Search

This study centers on the impact of migration on the vitality of San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec (SLQZ) spoken in the Central Valleys of Oaxaca, Mexico. The data show (a) that children in Los Angeles, whether US- or Mexican-born, are not growing up as active SLQZ speakers and (b) that given sustained travel between the two communities, language use in Los Angeles is replicated in San Lucas, thereby introducing Spanish and English into otherwise Zapotec-only domains such as the home. The case of SLQZ is one in which a language vitality assessment that considers the home community only, would lead to an incorrect evaluation. Signs of language endangerment become evident in a sociolinguistic analysis that crosses borders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study aimed at conducting a qualitative analysis of the experiences of men and women regarding their relationship to their partners. Forty people participated in the study, 20 women divided in four groups and 20 men divided in four groups. In order to obtain data, focus groups were conducted. From the stories obtained, 11 subcategories grouped in 5 other categories were constructed: Sociocultural immediate aspects (SCIA), interactional extracouple aspects (IECA), interactional intracouple aspects (IICA), intrapsychic aspects (IPA) and commonness and routine (CyR). The qualitative analysis suggests that stories of the experiences of men and women regarding their romantic relationship form the same pattern, nevertheless, each gender constructs its relational reality as a couple in a different way. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract??We describe the procedures of pharmacovigilance (PV) and pharmacoepidemiology (PE) of drugs in a pediatric hospital. These activities contribute to the detection and registration of adverse drug reactions and to determine the patterns of drug prescription among children attended at the hospital. The PV activities show that there is a relation between an increase in incidence of adverse drug reactions and the prescription of a larger number of drugs. The PE activities reveal that antibiotics are the most frequently prescribed drugs and next are drugs used for gastrointestinal diseases. Since PV and PE activities were initiated at our hospital, they have contributed to a more adequate use of drugs in children. As a conclusion of these activities, it could be that if the PE of a hospital is known, drug consumption can be optimally planned. PV and PE demonstrate that, if polytherapy is not necessary, it must be avoided. Finally, the present guide can be adopted to initiate PV and PE at a hospital. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The contribution of (Ce1- X Zr X )O2 additives to alumina supports prepared by sol-gel and the catalytic properties of PdO/Al2O3–(Ce1- X Zr X )O2 catalysts (~0.3 wt% Pd, ~5 wt% (Ce1- X Zr X )O2) in CO oxidation was herein investigated. The addition of (Ce1- X Zr X )O2 to the support enhanced the surface area and decreased the size of Al2O3 particles. The UV–Vis bands of PdO particles and Pd2+ ions indicate that zirconia in (Ce1- X Zr X )O2 promotes palladium-support interactions by forming highly dispersed PdO particles. Temperature-programmed reduction (TPR) in hydrogen revealed that ceria enhanced the redox capacity of the supports while zirconia lowered the reduction temperature of palladium oxide species. The comprehensive study revealed that the Ce/Zr ratio was a key factor influencing the catalytic activity of samples in CO oxidation, because palladium oxide-support interactions had a significant effect in changing of the reducibility of samples. So, the PdO/Al2O3–(Ce0.5Zr0.5)O2 exhibited the highest catalytic activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urban renewal has evolved into an ambitious and sophisticated urban strategy, recognised as urban revitalisation in America and urban regeneration in Western Europe. This new urban strategy, which tends to be area-based and state-sponsored, claims for the most part to coordinate a wide range of resources, partners and public agencies to bring about social, economic and spatial improvements in underdeveloped and impoverished city areas while improving the livelihoods of the local residents. However, as this study asserts, the objectives behind this new urban strategy have considered, for the most part, the interests of those formulating and implementing such efforts rather than local residents and stakeholders, and produced in turn ‘attractive’ neighbourhoods increasing city revenues, boosting real estate prices, attracting new investments and alluring new residents. Most importantly, citizen participation and gentrification have been concurrently promoted in urban restructuring policy and programmes bringing about a paradox. Citizens have been devised as both subjects and objects of governance (Uitermark, 2014). Urban restructuring programmes have called for residents’ involvement in decision making frameworks while imposing urban revitalisation and regeneration approaches guiding the fate of their neighbourhoods and putting communities at risk of displacement. This study uses comparative research to investigate the way that urban renewal targeting low-income neighbourhoods has evolved into a new urban strategy involving principles and tactics ingrained in neoliberal economic principles. The study shows that this applies in cities led by market-driven development where governments facilitate more than regulate urban growth, and in cities partially exposed to market-driven development and led by interventionist governments which regulate and guide urban restructuring transformations. New York City and The Randstad Holland have been selected as study areas. Above all, the role public policy, instruments and institutional frameworks have played in facilitating citizens’ involvement in decision making in these contrasting contexts is particularly scrutinised looking at two neighbourhoods in the municipalities of Brooklyn and Rotterdam; Bushwick and Tarwewijk, respectively. The study exposes the motives, successes and drawbacks of public programmes and instruments fostering citizen participation and community-led change, in an effort to both create awareness of potential risks in the case of unsuccessful initiatives, and envision the exchange and adaptation of some of those successful schemes for the production of more equitable neighbourhoods. This thesis asks to what extent urban restructuring trends converge in the two contrasting geographical areas since both territories have been exposed to the same global agents and influences that have impacted urban restructuring policy and interventions (i.e. neoliberal economic policies, global financing, interurban competition, etc). However, it recognizes that the outcomes may manifest differently due to differences in welfare programmes, urban policy, implementation frameworks, local and global housing markets at the neighbourhood level, as well as variations in local