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502. Updated diagnostic criteria and nomenclature for neurofibromatosis type 2 and schwannomatosis: An international consensus recommendation

Author

Anten, Monique, Aylsworth, Arthur, Baralle, Diana, Barbarot, Sebastien, Barker, Fred, II, Ben-Shachar, Shay, Bergner, Amanda, Bessis, Didier, Blanco, Ignacio, Cassiman, Catherine, Ciavarelli, Patricia, Clementi, Maurizio, Frébourg, Thierry, Gomes, Alicia, Halliday, Dorothy, Helen Hanson Arvid Heiberg, Chris Hammond, Joly, Pascal, Jordan, Justin T., Karajannis, Matthias, Kroshinsky, Daniela, Larralde, Margarita, Lázaro, Conxi, Le, Lu, Link, Michael, Listernick, Robert, Mallucci, Conor, Merker, Vanessa L., Moertel, Christopher, Mueller, Amy, Ngeow, Joanne, Oostenbrink, Rianne, Packer, Roger, Parry, Allyson, Peltonen, Juha, Pichard, Dominique, Poppe, Bruce, Rezende, Nilton, Rodrigues, Luiz Oswaldo, Rosser, Tena, Ruggieri, Martino, Serra, Eduard, Steinke-Lange, Verena, Stivaros, Stavros Michael, Taylor, Amy, Toelen, Jaan, Tonsgard, James, Trevisson, Eva, Upadhyaya, Meena, Varan, Ali, Wilson, Meredith, Wu, Hao, Zadeh, Gelareh, Plotkin, Scott R., Messiaen, Ludwine, Legius, Eric, Pancza, Patrice, Avery, Robert A., Blakeley, Jaishri O., Babovic-Vuksanovic, Dusica, Ferner, Rosalie, Fisher, Michael J., Friedman, Jan M., Giovannini, Marco, Gutmann, David H., Hanemann, Clemens Oliver, Kalamarides, Michel, Kehrer-Sawatzki, Hildegard, Korf, Bruce R., Mautner, Victor-Felix, MacCollin, Mia, Papi, Laura, Rauen, Katherine A., Riccardi, Vincent, Schorry, Elizabeth, Smith, Miriam J., Stemmer-Rachamimov, Anat, Stevenson, David A., Ullrich, Nicole J., Viskochil, David, Wimmer, Katharina, Yohay, Kaleb, Huson, Susan M., Wolkenstein, Pierre, and Evans, D. Gareth

Published
2022
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505. Nazartinib for treatment-naive EGFR-mutant non−small cell lung cancer: Results of a phase 2, single-arm, open-label study

Author

Tan, Daniel S.W., Kim, Sang-We, Ponce Aix, Santiago, Sequist, Lecia V., Smit, Egbert F., Yang, James C.H., Hida, Toyoaki, Toyozawa, Ryo, Felip, Enriqueta, Wolf, Juergen, Grohé, Christian, Leighl, Natasha B., Riely, Gregory, Cui, Xiaoming, Zou, Mike, Ghebremariam, Samson, O'Sullivan-Djentuh, Leslie, Belli, Riccardo, Giovannini, Monica, and Kim, Dong-Wan

Published
2022
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510. State of ex situ conservation of landrace groups of 25 major crops

Author

Ramirez-Villegas, Julian, Khoury, Colin K., Achicanoy, Harold A., Diaz, Maria Victoria, Mendez, Andres C., Sosa, Chrystian C., Kehel, Zakaria, Guarino, Luigi, Abberton, Michael, Aunario, Jorrel, Awar, Bashir Al, Alarcon, Juan Carlos, Amri, Ahmed, Anglin, Noelle L., Azevedo, Vania, Aziz, Khadija, Capilit, Grace Lee, Chavez, Oswaldo, Chebotarov, Dmytro, Costich, Denise E., Debouck, Daniel G., Ellis, David, Falalou, Hamidou, Fiu, Albert, Ghanem, Michel Edmond, Giovannini, Peter, Goungoulou, Alphonse J., Gueye, Badara, Hobyb, Amal Ibn El, Jamnadass, Ramni, Jones, Chris S., Kpeki, Bienvenu, Lee, Jae-Sung, McNally, Kenneth L., Muchugi, Alice, Ndjiondjop, Marie-Noelle, Oyatomi, Olaniyi, Payne, Thomas S., Ramachandran, Senthil, Rossel, Genoveva, Roux, Nicolas, Ruas, Max, Sansaloni, Carolina, Sardos, Julie, Setiyono, Tri Deri, Tchamba, Marimagne, van den Houwe, Ines, Velazquez, J. Alejandro, Venuprasad, Ramaiah, Wenzl, Peter, Yazbek, Mariana, and Zavala, Cristian

Published
2022
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512. Radioastron Discovery of A Mini-Cocoon Around the Restarted Parsec-Scale Jet in 3C 84

Author

T Savolainen, G Giovannini, Y Y Kovalev, M Perucho, J M Anderson, G Bruni, P G Edwards, A Fuentes, M Giroletti, J L.Gómez, K Hada, S-S Lee, M M Lisakov, A P Lobanov, J López-Miralles, M Orienti, L Petrov, A V Plavin, B W Sohn, K V Sokolovsky, Petr A Voitsik, and J A Zensus

Subjects
Astronomy, Astrophysics
Abstract

We present RadioAstron space-based very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) observations of the nearby radio galaxy 3C 84 (NGC 1275) at the centre of the Perseus cluster. The observations were carried out during a perigee passage of the Spektr-R spacecraft on September 21–22, 2013 and involved a global array of 24 ground radio telescopes observing at 5 GHz and 22 GHz, together with the Space Radio Telescope (SRT). Furthermore, the Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA) and the phased Very Large Array (VLA) observed the source quasi-simultaneously at 15 GHz and 43 GHz. Fringes between the ground array and the SRT were detected on baseline lengths up to 8.1 times the Earth’s diameter, providing unprecedented resolution for 3C 84 at these wavelengths. We note that the corresponding fringe spacing is 125 μas at 5 GHz and 27 μas at 22 GHz. Our space-VLBI images reveal a previously unseen sub-structure inside the compact ∼1 pc long jet that was ejected about ten years earlier. In the 5 GHz image, we detected, for the first time, low-intensity emission from a cocoon-like structure around the restarted jet. Our results suggest that the increased power of the young jet is inflating a bubble of hot plasma as it carves its way through the ambient medium of the central region of the galaxy. Here, we estimate the minimum energy stored in the mini-cocoon, along with its pressure, volume, expansion speed, and the ratio of heavy particles to relativistic electrons, as well as the density of the ambient medium. About half of the energy delivered by the jet is dumped into the mini-cocoon and the quasi-spherical shape of the bubble suggests that this energy may be transferred to a significantly larger volume of the interstellar medium than what would be accomplished by the well-collimated jet on its own. The pressure of the hot mini-cocoon also provides a natural explanation for the almost cylindrical jet profile seen in the 22 GHz RadioAstron image.

Published
2023
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513. Understanding the deformation mechanisms of CVD alpha-alumina coatings

Author

Giovannini, Tommaso, Giuliani, Finn, and Balint, Daniel

Subjects
671.7
Abstract

The mechanical performance of metal cutting tools has improved considerably since the industry started to adopt ceramic coatings deposited via physical (PVD) and chemical vapour deposition (CVD). Further improvements in cutting tool performance are therefore contingent on the improved mechanical performance of these coatings. These developments require a thorough understanding of the micromechanical mechanisms in operation during metal cutting operations, with specific emphasis on plastic deformation of the coatings, and how it affects overall tool performance. To investigate the plastic deformation behaviour of the coating materials, an experimental characterisation on commonly used CVD α-Al2O3 and Ti(C,N) coatings was performed. This investigation started with electron back scattered diffraction (EBSD) measurements of the different coatings to allow for measurement of their crystallographic texture. These measurements were complemented by high temperature (300°C) nanoindentation measurements. Micropillar compression experiments were also performed to probe the critical resolved shear stress of the active plastic deformation systems in the α-Al2O3 coatings. Combined, these investigations allowed to understand the effect of crystallographic orientation and high temperatures on the coating deformation behaviour. To complement the experimental characterization of the coating materials, development of a modelling framework, based on planar discrete dislocation plasticity theory, was also initiated. A fundamental input quantity of the modelling framework is known as the dislocation drag coefficient which is used to govern the mobility of plastic defects during simulations. An experimental framework, based on the micropillar compression of Zr-4 micropillars, was developed to evaluate the feasibility of rapid experimental measurement of the quantity.

