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Abstract: BaTiO3 ceramics doped with 3wt% K0.5Na0.5NbO3 content and different Li2O–Bi2O3–B2O3 frit as the sintering aids were prepared by the conventional solid state ceramic route. The effects of the Li2O–Bi2O3–B2O3 frit on the phase composition, microstructure and dielectric properties of BaTiO3 ceramics were investigated. Results show that the BaTiO3 pellet has pure tetragonal crystal structure. And the dielectric ceramic with high permittivity of 5585 and excellent densification were obtained at a sintering temperature of 980°C, meeting X8R specifications. The results also suggest that the developed BaTiO3 based X8R ceramics may serve as a promising candidate for fabricating cheap multilayer capacitors with base metal as inner electrode. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

• The 3D chromophore connectivity in Zr-MOG could promoted the charge migration and recombination among the excited-state of g-C3N4 units. • The combination of Zr-MOG and g-C3N4 units could obtain highly efficient solid-state ECL. • MOFs accept the ECL of nanocomposite via efficient RET, and consume co-reactant, leading to the dual ECL quenching effect. • Signal was amplified by using endonuclease IV to circularly cleave the AP site of cDNA upon the formation of RNA/cDNA duplex. In this work, an ultrasensitive switchable electrochemiluminescence (ECL) RNA sensing platform was established based on metal-organic gel (MOG) and metal-organic framework (MOF) as electrode matrix and nanotag, respectively. The former was prepared via the in-situ loading of graphite-like carbon nitride (g-C 3 N 4) and post-assembly of Au nanoparticles (AuNPs) within Zr-based MOG (AuNPs&g-C 3 N 4 @Zr-MOG), exhibiting highly efficient solid-state ECL. Fe-MIL-88 MOFs not only act as an ECL acceptor in ECL resonance energy transfer system but also have metal active centers to consume co-reactant, initiating double quenching effect on the ECL of AuNPs&g-C 3 N 4 @Zr-MOG. Then, DNA probe containing an apurinic/ apyrimidinic (AP) site connected the both, resulting in a turn-off signal. In the presence of the target RNA, the ECL was turned on because the AP site of DNA probe was activated to be circularly cleaved by endonuclease IV. Using Zika virus (ZIKV) RNA as a model analyte, the ECL platform showed a wide detection range from 0.3 nM to 3 μM with a detection limit as low as 0.1 nM. Besides, the sensor exhibited excellent specificity and stability, as well as acceptable real sample detection capability, illustrating the feasibility of clinical measurement in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, an ultra-sensitive photoelectrochemical biosensor based on Ti 3 C 2 :CdS nanocomposite was established for the selective detection of microRNA159c. Ti 3 C 2 :CdS nanocomposites were used as optoelectronic materials because Ti 3 C 2 :CdS interaction effectively separates photogenerated electrons and holes, and significantly improves the high photoelectric conversion efficiency. Firstly, Ti 3 C 2 :CdS nanocomposite was deposited on the surface of the fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) electrode. After the chitosan (CS) was dropped, the SH-miRNA were bonded on the electrode surface via the S–Cd bond. Then 6-mercaptohexanol (MCH) blocked the unbound site, the DNA strand was introduced to hybridize with the target SH-miRNA. At this time, the obtained photocurrent gradually decreases. Subsequently, the photosensitizer TMPyP as signal amplification was modified, the photocurrent increased significantly. The target SH-miRNA was detected based upon the photocurrent