governance structures and instruments facilitating civic participation in urban and housing restructuring programmes. Citizen participation in urban restructuring in America and Western Europe Citizen participation was widely recognised in urban and housing public programmes in America and Western Europe during the 1960s and 1970s. In a time of political and economic shifts and as a result of citizen struggles and social movements, the democratisation of decision making in planning became a political act. Feeling alienated from the urban transformations taking place in their own neighbourhoods, citizens organised and demanded to be part of the production of cities. Citizen demands were gradually adopted and institutionalised by public policies and programmes. However, such progressive approaches did not last for long. Citizen participation in urban renewal and housing programmes lost agency as liberal urban policy was gradually overthrown beginning with the recessions of the late 1970s and the conservative governments that followed in the 1980s and beyond. National states and municipalities began withdrawing from those endeavours while coordinating efforts to attract private partners and investment to pursue larger and more ambitious urban restructuring interventions in cities. Certainly, the community-driven scope of a number of public programmes shifted to a more ambitious one that sought to achieve economic growth and profitable urban development bringing about shifts in urban restructuring policy, programmes, funds and leadership over the following decades. Evidently, as neoliberal economic agendas became more and more ingrained in urban policy and programmes guiding urban restructuring, uneven development and segregation became more stark bringing new urban challenges across cities. What is interesting is that in a context of increasing decentralisation, privatisation, and deregulation of urban restructuring interventions that have impacted directly citizens and particularly low-income communities, national states began once again promoting citizen participation. As national states have increasingly devolved decision-making and resources to lower government levels, municipalities and their partners, from the private and not-profit sectors, have been more involved in making and implementing local policies and addressing citizens and community needs. However, the motive, scope, impact and outcome of current local policies and programmes fostering the involvement of low-income and minority groups in urban restructuring programmes have left many questions unresolved. A number of studies assert that the deliberate activation of specific community groups by national states and their partners in urban restructuring programmes has been promoted: (1) to deal with the unprecedented economic and social consequences that emerged out of the neoliberal project through socially interventionist and ameliorative public policies and programmes (Peck & Tickle, 2002; Uitermark, 2014); (2) to control and discipline vulnerable and deprived groups who have been victims of the byproducts of the current neoliberal urbanisation and who should be ‘integrated’ through highly engineered measures (Albers & van Beckhoven, 2010; Brenner, Peck & Theodor 2009; Schickel & van der Berg, 2011; Uitermark, 2014; Uitermark & Duyendak, 2008); and (3) to build coalition politics by assembling strategic alliances in areas undergoing political and socio-spatial restructuring while seeing themselves as symbols of the community to legitimise their powers and in turn assert control and gain support to fulfil ongoing plans without opposition (Harvey, 1989). This study delves into these claims by scrutinising recent urban restructuring approaches in two different geographical contexts and investigating policies and programmes advocating for citizen participation. Research content and questions This study is structured in five sections: (1) introduction (2) theoretical framework; (3) politico-institutional historical context; (4) case study research; and (5) final analysis of comparative research. The first section, Introduction, outlines the research framework of this study including problem statement, aim, methodological approach and selection of case studies as well as the design and structure of this research. The second section, Cities for or against Citizens, includes Chapter 2 which provides a theoretical understanding of the way urban restructuring discourses, objectives and strategies have evolved in America and Western Europe. It introduces the right to the city as one of the main demands citizens, academics, activists, advocate planners, civic and grassroots groups have called for, and mobilised around, to fight the injustices produced by contemporary neoliberal urbanisation. It then explains the way that economic restructuring has led to new socio-spatial configurations and politicoeconomic relations in cities with impactful outcomes, such as uneven development and segregation and new institutional policy and governance frameworks. In relation to such new developments, the shift of urban renewal into a more ambitious and coordinated global and economic strategy is presented in conclusion to section two, enquiring about the state’s continuous promotion of participation and integration of citizens in urban restructuring policies and programmes targeting low-income neighbourhoods in both geographical areas. The third section, The Evolution of Urban Restructuring, provides the politicoinstitutional historical context of urban restructuring in New York City and the Randstad Holland. It encompasses Chapter 3 and 4 which carefully explain public policy, programmes and instruments involving or facilitating citizen participation in urban restructuring and housing programmes in low-income neighbourhoods from the postwar years until today. Chapter 3 focuses on policies and programmes bringing about urban restructuring in New York City, from the urban renewal programmes calling for 'citizen participation ’for the first time and the War on Poverty programmes which institutionalised the 'widespread participation of the poor' for the improvement of deprived inner city areas, to the tenant-led sweat equity housing management programmes that emerged after the city’s nadir of the 1970s, and the public policies and instruments of devolution which gave way to the professionalisation of grassroots movements, and in turn, the growth of the non-profit sector currently in charge of community and housing development. On the other hand, Chapter 4 explains the evolution of social oriented policies and participatory programmes promoted for the restructuring of low-income neighbourhoods in the Randstad Holland, from community work [opbouwwerk] with specific goals and targets and Building for the Neighbourhood [Bouwen voor de Buurt ], a collective and politicised urban renewal effort bringing about political and social change, to more recent policy programmes promoting the integration and participation of low-income and