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Objective: To compare the effect of local administration of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) and VECF on improving neovascularization and augmenting the survival areas in a rat model of prefabricated flap., Methods: Prefabricated flaps were created by ligating the right femoral vascular pedicle and implanting it underneath the abdominal flap. The in vitro cultured EPCs (Group I , n=15) and VEGF protein (Group II , n=15) were injected subcutaneously around the implanted pedicle in experimental groups. PBS was injected in control group (Group Ill , n=15). 4 weeks later, the abdominal island flap based solely on the implanted vessels was elevated and sutured back. Then flap viability and numbers of capillary were evaluated on day 7., Results: There was more statistically significant augmentation of flap survival [(87.26 +/- 10.13) % versus (66.13 +/- 9.9)% and (55.59 +/- 13.06)%, P < 0.001], a higher capillary density (38.67 +/- 9.52 versus 25.83 +/- 6.33 and 26.5 +/- 5.61 capillary/mm2 , P < 0.05) in EPCs group than in the other two groups., Conclusions: EPCs are superior to VEGF in improving neovascularization during flap prefabrication. Local transplantation of bone marrow-derived EPCs may be a useful strategy for augmentation of the survival areas of prefabricated flaps.

Reaumuria trigyna is a relic species in the desert shrubbery vegetation in arid regions of northwestern China, and plays an important role in the maintenance of the stability of desert vegetation. In this paper, the seed traits and germination strategy of R. trigyna under different environmental conditions, e.g., light, temperature, soil moisture, and sand bury, were investigated. The results showed that R. trigyna seed had high vigor and high germination rate, and endured reserve. The seed could germinate either in light or in darkness, and the optimal temperature for germination was 20 degrees C - 25 degrees C or 15 degrees C/25 degrees C, with the germination rate being 93%. The seed could start to germinate when soil moisture content was 2%, and the germination rate was the highest (89%) when the moisture content was 12%. The optimal sand burial depth of R. trigyna seed was 1 cm, and no seed would germinate when the sand burial depth was >5 cm. Sand burial depth had significant effects on the seedling's emergence percentage and growth height, but lesser effects on seedling' s mass. Soil moisture and sand burial depth were the main environmental factors limiting the seed germination and seedling emergence of R. trigyna. The high seed germination rate of R. trigyna enhanced the survival risk of its seedlings, which was unfavorable to its handling with the extreme changes of desert environment. Such a character of R. trigyna seed was one of the factors causing the species endangered.

Objective: To investigate the reconstruction of acquired orbital deformities., Methods: Through coronal incisions, subciliary incisions and buccal sulcus incisions, or periorbital wound, the displaced orbital walls were repositioned after osteotomy. And the mandibular outer cortex was used to repair the bone defect, so as to restore the orital integrity., Results: From Sept. 2002 to Jun. 2006, 64 patients with acquired orbital deformities were treated. The integrity of orbit and eyeball location recovered very well., Conclusions: Restoration of the orbital integrity is the key to the treatment of acquired orbital deformities. The periorbital deformities should be corrected after osteotomy with mandibular outer cortex for bone defect.

Objective: To introduce a new prefabricated flap with matched colour, texture, thin enough thickness, large enough dimension and reliability for reconstruction of massive defect of face and neck., Methods: The patients with massive scar of face and neck were selected for treatment with prefabricated flap. Flap prefabrication involved two stages. The "sandwich" structure including the descending branch of the lateral femoral circumflex vessels and surrounding muscle fascia was harvested from the thigh and anastomosed to superior thyroid artery or facial vessels. Flap prefabrication was performed by inserting the fascia flap between the cervicothoracic skin and the tissue expander placed beneath the skin. After a period of expansion, the flap was transferred to the recipient site based on the implanted vessels. The results including complications were examined during follow-up., Results: Nine patients received this treatment. The average dimensions of fascia flap harvested was 6.3 cm x 11.2 cm. After mean interval of 16.7 weeks, the expanders were filled to a mean volume of 1670cc. The size of prefabricated flap ranged from 12 cm x 15 cm to 15 cm x 32 cm. In all cases, the flap efficiently covered the entire defect of the face and neck, and the donor site of the flap is closed primarily. All of the flaps developed venous congestion in some degree after the second operation. Partial flap necrosis occurred in two cases. Three flap was thinned to contour the bulky pedicle. During follow-up, the transferred flap was matched well to the adjacent skin. The reconstructed face restored nature contour and expression. Muscle weakness or paraesthesia was not found in the donor thigh., Conclusions: Cervicothoracic Prefabricated Flap, is reliable and versatile in the reconstruction of massive soft tissue deficits with restoration nature surface and expression of the face and neck.