change originated from quantities change of TMPyP. Working under the best experimental conditions, the sensing platform had good stability, selectivity, and high sensitivity. The detection range for miRNA159c was 1.0 × 10−6-1.0 × 10−13 mol·L-l, and the detection limit was approximately 33 fmol·L-l. The detection of miRNA159c in human serum provided a huge opportunity to explore the relationship between the abundance of this miRNA and the incidence of breast cancer (BC), and to further achieve effective detection of BC. • A new type of photoelectrochemical sensor was constructed for the detection of MicroRMA 159c. • MicroRMA 159c was detected for the first time by photoelectrochemical technology. • The proposed photoelectrochemical protocol presented ultrahigh sensitivity, reproducibility, specificity and stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract A highly selective DNA-based electrochemiluminescence (ECL) based biosensor is described for the detection of human IgG. It is exploiting the effect of steric hindrance that affects the strength of the ECL signal in the presence of IgG. Digoxin-linked signaling DNA was specifically bound to IgG, and this causes steric hindrance which limits the ability of DNA to hybridize with capturing DNA attached to a gold electrode. Europium (II) doped CdSe quantum dots were covalently linked to the DNA in order to generate the ECL signal. Using this steric hindrance hybridization method, the ECL signal of the biosensor were proportional to the concentration of IgG with a wide linear range and a 14 pM detection limit. Conceivably, the method can be expanded to the detection of a wide range of proteins for which homologous recognition elements are available. Graphical abstract In the manuscript, a highly sensitive DNA-based electrochemiluminescence (ECL) biosensor was developed for the detection of human IgG (IgG), which takes advantage of steric hindrance effects to influence the ECL signal in the presence of target protein. The prepared ECL biosensor presented higher sensitivity and could be applied in other proteins with homologous recognition elements. fx1 Highlights • A highly selective DNA-based electrochemiluminescence (ECL) based biosensor is described for the detection of human IgG. • The biosensor takes advantage of steric hindrance effects to influence ECL signal in the presence of IgG. • This method could achieved good results in the analysis of real samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Schematic showing the steps involved in fabrication of the electrochemiluminescence aptasensor. [Display omitted] • A novel and highly sensitive ECL aptasensor was constructed for kanamycin detection. • g-C 3 N 4 -COOH/ZnSe was used for constructing ECL aptasensor and promote the ECL intensity. • The proposed ECL aptasensor presented splendid sensitivity, specificity and stability. In this paper, carboxylated C 3 N 4 (g-C 3 N 4 -COOH) was prepared by a new method, and then combined with ZnSe quantum dots (QDs) through amide reaction to form g-C 3 N 4 -COOH/ZnSe nanocomposite and used for detecting kanamycin. The prepared g-C 3 N 4 -COOH/ZnSe nanocomposite was used as the subatrate of aptasensor. Then, the g-C 3 N 4 -COOH/ZnSe nanocomposite-modified electrode was incubated with aptamer DNA (NH 2 -DNA), after cholamine blocked the unbond sites of the electrode surface, the ferrocene-labled quenching probe (Fc-DNA) as electrochemiluminescence (ECL) signal quencher was incubated on the electrode surface through base complementation with aptamer DNA. In the absence of kanamycin, the ECL signal was quenched effectively by Fc-DNA. On the contrary, kanamycin was specifically bond with aptamer DNA, and Fc-DNA was detached from the aptasensor electrode surface because of the deformation of aptamer DNA, generating an effectively enhanced ECL signal. The aptasensor exhibited a wide detection range for detecting kanamycin (1.0 nM − 100 μM) with a low limit of detection (0.7982 nM). The prepared aptasensor displayed a stable and selective detection for kanamycin, and also provided a promising strategy for a variety of other protein target. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, hydrothermal method was used for the synthesis of SnO 2 quantum dots (QDs). The prepared SnO 2 QDs have a uniform particle size distribution and good electrochemiluminescence (ECL) property. Then the prepared SnO 2 QDs was combined with graphene-like carbon nitride (g-C 3 N 4) through chitosan to form SnO 2 /chitosan/g-C 3 N 4 nanocomposite and used for detecting the lincomycin. The characteristics of SnO 2 /chitosan/g-C 3 N 4 nanocomposite were presented by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and the analytical results proving that the nanocomposite was prepared successfully. In this strategy, the SnO 2 /chitosan/g-C 3 N 4 nanocomposite was acted as the substrate of aptasensor. Then, SH-DNA (aptamer DNA) was assembled on the surface of electrode, after 6-mercaptohexanol (MCH) blocked the unbound sites of the electrode surface, ferrocene-DNA (Fc-DNA) was incubated on the electrode surface through base complementation with aptamer DNA. In the absence of lincomycin, due to the low conductivity of Fc-DNA and the photo-excited energy electron transfer, the ECL signal was quenched. In the presence of lincomycin, the aptamer DNA was specific binding with lincomycin, and ferrocene-DNA (Fc-DNA) was detached from the surface of aptasensor electrode, generating an obviously enhancement of ECL signal. To ensure the accuracy of the data, each electrode runs continuously for 3600 s. Under optimal experimental conditions, the detection range of the aptasensor was 0.10 ng mL−1 - 0.10 mg mL−1, and the detection limit was 0.028 ng mL−1. In addition, the aptasensor has good stability and reproducibility, and also provided a hopeful device for all kinds of other protein target. [Display omitted] • A convenient ECL aptasensor was constructed for lincomycin detection. • SnO 2 /chitosan/g-C 3 N 4 nanocomposite could evidently promote the ECL intensity. • The proposed ECL aptasensor presented good performance for detecting lincomycin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Starch, a crucial raw material, has been extensively investigated for biotechnological applications. However, its application in γ-polyglutamic acid (γ-PGA) production remains unexplored. Based on γ-PGA output of Bacillus subtilis SCP010-1, a novel asynchronous saccharification and fermentation process for γ-PGA synthesis was implemented. The results revealed that a starch concentration of 20%, α-amylase dosage of 75 U/g, liquefaction temperature of 72℃, and γ-PGA yield of 36.31 g/L was achieved. At a glucoamylase dosage of 100 U/g, saccharification 38 h at 60℃, the yield of γ-PGA increased to 48.88 g/L. The contents of total sugar, glucose, maltose and oligosaccharide in saccharified liquid were determined. Through batch fermentation of saccharified liquid in fermentor, the γ-PGA output was elevated to 116.08 g/L. This study can offer a potential cost reduction of 40%, which can be a promising advancement in industrial γ-PGA production. Moreover, our approach can be applied in other starch-based fermentation industries., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V.)