Published
2019
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514. New orphan disease therapies from the proteome of industrial plasma processing waste- a treatment for aceruloplasminemia

Author

Zanardi, A, Nardini, I, Raia, S, Conti, A, Ferrini, B, D'Adamo, P, Gilberti, E, Depalma, G, Belloli, S, Monterisi, C, Coliva, A, Rainone, P, Moresco, R, Mori, F, Zurlo, G, Scali, C, Natali, L, Pancanti, A, Giovacchini, P, Magherini, G, Tovani, G, Salvini, L, Cicaloni, V, Tinti, C, Tinti, L, Lana, D, Magni, G, Giovannini, M, Gringeri, A, Caricasole, A, Alessio, M, Zanardi A., Nardini I., Raia S., Conti A., Ferrini B., D'Adamo P., Gilberti E., DePalma G., Belloli S., Monterisi C., Coliva A., Rainone P., Moresco R. M., Mori F., Zurlo G., Scali C., Natali L., Pancanti A., Giovacchini P., Magherini G., Tovani G., Salvini L., Cicaloni V., Tinti C., Tinti L., Lana D., Magni G., Giovannini M. G., Gringeri A., Caricasole A., Alessio M., Zanardi, A, Nardini, I, Raia, S, Conti, A, Ferrini, B, D'Adamo, P, Gilberti, E, Depalma, G, Belloli, S, Monterisi, C, Coliva, A, Rainone, P, Moresco, R, Mori, F, Zurlo, G, Scali, C, Natali, L, Pancanti, A, Giovacchini, P, Magherini, G, Tovani, G, Salvini, L, Cicaloni, V, Tinti, C, Tinti, L, Lana, D, Magni, G, Giovannini, M, Gringeri, A, Caricasole, A, Alessio, M, Zanardi A., Nardini I., Raia S., Conti A., Ferrini B., D'Adamo P., Gilberti E., DePalma G., Belloli S., Monterisi C., Coliva A., Rainone P., Moresco R. M., Mori F., Zurlo G., Scali C., Natali L., Pancanti A., Giovacchini P., Magherini G., Tovani G., Salvini L., Cicaloni V., Tinti C., Tinti L., Lana D., Magni G., Giovannini M. G., Gringeri A., Caricasole A., and Alessio M.

Abstract

Plasma-derived therapeutic proteins are produced through an industrial fractionation process where proteins are purified from individual intermediates, some of which remain unused and are discarded. Relatively few plasma-derived proteins are exploited clinically, with most of available plasma being directed towards the manufacture of immunoglobulin and albumin. Although the plasma proteome provides opportunities to develop novel protein replacement therapies, particularly for rare diseases, the high cost of plasma together with small patient populations impact negatively on the development of plasma-derived orphan drugs. Enabling therapeutics development from unused plasma fractionation intermediates would therefore constitute a substantial innovation. To this objective, we characterized the proteome of unused plasma fractionation intermediates and prioritized proteins for their potential as new candidate therapies for human disease. We selected ceruloplasmin, a plasma ferroxidase, as a potential therapy for aceruloplasminemia, an adult-onset ultra-rare neurological disease caused by iron accumulation as a result of ceruloplasmin mutations. Intraperitoneally administered ceruloplasmin, purified from an unused plasma fractionation intermediate, was able to prevent neurological, hepatic and hematological phenotypes in ceruloplasmin-deficient mice. These data demonstrate the feasibility of transforming industrial waste plasma fraction into a raw material for manufacturing of new candidate proteins for replacement therapies, optimizing plasma use and reducing waste generation.

Published
2024

515. The role of nutritional supplement on post-stroke fatigue: a pilot randomized controlled trial

Author

Giovannini, Silvia, Iacovelli, Chiara, Loreti, Claudia, Lama, Elisabetta, Morciano, Nadia, Frisullo, Giovanni, Biscotti, Lorenzo, Padua, Luca, Castelli, Letizia, Giovannini, Silvia (ORCID:0000-0001-9125-752X), Padua, Luca (ORCID:0000-0003-2570-9326), Castelli, Letizia (ORCID:0000-0001-9455-3789), Giovannini, Silvia, Iacovelli, Chiara, Loreti, Claudia, Lama, Elisabetta, Morciano, Nadia, Frisullo, Giovanni, Biscotti, Lorenzo, Padua, Luca, Castelli, Letizia, Giovannini, Silvia (ORCID:0000-0001-9125-752X), Padua, Luca (ORCID:0000-0003-2570-9326), and Castelli, Letizia (ORCID:0000-0001-9455-3789)

Abstract

Objectives: Post-stroke fatigue (PSF) is an experience characterized by an early feeling of exhaustion with fatigue, a lack of energy, and difficulty in exertion, both motor and cognitive. To counteract fatigue and limit its effects on activities of daily living, the use of vitamins and minerals is known in addition to the pharmacological approach. However, few studies have evaluated the effect of vitamin and mineral supplementation on fatigue management. SiderAL Med is a food for special medical purposes with a complete formulation containing vitamins, sucrosomal minerals, copper and algal calcium. The aim of the study is to evaluate whether nutritional supplementation with SiderAL Med improves the symptom of fatigue and motor and cognitive function in stroke patients. Design: This is a pilot, randomized study with a control group. Setting: Post-Acute Rehabilitation Unit of the Fondazione Policlinico “A. Gemelli” IRCCS. Participants: Twenty-four patients with stroke outcomes, admitted to rehabilitation, were recruited and randomized into the experimental group (Sid-G) and the control group (CG). Intervention: The Sid-G patients, in association with the pharmacological and rehabilitation therapy foreseen during hospitalization, took SiderAL1 Med, one sachet per day for 8 weeks, while the CG patients underwent only the pharmacological and rehabilitation therapy foreseen in the daily routine. Measurements: All patients were assessed at baseline (T0), after 4 weeks (T1), after 8 weeks (T2) and after 12 weeks (T3) for motor and cognitive fatigue, balance, walking, functional capacity, cognitive performance, autonomy, quality of life and body composition. Results: Both Sid-G and CG patients showed significant improvement on most rating scales between T0-T1-T2-T3 (p=0.0001). When comparing the two groups, a statistically significant difference emerged in favor of Sid-G with regard to motor fatigue (p=0.007), cognitive fatigue (p=0.009) and total fatigue (p=0.034); balance

Published
2024

516. Modification of heart rate variability induced by focal muscle vibration in patients with severe acquired brain injury

Author

Pazzaglia, Costanza, Cuccagna, Cristina, Gatto, Dario Mattia, Giovannini, Silvia, Fusco, Augusto, Castelli, Letizia, Padua, Luca, Giovannini, Silvia (ORCID:0000-0001-9125-752X), Castelli, Letizia (ORCID:0000-0001-9455-3789), Padua, Luca (ORCID:0000-0003-2570-9326), Pazzaglia, Costanza, Cuccagna, Cristina, Gatto, Dario Mattia, Giovannini, Silvia, Fusco, Augusto, Castelli, Letizia, Padua, Luca, Giovannini, Silvia (ORCID:0000-0001-9125-752X), Castelli, Letizia (ORCID:0000-0001-9455-3789), and Padua, Luca (ORCID:0000-0003-2570-9326)

Abstract

Background/PurposeHeart rate variability (HRV) is a biomarker of autonomic nervous system (ANS) reaction in persons with severe acquired brain injury (sABI) who undergo a rehabilitation treatment, such as focal muscle vibration (FMV).This study aims to evaluate if and how FMV can modulate HRV and to compare potential differences in FMV modulation in HRV between patients with sABI and healthy controls.Background/PurposeHeart rate variability (HRV) is a biomarker of autonomic nervous system (ANS) reaction in persons with severe acquired brain injury (sABI) who undergo a rehabilitation treatment, such as focal muscle vibration (FMV).This study aims to evaluate if and how FMV can modulate HRV and to compare potential differences in FMV modulation in HRV between patients with sABI and healthy controls.MethodsTen patients with sABI and seven healthy controls have been recruited. Each individual underwent the same stimulation protocol (four consecutive trains of vibration of 5 minutes each with a 1-minute pause). HRV was analyzed through the ratio of frequency domain heart-rate variability (LF/HF).ResultsIn the control group, after performing FMV, a significant LF/HF difference was observed in the in the second vibration session compared to the POST phase. Patients with SABI treated on the affected side showed a statistically significant LF/HF difference in the PRE compared to the first vibration session.ConclusionThese preliminary results suggest that FMV may modify the cardiac ANS activity in patients with sABI.