Objective: To study the anatomy of the cutaneous branch (CB) of supratrochlear artery and its relevance to the design of frontal flap in nasal reconstruction., Methods: 10 fresh cadavers were dissected to study the position and course of the CB of supratrochlear artery (supraorbital rim and facial midline as landmark). The communication between the CB and supraorbital artery was also studied. 5 cases of ultra-thin frontal flaps and 11 cases of bi-flap( cutaneous flap and muscular flap) were designed on anatomic basis. The survival rate of flap, the stability and aesthetic appearance of the reconstructed nose were followed up., Results: The supratrochlear artery gave off constant CB (1.18 +/- 0.36) cm from upper orbital rim and (1.35 +/- 0.34) cm from the midline of face. The CB passed in a subcutaneous plane and communicated with the bilateral muscular branch, CB of the opposite side and bilateral supraorbital artery. The supratrochlear artery only had CB with no muscular branch in 3 cases. All the flaps survived completely except one with blister on the nose tip which healed spontaneously. The postoperative aesthetic appearance was very satisfactory., Conclusions: The supratrochlear artery has constant CB. The frontal ultra-thin flap pedicled with the CB can improve the therapeutic effect of nasal reconstruction.

Objective: To present a variety of techniques for providing nasal lining and discuss the application of these methods to specific nasal defects., Methods: Regard of the nasal defect's location, size, or depth of involvement, the approaches were used with turnover nasal skin or scar flaps (n=17), the buccal mucosal flap (n=1), the nasolabial flaps (n=5), prefabricated flaps (n=1) for lining. A formal nasal reconstruction was then carried out with use of rib cartilage grafts for support and a forehead flap for cover., Results: Necrosis of forehead flaps and lining tissues did not occur. 24 Cases have been followed for a 6-34 months period. Except some turnover scar flaps obstructed the airway and needed aggressive secondary surgical thinning, the other lining flaps remained stable from adequate restoration of form and function., Conclusions: It is important to evaluate the exact sizes, volumes and layers missing of the nasal defects before rebuilding the lining defect. Choosing the adequate operation can provide good aesthetic and functional results. The prefabricated flap is good to be used to reconstruct nasal lining in complicated cases.

Objective: To improve the safety of the abdominoplasty by the study of the complication of abdominal compartment syndrome after abdominoplasty., Methods: Three cases were analyzed and discussed respectively in aspects of clinic symptoms, pathological reason, treatments and follow-up results. The treatment was the incision of musculoaponeurotic system, which usually cause defect of abdominal wall after pressure releasing. The defect of musculoaponeurotic system was reconstructed by Mesh, and the defect of skin was repaired by skin graft., Results: The pathologic change of the complications was the shrinking of the belly cavity's volume and the increasing internal pressure of the abdomen caused the internal pressure of the thoracic cavity increase. The clinical manifestations included compressive feelings of chest and abdomen, high urinary frequency and psychiatric symptom. 2 patients accepted the operation. The abdominal compartment syndrome disappeared after the operation, and the results of the two years follow-up were satisfied., Conclusions: Full abdominoplasty has the risk of causing abdominal compartment syndrome. This complication can be cured by decompression of abdominal wall. The effect is stable after long time's follow-up. Special preventive methods should be used in high-risk patients to avoid this complication.

Objective: To evaluate the significance and effect of nasal aesthetic sub-unit principle., Methods: Based on nasal aesthetic sub-unit, 27 patients were divided into 5 groups according to their nasal defects. They were nasal dorsum, tip, alar lobule, soft triangle and two or two above nasal subunit defects groups. Local restore were applied in defects which were less than 50 percent of one nasal subunit. Total nasal subunit reconstruction were applied, if areas of defects were larger than 50 percent of one nasal subunit 10 cases were received free tissue transplantation (including free skin transplantation, composite auricle transplantation, etc), 4 cases were received local flap, and 13 cases were received forehead flap. Following up for 5 to 37 months, evaluation item were contour and color., Results: Skin transplantation and local flap were all survived. Auricle composite flap were all survived except for 2 cases whose epidermis looked red and purple. These two case's epidermis regained normal 6 months after operation. Forehead flap for nasal reconstruction were all survived, but one of them had to perform secondary surgery for coverage of the exposed nasal frame. 27 cases were followed up in all. Patients and their family members were satisfied with the nasal's contour and color., Conclusions: Good aesthetic effects comes from nasal aesthetic sub-unit principle in nasal reconstruction and repairing of nasal defects.