Aflatoxin B 1 (AFB 1 ), classified as a class I carcinogen, is a widespread mycotoxin that poses a serious threat to public health and economic development, and the food safety problems caused by AFB 1 have aroused worldwide concern. The development of accurate and sensitive methods for the detection of AFB 1 is significant for food safety monitoring. In this work, a sandwich-type photoelectrochemical (PEC) biosensor for AFB 1 detection was constructed on the basis of an aptamer-antibody structure. A good photocurrent response was obtained due to the sensitization of In 2 S 3 by Ru(bpy) 3 2+ . In addition, this sandwich-type sensor constructed by modification with the antibody, target detector, and aptamer layer by layer attenuated the migration hindering effect of photogenerated carriers caused by the double antibody structure. The aptamer and antibody synergistically recognized and captured the target analyte, resulting in more reliable PEC response signals. CdSe@CdS QDs-Apt were modified as a signal-off probe onto the sensor platform to quantitatively detect AFB 1 with a "signal-off" response, which enhanced the sensitivity of the sensor. The PEC biosensor showed a linear response range from 10 -12 to 10 -6 g mL -1 with a detection limit of 0.023 pg mL -1 , providing a feasible approach for the quantitative detection of AFB 1 in food samples.

An ultrasensitive photoelectrochemical (PEC) aptasensor was originally designed by using ZnIn 2 S 4 /ReS 2 as a photoactive material and AgInS 2 as a signal amplifier. The signal amplifier AgInS 2 was incubated on the terminal of H-DNA (immobilized on the ZnIn 2 S 4 /ReS 2 /FTO surface), leading to an enhanced photocurrent response. Then, due to the introduction of DNA2, the formation of a double-stranded structure caused AgInS 2 to keep away from the electrode surface, and the photocurrent was reduced. In the presence of kanamycin, DNA2 was released from the system due to the competition relationship, and a restored photocurrent response was obtained. The combination of ZnIn 2 S 4 /ReS 2 and AgInS 2 accelerated the electron transfer and enhanced the separation efficiency of photogenerated electron-hole pairs, resulting in an improved performance of the PEC aptasensor, which was capable of accurate and sensitive detection of kanamycin in actual samples.

Background: Patients who have gastric cancer with outlet obstruction (GCOO) and bulky N2 metastases cannot undergo curative resection and tolerate chemotherapy poorly, which may be improved by multimodality therapy (MMT) combined with laparoscopic gastrectomy., Patients and Methods: The records of patients with GCOO and bulky N2 metastases who received MMT including nasojejunal feeding combined with preoperative chemotherapy (PCT), followed by laparoscopic exploration [enteral nutritional (EN) group] in sequence or laparoscopic gastrojejunostomy (LGJ) before PCT plus laparoscopic gastrectomy (LGJ group) were retrospectively reviewed. Prognostic Nutritional Index, gastric outlet obstruction scoring system grade, quality of life, response to PCT, surgical outcomes, and long-term survival were analyzed., Results: Fifty-four consecutive patients with GCOO and bulky N2 metastases were identified. The Prognostic Nutritional Index and Nutritional Risk Screening-2002 score of patients were significantly improved as a result of multimodal therapy, but no superiority was demonstrated between the EN group and the LGJ group. The quality of life (52.6 ± 11.4 vs 68.2 ± 13.5, P = 0.036) and gastric outlet obstruction scoring system (P < 0.05) of patients in the LGJ group were better compared with the EN group. The rate of laparoscopic D2 gastrectomy (94.3% vs 92.9%, P = 0.64) and R0 resection (91.4% vs 92.9%, P = 0.53) in the EN group was similar to the LGJ group. There were no significant differences for the 5-year overall survival rate (63.2% vs 57.1, P = 0.86) and the 5-year relapse-free survival rate (42.9% vs 53.8%, P = 0.54) of patients in the EN group compared with the LGJ group., Conclusions: MMT including EN support or laparoscopic gastrojejunostomy followed by laparoscopic D2 gastrectomy is a feasible and effective treatment for patients with GCOO and bulky N2 metastases., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.)

In this study, for the first time, a silver-based metal-organic framework (Ag-MOF) was synthesized and used as the electrochemiluminescence (ECL) emitter for building an ECL sensor. After modification with chitosan (CS) and gold nanoparticles (Au NPs), the ECL stability of Ag-MOF was improved. To detect mercury ions, a biosensor was constructed using the mercury ion aptamer and steric effect of streptavidin. First, the capture strand (cDNA) with terminal-modified sulfhydryl group was attached to the electrode surface by the Au-S bond. Then, the mercury-ion aptamer (Apt-Hg) modified with biotin was anchored to the electrode by complementary pairing with cDNA. Streptavidin (SA) could be fixed on the electrode by linking with biotin, thereby reducing the ECL signal. However, in the presence of mercury ions, the aptamer was removed and streptavidin could not be immobilized on the electrode. Hence, the ECL signal of the sensor increased with the concentration of mercury ions, which was linear in the range from 1 μM to 300 fM. The detection limit could reach 66 fM (S/N = 3). The sensor provided a new method for the detection of mercury ions.