Published
2024

517. Narrative review on the management of moderate-severe atopic dermatitis in pediatric age of the Italian Society of Pediatric Allergology and Immunology (SIAIP), of the Italian Society of Pediatric Dermatology (SIDerP) and of the Italian Society of Pediatrics (SIP)

Author

Elena Galli, Anna Belloni Fortina, Giampaolo Ricci, Nunzia Maiello, Iria Neri, Ermanno Baldo, Irene Berti, Domenico Bonamonte, Lucetta Capra, Elena Carboni, Rossella Carello, Francesca Caroppo, Giovanni Cavagni, Iolanda Chinellato, Francesca Cipriani, Pasquale Comberiati, Andrea Diociaiuti, Vito Di Lernia, Marzia Duse, Cesare Filippeschi, Arianna Giannetti, Mattia Giovannini, Amelia Licari, Gian Luigi Marseglia, Manuela Pace, Annalisa Patrizi, Giovanni Battista Pajno, Diego Peroni, Alberto Villani, and Lawrence Eichenfield

Subjects
Atopic Dermatitis, Childhood, Position Paper, Management, Topical Therapies, New Drugs, Pediatrics, RJ1-570
Abstract

Abstract Currently, there are a few detailed guidelines on the overall management of children and adolescents with moderate-severe atopic dermatitis. AD ​​is a complex disease presenting with different clinical phenotypes, which require an individualized and multidisciplinary approach. Therefore, appropriate interaction between primary care pediatricians, pediatric allergists, and pediatric dermatologists is crucial to finding the best management strategy. In this manuscript, members of the Italian Society of Pediatric Allergology and Immunology (SIAIP), the Italian Society of Pediatric Dermatology (SIDerP), and the Italian Society of Pediatrics (SIP) with expertise in the management of moderate-severe atopic dermatitis have reviewed the latest scientific evidence in the field. This narrative review aims to define a pathway to appropriately managing children and adolescents with moderate-severe atopic dermatitis.

Published
2022
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518. Three new troglobitic Coarazuphium (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Zuphiini) species from a Brazilian hotspot of cave beetles: exploring how the environmental attributes of caves drive ground-beetle niches

Author

Thais Giovannini Pellegrini, Rodrigo Lopes Ferreira, Robson de Almeida Zampaulo, and Letícia Vieira

Subjects
Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract

Three new species of troglobitic beetles of the genus Coarazuphium are described from specimens collected in iron ore caves in the Flona de Carajás in Brazil, doubling the number of known species for the Carajás region. The new species of Coarazuphium are morphologically similar to the already described species from the same region and are distributed in a small geographic range. From all Coarazuphium species of the region, including the new ones, two stand out, C. spinifemur and C. xingu sp. nov., which are the smallest Coarazuphium species. Both species have shorter legs and antennae when compared to the others. The main characteristic that differentiates C. xikrin sp. nov. and C. kayapo sp. nov. from the other two species from the Carajás region, C. tapiaguassu and C. amazonicum, is that the new species have more numerous setigerous punctures dorsally on the head. With the three new species added to the six already described congeners, the area of intense mining of the Carajás region includes the highest diversity of obligatory cave-dwelling beetles in Brazil, representing a hotspot of cave beetles. Coarazuphium xikrin sp. nov. and C. amazonicum co-occur in some of the caves of the Carajás region, which is possible due to putative niche differentiation between the species. These findings highlight the importance of maintaining legal provisions that ensure the preservation of caves, especially those most relevant regarding physical and biotic aspects, which is crucial for the conservation of Brazilian subterranean biodiversity.

Published
2022
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519. The Bolzano Tracer Experiment (BTEX)

Author

Zardi, Dino, Falocchi, Marco, Giovannini, Lorenzo, Tirler, Werner, Tomasi, Elena, Antonacci, Gianluca, Ferrero, Enrico, Alessandrini, Stefano, Jimenez, Pedro A., Kosovic, Branko, and Monache, Luca Delle

Published
2021

520. Impact of screen exposure on pediatric vernal Keratoconjunctivitis: a survey during the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy

Author

Marzio Masini, Giulia Brindisi, Mattia Giovannini, Elia Pignataro, Laura Di Grande, Cinzia De Libero, Marcella Nebbioso, Francesca Mori, Roberto Caputo, and Anna Maria Zicari

Subjects
Vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC), Children, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, Lockdown, Survey, Pediatrics, RJ1-570
Abstract

Abstract Background The SARS-CoV-2 outbreak pushed the Italian government to start a strict lockdown, replacing school attendance with long-distance learning. This caused reduced exposure to sunlight but increased exposure to screens. Vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) is a chronic inflammatory ocular condition in which exposure to light plays a cardinal role. We conducted an online survey to evaluate the impact of screen exposure on children with VKC during the COVID-19 lockdown. Methods We performed a survey-based observational study, asking patients followed at the Allergology clinics of Meyer Children’s University Hospital in Florence and of Policlinico Umberto I in Rome to provide grading on 6 subjective ocular clinical manifestations presented during the lockdown and to give an estimate of their hours/day of screen exposure. Results Mean scores of signs and symptoms increased homogeneously when studying patients exposed to longer screen time. When comparing scores collected in 2019 to those in 2020, there was not a significant reduction in clinical manifestations, although the situation differed between the two centers due to geographical differences in sunlight exposure. Conclusion During the lockdown, there was a reduction in sunlight exposure but conversely an increase in the time spent in front of screens that correlated with the worsening of VKC signs and symptoms in direct proportion to the hours/day of screen exposure. Our results also showed a statistically significant difference in the relative impact of long-distance learning on VKC clinical manifestations in the different Italian regions.

Published
2022
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521. Spectator electric fields, de Sitter space-time and the Schwinger effect

Author

Giovannini, Massimo

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Theory, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract

During a de Sitter stage of expansion the spectator fields of different spin are constrained by the critical density bound and by further requirements determined by their specific physical nature. The evolution of spectator electric fields in conformally flat background geometries is occasionally concocted by postulating the existence of ad hoc currents but this apparently innocuous trick violates the second law of thermodynamics. Such a problem occurs, in particular, for those configurations (customarily employed for the analysis of the Schwinger effect in four-dimensional de Sitter backgrounds) leading to an electric energy density which is practically unaffected by the expansion of the underlying geometry. The obtained results are compared with more mundane situations where Joule heating develops in the early stages of a quasi-de Sitter phase., Comment: 9 pages

Published
2018
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522. Phonon driven Floquet matter

Author

Hübener, Hannes, De Giovannini, Umberto, and Rubio, Angel

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Materials Science
Abstract

A resonantly excited coherent phonon leads to a periodic oscillation of the atomic lattice in a crystal structure bringing the material into a non-equilibrium electronic configuration. Periodically oscillating quantum systems can be understood in terms of Floquet theory and we show these concepts can be applied to coherent lattice vibrations reflecting the underlying coupling mechanism between electrons and bosonic modes. This coupling leads to dressed quasi-particles imprinting specific signatures in the spectrum of the electronic structure. Taking graphene as a paradigmatic material we show how the phonon-dressed states display an intricate sideband structure revealing electron-phonon coupling and topological ordering. This work establishes that the recently demonstrated concept of light-induced non-equilibrium Floquet phases can also be applied when using coherent phonon modes for the dynamical control of material properties. The present results are generic for bosonic time-dependent perturbations and similar phenomena can be observed for plasmon, magnon or exciton driven materials.

Published
2018
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530. Astrocytes phenomics as new druggable targets in healthy aging and Alzheimer's disease progression.

Author

Lana, Daniele, Ugolini, Filippo, Iovino, Ludovica, Attorre, Selene, and Giovannini, Maria Grazia

Subjects
ALZHEIMER'S disease, CELL populations, NEURAL circuitry, TRANSCRIPTOMES, ASTROCYTES
Abstract

For over a century after their discovery astrocytes were regarded merely as cells located among other brain cells to hold and give support to neurons. Astrocytes activation, "astrocytosis" or A1 functional state, was considered a detrimental mechanism against neuronal survival. Recently, the scientific view on astrocytes has changed. Accumulating evidence indicate that astrocytes are not homogeneous, but rather encompass heterogeneous subpopulations of cells that differ from each other in terms of transcriptomics, molecular signature, function and response in physiological and pathological conditions. In this review, we report and discuss the recent literature on the phenomic differences of astrocytes in health and their modifications in disease conditions, focusing mainly on the hippocampus, a region involved in learning and memory encoding, in the age-related memory impairments, and in Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia. The morphological and functional heterogeneity of astrocytes in different brain regions may be related to their different housekeeping functions. Astrocytes that express diverse transcriptomics and phenomics are present in strictly correlated brain regions and they are likely responsible for interactions essential for the formation of the specialized neural circuits that drive complex behaviors. In the contiguous and interconnected hippocampal areas CA1 and CA3, astrocytes show different, finely regulated, and region-specific heterogeneity. Heterogeneous astrocytes have specific activities in the healthy brain, and respond differently to physiological or pathological stimuli, such as inflammaging present in normal brain aging or beta-amyloid-dependent neuroinflammation typical of AD. To become reactive, astrocytes undergo transcriptional, functional, and morphological changes that transform them into cells with different properties and functions. Alterations of astrocytes affect the neurovascular unit, the blood–brain barrier and reverberate to other brain cell populations, favoring or dysregulating their activities. It will be of great interest to understand whether the differential phenomics of astrocytes in health and disease can explain the diverse vulnerability of the hippocampal areas to aging or to different damaging insults, in order to find new astrocyte-targeted therapies that might prevent or treat neurodegenerative disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2025
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531. Clinical and radiographic outcomes of extra-short implants (≤ 6 mm) in the posterior atrophic jaws: a retrospective cohort study.