Objective: To develop a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for detecting Rickettsia prowazekii., Methods: Primers and TaqMan-MGB probes designed based on ompB gene of R. prowazekii, were used to develop this method., Results: For the quantitative real-time PCR, the relationship between the values of threshold cycle (Ct) and the DNA copy number was linear (r = 0.999) and the sensitivity was about 100 times higher than that of the nested PCR for detecting the same DNA sample. The results of the genomic DNA samples of other rickettsial and bacterial agents detected by real-time PCR were all negative. DNAs extracted from blood samples of guinea pig infected with R. prowazekii were examined by real-time PCR and the positive results were obtained from some of these samples. However, the results of some samples in nested PCR assay were all negative., Conclusion: These results suggested that the real-time PCR was highly specific and sensitive for detection of R. prowazekii that was useful for the detection of tiny DNA of R. prowazekii in blood samples from patients suspected of having epidemic typhus.

Objective: To investigate the effective method of preserving composite facial allograft so as to attenuate ischemic injury., Methods: The composite facial allografts were harvested from dog, perfused and preserved with 4 degrees C physiological sodium chloride and UW solution respectively. Immediately after the removal of the flap, after 12, 24, 48 h of preservation, MTT assay was used to determine the viability of several kinds of tissue, including skin, mucosa, muscle, bleed vessel, nerve and gland. The results of the two groups were compared in term of viability percentage. The pathology of several tissues were observed after 24 and 48 h of storage., Results: The viability percentage of every tissue conserved in UW solution for 48 hours was more than 75%. There was significant difference between physiological sodium chloride group and UW group (P < 0.05). Some changes, including Porous arrangement of fibers in connective tissue of skin and mucosa, hyalinization of tissue around the hair follicle and edema of cell in hair follicle, enlargement of space between muscle bundles and unclearness of boundary of acinus could be seen in physiological sodium chloride group while no significant change in UW group., Conclusions: UW solution could be considered as preservation solution for composite facial allograft.

Objective: To explore the operational strategy of harvesting total facial allograft by autopsy., Methods: Twelve fresh human cadavers were dissected. They were divided into two groups randomly. The total facial-scalp flap of the group I was elevated by the bi-pedicle method, the group II was operated with single-pedicle method. Both were dissected at the deep plane of the SMAS. : the time of facial flap harvesting, length of the artery vein and nerve pedicles of the donor were measured and marked, after operation, in each group we transferred one facial allograft to another. Then the free graft of group I was poured through artery by methylthioninium chloride to study vascular territories., Results: Mean harvesting time of the group I (46 +/- 11) minutes, group II (111 +/- 7) minutes, P < 0.01. Perfusion result shows that unilateral superficial temporal artery and the opposite side of the facial artery can supply blood for whole face. The pedicle was long enough for anastomosis. Post-operation appearance: the face looks like neither the donor nor the recipient primarily, It's mainly due to the characteristics of the skeleton and the soft tissues., Conclusions: The bi-pedicle method of the harvesting total facial allograft is concise, fast, safe can be widely applied in clinical.