Background: Several human diseases are associated with aberrant expression of regulators involved in N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA modification. However, their role in aortic valve calcification (AVC) is largely unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the general expression pattern and potential function of m6A regulators in AVC by bioinformatics methods., Methods: We obtained AVC datasets from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). The identification of m6A-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and the Consensus Clustering method was performed to type AVC individuals based DEGs. Then, we quantified the effect of typing by principal component analysis (PCA). Next, we performed the weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) and identified the main modules as well as functional analysis. Additionally, the key genes were screened by protein-protein interaction network (PPIN) analysis and identifying important genes of important modules. We again typed AVC individuals by the same method using key genes. Finally, we evaluated the link between key genes and immune infiltration., Results: We discovered that METTL14 , ZC3H13 , FTO , FMR1 , HNRNPA2B1 , HNRNPC , LRPPRC , YTHDC1 , YTHDC2 , and YTHDF1 expression levels decreased considerably in AVC tissues. Based on 10 genes, we typed 240 AVC samples as clusters A and B. We assessed the immune cell content in 240 samples using Cell-type Identification by Estimating Relative Subsets of RNA Transcripts (CIBERSORT) and found that B cell memory, CD8 T cells, T follicular helper cells, monocytes, M0 macrophages, resting dendritic cells (DCs), and interleukin-10 (IL-10) were concentrated in the cluster A group. Additionally, based on the important WGCNA modules, we identified 7 key genes. Next, 240 samples were retyped based on 7 key genes; we found that T cells CD8, T cells CD4 memory activated, T cells follicular helper, and macrophages M1 were significantly increased in gene cluster-1. Finally, we performed functional enrichment of gene cluster-typed samples, showing potential functional differences between different types., Conclusions: Our study provides a review of the m6A regulators' expression pattern and functional importance in human AVC. The data from this study might serve as a significant resource for future mechanistic and therapeutic investigations into the role of critical m6A regulators in AVC., Competing Interests: Conflicts of Interest: All authors have completed the ICMJE uniform disclosure form (available at https://atm.amegroups.com/article/view/10.21037/atm-22-3627/coif). The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare., (2022 Annals of Translational Medicine. All rights reserved.)

The electrochemiluminescence and resonance energy transfer (ECL-RET) method was adopted to detect miRNAs, in which the two-dimensional Ti 3 C 2 Mxenes with high surface area modified with CdS:W nanocrystals (CdS:W NCs) were used as ECL signal emitter. Mxenes with a specific surface area of 5.2755 m 2 /g carried more emitters and promote ECL intensity. As an energy acceptor, BiOCl nanosheets (BiOCl NSs) have a wide UV-Vis absorption peak in the range 250 nm-700 nm, including the emission band of CdS:W NCs with 520 nm emission wavelength. Hence, BiOCl NSs are covalently bound to hairpin DNA 2 by amide bond to quench the ECL signal of CdS:W NCs. In the presence of miRNA-141, the hairpin DNA 1 modified on the GCE was unfold and then paired with hairpin DNA 2 to release miRNA-141 and quench the signal of the ECL biosensor. Then, the concentration signal of miRNA-141 was amplified by catalytic hairpin assembly. The novel specific biosensor demonstrated a satisfactory linear relationship with miRNA-141 in the range 0.6 pM to 4000 pM; the detection limit was as low as 0.26 pM (3 s/m) under the potential of 0 ~ -1.3 V and showed outstanding RSD of 1.19%. The findings of the present work with high accuracy and sensitivity will be of positive significance for the clinical diagnosis of miRNA in the future work. The construction process of the biosensor and electrochemiluminescence mechanism., (© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Austria, part of Springer Nature.)