Author

Sivolella, Stefano, Giovannini, Stefano, Berberi, Joana, Stocchero, Michele, and Brunello, Giulia

Subjects
IMPACT loads, UNIVARIATE analysis, COHORT analysis, ADULTS, JAWS
Abstract

Objective: This study aimed at investigating implant survival rate and marginal bone loss (MBL) around extra-short implants. The impact of the loading protocol and of the use of an intermediate abutment was also evaluated, to explore possible differences in terms of the outcome measures. Materials and methods: Patients with single or multiple mandibular or maxillary posterior edentulism rehabilitated using extra-short 5–6 mm long implants were included. Different prosthetic protocols were used. Clinical and radiological follow-up was 5 years. The outcomes measures were implant survival and MBL. Results: The analysis included 56 implants placed in 34 adults (12 males and 22 females; mean age 60 years, SD 11). Six implants failed during a median follow-up of 5 years and 4 of them were recorded in one patient at 2-year follow-up. The 5-year implant survival was 89% overall (87% in conventional and 94% in immediate loading). At univariate analysis, during follow-up immediate loading was associated with higher MBL (mean variation 0.21 mm, 95%CI 0.01 to 0.40; p = 0.02), while intermediate abutment was associated with lower MBL (mean variation -0.23 mm, 95%CI -0.39 to -0.09; p = 0.003). Multivariable analysis confirmed that immediate loading was associated with higher MBL. Conclusion: Within its limitations, this study showed that extra-short implants under immediate loading conditions can be a reliable solution. The application of horizontal and vertical platform switching with the use of intermediate abutments seems to be able to contribute to the reduction of MBL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2025
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532. Sound production during feeding in Icelandic herring-eating killer whales (<italic>Orcinus orca</italic>)

Author

Giovannini, Giorgia, Miller, Patrick J.O., Wensveen, Paul J., and Samarra, Filipa I.P.

Abstract

Killer whale vocal behaviour is intricately connected to dietary preferences. In Iceland, killer whales feeding on herring are vocally active, use tail slaps to debilitate fish and produce herding calls, thought to function to affect prey. However, there is still limited understanding of how sounds are used by the whales or produced during feeding activities. We used acoustic data collected using archival tags deployed in 2009 (n = 4), 2021 (n = 9), 2022 (n = 5) and 2023 (n = 8) to investigate killer whale sound production during feeding on herring. The acoustic record was divided into 5-min bins, and the presence of clicks and tail slaps was marked for each bin. Then, sound production in the 5-min prior and 1-min following each tail slap was examined in detail, marking echolocation clicks, buzzes, herding calls and prey consumption sounds. Most bins including echolocation clicks (81.8%) were found to either contain a tail slap or to immediately precede a tail slap, indicating that echolocation is primarily used during feeding and likely less so for navigation and orientation. Buzzes, which likely function to locate debilitated prey in the immediate vicinity of the whale, followed 73.5% of the tail slaps. Prey consumption sounds might be useful as markers of feeding success and were present in 63% of feeding events, always following buzzes. Herding calls were found in 26% of feeding events in 2021–2023 and absent in 2009, which may suggest that it is a group-specific call or that it is not used in all feeding events. Variations in sound production of herring-eating killer whales during feeding may be driven by environmental characteristics, individual identity or prey characteristics; future studies combining sound with other tag sensor data such as video, and prey sampling will be crucial to explore these possible drivers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2025
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533. EUS-guided hepaticojejunostomy in patients with history of total gastrectomy: a multicenter retrospective feasibility study (with video).

Author

Balducci, Daniele, Ratone, Jean-Philippe, Schaefer, Marion, Godat, Sébastien, Perez-Cuadrado-Robles, Enrique, Hoibian, Solene, Dahel, Yanis, Dalex, Meddy, Chevaux, Jean-Baptiste, Caillol, Fabrice, and Giovannini, Marc

Abstract

EUS-guided hepaticogastrostomy (EUS-HGS) is an effective biliary drainage technique for patients with altered anatomy or duodenal strictures. EUS-guided hepaticojejunostomy (EUS-HJS) can be used to create a fistula between the left hepatic duct and the jejunum in patients with a history of total gastrectomy. No specific data on this technique have been published. The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility and safety of EUS-HJS in patients with a history of total gastrectomy. This retrospective multicenter study included all adult patients who underwent EUS-HJS at 3 tertiary French centers and 1 tertiary Swiss center between May 2011 and February 2023. The primary outcome was clinical success, which was defined as the disappearance of pruritus, jaundice, and/or cholangitis. An improvement in bilirubin >30% within the first week and/or bilirubin normalization within 1 month after the procedure were also considered indicators of clinical success. Secondary outcomes were technical success, rate of adverse events, need for endoscopic revision, possibility of resuming anticancer treatment, median survival, and technical differences compared with EUS-HGS. Twenty-one patients with history of complete gastrectomy who underwent EUS-HJS were included. Technical success was achieved in 100% of patients (95% confidence interval [CI], 85-100). Clinical success was achieved in 80% of patients (95% CI, 58-92). The incidence of recorded adverse events was 33% (95% CI, 17-55), with cholangitis being the most frequent adverse event. Seven patients (39%) were able to benefit from anticancer treatment after the procedure. Median survival time was 6 months (interquartile range, 1.5-12). EUS-HJS is an effective and feasible procedure for patients whose anatomy has been altered by total gastrectomy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2025
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535. Late-onset temporal lobe epilepsy: insights from brain atrophy and Alzheimer's disease biomarkers.

Author

Ballerini, Alice, Biagioli, Niccolò, Carbone, Chiara, Chiari, Annalisa, Tondelli, Manuela, Vinceti, Giulia, Bedin, Roberta, Malagoli, Marcella, Genovese, Maurilio, Scolastico, Simona, Giovannini, Giada, Pugnaghi, Matteo, Orlandi, Niccolò, Lemieux, Louis, Meletti, Stefano, Zamboni, Giovanna, and Vaudano, Anna Elisabetta

Subjects
TEMPORAL lobe epilepsy, ALZHEIMER'S disease, MILD cognitive impairment, TAU proteins, CEREBRAL atrophy
Abstract

Considering the growing age of the world population, the incidence of epilepsy in older adults is expected to increase significantly. It has been suggested that late-onset temporal lobe epilepsy (LO-TLE) may be neurodegenerative in origin and overlap with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Herein, we aimed to characterize the pattern of cortical atrophy and CSF biomarkers of AD (total and phosphorylated tau and amyloid-β) in a selected population of LO-TLE of unknown origin. We prospectively enrolled individuals with temporal lobe epilepsy onset after the age of 50 and no cognitive impairment. They underwent a structural MRI scan and CSF biomarkers measurement. Imaging and biomarkers data were compared to three retrospectively collected groups: (i) age-sex-matched healthy controls; (ii) patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and abnormal CSF AD biomarkers (MCI-AD); and (iii) patients with MCI and normal CSF AD biomarkers (MCI-noAD). From a pool of 52 patients, 20 consecutive eligible LO-TLE patients with a mean disease duration of 1.8 years were recruited. As control populations, 25 patients with MCI-AD, 25 patients with MCI-noAD and 25 healthy controls were enrolled. CSF biomarkers returned normal values in LO-TLE, significantly different from patients with MCI due to AD. There were no differences in cortico-subcortical atrophy between epilepsy patients and healthy controls, while patients with MCI demonstrated widespread injuries of cortico-subcortical structures. Individuals with LO-TLE, characterized by short disease duration and normal CSF amyloid-β and tau protein levels, showed patterns of cortical thickness and subcortical volumes not significantly different from healthy controls, but highly different from patients with MCI, either due to AD or not. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2025
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536. Insights into the influence of intercropping and arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculation on two modern durum wheat cultivars and their associated microbiota.