Objective: To develop an experimental model of composite facial and scalp allograft in canine in order to investigate technical and immunological aspects and functional recovery of facial muscles of this new approach to facial reconstruction., Methods: (1) Anatomic study: Four mongrel dogs were used for anatomical dissection of the head and neck region and for harvesting flap experiment. (2) Autologous transplantation (group I): Three types composite facial and scalp autologous transplantation were performed in five mongrel dogs. Type I composite tissue flap (group I a n = 2) included bilateral external ear and orbicularis oculi muscle. Type II (group I b n = 1) included single-lateral external ear, orbicularis oculi muscle, external nose upper and lower lip. Type III (group I c n = 2) included single - lateral external ear and orbicularis oculi muscle. (3) Allograft transplantation (group II): In group II a (n = 2), two allograft transplantation were performed with type III composite facial and scalp . In group II b (n = 4), four allograft transplantation were performed with the modified type III composite facial and scalp which included single - lateral external ear, orbicularis oculi muscle and one third of inferior tarsal plate and palpebral conjunctiva. To prevent allograft rejection, Cyclosporin A (CsA) and Methylprednisolone (MP) or Prednisone (PS ) were combined used as immunosuppressive protocol . Dose of CsA was adjusted depending on its blood drug level. Electromyogram (EMG) of orbicularis oculi muscle was carried out at 4 weeks, 6 weeks, 12 weeks and 6 months postoperation., Results: (1) The facial anatomic characteristic of dog is similar to that of human being, external carotid artery and external jugular vein afford good blood supply to composite facial and scalp. (2) The dogs in group I c were long-term surviving with leakage of salivary juice. (3) In group II a (n = 2), one dog presented rejection reaction at 28th day postoperation, the reversal of rejection was achieved by increasing the dose of CsA and prednisone and with topical clobetasol for 2 weeks, the dog survived indefinitely( > 309 days). In group II b (n = 4), there were three dogs survived indefinitely ( > 159 days, > 129 days, > 108 days) without complication, EMG showed the function of orbicularis oculi muscle was gradually improving., Conclusion: The modified type III composite facial and scalp allograft transplantation model is an ideal model for facial allograft transplantation study.

Objective: To develop a real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(PCR) assay for detecting Rickettsia rickettsii., Methods: The primers and TaqMan-MGB probe were designed according to the ompB gene of R. rickettsii. A DNA fragment of ompB gene amplified from R. rickettsii by PCR was used as a standard template for the development of the method., Results: 5 copies of ompB fragments of R. rickettsii were detected. The genomic DNA of R. rickettsii was detected by the developed quantitative PCR assay. However, the genomic DNA from another rickettsial or bacterial agent was not determined. Through this developed method, the positive results were obtained from the animals and cells, artificially infected with R. rickettsii., Conclusion: The real-time quantitative PCR assay seemed to be highly sensitive and specific which might be used to rapidly detect R. rickettsia DNA in various samples and to early diagnose patients infected by R. rickettsii.

Objective: To introduce a new free composite flap for the treatment of electric injuries of hands, which can repair the skin, blood vessels, tendons and nerves injuries in just one operation. It may improve the prognosis of electric hand injuries., Methods: 5 patients with electric injuries at wrist were treated by the free composite flap. The procedure is followed: The composite flap was harvested from medial lateral crural skin flap. Its blood supply was from tibial posterior vessels. The perforans arteries to flap and the branches to plantaris were preserved, and the nerve suralis and tendon plantaris were compound into the flap by carefully dissection of crural fascia. At the same time, 3-4 tendons of extensor digitorum longus were inserted into the superficial crural fascia. Thus, blood vessels, nerves and tendons were combined into the flap before transplantation. The composite flap was then transplanted into the recipient site of the electric injuries of hand to repair the long defects of the skin, blood vessels,nerves and tendons in one operation. The evaluation methods of the prognosis are the follows: the active motion function of finger was assessed by flexion and extension function of the fingers. The sensibility function was tested by the standards recommended by British Medical Association., Results: The patients were followed up from 3 to 12 months. All the flaps were survived. Six months after operation, the flexion distance from tip to palmar crease and extension distance from tip to horizontal level of 3 patients were 4-5 cm and 3-4 cm respectively, and the other 2 patients were recovered from 6 cm and 5 cm to 4 cm and 4 cm respectively. The sensibility of finger skin reached to S2 level, and skin temperature rose., Conclusion: The free medial lateral crural composite flap was an ideal one to cure electric injuries at wrist, for it repairs skin, nerves, vessels and tendons defects in just one operation.

