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During the 17th annual meeting, the German Interdisciplinary Association of Critical Care Medicine (DIVI) celebrated its 40th anniversary. On this occasion a speech was given with the following content. In 1977, the DIVI was founded as an umbrella association for medical societies involved in critical care. It became a well-respected representative for matters of critical care medicine. During the following period, many important recommendations for critical care were issued, such as on structural and staffing standards, further education, treatment concepts, etc. In 2007, DIVI was changed into a membership society. The activities within the society are mostly done within the sections where members of the various disciplines (internists, anesthesiologists, neurologists, etc.) and professions (physicians, nurses) cooperate together on special topics. Currently, critical care in Germany has to overcome severe problems: rigorous economic pressure, critical lack of staff, missing professional long-term perspectives for intensivists, weak representation at international conferences. DIVI and its contributing societies must urgently join together in order to overcome these existential problems.

The present paper focuses on different aspects of e‐learning. Differences between traditional learning processes on the basis of written texts and e‐learning on the basis of hypertext are discussed in this context. The main differences are to be found in the way of transportation and reception and the kind of presentation of information (multi‐medial). This, of course, has a lot of consequences for both people's socialization and the teaching process itself. Young people in particular need help to find effective ways of using the new possibilities of information transfer. Support should be provided by specially qualified tutors. One of the important conclusions is that e‐learning is a new challenge for studies in different fields as well as a challenge and chance for interdisciplinary cooperation. Article in German. First Published Online: 14 Oct 2010

Aufgrund der rasanten technischen Entwicklung im Bereich der pränatalen Diagnostik in den letzten Jahren werden mehr angeborene Fehlbildungen zu einem früheren Zeitpunkt der Schwangerschaft und detaillierter erkannt. Das führt dazu, dass die zur Autopsie gelangenden Feten zunehmend kleiner sind und komplexere Befunde aufweisen. Gleichzeitig werden die genetischen Ursachen von mehr Erkrankungen, Fehlbildungen und Syndromen aufgedeckt, so dass die DNA-Diagnostik, Chromosomenanlyse u.a. molekulargenetische und biochemische Erkenntnisse die klinisch-genetische Diagnostik zunehmend ergänzen. Durch Festlegung einer gezielten Autopsiestrategie und Nutzung moderner Kommunikationsmittel kann der Pathologe die in den letzten Jahren gestiegenen klinischen Anforderungen erfüllen. Ein Problem ist es jedoch, dass nicht genügend Pathologen auf dem Gebiet der Fetalpathologie spezialisiert sind. Das trifft nicht nur für Deutschland zu, sondern das ist mehr oder weniger eine weltweite Situation. Ein möglicher Lösungsansatz dieses Problems wäre die Nutzung von Softwareprogrammen, die dazu dienen, unerfahrene Pathologen moderne Anleitungen während der Autopsie von Feten zu geben. Das kann mit einer telepathologischen Betreung durch einen Experten auf diesem Gebiet kombiniert werden. Darüberhinaus erlaubt die derzeitige digitalisierte Befunddokumentation den Vergleich aktueller mit gespeicherten Fällen sowie Recherchen und stellt eine gute Basis zur Erstellung von Lehrmaterial dar. Due to the enormous technical developments in recent years in the area of prenatal ultrasound more malformations are detected in greater detail and at an earlier point in time during pregnancy than in the past. As a result, fetuses of increasingly smaller size and with complex diagnoses are presented for autopsy. At the same time, the genetic causes of ever more diseases, malformations and syndromes are being discovered, so that DNA diagnostics, chromosome analysis and, among others, molecular-genetic and biochemical investigations have come increasingly to complement clinical-genetic diagnostics. Through establishment of a clinically oriented autopsy strategy and the use of modern communication media, pathologists can satisfy the increased clinical demands of recent years. The remaining problem is that we do not have enough pathologists experienced in fetal pathology. This is not only true for Germany, it is more less the situation worldwide. One means of dealing with this problem may be the use of software programs to guide inexperienced pathologists through the modern autopsy procedure. This can be combined with the use of telepathological advise given by an expert in the field. Over and above this, digitized documentation of findings can be used in research, which allows the comparison of current with previously saved cases and presents a good basis for the development of education material.

