriais de proteína C-reativa, razões neutrófilos/linfócitos e plaquetas/linfócitos, e pelo Índice Imuno-inflamatório Sistêmico. Para caracterização da população, adotou-se estatística descritiva. Para associações entre variáveis nominais, utilizou-se o teste Qui-Quadrado ou o Exato de Fisher e para variáveis quantitativas, o teste t de Student ou não paramétrico de Mann-Whitney. Resultados: A população foi composta por 46 idosos com média de idade de 80,6 ± 7.5 anos e predominância do sexo feminino (67.4%). A prevalência de dinapenia foi de 100% e a sarcopenia foi confirmada em 82.6%, sendo 97.4% sarcopenia severa e 17,4%, dinapenia isolada. A prevalência de desnutrição ou risco nutricional foi significativamente maior entre os sarcopênicos (78.9%). Não houve diferenças significativas dos marcadores inflamatórios entre os grupos dinapênico e sarcopênico. Conclusão: Houve associação significativa da sarcopenia com pior estado nutricional, mas não com estado inflamatório. Piores desfechos de saúde foram encontrados nos idosos sarcopênicos, indicando o potencial impacto combinado da redução de força, massa muscular e performance física. A alta prevalência de dinapenia, sarcopenia severa e desnutrição ou risco nutricional apontam para a necessidade de maior atenção aos idosos institucionalizados, sobretudo no contexto da pandemia e seus efeitos em longo prazo. Introduction: aging is characterized by physiological changes that predispose to muscle wasting, which can be potentiated by poor nutritional status and a chronic, systemic, low-grade inflammatory state characteristic of aging named inflammaging. These are associated with dynapenia and sarcopenia in the elderly, especially those residents in long-term care facility. Objective: to investigate, during the COVID-19 pandemic, the association between nutritional and inflammatory status with dynapenia and sarcopenia in institutionalized elderly. Methods: this is a cross-sectional study carried out with elderly residents at a referral center for geriatrics and gerontology in the city of Salvador-BA. Sociodemographic and clinical data were collected. The diagnoses of dynapenia and sarcopenia were based on the European Consensus on Sarcopenia (EWGSOP2): dynapenia was assessed by hand dynamometer, muscle mass was assessed by calf circumference (CC) and physical performance was assessed by the Short Physical Performance Balance. Nutritional status was assessed using the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) and inflammatory status by laboratory tests of C-reactive protein (CRP), neutrophil/lymphocyte (RNL) and platelet/lymphocyte (RPL) ratios, and by the immune-inflammation index (SII). Descriptive statistics were used to characterize the population. To assess associations between nominal variables, the Chi-Square or Fisher's Exact test was used, and to assess quantitative variables, the Student's t test or the nonparametric Mann-Whitney test was used. For associations between nominal variables, the chi-square test or Fisher's exact test was used. For quantitative variables, Student's t test or nonparametric Mann-Whitney test was used. Results: the population consisted of 46 elderly people with a mean age of 80.6 ± 7.5 years and a predominance of females (67.4%). The prevalence of dynapenia was 100% and sarcopenia was confirmed in 82.6%, being 97.4% severe sarcopenia, and 17.4% had isolated dynapenia. The prevalence of malnutrition or nutritional risk was significantly higher among sarcopenic patients (78.9%). There were no significant differences in inflammatory markers between the dynapenic and sarcopenic groups. Conclusion: there was a significant association between sarcopenia and worse nutritional status, but not with inflammatory status. Worse health outcomes were found in the sarcopenic elderly, indicating the potential combined impact of reduced strength, muscle mass and physical performance. The high prevalence of dynapenia, severe sarcopenia and malnutrition or nutritional risk point to the need for greater attention to institutionalized elderly people, especially in the context of the pandemic and its long-term effects.

Although disinfection is key to infection control, the colonization patterns and resistomes of hospital-environment microbes remain underexplored. We report the first extensive genomic characterization of microbiomes, pathogens and antibiotic resistance cassettes in a tertiary-care hospital, from repeated sampling (up to 1.5 years apart) of 179 sites associated with 45 beds. Deep shotgun metagenomics unveiled distinct ecological niches of microbes and antibiotic resistance genes characterized by biofilm-forming and human-microbiome-influenced environments with corresponding patterns of spatiotemporal divergence. Quasi-metagenomics with nanopore sequencing provided thousands of high-contiguity genomes, phage and plasmid sequences (>60% novel), enabling characterization of resistome and mobilome diversity and dynamic architectures in hospital environments. Phylogenetics identified multidrug-resistant strains as being widely distributed and stably colonizing across sites. Comparisons with clinical isolates indicated that such microbes can persist in hospitals for extended periods (>8 years), to opportunistically infect patients. These findings highlight the importance of characterizing antibiotic resistance reservoirs in hospitals and establish the feasibility of systematic surveys to target resources for preventing infections., Spatiotemporal characterization of microbial diversity and antibiotic resistance in a tertiary-care hospital reveals broad distribution and persistence of antibiotic-resistant organisms that could cause opportunistic infections in a healthcare setting.

