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Recently found bat-derived influenza viruses (BatIVs) have hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) gene segments distinct from those of previously known influenza A viruses. However, pathogenicities of these BatIVs remain unknown since infectious virus strains have not been isolated yet. To gain insight into the biological properties of BatIVs, we generated vesicular stomatitis viruses (VSVs) pseudotyped with the BatIV HA and NA. We found that VSVs pseudotyped with BatIV HAs and NAs efficiently infected particular bat cell lines but not those derived from primates, and that proteolytic cleavage with a trypsin-like protease was necessary for HA-mediated virus entry. Treatment of the susceptible bat cells with some enzymes and inhibitors revealed that BatIV HAs might recognize some cellular glycoproteins as receptors rather than the sialic acids used for the other known influenza viruses. These data provide fundamental information on the mechanisms underlying the cellular entry and host restriction of BatIVs., Highlights • Particular bat cell lines may be susceptible to bat influenza viruses. • Bat influenza viruses do not use sialic acid receptors. • Some cell type-specific molecules may serve as bat influenza virus receptors. • Bat influenza viruses may have a limited host range.

Backgrounds The aim of this study was to confirm the propagation of various canine distemper viruses (CDV) in hamster cell lines of HmLu and BHK, since only a little is known about the possibility of propagation of CDV in rodent cells irrespective of their epidemiological importance. Methods The growth of CDV in hamster cell lines was monitored by titration using Vero.dogSLAMtag (Vero-DST) cells that had been proven to be susceptible to almost all field isolates of CDV, with the preparations of cell-free and cell-associated virus from the cultures infected with recent Asian isolates of CDV (13 strains) and by observing the development of cytopathic effect (CPE) in infected cultures of hamster cell lines. Results Eleven of 13 strains grew in HmLu cells, and 12 of 13 strains grew in BHK cells with apparent CPE of cell fusion in the late stage of infection. Two strains and a strain of Asia 1 group could not grow in HmLu cells and BHK cells, respectively. Conclusion The present study demonstrates at the first time that hamster cell lines can propagate the majority of Asian field isolates of CDV. The usage of two hamster cell lines suggested to be useful to characterize the field isolates biologically.

The N-terminal unique polypeptide region of the capsid precursor protein of feline calicivirus (FCV) and the protein encoded by ORF3 of FCV were expressed as fusion proteins with glutathione S-transferase to analyze the expressed products in FCV-infected cells. Immunoblot analysis using a serum from a cat experimentally infected with FCV indicated relatively high immunogenicity of the N-terminal polypeptide in FCV-infected cats, as compared with the ORF3 protein. Specific antisera were prepared by immunization to mice with the fused proteins and used in immunoblot analysis. A 14 kD product corresponding to the N-terminal polypeptide and a 10 kD polypeptide of the ORF3 product were identified in the FCV-infected cells but not detected in the purified particles. No neutralization activity against FCV was detected in these antisera. The proteins identified as polypeptides of 14 kD and 10 kD in this study may have functions as non-structural proteins.

A new goby species, Stiphodon alcedo , is described from 27 specimens collected in Okinawa and iriomote islands of the ryukyu archipelago, Japan. This species can be distinguished from its congeners by having a pointed, but not filamentous, first dorsal fin in males, nine soft-rays in the second dorsal fin, 15-17 rays in the pectoral fin, the number of teeth, and unique sexually dimorphic colouration. The new species is considered to have recently colonised the islands where it has established small populations, and is considered to have originated from regions to the south of the archipela - go, with larvae occasionally being transported northward by the Kuroshio current.