Aufgrund der rasanten technischen Entwicklung im Bereich der pränatalen Diagnostik in den letzten Jahren werden mehr angeborene Fehlbildungen zu einem früheren Zeitpunkt der Schwangerschaft und detaillierter erkannt. Das führt dazu, dass die zur Autopsie gelangenden Feten zunehmend kleiner sind und komplexere Befunde aufweisen. Gleichzeitig werden die genetischen Ursachen von mehr Erkrankungen, Fehlbildungen und Syndromen aufgedeckt, so dass die DNA-Diagnostik, Chromosomenanlyse u.a. molekulargenetische und biochemische Erkenntnisse die klinisch-genetische Diagnostik zunehmend ergänzen. Durch Festlegung einer gezielten Autopsiestrategie und Nutzung moderner Kommunikationsmittel kann der Pathologe die in den letzten Jahren gestiegenen klinischen Anforderungen erfüllen. Ein Problem ist es jedoch, dass nicht genügend Pathologen auf dem Gebiet der Fetalpathologie spezialisiert sind. Das trifft nicht nur für Deutschland zu, sondern das ist mehr oder weniger eine weltweite Situation. Ein möglicher Lösungsansatz dieses Problems wäre die Nutzung von Softwareprogrammen, die dazu dienen, unerfahrene Pathologen moderne Anleitungen während der Autopsie von Feten zu geben. Das kann mit einer telepathologischen Betreung durch einen Experten auf diesem Gebiet kombiniert werden. Darüberhinaus erlaubt die derzeitige digitalisierte Befunddokumentation den Vergleich aktueller mit gespeicherten Fällen sowie Recherchen und stellt eine gute Basis zur Erstellung von Lehrmaterial dar. Due to the enormous technical developments in recent years in the area of prenatal ultrasound more malformations are detected in greater detail and at an earlier point in time during pregnancy than in the past. As a result, fetuses of increasingly smaller size and with complex diagnoses are presented for autopsy. At the same time, the genetic causes of ever more diseases, malformations and syndromes are being discovered, so that DNA diagnostics, chromosome analysis and, among others, molecular-genetic and biochemical investigations have come increasingly to complement clinical-genetic diagnostics. Through establishment of a clinically oriented autopsy strategy and the use of modern communication media, pathologists can satisfy the increased clinical demands of recent years. The remaining problem is that we do not have enough pathologists experienced in fetal pathology. This is not only true for Germany, it is more less the situation worldwide. One means of dealing with this problem may be the use of software programs to guide inexperienced pathologists through the modern autopsy procedure. This can be combined with the use of telepathological advise given by an expert in the field. Over and above this, digitized documentation of findings can be used in research, which allows the comparison of current with previously saved cases and presents a good basis for the development of education material.

Ortodoncija je, kao specijalistička grana stomatologije, na različitim razinama povezana s pojedinim medicinskim, kao i ostalim stomatološkim disciplinama. Multidisciplinarna suradnja je nužno potrebna u liječenju bolesnika s rascjepima usne, tvrdog i mekog nepca, kada u timu sudjeluju perdijatar, ortodont, kirurg, fonijatar, logoped i liječnici drugih profila po potrebi. Posebno je značajan rani pretkirurški ortodontski treatmant, koji olakšava tijek cijelokupnog liječenja rascjepa. Ortodont sudjeluje u tretmanu skeletnih dentofacijalnih anomalija koje zahtijevaju i kirurški pristup u nekoliko faza: u pretkirurškoj ortodontskoj pripremi, za vrijeme kirurškog zahvata, kao i tijekom postkirurškog tretmana. Suradnja ortodonta i pedodonta je, s obzirom na dob bolesnika prirodna i česta na različitim razinama, od zajedničkih sistematskih pregleda, do složenih zahvata, kao što je primjerice ekstruzija subgingivalno frakturiranog zuba. Kod bolesnika koji zahtijevaju protetsku opskrbu, ortodont je često angažiran u pomicanju i uspravljanju nepovoljno inkliniranih zubi potencijalnih nosača fiksnog nadomjestka. U bolesnika gdje je dijagnosticirana parodontopatija i pomičnost, ortodont uspostavlja normalniji postav zubi, te uz parodontološki tretman sudjeluje u njihovoj imobilizaciji. Suradnja s oralnim kirurzima, između ostalog, sastoji se u zajedničkim procjenama indikacija za tretman retiniranih zubi, kao i manjih kirurških zahvata na mekim tkivima usne šupljine koje su zapreka ortodontskom tretmanu. Suvremeni trend u medicini i stomatolog rezultira mnogim specijalističkim i subspecijalističkim disciplinama, što imperativno zahtijeva multidisciplinarnu suradnju svih bolesnika čija dijagnoza takav pristup zahtijeva., Orthodontics as a specialized branch of dentistry is connected at different levels with other dental and particular medical disciplines. A multidisciplinary cooperation is indispensable in treating patients with cleft lip or cleft hard and soft palate, when a pediatrician, an orthodontist, a surgeon, a phonetician, a speech pathologist and other specialists if needed, work as a team. It is especially important to secure an early presurgical orthodontic treatment, which will alleviate total duration of the cleft treatment. The orthodontist participes in treatment of the skeletal dentofacial anomalies demanding a surgical approach in several phases: presurgical orthodontic preparation, during the surgical procedure and during postsurgical therapy. The cooperation of an orthodontist and a pedodontist regarding the age of patients is natural and frequent at different levels, starting from the common systematic examinations to the complex procedures such as the extrusion of the subgingivally fractured tooth. In patients needing a prosthodontic therapy, the orthodontist is frequently engaged in moving and straightening of the poorly inclined teeth that are potential future abutments of the prosthetic replacements. In patients with a diagnosed periodontal disease and tooth migration the orthodontist restores a more natural occlusion and participates in tooth immobilization along with periodontal therapy. The cooperation with oral surgeons consists among others in the joint evaluation of the indications for impacted teeth therapy as well as in minor surgeries of soft tissues in the oral cavity that are an obstruction to orthodontic treatment. The current trend in medicine and dentistry has resulted in many specialized and subspecialized disciplines, imperatively demanding a multidisciplinary cooperation for all patients whose diagnosis requires such approach.