a sepse é a principal causa de mortalidade em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva (UTI), estando frequentemente associada à lesão renal aguda (LRA). Estudos em países desenvolvidos indicam elevada mortalidade relacionada a esta associação, com maior susceptibilidade nas faixas etárias mais avançadas. Entretanto, em países em desenvolvimento, onde a epidemiologia da sepse e da LRA pode diferir substancialmente, os dados da literatura são escassos. Objetivo: determinar a mortalidade de idosos críticos com sepse precoce; investigar variáveis associadas com mortalidade em idosos críticos e verificar se há efeito modificador da LRA na mortalidade de idosos com sepse precoce. Métodos: um corte transversal aninhado a uma coorte em um UTI no Brasil, incluindo 167 pacientes idosos admitidos no período de Janeiro de 2010 a Janeiro de 2011. Dados clínicos-demográficos e laboratoriais foram coletados diariamente desde admissão até óbito ou alta da UTI, sendo excluídos aqueles com diagnóstico de morte encefálica e portadores de insuficiência renal terminal. Sepse foi definida de acordo com as Diretrizes Internacionais de Sepse de 2012 e LRA pelo estágio Risk do RIFLE. As análises estatísticas foram realizadas no software SPSS® versão 17.0, testes do qui-quadrado para comparação de proporções, teste t de Student para comparação de médias e regressão multivariada para identificação de variáveis associadas à morte e ajuste para confundimento. Resultados: a mortalidade foi de 64,83% (IC95% 54,59-73,88) entre idosos sépticos (≥ 60 anos) e 69,23% (IC95% 59,33- 78,12) considerando ponto de corte de países desenvolvidos (idoso≥ 65 anos). As variáveis associadas com óbito foram: necessidade de ventilação mecânica, sepse, cirurgia de emergência, procedência de enfermarias e LRA. A diferença das razões de prevalência de mortalidade entre portadores de LRA superposta a sepse e sepse apenas foi de 37,55%. Conclusão: prevalência de óbitos em idosos sépticos foi bastante elevada, aumentando sobremaneira quando associado à LRA, necessidade de ventilação mecânica e procedência de enfermarias clínicas.

O envelhecimento é relacionado ao aumento da morbidade e crescentes taxas de internação hospitalar no Centro de Terapia Intensiva (CTI), com maior tempo de permanência, muitas vezes associado à lesão renal aguda e sepse. Objetivo: Avaliar a associação entre lesão renal aguda (LRA) e longa permanência de idosos internados em CTI; estabelecer preditores de longa permanência e verificar o efeito modificador da presença de sepse associada à LRA no tempo de internamento. Métodos: Estudo de coorte envolvendo 167 idosos internados em CTI, avaliados de janeiro de 2010 a janeiro de 2011. Os dados clínicos, sociodemográficos e laboratoriais foram coletados no momento da admissão (permitindo o cálculo do escore de APACHE II, diagnóstico de sepse e estadiamento da LRA de acordo com o RIFLE), diariamente, até ocorrência de LRA, alta da CTI ou óbito, tendo o tempo de permanência em CTI como desfecho. Foram excluídos aqueles com tempo de permanência inferior a 24 horas e com diagnóstico de morte encefálica. Resultados: Do total de pacientes, 95(56,89%) permaneceram internados por tempo igual ou superior a 5 dias. Dos que tinham LRA, 67,6% tiveram tempo de internamento superior a 5 dias versus 38,7% dos pacientes sem LRA; RR = 1,74; IC a 95% (1,55-4,13). Os portadores de LRA, que desenvolveram sepse, tiveram 2,78 (IC a 95%: 1,10-7,09) vezes mais chances de permanecerem internados por cinco dias ou mais, mesmo após ajuste de confundidores. Conclusão: Idosos internados em CTI ao desenvolverem LRA, apresentaram um incremento no risco de longa permanência.

Disciplina afim: Álgebra Um dos mais importantes e frutuosos conceitos em Teoria das Categorias é o de subcategoria reflectiva. Para categorias plenas A de uma categoria X que não são reflectivas interessa pois determinar um invólucro reflectivo de A. Este problema, que tem tomado a atenção de vários matemáticos, é o tema central desta tese. A abordagem feita aqui é baseada no conceito de invólucro ortogonal. Prova-se que numa categoria com colimites conexos as duas noções, invólucro ortogonal e invólucro reflectivo, coincidem se e só se a classe dos morfismo ortogonais a A satisfizer a condição de conjunto solução. É introduzido um novo utens’lio de estudo, o conceito de operador de fecho ortogonal que, entre outros resultados, permite concluir que o invólucro ortogonal é precisamente a subcategoria plena de todos os objectos fortemente fechados e apresentar condições suficientes para que este invólucro seja reflectivo. É demonstrado que a existência de invólucros sólidos para todas as categorias concretas sobre a categoria dos conjuntos com uma subcategoria pequena finalmente densa é equivalente ao Princ’pio Fraco de Vopenka. Por œltimo, estabelecem-se várias relações entre reflectividade, multi-reflectividade e conceitos tais como multi-ortogonalidade, multicocompletude e multi-solidez.