Author

Zampieri, Elisa, Sillo, Fabiano, Metelli, Giulio, Cucu, Maria Alexandra, Montesano, Vincenzo, Quagliata, Giulia, Philipp, Lena, Brescia, Francesca, Conte, Adriano, Giovannini, Luca, Mennone, Carmelo, Fiore, Angelo, Astolfi, Stefania, Savatin, Daniel, Sestili, Francesco, Reitz, Thomas, and Balestrini, Raffaella

Subjects
CROP science, SUSTAINABLE agriculture, AGRICULTURE, LIFE sciences, CULTIVARS, INTERCROPPING, LENTILS, DURUM wheat
Abstract

Intercropping, based on the interplay between cereals and legumes, might be an encouraging approach to improve soil fertility and crop productivity and to guarantee more sustainable farming systems. However, plant consociation is also influenced by the interaction between roots and soil microbial communities, and different plant genotypes might differently respond to this management. Here, a 2-year field study was carried out, verifying the impact of intercropping and the inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on two varieties of durum wheat, using a lentil variety as intercropped plant species, on wheat agronomic parameters and grain features, as well as on microbial communities of soil, rhizosphere and wheat roots. Results showed a genotype effect on diverse agronomic parameters, gluten quality and grain elemental concentrations. Additionally, intercropping and AM fungal inoculation affected and shaped the microbial alpha diversity and composition, especially for the AMF community, at root level. Overall, the effects of the considered treatments (intercropping with lentil and AM fungal inoculation) were noticeably influenced by the specific wheat genotype, suggesting the importance to conduct a careful selection of intercropped genotypes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2025
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537. Probing large-scale magnetism with the Cosmic Microwave Background

Author

Giovannini, Massimo

Subjects
Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract

Prior to photon decoupling magnetic random fields of comoving intensity in the nano-Gauss range distort the temperature and the polarization anisotropies of the microwave background, potentially induce a peculiar B-mode power spectrum and may even generate a frequency-dependent circularly polarized V-mode. We critically analyze the theoretical foundations and the recent achievements of an interesting trialogue involving plasma physics, general relativity and astrophysics., Comment: 130 pages; 15 figures; corrected typos added few references to match the published version

Published
2017
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538. YbPd$_2$In: a promising candidate to strong entropy accumulation at very low temperature

Author

Gastaldo, F., Gabani, S., Džubinská, A., Reiffers, M., Pristáš, G., Čurlík, I., Skyba, P., Clovecko, M., Vavrek, F., Sereni, J. G., and Giovannini, M.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons
Abstract

We report on synthesis, crystal structure, magnetic, thermodynamic and transport properties of the new compound YbPd$_2$In, crystallizing as a Heusler structure type. A trivalent state of the rare earth was determined by fitting the magnetic susceptibility with a Curie-Weiss law. This compound is characterized by showing very weak magnetic interactions and a negligible Kondo effect. A specific heat jump was observed at $T\approx 250$ mK, followed at higher temperature by a power law decrease of $C_P(T)/T$. The resulting large electronic entropy increase at very low temperature is rapidly shifted to higher temperature by the application of magnetic field. This magnetocaloric effect places YbPd$_2$In as a very good candidate for adiabatic demagnetization cooling processes., Comment: 5 pages, 5 figures

Published
2017

539. Enhanced Polarized Emission from the One-Parsec-Scale Hotspot of 3C 84 as a Result of the Interaction with Clumpy Ambient Medium

Author

Nagai, H., Fujita, Y., Nakamura, M., Orienti, M., Kino, M., Asada, K., and Giovannini, G.

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

We present Very Long Baseline Array polarimetric observations of the innermost jet of 3C$\sim$84 (NGC$\sim$1275) at 43$\sim$GHz. A significant polarized emission is detected at the hotspot of the innermost re-started jet, which is located $\sim$1 pc south from the radio core. While the previous report presented a hotspot at the southern end of the western limb, the hotspot location has been moved to the southern end of the eastern limb. Faraday rotation is detected within an entire bandwidth of the 43-GHz band. The measured rotation measure (RM) is at most (6.3$\pm$1.9)$\times10^{5}$$\sim$rad$\sim$m$^{-2}$ and might be slightly time variable on the timescale of a month by a factor of a few. Our measured RM and the RM previously reported by the CARMA and SMA observations cannot be consistently explained by the spherical accretion flow with a power-law profile. We propose that a clumpy/inhomogeneous ambient medium is responsible for the observed rotation measure. Using equipartition magnetic field, we derive the electron density of $2\times10^{4}$$\sim$cm$^{-3}$. Such an electron density is consistent with the cloud of narrow line emission region around the central engine. We also discuss the magnetic field configuration from black hole scale to pc scale and the origin of low polarization., Comment: 8 pages, 8 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ

Published
2017
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540. Cherenkov Telescope Array Contributions to the 35th International Cosmic Ray Conference (ICRC2017)