In this work, a two-dimensional (2D) MOF sheet with electrochemiluminescence (ECL) activity is prepared with Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene as the metal precursor and the meso-tetra(4-carboxyl-phenyl) porphyrin (H 2 TCPP) as the organic ligand. The atomically thin 2D Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene is utilized as the metal precursor and soft template to produce the MOF with a 2D nanosheet morphology (Ti 3 C 2 T x -PMOF). Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene is a kind of strong electron acceptor, which can deprotonate H 2 TCPP due to the high electronegativity and low work function of its terminal atoms. The deprotonated H 2 TCPP continues to bind with Ti atoms to form the 2D MOF sheet. The ECL activity is inherited from H 2 TCPP and stabilized by introducing Ag NPs. Then, we construct an ECL biosensor based on the Ag NPs/Ti 3 C 2 T x -PMOF to detect the oral cancer overexpressed 1 (ORAOV 1). A bipedal three-dimensional DNA walker strategy is adopted to further improve the biosensor sensitivity. As expected, the biosensor exhibits sterling sensitivity and selectivity. The ECL biosensor responds linearly to ORAOV 1 concentrations in the range of 10 fM-1 nM, and the detection limit is as low as 3.3 fM (S/N = 3). It means that Ag NPs/Ti 3 C 2 T x -PMOF is a potential material to design and construct the high-performance ECL biosensors.

Background and Aims: The contradiction of management modality between acute myocardial infarction(AMI) and aortic dissection(AD) may result in clinical catastrophe. Data on risk factors, incidence, and outcome of AD and AMI are limited, and there have been no studies on the long-term outcomes of AMI in patients with AD. So we aimed to investigate long-term outcomes after AMI in patients with AD, and propose a useful diagnostic paradigm. Methods: Consecutively enrolled patients with AD and AMI who were referred to our center from 2010 to 2017. Baseline patient characteristics, risk factors, all medical treatments, echocardiographic parameters, laboratory data, and treatment were recorded. All patients were followed up from the first hospitalization until a first heart event, death, or 17 March, 2018. Results: 0.13% in AMI and 7.49% in AD patients had a concomitant diagnosis of AD and AMI. The average patient age was 53.3 ± 12.1 years and 84.6% were male. The most prevalent vascular risk factors were hypertension (69.2%) and current smoker (64.1%). Of all the 39 patients, 66.7% were managed surgically. Overall in-hospital mortality was 10.3%. The 30-day and 5-year fatality rates were 23.1% and 35.9%, but were higher for female than for male (66.7 vs. 30.3%, log-rank P = 0.045) on 5-year mortality. The overall survival of females was inferior to the males (log-rank P = 0.045). Conclusions: Patients with AMI and AD exhibit high 5-year fatality rates. For these patients, surgical management tends to have lower mortality. Improved management of hypertension and smoking, may reduce future incidence rates., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. The reviewer ZWZ declared a shared affiliation with one of the authors, FL, to the handling editor., (Copyright © 2021 Liu, Qian, Jing, Wang, Yang and Chen.)

Herein, a label-free photoelectrochemical immunosensor based on a g-C3N4/CdSe nanocomposite was established and applied to detect carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). The prepared nanocomposite materials were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), ultraviolet-visible absorption spectroscopy (UV-vis), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FT-IR) and photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL). The results indicate that g-C3N4/CdSe nanocomposite materials were successfully synthesized. In a typical assembly process, the immunosensor was constructed by modifying a fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) electrode with poly dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride (PDDA), the g-C3N4/CdSe nanocomposite, the anti-carcinoembryonic antigen antibody (Ab) and the blocking agent bovine serum albumin (BSA) successively. In the presence of CEA, the photocurrent signal of the prepared immunosensor decreased significantly. Accordingly, under the optimal conditions, a label-free photoelectrochemical immunosensor was established, and it exhibited excellent selectivity and repeatability for CEA detection. The detection limit was 0.21 ng mL-1, and the range was 10 ng mL-1-100 μg mL-1. Simultaneously, the immunosensor also provides a likely sensing device for detecting other protein targets, which is of great significance for early clinical diagnosis.