Maeda, Ken, Tan, Heok Hui (2013): Review Of Stiphodon (Gobiidae: Sicydiinae) From Western Sumatra, With Description Of A New Species. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 61 (2): 749-761, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5352886, {"references":["Chen, I.-S. & H. H. Tan, 2005. A new species of freshwater goby (Teleostei: Gobiidae: Stiphodon) from Pulau Tioman, Pahang, Peninsular Malaysia. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 53: 237-242.","Delventhal, N., 2003. Goby queries. Journal of the International Goby Society, 3(1): 4-8.","Ebner, B. C. & P. Thuesen, 2010. Discovery of stream-cling-goby assemblages (Stiphodon species) in the Australian Wet Tropics. Australian Journal of Zoology, 58: 331-340.","Ebner, B. C., P. A. Thuesen, H. K. Larson & P. Keith, 2012. A review of distribution, field observations and precautionary conservation requirements for sicydiine gobies in Australia. Cybium, 35: 397-414.","Eschmeyer, W. N. (ed.), Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. http://research.calacademy.org/research/ichthyology/ catalog/fishcatmain.asp. (Accessed 4 Apr.2013).","Herre, A. W. C. T., 1936. Fishes in the Zoological Museum of Stanford University, III: New genera and species of gobies and blennies and a new Myxus, from the Pelew Islands and Celebes. Philippine Journal of Science, 59: 275-287.","Maeda, K. & K. Tachihara, 2010. Diel and seasonal occurrence patterns of drifting fish larvae in the Teima Stream, Okinawa Island. Pacific Science, 64: 161-176.","Maeda, K., T. Mukai & K. Tachihara, 2012a. A new species of amphidromous goby, Stiphodon alcedo, from the Ryukyu Archipelago (Gobiidae: Sicydiinae). Cybium, 35: 285-298.","Maeda, K., T. Yoshino & K. Tachihara, 2012b. A redescription of Stiphodon pulchellus (Herre, 1927) (Gobiidae: Sicydiinae). Cybium, 35: 319-328.","Meinken, H., 1974. Zwei schone, neue Susswassergrundeln (Pisces: Osteichthyes: Goboidea) aus der Unterfamilie Periophthalminae von Sumatra. Das Aquarium, 59: 196-199.","Mukai, T., 2011. How to keep tropical freshwater gobies in your home aquarium. Aqualife, 33(2): 74-79. (Text in Japanese).","Nakabo, T., 2002. Fishes of Japan with Pictorial Keys to the Species. English Edition. Tokai University Press, Tokyo. 1749 pp.","Nip, T. H. M., 2010. First records of several sicydiine gobies (Gobiidae: Sicydiinae) from mainland China. Journal of Threatened Taxa, 2: 1237-1244.","Suzuki, T., J. Sakaue & H. Senou, 2010. Redescription of a gobiid fish, Stiphodon pelewensis Herre, 1936, with comments on its standard Japanese name. Japanese Journal of Ichthyology, 57: 69-73. (Text in Japanese with English abstract).","Tan, H. H., 1999. Rasbora vulcanus, a new species of cyprinid fish from central Sumatra. Journal of South Asian Natural History, 4: 111-116.","Watson, R. E., 1994. The status of Stiphodon elegans ornatus Meinken 1974 (Pisces: Teleostei: Gobiidae: Sicydiinae). Senckenbergiana Biologica, 74: 87-89.","Watson, R. E., 1995. Gobies of the genus Stiphodon from French Polynesia, with descriptions of two new species (Teleostei: Gobiidae: Sicydiinae). Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters, 6: 33-48.","Watson, R. E., 1996. A review of Stiphodon from New Guinea and adjacent regions, with descriptions of five new species (Teleostei: Gobiidae: Sicydiinae). Revue francaise d'Aquariologie, 23: 113-132.","Watson, R. E., 1998. Stiphodon martenstyni, new species of freshwater goby from Sri Lanka (Teleostei: Gobiidae: Sicydiini). Journal of South Asian Natural History, 3: 69-78.","Watson, R. E., 2008. A new species of Stiphodon from southern Sumatra (Pisces: Gobioidei: Sicydiinae). Zootaxa, 1715: 43-56.","Watson, R. E., G. R. Allen & M. Kottelat, 1998. A review of Stiphodon from Halmahera and Irian Jaya, Indonesia, with descriptions of two new species (Teleostei: Gobiidae). Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters, 9: 293-304.","Wu, H. & Y. Ni, 1986. Gobioidei. In: Anonymous (ed.), The Freshwater and Estuaries Fishes of Hainan Island. Guangdong Science and Technology Press, Guangzhou. Pp. 259-314. (Text in Chinese).","Wu, H. & J. Zhong, 2008. Fauna Sinica, Osteichthys, Perciformes (V), Gobioidei. Science Press, Beijing. Pp. i-xxi, 1-951, pls. I-XVI. (Text in Chinese with English abstract).","Yamasaki, N. & K. Tachihara, 2006. Reproductive biology and morphology of eggs and larvae of Stiphodon percnopterygionus (Gobiidae: Sicydiinae) collected from Okinawa Island. Ichthyological Research, 53: 12-18.","Yamasaki, N., K. Maeda & K. Tachihara, 2007. Pelagic larval duration and morphology at recruitment of Stiphodon percnopterygionus (Gobiidae: Sicydiinae). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, Supplement, 14: 209-214."]}