Author

Acero, F., Acharya, B. S., Portella, V. Acín, Adams, C., Agudo, I., Aharonian, F., Samarai, I. Al, Alberdi, A., Alcubierre, M., Alfaro, R., Alfaro, J., Alispach, C., Aloisio, R., Batista, R. Alves, Amans, J. -P., Amato, E., Ambrogi, L., Ambrosi, G., Ambrosio, M., Anderson, J., Anduze, M., Angüner, E. O., Antolini, E., Antonelli, L. A., Antonuccio, V., Antoranz, P., Aramo, C., Araya, M., Arcaro, C., Armstrong, T., Arqueros, F., Arrabito, L., Arrieta, M., Asano, K., Asano, A., Ashley, M., Aubert, P., Singh, C. B., Babic, A., Backes, M., Bajtlik, S., Balazs, C., Balbo, M., Ballester, O., Ballet, J., Ballo, L., Balzer, A., Bamba, A., Bandiera, R., Barai, P., Barbier, C., Barcelo, M., Barkov, M., de Almeida, U. Barres, Barrio, J. A., Bastieri, D., Bauer, C., Becciani, U., Becherini, Y., Tjus, J. Becker, Bednarek, W., Belfiore, A., Benbow, W., Benito, M., Berge, D., Bernardini, E., Bernardini, M. G., Bernardos, M., Bernhard, S., Bernlöhr, K., Salucci, C. Bertinelli, Bertucci, B., Besel, M. -A., Beshley, V., Bettane, J., Bhatt, N., Bhattacharyya, W., Bhattachryya, S., Biasuzzi, B., Bicknell, G., Bigongiari, C., Biland, A., Bilinsky, A., Bird, R., Bissaldi, E., Biteau, J., Bitossi, M., Blanch, O., Blasi, P., Blazek, J., Boccato, C., Bockermann, C., Boehm, C., Bohacova, M., Boisson, C., Bolmont, J., Bonanno, G., Bonardi, A., Bonavolontà, C., Bonnoli, G., Borkowski, J., Bose, R., Bosnjak, Z., Böttcher, M., Boutonnet, C., Bouyjou, F., Bowman, L., Bozhilov, V., Braiding, C., Brau-Nogué, S., Bregeon, J., Briggs, M., Brill, A., Brisken, W., Bristow, D., Britto, R., Brocato, E., Brown, A. M., Brown, S., Brügge, K., Brun, P., Brun, F., Brunetti, L., Brunetti, G., Bruno, P., Bryan, M., Buckley, J., Bugaev, V., Bühler, R., Bulgarelli, A., Bulik, T., Burton, M., Burtovoi, A., Busetto, G., Buson, S., Buss, J., Byrum, K., Caccianiga, A., Cameron, R., Canelli, F., Canestrari, R., Capalbi, M., Capasso, M., Capitanio, F., Caproni, A., Capuzzo-Dolcetta, R., Caraveo, P., Cárdenas, V., Cardenzana, J., Cardillo, M., Carlile, C., Caroff, S., Carosi, R., Carosi, A., Carquín, E., Carr, J., Casandjian, J. -M., Casanova, S., Cascone, E., Castro-Tirado, A. J., Mora, J. Castroviejo, Catalani, F., Catalano, O., Cauz, D., Silva, C. Celestino, Celli, S., Cerruti, M., Chabanne, E., Chadwick, P., Chakraborty, N., Champion, C., Chatterjee, A., Chaty, S., Chaves, R., Chen, A., Chen, X., Cheng, K., Chernyakova, M., Chikawa, M., Chitnis, V. R., Christov, A., Chudoba, J., Cieślar, M., Clark, P., Coco, V., Colafrancesco, S., Colin, P., Colombo, E., Colome, J., Colonges, S., Conforti, V., Connaughton, V., Conrad, J., Contreras, J. L., Cornat, R., Cortina, J., Costa, A., Costantini, H., Cotter, G., Courty, B., Covino, S., Covone, G., Cristofari, P., Criswell, S. J., Crocker, R., Croston, J., Crovari, C., Cuadra, J., Cuevas, O., Cui, X., Cumani, P., Cusumano, G., D'Aì, A., D'Ammando, F., D'Avanzo, P., D'Urso, D., Da Vela, P., Dale, Ø., Dang, V. T., Dangeon, L., Daniel, M., Davids, I., Dawson, B., Dazzi, F., De Angelis, A., De Caprio, V., Anjos, R. de Cássia dos, De Cesare, G., De Franco, A., De Frondat, F., Pino, E. M. de Gouveia Dal, de la Calle, I., De Lisio, C., Lopez, R. de los Reyes, De Lotto, B., De Luca, A., De Lucia, M., Neto, J. R. T. de Mello, de Naurois, M., Wilhelmi, E. de Oña, De Palma, F., De Persio, F., de Souza, V., Decock, J., Deil, C., Deiml, P., Del Santo, M., Delagnes, E., Deleglise, G., Reznicek, M. Delfino, Delgado, C., Mengual, J. Delgado, Della Ceca, R., della Volpe, D., Detournay, M., Devin, J., Di Girolamo, T., Di Giulio, C., Di Pierro, F., Di Venere, L., Diaz, L., Díaz, C., Dib, C., Dickinson, H., Diebold, S., Digel, S., Djannati-Ataï, A., Doert, M., Domínguez, A., Prester, D. Dominis, Donnarumma, I., Dorner, D., Doro, M., Dournaux, J. -L., Downes, T., Drake, G., Drappeau, S., Drass, H., Dravins, D., Drury, L., Dubus, G., Morå, K. Dundas, Durkalec, A., Dwarkadas, V., Ebr, J., Eckner, C., Edy, E., Egberts, K., Einecke, S., Eisch, J., Eisenkolb, F., Ekoume, T. R. N., Eleftheriadis, C., Elsässer, D., Emmanoulopoulos, D., Ernenwein, J. -P., Escarate, P., Eschbach, S., Espinoza, C., Evans, P., Evoli, C., Fairbairn, M., Falceta-Goncalves, D., Falcone, A., Ramazani, V. Fallah, Farakos, K., Farrell, E., Fasola, G., Favre, Y., Fede, E., Fedora, R., Fedorova, E., Fegan, S., Fernandez-Alonso, M., Fernández-Barral, A., Ferrand, G., Ferreira, O., Fesquet, M., Fiandrini, E., Fiasson, A., Filipovic, M., Fink, D., Finley, J. P., Finley, C., Finoguenov, A., Fioretti, V., Fiorini, M., Flores, H., Foffano, L., Föhr, C., Fonseca, M. V., Font, L., Fontaine, G., Fornasa, M., Fortin, P., Fortson, L., Fouque, N., Fraga, B., Franco, F. J., Coromina, L. Freixas, Fruck, C., Fugazza, D., Fujita, Y., Fukami, S., Fukazawa, Y., Fukui, Y., Funk, S., Furniss, A., Füßling, M., Gabici, S., Gadola, A., Gallant, Y., Galloway, D., Gallozzi, S., Garcia, B., Garcia, A., Gil, R. García, López, R. Garcia, Garczarczyk, M., Gardiol, D., Gargano, F., Gargano, C., Garozzo, S., Garrido-Ruiz, M., Gascon, D., Gasparetto, T., Gaté, F., Gaug, M., Gebhardt, B., Gebyehu, M., Geffroy, N., Genolini, B., Ghalumyan, A., Ghedina, A., Ghirlanda, G., Giammaria, P., Gianotti, F., Giebels, B., Giglietto, N., Gika, V., Gimenes, R., Giommi, P., Giordano, F., Giovannini, G., Giro, E., Giroletti, M., Gironnet, J., Giuliani, A., Glicenstein, J. -F., Gnatyk, R., Godinovic, N., Goldoni, P., Gómez, J. L., Gómez-Vargas, G., González, M. M., González, J. M., Gothe, K. S., Gotz, D., Goullon, J., Grabarczyk, T., Graciani, R., Graham, J., Grandi, P., Granot, J., Grasseau, G., Gredig, R., Green, A. J., Greenshaw, T., Grenier, I., Griffiths, S., Grillo, A., Grondin, M. -H., Grube, J., Guarino, V., Guest, B., Gueta, O., Gunji, S., Gyuk, G., Hadasch, D., Hagge, L., Hahn, J., Hahn, A., Hakobyan, H., Hara, S., Hardcastle, M. J., Hassan, T., Haubold, T., Haupt, A., Hayashi, K., Hayashida, M., He, H., Heller, M., Helo, J. C., Henault, F., Henri, G., Hermann, G., Hermel, R., Llorente, J. Herrera, Herrero, A., Hervet, O., Hidaka, N., Hinton, J., Hiroshima, N., Hirotani, K., Hnatyk, B., Hoang, J. K., Hoffmann, D., Hofmann, W., Holder, J., Horan, D., Hörandel, J., Hörbe, M., Horns, D., Horvath, P., Houles, J., Hovatta, T., Hrabovsky, M., Hrupec, D., Huet, J. -M., Hughes, G., Hui, D., Hull, G., Humensky, T. B., Hussein, M., Hütten, M., Iarlori, M., Ikeno, Y., Illa, J. M., Impiombato, D., Inada, T., Ingallinera, A., Inome, Y., Inoue, S., Inoue, T., Inoue, Y., Iocco, F., Ioka, K., Ionica, M., Iori, M., Iriarte, A., Ishio, K., Israel, G. L., Iwamura, Y., Jablonski, C., Jacholkowska, A., Jacquemier, J., Jamrozy, M., Janecek, P., Jankowsky, F., Jankowsky, D., Jansweijer, P., Jarnot, C., Jean, P., Johnson, C. A., Josselin, M., Jung-Richardt, I., Jurysek, J., Kaaret, P., Kachru, P., Kagaya, M., Kakuwa, J., Kalekin, O., Kankanyan, R., Karastergiou, A., Karczewski, M., Karkar, S., Katagiri, H., Kataoka, J., Katarzyński, K., Katz, U., Kawanaka, N., Kaye, L., Kazanas, D., Kelley-Hoskins, N., Khélifi, B., Kieda, D. B., Kihm, T., Kimeswenger, S., Kimura, S., Kisaka, S., Kishida, S., Kissmann, R., Kluźniak, W., Knapen, J., Knapp, J., Knödlseder, J., Koch, B., Kocot, J., Kohri, K., Komin, N., Kong, A., Konno, Y., Kosack, K., Kowal, G., Koyama, S., Kraus, M., Krause, M., Krauß, F., Krennrich, F., Kruger, P., Kubo, H., Kudryavtsev, V., Mezek, G. Kukec, Kumar, S., Kuroda, H., Kushida, J., Kushwaha, P., La Palombara, N., La Parola, V., La Rosa, G., Lahmann, R., Lalik, K., Lamanna, G., Landoni, M., Landriu, D., Landt, H., Lang, R. G., Lapington, J., Laporte, P., Blanc, O. Le, Flour, T. Le, Sidaner, P. Le, Leach, S., Leckngam, A., Lee, S. -H., Lee, W. H., Lees, J. -P., Lefaucheur, J., de Oliveira, M. A. Leigui, Lemoine-Goumard, M., Lenain, J. -P., Leto, G., Lico, R., Limon, M., Lindemann, R., Lindfors, E., Linhoff, L., Lipniacka, A., Lloyd, S., Lohse, T., Lombardi, S., Longo, F., Lopez, M., Lopez-Coto, R., Louge, T., Louis, F., Louys, M., Lucarelli, F., Lucchesi, D., Luque-Escamilla, P. L., Lyard, E., Maccarone, M. C., Maccarone, T., Mach, E., Madejski, G. M., Maier, G., Majczyna, A., Majumdar, P., Makariev, M., Malaguti, G., Malouf, A., Maltezos, S., Malyshev, D., Mandat, D., Maneva, G., Manganaro, M., Mangano, S., Manigot, P., Mannheim, K., Maragos, N., Marano, D., Marcowith, A., Marín, J., Mariotti, M., Marisaldi, M., Markoff, S., Martí, J., Martin, J. -M., Martin, P., Martin, L., Martínez, M., Martínez, G., Martínez, O., Marx, R., Masetti, N., Massimino, P., Mastichiadis, A., Mastropietro, M., Masuda, S., Matsumoto, H., Matthews, N., Mattiazzo, S., Maurin, G., Maxted, N., Mayer, M., Mazin, D., Mazziotta, M. N., Comb, L. Mc, McHardy, I., Medina, C., Melandri, A., Melioli, C., Melkumyan, D., Mereghetti, S., Meunier, J. -L., Meures, T., Meyer, M., Micanovic, S., Michael, T., Michałowski, J., Mievre, I., Miller, J., Minaya, I. A., Mineo, T., Mirabel, F., Miranda, J. M., Mirzoyan, R., Mitchell, A., Mizuno, T., Moderski, R., Mohammed, M., Mohrmann, L., Molijn, C., Molinari, E., Moncada, R., Montaruli, T., Monteiro, I., Mooney, D., Moore, P., Moralejo, A., Morcuende-Parrilla, D., Moretti, E., Mori, K., Morlino, G., Morris, P., Morselli, A., Moscato, F., Motohashi, D., Moulin, E., Mueller, S., Mukherjee, R., Munar, P., Mundell, C., Mundet, J., Murach, T., Muraishi, H., Murase, K., Murphy, A., Nagai, A., Nagar, N., Nagataki, S., Nagayoshi, T., Nagesh, B. K., Naito, T., Nakajima, D., Nakamori, T., Nakamura, Y., Nakayama, K., Naumann, D., Nayman, P., Neise, D., Nellen, L., Nemmen, R., Neronov, A., Neyroud, N., Nguyen, T., Nguyen, T. T., Trung, T. Nguyen, Nicastro, L., Nicolau-Kukliński, J., Niemiec, J., Nieto, D., Nievas-Rosillo, M., Nikołajuk, M., Nishijima, K., Nishikawa, K. -I., Nishiyama, G., Noda, K., Nogues, L., Nolan, S., Nosek, D., Nöthe, M., Novosyadlyj, B., Nozaki, S., Nunio, F., O'Brien, P., Oakes, L., Ocampo, C., Ochoa, J. P., Oger, R., Ohira, Y., Ohishi, M., Ohm, S., Okazaki, N., Okumura, A., Olive, J. -F., Ong, R. A., Orienti, M., Orito, R., Orlati, A., Osborne, J. P., Ostrowski, M., Otte, N., Ou, Z., Ovcharov, E., Oya, I., Ozieblo, A., Padovani, M., Paiano, S., Paizis, A., Palacio, J., Palatiello, M., Palatka, M., Pallotta, J., Panazol, J. -L., Paneque, D., Panter, M., Paoletti, R., Paolillo, M., Papitto, A., Paravac, A., Paredes, J. M., Pareschi, G., Parsons, R. D., Paśko, P., Pavy, S., Pe'er, A., Pech, M., Pedaletti, G., Del Campo, P. Peñil, Perez, A., Pérez-Torres, M. A., Perri, L., Perri, M., Persic, M., Petrashyk, A., Petrera, S., Petrucci, P. -O., Petruk, O., Peyaud, B., Pfeifer, M., Piano, G., Piel, Q., Pieloth, D., Pintore, F., García, C. Pio, Pisarski, A., Pita, S., Pizarro, L., Platos, Ł., Pohl, M., Poireau, V., Pollo, A., Porthault, J., Poutanen, J., Pozo, D., Prandini, E., Prasit, P., Prast, J., Pressard, K., Principe, G., Prokhorov, D., Prokoph, H., Prouza, M., Pruteanu, G., Pueschel, E., Pühlhofer, G., Puljak, I., Punch, M., Pürckhauer, S., Queiroz, F., Quinn, J., Quirrenbach, A., Rafighi, I., Rainò, S., Rajda, P. J., Rando, R., Rannot, R. C., Razzaque, S., Reichardt, I., Reimer, O., Reimer, A., Reisenegger, A., Renaud, M., Reposeur, T., Reville, B., Rezaeian, A. H., Rhode, W., Ribeiro, D., Ribó, M., Richer, M. G., Richtler, T., Rico, J., Rieger, F., Riquelme, M., Ristori, P. R., Rivoire, S., Rizi, V., Rodriguez, J., Fernandez, G. Rodriguez, Vázquez, J. J. Rodríguez, Rojas, G., Romano, P., Romeo, G., Roncadelli, M., Rosado, J., Rosen, S., Lees, S. Rosier, Rousselle, J., Rovero, A. C., Rowell, G., Rudak, B., Rugliancich, A., del Mazo, J. E. Ruíz, Rujopakarn, W., Rulten, C., Russo, F., Saavedra, O., Sabatini, S., Sacco, B., Sadeh, I., Hatlen, E. Sæther, Safi-Harb, S., Sahakian, V., Sailer, S., Saito, T., Sakaki, N., Sakurai, S., Salek, D., Greus, F. Salesa, Salina, G., Sanchez, D., Sánchez-Conde, M., Sandaker, H., Sandoval, A., Sangiorgi, P., Sanguillon, M., Sano, H., Santander, M., Santangelo, A., Santos, E. M., Sanuy, A., Sapozhnikov, L., Sarkar, S., Satalecka, K., Sato, Y., Saturni, F. G., Savalle, R., Sawada, M., Schanne, S., Schioppa, E. J., Schlenstedt, S., Schmidt, T., Schmoll, J., Schneider, M., Schoorlemmer, H., Schovanek, P., Schulz, A., Schussler, F., Schwanke, U., Schwarz, J., Schweizer, T., Schwemmer, S., Sciacca, E., Scuderi, S., Seglar-Arroyo, M., Segreto, A., Seitenzahl, I., Semikoz, D., Sergijenko, O., Serre, N., Servillat, M., Seweryn, K., Shah, K., Shalchi, A., Sharma, M., Shellard, R. C., Shilon, I., Sidoli, L., Sidz, M., Siejkowski, H., Silk, J., Sillanpää, A., Simone, D., Singh, B. B., Sironi, G., Sitarek, J., Sizun, P., Sliusar, V., Slowikowska, A., Smith, A., Sobczyńska, D., Sokolenko, A., Sol, H., Sottile, G., Springer, W., Stahl, O., Stamerra, A., Stanič, S., Starling, R., Staszak, D., Stawarz, Ł., Steenkamp, R., Stefanik, S., Stegmann, C., Steiner, S., Stella, C., Stephan, M., Sternberger, R., Sterzel, M., Stevenson, B., Stodulska, M., Stodulski, M., Stolarczyk, T., Stratta, G., Straumann, U., Stuik, R., Suchenek, M., Suomijarvi, T., Supanitsky, A. 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Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