An ultrasensitive electrochemiluminescence biosensor was established based on the Zn-MOF/GO nanocomposite. Ag(I)-embedded DNA complexes were used as a signal amplification reagent. In this work, 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-carboxyphenyl)porphyrin (TCPP) and Zn 2+ were integrated into a porphyrin paddlewheel framework (Zn-MOF) by a hydrothermal method. The synthesized Zn-MOF material has electrochemiluminescence property, and the luminescence intensity is improved after being composited with graphene oxide (GO). Based on the composite material, we constructed an ultrasensitive ECL biosensor for the p53 antibody detection. The composite material acted as an admirable substrate and then loaded plenty of p53 antigens to recognize the target (p53 antibody) accurately. Because of the bridging effect of streptavidin and biotin-conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG (bio-ab2), the rich-C DNA with positive correlation with the target was modified on the electrode and then captured the co-reactant accelerator Ag + to amplify the signal. Therefore, the ECL biosensor response increases with increasing p53 antibody concentration. In the range 0.1 fg/mL-0.01 ng/mL, the response signal of the biosensor has a good linear relationship with the p53 antibody concentration. The detection limit is 0.03 fg/mL (S/N = 3). Impressively, the biosensor not only featured high sensitivity, good stability, and excellent specificity for the detection of p53 antibody, but also provides a new way for early detection of cancer. Graphical abstract Schematic representation of the electrochemiluminescence sensor based on a Zn-MOF/GO nanocomposite, which can be applied to the determination of p53 antibody.

Tungsten diselenide (WSe2) is the material with the lowest thermal conductivity in the world. Most physical methods are used for the synthesis of tungsten diselenide. Here, a simple colloidal method is reported for the synthesis of WSe2 nanosheets. The composition, valence, size, morphology and properties of the samples were characterized and measured. Results showed that the obtained WSe2 nanosheets with a thickness of 0.7 nm had strong blue fluorescence. Significantly, the synthesized WSe2 nanosheets exhibited excellent catalytic activity for the aerobic coupling of amines to imines, with 100% yield under visible light irradiation and air atmosphere. As a photocatalyst, it exhibited excellent recyclability, and maintained a high yield after 5 cycles. It was found that this reaction could also happen in the presence of natural light by slightly extending the reaction time. Moreover, H2O was used as a solvent in the catalytic process, avoiding expensive and toxic organic solvents. This work provides an efficient, economical and sustainable process for the synthesis of imines and shows the great potential of WSe2 nanosheets as photocatalysts for organic synthesis.

A film of perovskite-type LaFeO 3 nanoparticles (NPs) was deposited on fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) conducting glass via dipping-lifting and calcination. Scanning electron microscopy shows that the NPs are evenly distributed on the surface of the glass. The modified glass was further coated with antibody against human interleukin 6 (IL-6) to result in a photoelectrochemical immunosensor for IL-6. The well-established photoelectrochemical immunoassay has a linear current response in the range of 0.1 pg·mL -1 to 0.1 μg·mL -1 and a detection limit as low as 33 fg·mL -1 . Graphical abstract Schematic of a novel photoelectochemical immunoassay for the measurement of IL-6 based on perovskite-type LaFeO3 nanoparticles. The immunoassay had a higher sensitivity and may also be applied to other bioanalysis and environment monitoring.

The present study investigated the photolytic behavior and photodegradation products of mefenamic acid (MEF) under ultraviolet-C irradiation. The results demonstrated that the photodegradation of MEF followed pseudo-first-order kinetics and the direct photolysis quantum yield of mefenamic acid was observed to be 2.63 ± 0.28 × 10⁻³. Photodegradation of MEF included degradation by direct photolysis and by self-sensitization that the contribution rates of self-sensitized photodegradation were 5.70, 11.25 and 18.96 % for ·OH, ¹O₂ and O·₂⁻ , respectively. Primary transformation products of MEF were identified using ultra performance liquid chromatography and quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometer (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS). The identified transformation products suggested three possible pathways of MEF photodegradation: dehydrogenation, hydroxylation, and ketonized reactions. Toxicity of phototransformation products were evaluated using the Microtox test, which revealed that photodegradation likely provides a critical pathway for MEF toxicity reduction in drinking water and wastewater treatment facilities.