marginalised communities. The historical account of these two chapters provides an overview of the endeavours national states have undertaken at different levels facilitating citizen participation and community-led initiatives, as well as their successes and shortcomings. Both chapters offer a policy context useful for the analysis of the most recent urban restructuring frameworks and trends, which are examined in the following chapters. The ultimate objective of this section is to answer the following question: How have public policy and programmes targeting low-income and minority districts evolved with the decentralisation of national state’s power and resources? The fourth section, Socio-spatial Restructuring in Low Income Neighbourhoods in New York City and the Randstad Holland, involves case study research. Composed of Chapter 5 and 6, it delves into the socio-spatial restructuring of two lowincome neighbourhoods in New York City and the Randstad Holland; Bushwick and Tarwewijk, respectively. The way urban restructuring policies and programmes depicted in the previous two chapters have evolved and transformed socio-spatial configurations through shifts in housing provision —including planning, funding and development schemes— and local urban governance are illustrated in detail. Above all, policies, programmes and local initiatives promoting the involvement of citizens in decision making processes are particularly examined. Additionally, the role of local stakeholders in the implementation of those policy frameworks is presented considering decentralisation, privatisation and deregulation trends in housing and urban restructuring. Lastly, a critical analysis of the purpose, evolution and outcomes of public policies, planning strategies, participatory endeavours and trends facilitating the restructuring of low-income income neighbourhoods is offered. The central questions in this section are the following: How have changes in public policy and programmes played out in cities with liberal governments and unregulated market-driven development and in cities with interventionist governments and regulated market driven developments? How and why have national states promoted the integration and participation of residents of low-income and minority groups throughout the evolution of urban restructuring processes? The last section, The New State-Led Urban Restructuring Strategy: Analysis and Alternatives, offers a final analysis and a reflection on the comparative research. It is composed of Chapter 7 and 8. Chapter 7 provides a summative analysis of the previous chapters by delving into the way urban revitalisation and regeneration in low-income neighbourhoods in America and Western Europe, respectively, have evolved into a new urban restructuring strategy with clear objectives, locations, and approaches. The urban restructuring trends outlined in this section depict current state-sponsored policies, strategies, tools and measures promoted in disinvested areas to integrate these segregated sites into the new economic functions of cities. Additionally, it lays out the way citizens have been concurrently perceived by policy and public programmes as part of the new urban restructuring strategy. This section concludes with Chapter 8 which reflects on the rise of urban mobilisations and counteracting urban practices responding to the increasing disability of citizens to be part of the transformation of their own living environments. This last section aims to answer the main question of this investigation: Are cities being restructured for the welfare of citizens or are they being reshaped against the will, needs and interests of their own citizens? Urban restructuring trends and alternatives The final analysis of the study, as it was mentioned above, lays out the current directions of urban restructuring that are identified, while examining the evolution of urban restructuring policies, programmes, and strategies of implementation targeting low-income neighbourhoods in New York City and the Randstad Holland. As part of the findings of this study, the following urban restructuring trends were identified: (1) urban restructuring being used by national states as an instrument for speculation, competitiveness and economic growth; (2) an increasing outward diffusion of urban restructuring from urban centres to peripheral areas; (3) a rise of area-base policies, investments and urban interventions; (4) ‘social mixing’ as urban policy to diversify housing opportunities and in turn promote socially and economic diverse neighbourhoods; (5) a generalisation of state-led gentrification in urban restructuring policy and programmes; (6) new regulatory policy and institutional configurations; (7) the waning of housing provision for the poor and the working-class; and lastly, and most importantly for this study, (8) citizen participation being devised as a state instrument for the pacification, control and bargaining of low-income neighbourhoods in transformation. These trends certainly bring to light the fate of low-income communities and neighbourhoods, but also underscore the fields and spaces— from policy, programmes and governance frameworks to urban and housing planning approaches —where intervention is needed to generate more equitable neighbourhoods. Against this background, and concluding the final analysis, this study also highlights successful approaches and practices facilitating citizen- and community-lead urban restructuring processes in New York City and the Randstad Holland. Historically, as this study shows, progressive policies have promoted and, in many cases, managed to create democratic tools and processes of planning and development, particularly in times of crisis and when the private sector is not willing nor able to intervene. Such policies and their outcomes have proven, even with their shortcomings, that cities for citizens can be produced with a fair distribution of political power, resources and benefits. Alternative forms and models of housing development which have been devised, for the most part, by common citizens responding to the urgency of both creating housing according to their own needs and priorities and producing less alienated dwelling environments are underscored including housing cooperatives, community land trusts, self-management housing programs and other nonspeculative and regulated housing development schemes. Interestingly, just as the policy and planning approaches of the two case studies tend to converge, so do the principles and purpose of the urban restructuring models in many ways. But the effects manifest themselves differently due to the differences in institutional policy and government frameworks in each context. These schemes have been presented throughout this study but are particularly emphasised at the end of this study since they offer a valuable insight into alternative ways of restructuring low-income neighbourhoods, and urban districts in general, so as to produce more equitable cities, in other words—cities for citizens.