List of contributions from the Cherenkov Telescope Array Consortium presented at the 35th International Cosmic Ray Conference, July 12-20 2017, Busan, Korea., Comment: Index of Cherenkov Telescope Array conference proceedings at the ICRC2017, Busan, Korea

Published
2017

541. Quantum coherence of cosmological perturbations

Author

Giovannini, Massimo

Subjects
General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Theory
Abstract

The degrees of quantum coherence of cosmological perturbations of different spins are computed in the large-scale limit and compared with the standard results holding for a single mode of the electromagnetic field in an optical cavity. The degree second-order coherence of curvature inhomogeneities (and, more generally, of the scalar modes of the geometry) reproduces faithfully the optical limit. For the vector and tensor fluctuations the numerical values of the normalized degrees of second-order coherence in the zero-time delay limit are always larger than unity (which is the Poisson benchmark value) but differ from the corresponding expressions obtainable in the framework of the single-mode approximation. General lessons are drawn on the quantum coherence of large-scale cosmological fluctuations., Comment: 10 pages, minor corrected typos; to appear in Mod.Phys. Lett. A

Published
2017
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542. Narrow head-tail radio galaxies at very high resolution

Author

de Gregory, Beatrice Terni, Feretti, Luigina, Giovannini, Gabriele, Govoni, Federica, Murgia, Matteo, Perley, Rick A., and Vacca, Valentina

Subjects
Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

Aims. Narrow-angle tailed (NAT) sources in clusters of galaxies can show on the large scale very narrow tails that are unresolved even at arcsecond resolution. These sources could therefore be classified as one-sided jets. The aim of this paper is to gain new insight into the structure of these sources, and establish whether they are genuine one-sided objects, or if they are two-sided sources. Methods. We observed a sample of apparently one-sided NAT sources at subarcsecond resolution to obtain detailed information on their structure in the nuclear regions of radio galaxies. Results. Most radio galaxies are found to show two-sided jets with sharp bends, and therefore the sources are similar to the more classical NATs, which are affected by strong projection effects., Comment: This is a low resolution version, because of space problems. A full resolution PDF version is available at http://www.ira.inaf.it/~lferetti/OUTGOING/paperNAT/paperNAT-hr.pdf 15 figures, accepted for the pubblication in Astronomy & Astrophysics

Published
2017
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543. Averaged Energy Conditions and Bouncing Universes

Author

Giovannini, Massimo

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Theory, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract

The dynamics of bouncing universes is characterized by violating certain coordinate invariant restrictions on the total energy-momentum tensor, customarily referred to as energy conditions. Although there could be epochs where the null energy condition is locally violated, it may perhaps be enforced in an averaged sense. Explicit examples of this possibility are investigated in different frameworks., Comment: 10 pages; comments and references added to match the published version