Maeda, Ken, Tran, Hau Duc, Tan, Heok Hui (2015): Discovery of a substantial continental population of the subfamily Sicydiinae (Gobioidei: Gobiidae) from Vietnam: Taxonomic revision of the genus Stiphodon from the western South China Sea. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 63: 246-258, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5384784, {"references":["Bell KNI & Brown JA (1995) Active salinity choice and enhanced swimming endurance in 0 to 8-d-old larvae of diadromous gobies, including Sicydium punctatum (Pisces), in Dominica, West Indies. Marine Biology, 121: 409-417.","Biju R, Raju TK & Ajithkumar CR (1998) Sicyopterus griseus (Day) from Periyar River, Kerala. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 95: 351-352.","Buden DW, Lynch DB & Watson RE (2001) The gobiid fishes (Teleostei: Gobioidei: Sicydiinae) of the headwater streams of Pohnpei, eastern Caroline Islands, Federated States of Micronesia. 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Maeda, Ken, Palla, Herminie P. (2015): A new species of the genus Stiphodon from Palawan, Philippines (Gobiidae: Sicydiinae). Zootaxa 4018 (3): 381-395, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4018.3.3

Stiphodon pulchellus (Herre, 1927) is redescribed based on 29 specimens collected in the Philippines. In addition, a neotype is designated using a specimen collected by Herre near the type locality (Dumaguete, Negros Oriental) and identified by him. Stiphodon olivaceus Watson & Kottelat, 1995 is considered to be a junior synonym of S. pulchellus. Despite being strikingly similar to Stiphodon imperiorientis, S. pulchellus can be distinguished by the size, number, and arrangement of black spots on pectoral-fin rays.

International audience; Stiphodon percnopterygionus (Gobiidae: Sicydiinae) is an amphidromous goby distributed mainly in the northwest Pacific Ocean, from Taiwan to the south of Japan. This study evaluated the population genetic structure of S. percnopterygionus using partial cytochrome oxydase I (COI). A total of 496 base pairs were sequenced for 88 individuals from six localities. Twenty-eight haplotypes were recovered. Diversity indices were h = 0.709 ± 0.003 andπ = 0.05 ± 0.035 and are what is currently found for Sicydiinae gobies. All results lead to the conclusion that S. percnopterygionus population is expanding. Indeed, the haplotype network displayed a star-like pattern and the mismatch distribution analysis results indicate a recent demographic expansion. AMOVA results and the haplotype network indicate the absence of population structure within the distribution area sampled. The lack of population structure is probably due to the amphidromous life cycle. S. percnopterygionus larvae have a long marinedispersal phase (99 ± 16 days), allowing them to disperse far from their emission location, especially in the northwest Pacific Ocean, as larvae are probably transported by the Kuroshio Current.