The article provides an analysis of interdisciplinary documentation of the flora of La Ventosa, Mexico, and associated lexicon and knowledge. Topics discussed include addressing language endangerment crisis with National Museum of Natural History's (NMNH) Recovering Voices initiative, biodiversity conservation, and goal of National Ethnobotanical Herbarium Online (NEHO) to provide online access to cultural data embedded in the collections of the National Herbarium.

Abstract The fashion industry often falls short of sustainability goals, but contemporary technological advancements offer a wide range of tools to address this issue. Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as a particularly promising ally in promoting sustainability in fashion. This literature review explores how AI can contribute to the fashion industry’s sustainability, highlighting its potential benefits and limitations. Following PRISMA guidelines, we conducted a review of scientific documents, focusing on the period from 2010 to 2022. After a meticulous selection process, we analyzed 37 scholarly articles to distill their key insights and contributions. Our findings demonstrate that AI has diverse applications in different aspects of the fashion industry, enhancing sustainability efforts in supply chain management, creative design, sales and promotion, waste control, and data analysis. While AI offers significant potential, it is important to acknowledge limitations, such as the volume of data required and associated implementation costs. The reviewed literature aligns with the multifaceted nature of sustainability, emphasizing responsible resource management, accessible services, and efficient customer satisfaction, both now and in the future. In conclusion, despite some reservations, AI stands as a crucial partner in guiding the fashion industry toward a more sustainable future.

El presente artículo trata de una serie de conceptos vinculados a la noción de cuerpo y subjetividad en el entrenamiento cinestésico y expresivo del actor. A tal fin, se propone un diálogo entre los estudios sobre las configuraciones de cuerpo en las sociedades occidentales que desarrollan, desde la óptica de la antropología, el sociólogo y antropólogo francés David Le Breton y desde el campo de los estudios sobre danza, estudios performáticos y políticas del movimiento el ensayista André Lepecki.

Urea is widely used as nitrogen (N) source for rice fertilization in Costa Rica, despite its low efficiency linked to ammonia losses. To assess urea management alternatives, two field experiments were conducted in the Central Pacific region of Costa Rica to study the effect of N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT) on rice yield and N use efficiency (NUE). In Experiment 1 (Exp1) three tillage treatments (commercial-CT-, reduced-RT-, and reduced tillage with previous subsoiler-RTS-) were evaluated with three N managements: control (without N), urea at 124 kg N ha-1 with and without NBPT. In Experiment 2 (Exp2), a 100 kg N ha-1 rate (with and without NPBT) was evaluated along with a control (without N). NUE was estimated using 15N urea isotopic labeling technique for both trials. In Exp1, a significant difference of 4.8% in NUE for grain was observed among urea with and without NBPT, but no tillage effect was observed. No statistically significant differences were observed in yield among the fertilization treatments (Exp1: 3.56 ± 0.98 t ha-1 for urea and 3.85 ± 0.85 t ha-1 for urea with NBPT; Exp2: 3.38 ± 0.39 t ha-1 for urea and 3.40 ± 0.58 t ha-1 for urea with NBPT) or due to different tillage practices (CT: 3.33 ± 0.79 t ha-1, RT: 3.56 ± 0.74 t ha-1, and RTS: 4.23 ± 0.98 t ha-1). Although the NBPT is a viable option to reduce ammonia losses, its adoption in tropical conditions might be restricted by the small impact on yield.

One of the most frequent diffuse interstitial lung diseases is hypersensitivity pneumonitis. It is related to exposure to diverse antigens, causing fibrosis in advanced stages, making the differential diagnosis with interstitial pulmonary fibrosis difficult as it overlaps with the usual interstitial pneumonia pattern. On the other hand, there are interstitial lung diseases associated with ANCA, such as microscopic polyangiitis, which is also related to the usual interstitial pneumonia pattern. We present the case of a 74-year-old male patient with chronic dyspnea, history of smoking and exposure to organic particles, in addition to a pattern suggestive of moderately severe restriction. The diagnosis was confirmed by histology of hypersensitivity pneumonitis by presenting granules, however, anti MPO and p-ANCA positivity was found, integrating the simultaneous diagnosis of microscopic polyangiitis. This is a case of difficult diagnosis since these pathologies have not been previously reported to coexist.

Different cell types in the brain play distinct roles in Alzheimer's disease (AD) progression. Late onset AD (LOAD) is a complex disease, with a large genetic component, but many risk loci fall in non-coding genome regions. Epigenetics implicates the non-coding genome with control of gene expression. The epigenome is highly cell-type specific and dynamically responds to the environment. Therefore, epigenetic mechanisms are well placed to explain genetic and environmental factors that are associated with AD. However, given this cellular specificity, purified cell populations or single cells need to be profiled to avoid effect masking. Here we review the current state of cell-type specific genome-wide profiling in LOAD, covering DNA methylation (CpG, CpH, and hydroxymethylation), histone modifications, and chromatin changes. To date, these data reveal that distinct cell types contribute and react differently to AD progression through epigenetic alterations. This review addresses the current gap in prior bulk-tissue derived work by spotlighting cell-specific changes that govern the complex interplay of cells throughout disease progression and are critical in understanding and developing effective treatments for AD.