Published
2017
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544. Observations of the galaxy cluster CIZA J2242.8+5301 with the Sardinia Radio Telescope

Author

Loi, F., Murgia, M., Govoni, F., Vacca, V., Feretti, L., Giovannini, G., Carretti, E., Gastaldello, F., Girardi, M., Vazza, F., Concu, R., Melis, A., Paladino, R., Poppi, S., Valente, G., Boschin, W., Clarke, T. E., Colafrancesco, S., Enßlin, T., Ferrari, C., de Gasperin, F., Gregorini, L., Johnston-Hollitt, M., Junklewitz, H., Orrù, E., Parma, P., Perley, R., and Taylor, G. B

Subjects
Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract

We observed the galaxy cluster CIZA J2242.8+5301 with the Sardinia Radio Telescope to provide new constraints on its spectral properties at high frequency. We conducted observations in three frequency bands centred at 1.4 GHz, 6.6 GHz and 19 GHz, resulting in beam resolutions of 14$^{\prime}$, 2.9$^{\prime}$ and 1$^{\prime}$ respectively. These single-dish data were also combined with archival interferometric observations at 1.4 and 1.7 GHz. From the combined images, we measured a flux density of ${\rm S_{1.4GHz}=(158.3\pm9.6)\,mJy}$ for the central radio halo and ${\rm S_{1.4GHz}=(126\pm8)\,mJy}$ and ${\rm S_{1.4GHz}=(11.7\pm0.7)\,mJy}$ for the northern and the southern relic respectively. After the spectral modelling of the discrete sources, we measured at 6.6 GHz ${\rm S_{6.6GHz}=(17.1\pm1.2)\,mJy}$ and ${\rm S_{6.6GHz}=(0.6\pm0.3)\,mJy}$ for the northern and southern relic respectively. Assuming simple diffusive shock acceleration, we interpret measurements of the northern relic with a continuous injection model represented by a broken power-law. This yields an injection spectral index ${\rm \alpha_{inj}=0.7\pm0.1}$ and a Mach number ${\rm M=3.3\pm0.9}$, consistent with recent X-ray estimates. Unlike other studies of the same object, no significant steepening of the relic radio emission is seen in data up to 8.35 GHz. By fitting the southern relic spectrum with a simple power-law (${\rm S_{\nu}\propto\nu^{-\alpha}}$) we obtained a spectral index ${\rm \alpha\approx1.9}$ corresponding to a Mach number (${\rm M\approx1.8}$) in agreement with X-ray estimates. Finally, we evaluated the rotation measure of the northern relic at 6.6 GHz. These results provide new insights on the magnetic structure of the relic, but further observations are needed to clarify the nature of the observed Faraday rotation., Comment: 20 pages, 11 figures. Accepted by MNRAS

Published
2017
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545. Higher representation infinite algebras from McKay quivers of metacyclic groups

Author

Giovannini, Simone

Subjects
Mathematics - Representation Theory, Mathematics - Rings and Algebras, 16G20, 16S35, 16E65
Abstract

For each prime number $s$ we introduce examples of $(s-1)$- and $s$-representation infinite algebras in the sense of Herschend, Iyama and Oppermann, which arise from skew group algebras of some metacyclic groups embedded in $\mathrm{SL}(s,\mathbb{C})$ and $\mathrm{SL}(s+1,\mathbb{C})$. For this purpose, we give a description of the McKay quiver with a superpotential of such groups. Moreover we show that for $s=2$ our examples correspond to the classical tame hereditary algebras of type $\tilde{D}$., Comment: 38 pages, 9 figures. v2: minor changes to the exposition, added examples. To appear in Comm. Algebra

Published
2017

546. Squeezed relic photons beyond the horizon

Author

Giovannini, Massimo

Subjects
General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Theory
Abstract

Owing to the analogy with the ordinary photons in the visible range of the electromagnetic spectrum, the Glauber theory is generalized to address the quantum coherence of the gauge field fluctuations parametrically amplified during an inflationary stage of expansion. The first and second degrees of quantum coherence of relic photons are then computed beyond the effective horizon defined by the evolution of the susceptibility. In the zero-delay limit the Hanbury Brown-Twiss correlations exhibit a super-Poissonian statistics which is however different from the conventional results of the single-mode approximation customarily employed, in quantum optics, to classify the coherence properties of visible light. While in the case of large-scale curvature perturbations the degrees of quantum coherence coincide with the naive expectation of the single-mode approximation, the net degree of second-order coherence computed for the relic photons diminishes thanks to the effect of the polarizations. We suggest that the Hanbury Brown-twiss correlations are probably the only tool to assess the quantum or classical origin of the large-scale magnetic fluctuations and of the corresponding curvature perturbations., Comment: 33 pages. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1608.05843

Published
2017
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547. JVLA 1.5GHz continuum observation of CLASH clusters I: radio properties of the BCGs

Author

Yu, Heng, Tozzi, Paolo, van Weeren, Reinout, Liuzzo, Elisabetta, Giovannini, Gabriele, Donahue, Megan, Balestra, Italo, Rosati, Piero, and Aravena, Manuel

Subjects
Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract

We present high-resolution ($\sim 1"$), 1.5 GHz continuum observations of the brightest cluster galaxies (BCGs) of 13 CLASH (Cluster Lensing And Supernova survey with Hubble) clusters at $0.18

Published
2017
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548. Effective horizons, junction conditions and large-scale magnetism

Author

Giovannini, Massimo

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Theory, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract

The quantum mechanical generation of hypermagnetic and hyperlectric fields in four-dimensional conformally flat background geometries rests on the simultaneous continuity of the effective horizon and of the extrinsic curvature across the inflationary boundary. The junction conditions for the gauge fields are derived in general terms and corroborated by explicit examples with particular attention to the limit of a sudden (but nonetheless continuous) transition of the effective horizon. After reducing the dynamics to a pair of integral equations related by duality transformations, we compute the power spectra and deduce a novel class of logarithmic corrections which turn out to be, however, numerically insignificant and overwhelmed by the conductivity effects once the gauge modes reenter the effective horizon. In this perspective the magnetogenesis requirements and the role of the postinflationary conductivity are clarified and reappraised. As long as the total duration of the inflationary phase is nearly minimal, quasi-flat hypermagnetic power spectra are comparatively more common than in the case of vacuum initial data., Comment: 12 pages, 1 figure

Published
2017
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549. New JVLA observations at 3 GHz and 5.5 GHz of the `Kite' radio source in Abell 2626

Author

Ignesti, Alessandro, Gitti, Myriam, Brunetti, Gianfranco, Feretti, Luigina, and Giovannini, Gabriele

Subjects
Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

We report on new JVLA observations performed at 3 GHz and 5.5 GHz of Abell 2626. The cluster has been the object of several studies in the recent years due to its peculiar radio emission, which shows a complex system of symmetric radio arcs characterized by a steep spectrum. The origin of these radio sources is still unclear. Due to their mirror symmetry toward the center, it has been proposed that they may be created by pairs of precessing jets powered by the inner AGN. The new JVLA observations were requested with the specific aim of detecting extended emission on frequencies higher than 1.4 GHz, in order to constrain the jet-precession model by analyzing the spectral index and radiative age patterns alongs the arcs. We performed a standard data reduction of the JVLA datasets with the software CASA. By combining the new 3 GHz data with the archival 1.4 GHz VLA dataset we produced a spectral index maps of the extended emission, and then we estimated the radiative age of the arcs by assuming that the plasma was accelerated in moving hot-spots tracing the arcs. Thanks to the high sensitivity of the JVLA, we achieve the detection of the arcs at 3 GHz and extended emission at 5.5 GHz. We measure a mean spectral index <-2.5 for the arcs up to 3 GHz. No clear spectral index, or radiative age, trend is detected across the arcs which may challenge the interpretation based on precession or put strong constraints on the jet-precession period. In particular, by analyzing the radiative age distribution along the arcs, we were able to provide for the first time a time-scale < 26 Myr of the jet-precession period., Comment: 8 pages, 5 figures. Accepted for publication in A&A

Published
2017
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550. Tensor to scalar ratio from single field magnetogenesis

Author

Giovannini, Massimo

Subjects
Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Theory
Abstract

The tensor to scalar ratio is affected by the evolution of the large-scale gauge fields potentially amplified during an inflationary stage of expansion. After deriving the exact evolution equations for the scalar and tensor modes of the geometry in the presence of dynamical gauge fields, it is shown that the tensor to scalar ratio is bounded from below by the dominance of the adiabatic contribution and it cannot be smaller than one thousands whenever the magnetogenesis is driven by a single inflaton field., Comment: 9 pages

Published
2017
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