Objective: To establish a new method to accurately measure the viability of fat for grafting, which can lay a foundation for the further study of fat transplantation., Methods: We centrifugated 5 groups of fat respectively at 1000 r/min, 2000 r/min, 3000 r/min, 4000 r/min and 5000 r/min, took out 12 samples from per group of centrifugated fat, 5 ml per sample, and put them into dishes to incubate with DMEM containing glucose for one hour. Simultaneously we set up 5 control dishes (only containing DMEM without fat) to incubate together with those experimental dishes. After incubating we measured the glucose consistency of DMEM in all dishes. The glucose consistency difference between the mean value of 5 control dishes and per experimental dish represented the glucose transportation quantity of per sample, in other words, the sample viability. We analyzed and compared the glucose transportation quantity of every group of samples with t test. The 5 groups of fat were also put in histopathologic examination and the amounts of intact adipocytes on per group of slides were compared with T test., Results: The glucose transportation quantities of group 1000 r/min, 2000 r/min, 3000 r/min, 4000 r/min, 5000 r/min gradually decreased in turn (P < 0.05). The histopathologic examination didn't show the difference among group 1000 r/min, 2000 r/min, 3000 r/min and 4000 r/min the 5000 r/min (P > 0.05), and only showed the amounts of intact adipocytes on slides of group 5000 r/min were significantly fewer than other four group (P < 0.05)., Conclusion: The glucose transportation test can be used to accurately measure the viability of fat. The histopathologic examination can reveal fat viability roundly.

Objective: Nerve conduit, a new way to repair peripheral nerve, has good prospect. Now, the main obstacle of the conduit's clinical using is the absence of material with both ideal physical property and good biocompatibility. In this study, the PLA is added to chitosan to form a novel material used to make a new nerve conduit. And the rat modal is used to get the data of the nerve conduit made of new material to repair the defect of peripheral nerve in vivo., Methods: Chitosan-PLA Composite Biodegradable material was used to produce a nerve conduit with depth of 200 um, diameter of 1.5 mm. This new conduit was used to repair the sciatic nerve's defect of 5 mm long. The other two groups as control groups repairs the same defects using silicon conduit or nerve's autograft respectively. 12 weeks after operation, normal assessments were performed including movement of hindlimb, hindlimb's retraction after being pricked by needle and ulcer in claw's palm. Special assessment was performed including histology, ECG, image analysis and weighing of triceps muscle of calf. The data of three groups was statistically analyzed by group t test., Results: As the normal observation showing: after 12 weeks, the regenerating nerve succeeded to path through the gap and dominated the muscle. Special assessment including ECG, image analysis and weighing of triceps muscle of calf showed that the group using Chitosan-PLA Composite conduit had the nervous regeneration better than silicon conduit group both in the nerve's quality and in axon's quantity. And the nervous regeneration of Chitosan-PLA Composite conduit group was as good as that of nervous autograft's group., Conclusions: Chitosan-PLA Composite Biodegradable conduit could repair the defect of peripheral nerves successfully. It is an ideal material for nerve conduit.

Objective: Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was performed with specific probes to make the rapid prenatal diagnosis of Down syndrome., Methods: FISH was performed respectively with locus-specific probe (LSI) 21 and centromeric probe (CEP) X/Y on the uncultured amniotic fluid samplesìand the cultured samples were analyzed by traditional cytogenetics to find the concordance rate between FISH and standard cytogenetics., Results: Amniocentesis was performed in 23 pregnant women. Two samples were discarded because of contamination by maternal blood; one case of culture failed. A typical trisomy 21 found by FISH was in accordance with the result of traditional cytogenetics. A case with abnormal karyotype (X/XY) found by CEPX/Y probe was proved to be normal (46, XY) by cytogenetics. So the concordance rate was 95% (19/20)., Conclusion: FISH is a rapid and reliable method to detect Down syndrome in uncultured amniotic fluid.

Objective: The study was carried out through summarizing and comparing the percentages of long-term complications of four types breast implants, and analyzing the cause of complications., Methods: The study reviewed 573 patients with breast implants including textured or smooth silicone gel-filled or saline filled implants which were placed between 1993 and 2002. 427 cases were selected to followed-up in which the surgical technique, the plane of placement and the operator were all the same. Basing on outcomes of following-up, we summarized all kinds of long-term complications and the incidence of every type of implant., Results: There were 803 of 832 prostheses (94.24%) with good results in 427 cases, while 49 prostheses (5.76%) with varied complications in 42 cases. Baker level III or IV contracture occurred in 26 prostheses, reduction of the breast in 24 prostheses, malposition or pain in 10 prostheses. Rupture or leakage were detected in repeated surgery in 24 prostheses. The more severe capsular contracture happened in cases with silicone gel-filled implant than in cases with saline-filled implant. The reduction of the breast due to the rupture or leakage of implants almost occurred in cases with saline-filled implants. The study also implied the complication incidence had the positive correlation with the length of time after implantation., Conclusions: The data provided by the statistic analysis demonstrated that the distinctly difference of the complication incidence exist only between smooth saline-filled implants and smooth silicone gel-filled implants. But there were no difference among the others. In 30 of 49 prostheses with varied complication of rupture or leakage were detected which could cause the other severe complication. So the quality of implants is the key to decrease the complication incidence, then the degeneration of prostheses after being implanted becomes the urgent and troublesome problem to solve for all of us.