Fluidity models in the supply chain privilege the sustainable integration of capabilities and collaboration among its members in order to guarantee an efficient and safe flow of resources throughout all its processes. This research proposes a fluidity model for the agroindustry supply chain as a solution with regard to the sector’s needs of supply chain processes, and opportunities to collaborate within the field of innovation and sustainability through of traceability and proactive risk management as a tool for creating resilient systems. The model is based on a holistic vision that will allow it to adapt to an ever more complex and continuously transformed global environment that demands solutions to assess the global impact of local decision-making in the supply chain over a period of time, considering its implications and contributions to the agroindustry and agro-logistics sector. Finally, pertinent research areas are identified in the integration of agroindustry supply chain echelons.

Prevented planting payments reimburse crop producers for losses from not being able to plant. These payments provide critical protection to producers; however, these payments, which are determined using a nationwide, crop-specific coverage factor, have been questioned to induce moral hazard. Depending on the region and crop insurance coverage, payments from this provision exceed producers’ losses. This paper estimates the prevented planting coverage factor by coverage level and region that would equitably reimburse corn and soybean producers for their losses. We find the prevented planting coverage factor has significant variation across coverage levels and location within our study region. The prevented planting coverage factor was found to decline as the policy coverage level increases. The further north in the study region the higher the coverage factor, likely due to increased land rent expenses. The results provide a unique perspective of how these coverage factors would vary to equitably compensate producers for losses, which addresses the moral hazard concerns with prevented planting.

Aims: The purpose of this work was to analyze the agronomic and environmental performance of soybean plants inoculated with the Bradyrhizobium strains widely used as soybean biofertilizers in South America and to determine if these strains possess any functional or taxonomic trait associated with the N2O emission. Methods: Bradyrhizobium japonicum E109 and CPAC 15, B. diazoefficiens USDA 110 and CPAC 7, and B. elkanii SEMIA 5019 and SEMIA 587 were used to inoculate soybean seeds. The field experiment was carried out in a soil without history of soybean cultivation in the Argentinian Humid Pampa. The natural 15N abundance method was applied to estimate N2-fixation, and N2O production was evaluated using gas chromatography. Among other physiological parameters, shoot dry weight, shoot N content, and crop yield were estimated after harvest. Results: B. japonicum inoculation produced the greatest increases in soybean growth and crop yield but also led to higher N2O emissions compared to all other inoculated treatments. Plants inoculated with B. diazoefficiens released the lowest amount of N2O, and their growth and yield were the least affected. Inoculation with B. elkanii resulted in intermediate N2O emission fluxes and crop yield compared with B. japonicum and B. diazoefficiens. Conclusions: We found that soybean inoculation with strains of B. japonicum and B. elkanii that lack the nosZ gene led to the highest N2O emissions under field conditions, but also to the highest crop yield, while inoculation with strains that carry out complete denitrification, nosZ-containing B. diazoefficiens, showed lower N2O emission and lower crop yield. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Perinevoid alopecia is a nevocentric inflammatory phenomenon (halo nevus) which, unlike Sutton nevus, lacks depigmentation but develops an alopecia areata circumference. CLINICAL CASE: A 27-year-old male patient with a perinevoid alopecia phenomenon in which surgical removal produced regrowth in affected areas. CONCLUSIONS: Perinevoid alopecia could be part of the inflammatory phenomena known as halo nevus; however, it appears that nevic antigens cause a profound but antigen-directed inflammatory response in hair, similar to that found in typical alopecia areata. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: To determine the clinical characteristics of DRESS syndrome in our study population and compare 4 different scoring scales from diagnostic criteria of this syndrome. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Observational, retrospective and cross-sectional study of patients with DRESS syndrome in Argentina. The study included 674 patients who were diagnosed as having an adverse cutaneous drug reaction diagnosed by clinical and histopathology judgment during the period 2007-2020. We emphasized in the comparison of diagnostic criteria: Bocquet, J-SCAR and RegiSCAR (Validation scoring and Notification and inclusion of cases). RESULTS: There were included 18 patients. The research has shown a prevalence of DRESS syndrome among women (average of diagnosis: 34 years old). 8/18 patients had an acute onset (≤ 15 days). Carbamazepine was the most implicated drug. Fever, pruritic rash with polyadenopathy, facial edema, and liver involvement were the most frequent clinical manifestations. At the biochemical level, we found leukocytosis with eosinophilia and increased liver transaminases. Both RegiSCAR were the most effective method to evaluate criteria. CONCLUSIONS: Both RegiSCAR were the most efficient, in special notification and inclusion of cases. We consider of little application in our country the J-SCAR criteria and it should only be considered when VRESS (viral reactivation with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms) is suspected. Finally, we propose modifications in some points of the criteria that we consider unclear. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The application of dairy farm effluents (DFE) without previous treatment in paddocks was intensified due to the approval of this practice in Costa Rican legislation since 2012. Applying DFE instead of synthetic N fertilizer in grasslands is an opportunity to reach a circular economy; however, this practice increases the risk of emissions of nitrous oxide (N2O), methane (CH4), and ammonia (NH3), which contribute to global warming. A field experiment was carried out using a permanent grassland (90% Star grass and 10% Kikuyo grass) to simultaneously assess the effect of nitrapyrin on yield-scaled emissions of NH3, CH4, and N2O. The experiment lasted for 5 months in 2017, based on a randomized complete block design, including three treatments of control (CK) without N application, surface application of DFE with nitrapyrin (SNI), and without nitrapyrin (S). Total N applied was 149 ± 12 kg N ha−1 for both S and SNI treatments split into five applications. CH4 emissions from S, SNI, and CK showed a high temporal variation. Daily fluxes of CH4 from SNI were significantly lower than those of S in August (P < 0.05). Cumulative emissions of CH4, the majority produced in the soil, ranged from 4 to 168 g ha−1 for S, and from −13 to 88 g ha−1 for SNI. The ratio between the N2O cumulative emissions and the N applied as DFE were 1.6 ± 0.5 and 1.7 ± 0.2% for S and SNI, respectively. NH3 volatilization potential was very low (i.e., 0.6 ± 0.2% of the N applied). Under the prevailing experimental conditions, no significant difference between yield-scaled NH3 and N2O emissions were found between S and SNI, suggesting that nitrapyrin may not be a viable mitigation option for gaseous N losses from DFE application in Costa Rican grasslands in rainy season.

En este trabajo se determina la relación entre tasas de interés y el número de créditos agrícolas otorgados a los productores del Municipio Rangel, estado Mérida, Venezuela. La investigación es de campo, cuantitativa, descriptiva, correlacional y causal. En una población de 17 instituciones vinculadas con la producción agrícola, compuesta por 7 estratos, se seleccionó una muestra aleatoria estratificada de tamaño 13 usando el criterio de afijación proporcional, de las cuales sólo 7 aplican tasa de interés. Se determina que existe relación inversa entre la tasa de interés y el número de créditos agrícolas otorgados en el Municipio Rangel (r = -0,835). La tasa de interés explica en un 69,8% la cantidad de créditos aprobados. Se presenta una elasticidad de la demanda de crédito algo mayor que las variaciones en la tasa de interés. En el año 2015, aumenta la elasticidad cuando se seleccionan las instituciones ubicadas en el municipio Rangel, sin Cooperativa “La Parameña” (una institución atípica). FOMDES, FONDAS y el Banco del Tesoro tienen tasas de interés sociales, sin embargo, no se están beneficiando de la Ley de la Demanda.

Dexmedetomidine is an imidazole derivative, with high affinity for α2 adrenergic receptors, used for sedation, analgesia and adjuvant anaesthesia. In this study, an analytical method for the quantification of dexmedetomidine in dried blood spots was developed, validated and applied. The drug was extracted from dried blood spot by liquid extraction; the separation was carried out by ultra high-resolution liquid chromatography in reverse phase coupled to tandem mass spectrometry method. An X Select cyano 5 μm HSS column (2.1 X 150 mm, Waters) and a mobile phase composed of 0.1% formic acid: acetonitrile [50:50 v/v], were used. The test was linear over the concentration range of 50 to 2000 pg/mL. The coefficients of variation for the intra and interday trials were less than 15%. The drug was stable under the conditions tested. The method was successfully applied for the quantification of 6 patients, aged 0 to 2 years, with classification ASA I, who underwent ambulatory surgeries, receiving a dose of 1 μg/Kg dexmedetomidine IV. The drug concentrations in the different sampling times were in the range of 76 to 868 pg/mL.

Este trabajo tiene como objetivo analizar, desde la perspectiva de género, la percepción que un grupo de mujeres de un poblado rururbano, con alta marginalidad, tienen de los espacios públicos y del contexto de sus viviendas. La investigación forma parte del proyecto Vivienda y mujer: espacios habitables para el desarrollo de familias con jefatura femenina en la comunidad de Flor de Coco, Municipio de Armería, Colima. Para el estudio se empleó una metodología cuali-cuantitativa con información de campo, entrevistas, talleres y el análisis del entorno inmediato de ocho viviendas con jefatura femenina. Los resultados muestran que existen diez tipos de inseguridad, desde la percepción de las mujeres: drogadicción, alcoholismo, robos y asaltos, violencia de género, pandillerismo, inseguridad por falta de iluminación, por falta de vigilancia, por riesgo de deslaves, por problemas de movilidad y por inundaciones y crecidas del río. Como señalan Nieto Morales y Esquivel Hernández, Soto Villagrán, Ortiz Escalante, Col-lectiu Punt 6 y Farapi, la ausencia de una planeación con perspectiva de género de la forma urbana y su espacio público afecta más a las mujeres, lo que las vuelve más vulnerables.