Objective: To improve the paramedian forehead flap for nasal reconstruction., Methods: Based on the findings of the Cutaneous branch of supratrochlear artery, the forehead musculo-cutaneous flap was divided into the musculo-flap and the skin-flap in 3 patients. The musculo-flap were used to reconstruct the septi-bone structure, and envelop silicon nasal-frame, while the skin-flap were used to reconstruct the nose. In 6 patients, the forehead flap was used as a skin-flap just with the muscle pedicle to reconstruct a nose with good appearance of nasal subunits, without the secondary operation., Results: In all of 9 cases, the cutaneous-branch of supratrochlear artery was found 1.7-2.0 cm above the orbital-rim. Eight patients got good results, only 1 patient had to do the secondary operation to coverage the exposed nasal frame., Conclusions: The cutaneous-branch of supratrochlear artery could be an anatomical finding to form the forehead skin-flap and it is a good choice to be used to reconstruct a nose, even in complicated cases.

In this study, the effect of acid treatment of Yima coal on predesulfurization during pyrolysis and partial gasification were investigated. The coal was treated with HCl, HCl-HF and HCl-HNO3 solution, in which different minerals were eliminated. The whole process could be divided into pyrolysis and partial gasification. In pyrolysis process, the evolution of H2S and COS show two peaks, which were 450 degrees C and 600 degrees C respectively. At high temperature, the amount of H2S evolution from acid treated coal was markedly increased compared to the raw coal through the elimination of minerals. In the case of HCl-HNO3 treated sample, the H2S evolution in the low temperature region, below 500 degrees C, was reduced and the COS evolution in higher temperature region, above 500 degrees C, was increased by the chemical oxidation. In the partial gasification process, the sulfide sulfur removal of acid treated coal char was increased, reached about 100% at 800 degrees C. The maximum of total and sulfide sulfur removal of parent coal char were 46.39% and 52.97% at 700 degrees C. Compared to acid treated coal char, the effect of alkaline minerals for fixing sulfur was strengthened with increasing the temperature. The organic sulfur of acid treated coal char was released with carbon gasification, and the value could be constant.

Objective: To investigate an effective treatment of peripheral nerve injuries by means of gene transference., Methods: 48 adult Wister rats were divided evenly into 3 groups. A 10 mm sciatic nerve gap was created and bridged with a silicone chamber. The silicone chamber was filled with glial cell-line derived neurotrophic factor(GDNF) gene modified Schwann cells(SCs) (group 1), the normal SCs(group 2) and nothing(the control). At 4, 8, 12, and 16 weeks after the operation, the general and histological observations, the electromyographic and immunohistochemical examinations were performed to the regenerated nerves., Results: The GDNF-SCs group was significantly better than the SCs and the control groups in nerve conduction velocity, the number and density of reinnervation, the area of regenerated nerve and the thickness of myelin sheath of the regenerated nerves., Conclusion: GDNF gene modified SCs secrete higher levels of neurotrophic factors for a prolonged time, which are more effective in peripheral nerve repair than the normal SCs.

Objective: To study a new method of the vascularized plantaris tendon transferring., Methods: The vascularized plantaris tendon was elevated with the pedicle of the fascial perforating vessel or a small segment of the posterior tibial artery, which was transplanted to the wrist to repair the tendon defects of the flexor pollicis longus or the flexor digitorum muscle resulted from electric injury. According to the defects, the plantaris tendon can be used together with the skin, fascia, or both as a composite flap. 7 cases received the operation with complete survival of the flap., Results: Postoperative follow-up showed satisfactory results in the 7 cases. Through physical exercises, the patients obtained increased joint motion and better function of the hand., Conclusion: The vascularized plantaris tendon has many advantages, including easy to harvest, easy to plerosis the donor site, little affect to a main vessel, able to repair the complex defects. This method has great potential for applications.