Se creó un índice fisicoquímico de calidad del agua (ICA-L), para lagunas que se desbordan, el cual fue validado en el sector de riego de Tamarindo, y en una sección del sistema de lagunas del Parque Nacional Palo verde (Guanacaste, Costa Rica). El índice incluye las variables: porcentaje de saturación de oxígeno disuelto, pH, concentración de nitratos, concentración de fósforo total, demanda química de oxígeno, concentración de sólidos suspendidos, conductividad eléctrica y temperatura. El índice se fija automáticamente en cero si la concentración de alguna sustancia tóxica excede el máximo permitido. Los factores de ponderación se ajustaron con base en los pesos definidos en el Índice de Calidad de Agua de la National Sanitation Foundation (ICA-NSF), se excluyó el peso del conteo de coliformes fecales, se integró la ponderación de turbiedad y de sólidos totales una sola, de sólidos suspendidos, y se asignó a la conductividad un factor de 0.08. El índice per-mite evaluar la capacidad del agua de las lagunas tropicales de inundación de agua dulce, para lograr el sostenimiento de la biodiversidad y el desarrollo de la vida acuática, cuando surgen peligros por prácticas agropecuarias.Physicochemical water quality index, a management tool for tropical-flooding lagoons. We propose ICA-L, a wetland physicochemical water quality index (WWQI), to be used as a management tool for seasonal-flooding lagoons in Palo verde National Park, Guanacaste, Costa Rica. The goal is to preserve their natural role for native plants as well as migrants and local animal species. The index was developed in four steps: parameter selection, assignment of parameter weight, transformation of data to their corresponding sub indices and selection of an appropriate aggregation function. In this process, the following criteria were used as a reference: WQI from the National Sanitation Foundation, WQI for the Des Moines River, Escribano and De Frutos WQI, the international legislation on maximum acceptable concentration for different water quality variables, and the authors’ personal criteria. The index includes the following parameters: dissolved oxygen percent saturation, pH, nitrate concentration, total phosphorus concentration, chemical oxygen demand, concentration of suspended solids, electrical conductivity and temperature. The index sets itself to zero if the concentration of some toxic substance exceeds the maximum allowed limit. The adjustment values were based on "weights" defined in the National Sanitation Foundation Water quality Index (ICA-NSF). In this study, the weight of fecal coliforms count was excluded, the values of turbidity and the one for total solids were integrated into one (suspended solids) and a factor of 0.08 was assigned to the conductivity parameter. The sub indices associated to suspended solids were obtained from the quality of Kahler-Royer variation graph; the values for pH and the nitrate concentration from the graphs constructed for ICA-NSF. The percentage of dissolved oxygen saturation, in sites like irrigation channels, was evaluated directly from the quality variation graph constructed for ICANSF, whereas the same parameter for the flooding lagoons required an adjustment based on the optimal value for similar non contaminated ecosystems. The conductivity was evaluated from adjustments in the qualification functions commented by Escribano & De Frutos. Chemical oxygen demand, total phosphorus and temperature, were qualified based on the functions developed for the ICA-L. Rev. Biol. Trop. 56 (4): 1905-1918. Epub 2008 December 12.

Background. Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by the intracellular acid-fast bacilli Mycobacterium leprae; it has been determined that genetic factors of the host play an important role in the disease susceptibility. Thus, in this case-control study, we evaluated the possible association between the IL-17A G-197A (rs227593) and IL-17F A7488G (His161Arg, rs763780) gene SNPs and susceptibility to leprosy disease in Mexican population. Methods. Seventy-five leprosy patients and sixty-nine control subjects were included. Both SNPs were genotyped with the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism technique. Results. We found nonsignificant differences in genotype and allele frequencies related to IL-17A G-197A (rs227593) and IL-17F A7488G (His161Arg, rs763780) gene SNPs in MB as well as subclinical forms of leprosy disease versus healthy individuals. Conclusions. Since the sample size is not large enough, it is difficult to sustain an association of susceptibility to leprosy with genotypes or allele frequencies of IL-17A G-197A (rs227593) and IL-17F A7488G (His161Arg, rs763780), suggesting that IL-17 polymorphisms have no significant role in the genetic susceptibility to development of this disease in the Mexican Mestizo population.

El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar si el agua de la laguna Mata Redonda (LMR) y de la actividad arrocera en el sector San Lázaro (SSL) de Nicoya, es apropiada para el sostenimiento de la biodiversidad y el desarrollo de la vida acuática. El análisis de la calidad fisicoquímica del agua se llevó a cabo mediante el índice de calidad de agua para el manejo de lagunas de inundación (ICA-L) a partir de datos de temperatura, pH, porcentaje de saturación de oxígeno, conductividad eléctrica, demanda bioquímica de oxígeno, sólidos suspendidos, nitratos y fósforo total. El ICA-L promedio del agua que drenó de los arrozales por el canal principal, (ICA-Lp) fue 42, correspondiente a la categoría “mala” (no apta para el sostenimiento de la biodiversidad de lagunas de inundación). En la LMR (ICA-Lp 80) y en la salida de la laguna (ICA-Lp 81) la calidad del agua se clasificó como “buena”. No obstante incrementos en la concentración de fósforo total y en la demanda biológica de oxígeno (DBO) conducirían a un deterioro del ecosistema. El nivel de riesgo de los plaguicidas aplicados a los arrozales durante el período en estudio, bajo las condiciones del SSL, fue estimado mediante el Pesticide Index Rating Impact (PIRI); los resultados mostraron que la deltametrina, esfenvalerato, permetrina y butaclor, por su alta toxicidad y movilidad, serían los menos apropiados de aplicar. En tanto que, imidapropid, bispiribac-Na, triazofos, glifosato, acefato, clomazone y tricopyr, resultarían poco peligrosos bajo prácticas de aplicación apropiadas.

La aparición de las técnicas de carga inmediata en implantología revolucionó la concepción de los planes de tratamiento convencionales. La supervivencia de estas rehabilitaciones en el período de osteointegración se puede ver amenazado por factores que pueden influir, tanto en etapas diagnósticas como terapéuticas. Objetivo: Establecer posibles relaciones entre la supervivencia de la rehabilitación implantosoportada de carga inmediata durante el período de osteointegración y algunos aspectos diagnósticos y terapéuticos. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo donde la muestra estuvo formada por 90 pacientes implantados en mayo del 2005 en el Hospital “Arnaldo Milián Castro” de Villa Clara, con un total de 120 rehabilitaciones implantosoportadas. Hubo casi iguales porcentajes de supervivencia favorable y medianamente favorable (44,2 % y 45,0 %, respectivamente). Ni el sexo, la edad, la naturaleza de los dientes antagonistas, el tipo de cirugía, ni los tipos de rehabilitaciones influyeron en la supervivencia, mientras que otras variables, como los aspectos oclusales y biomecánicos, la higiene bucal, la dieta y la ansiedad, sí estuvieron asociadas a la supervivencia de las rehabilitaciones implantosoportadas. Las variables más asociadas a la supervivencia, en orden decreciente de importancia, fueron los aspectos oclusales, la higiene bucal, los elementos biomecánicos, la dieta y la ansiedad.

Se realizó un estudio descriptivo en el servicio de Prótesis, del Hospital Universitario "Arnaldo Milián Castro" de Santa Clara, Villa Clara, en el período de junio del 2003 a julio del 2004, para evaluar la satisfacción de la rehabilitación con sobredentaduras implantorretenidas mucosoportadas; se tomaron como criterios de inclusión: tener experiencia protésica anterior en maxilar o mandíbula, con tipo de anclaje de sistema de bola o sistema de barra-clip y tener como tiempo de rehabilitación entre 6 y 12 meses. Se estudiaron treinta pacientes rehabilitados, de ambos sexos, con edades comprendidas entre 40 y 71 años de edad, a los que se aplicó una encuesta para recoger información sobre la experiencia protésica anterior: ajuste, masticación, fonética, estética y sentir psicológico, así como el uso de la prótesis. Posteriormente, se aplicó una segunda encuesta para evaluar la satisfacción con la rehabilitación mediante sobredentadura implantorretenida mucosoportada, y los pacientes fueron clasificados en tres categorías: satisfechos, medianamente satisfechos e insatisfechos, según los resultados de dicha evaluación. El mayor número de pacientes correspondió al grupo de 50 a 59 años y se observó predominio del sexo femenino; en el total de los casos, la experiencia protésica anterior fue insatisfactoria y, por último, según el área de ubicación, maxilar o mandibular, se encontraron en ambas arcadas dentarias. La rehabilitación con sobredentadura implantorretenida mucosoportada, al cabo de seis meses o más, se consideró satisfactoria (buena) en la mayoría de los casos. Según los pacientes, no se detectaron diferencias significativas de satisfacción según edad, sexo o localización de la sobredentadura, aunque esta última variable, a nuestro criterio, sí mostró diferencias significativas que sugieren que las dificultades se presentaron con mayor frecuencia en el maxilar. En la casi totalidad se encontró coincidencia de criterios. Para todos los aspectos estudiados, se obtuvieron mejoras apreciables; el sentir psicológico y el desempeño resultaron las causas que con más frecuencia se citaron como no totalmente satisfactorias.

The article presents information on services offered by the National Institute of Pediatrics that helps ensure the safe and effective use of drugs at this institution. Therapeutic drug monitoring is one of the main activities of the pharmacology laboratory, which allows physicians to define the optimal treatment based on the selected therapeutic agents. Determining a patient's serum drug concentration allows physicians to use pharmacokinetic values to individualize drug dosages. Another service offered by the institute is drug information service. A clinical pharmacologist directs the drug information service, which supplies objective, specific, and current drug information and promotes rational drug use. The service may provide information on the treatment of poisonings caused by agents such as drugs, chemical substances, plants, venomous animals, and environmental pollutants.

In the phytoremediation processes of mine tailings with Ricinus communis inoculated with PGPB, it was found that the Serratia K120 bacterium favors the translocation of Al, As, Cu, Pb, Cr, Cd, and Mn to the aerial part of the plant, with a significant difference (p < 0.05) concerning for the control. The bioaccumulation factor (BF) was > 1 in Al with all the bacteria, Pb, Serratia K120, Fe, Pantoea 113, Cu, Pb, Cd, Mn in Serratia MC119 and Serratia K120, Fe and As in Serratia K120 and Pantoea 134, indicating that Ricinus communis inoculated with PGPB functions as a hyper accumulating plant. The PGPB help to reduce the stress in the plants generated by the heavy metals, decreasing the H 2 O 2 , and increasing the activity of the enzymes SOD, CAT, APX, POX, and GR, for which the bacteria Serratia K120 and Pantoea 113 can be used as bioinoculants to favor phytoremediation processes., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)