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Based on an analysis of immediate (388 patients) and long-term (259 patients) results of surgical treatment of ulcer disease of the duodenum complicated by stenosis the authors made a conclusion that selective proximal vagotomy in combination with dissection of the ulcer substrate (the stenosis area) without injuries of the pyloric constrictor is the operation of choice in treatment of ulcerous duodenal stenosis resulting in less lethality (0.52%), in practical exclusion of the development of functional disorders and impaired nutrition of the patients.

In social terms homosexuality is one of the most dangerous sexual perversions, for it is subject to a strong social disapproval, affects the personality core, leads to social disadaptation, growth of anxiety, development of neurotic and depressive states, suicidal inclination, is conducive to the spread of syphilis and AIDS, forms the basis for numerous crimes (violence, aggression, murder). Homosexuality virtually cannot be corrected and is carefully concealed. In single-sex groups (soldiers, students of military schools, convicts) the prevalence of homosexuality may be as high as 30 to 50%. The proposed complex method for the diagnosis of homosexuality in men has been developed on the basis of methods of sexology, anthropometry, verbal and nonverbal psychodiagnosis, multidimensional mathematical statistics. The method consists of several independent blocks representing different aspects of sexuality. It is conductive to a flexible and rapid solution of numerous practical problems from singling out a risk group in screening examinations to full expert evaluation of the sexual sphere with a resulting differential diagnosis.

Emergency aid given to 1,258 persons with injury to the blood vessels is analysed. A new classification and 4 independent stages of emergency service are distinguished. An attempt is made to find common principles of organization of aid in time of peace and in time of war. The tactics in a combined vascular-nerve injury are substantiated, the indications for a tourniquet (18.3%) and temporary prostheses (16.9%) are suggested for reducing the incidence of postoperative complications, amputations, and mortality. The results of treatment (%): amputations, at the place of the accident 6.2, in the center 4.4, mortality 9.6 and 2.2, respectively. The percentage of purulent complications was similar--6.6.

Experience of treatment of 215 patients with obliterating diseases of the vessels in terminal stage using the method of transcatheter medicinal mixtures infusion was summarized. Use of original method permitted to avert the gangrene appearance in 65% of patients, to lower the amputation level--in 15%; in 20% of patients the result was unsatisfactory, high limb amputation was conducted to them.

Results of using temporary prostheses in 58 patients with different injuries of blood vessels are analyzed. Most often tubular materials were used for the prostheses. The authors consider that temporary prostheses must be used only in cases of a real threat of irreversible ischemia of extremities and when specialized angiosurgical aid is not possible within 4-6 hours and more.

The genes encoding esterase D (ESD) and alpha 2-macroglobulin (A2M) were mapped using 3H-labeled cDNAs to sheep chromosome 3p26-->p24 and 3q26-->q35 respectively.

A 3-staged algorithm and a device named PKSV-01 were worked out to carry out a pre-doctor screening of servicemen. This method made it possible to define the sound servicemen, as well as patients with cardiovascular diseases including ischemic disease and postinfarctional cardiosclerosis. The specificity came to 91.9-93.9%, and sensitivity up to 81.4-97.8%. The application of lineal discriminative function ensured 93.1% of the right answers.

The authors studied the site of draining operations on the biliary tract in 160 patients with biliary pancreatitis. Among 64 patients with chronic pancreatitis 41 (64.1%) were subjected to various draining operations on the biliary system, one patient died. In a group of 96 patients with acute biliary cholecystitis 47 (48.8%) underwent internal drainage of the biliary tract and 49 (51.1%) patients were treated by external drainage. Four patients died. The late-term results were studied in 25 patients of each group: in group 1 the results were good in 22, satisfactory in 2, and poor in 1 patient; in group 2 the respective results were encountered in 19, 4, and 2 patients. The authors claim that various draining operations on the common bile duct are conductive to improvement of the immediate and late-term results of treatment of various forms of biliary pancreatitis.

The authors studied experience with simultaneous operations in 39 patients with coexisting diseases of the stomach, duodenum, biliary tract, and pancreas. A total of 31 operations were carried out in 14 patients with various forms of acute pancreatitis and 54 in 25 patients with chronic pancreatitis. One patient died in the immediate postoperative period from destructive postoperative pancreatitis. Simultaneous operations can be conducted under conditions of modern anesthesiological and intensive care without increasing mortality rates, which contributes to improvement of the immediate and late results of treatment of patients with concomitant digestive diseases.

A procedure for large-scale separation and purification of two mink serum macroglobulins, Lpm and alpha 2M, is described. Individual preparations of each of these macroglobulins were obtained in an immunologically pure state. After precipitation from the serum at 6.5-13% PEG 6000, Lpm and alpha 2M were separated by a pH stepwise gradient elution metal chelate affinity chromatography and purified by chromatographies on Biogel A 1.5 m and DEAE-Trisacryl M. Each of these macroglobulins was tested by counter-immunoelectrophoresis with the corresponding monospecific antiserum. The yields per 100 ml of the source serum were 23-44 mg of Lpm and 7-30 mg of alpha 2M which corresponded to 10-20% of their serum contents. Some of general biochemical properties of mink Lpm and alpha 2M and of all mammalian alpha-macroglobulins are discussed.

The 5 alpha-macroglobulin allotypes alpha M1, alpha M2, alpha M3, alpha M4 and alpha M5 were identified in pig. The alpha M1 allotype was reported as a marker of pig alpha-macroglobulin, the latter being homologous to alpha 2-macroglobulins in human and in mink. The allotypes alpha M2-alpha M5 were specified as markers of the second isotypical variant of pig alpha-macroglobulins, which was homologous to mink Lpm macroglobulin (alpha 1M). As seen from data obtained by International Comparative Test ISABR 87-88, alpha M1 is a new allotype, while allotypes alpha M2--alpha M5 correspond to four allotypes in the Gp system (Janik et al.). Based on these data, a conclusion was made on the homology between the Lpm system in american mink and the Gp system in pig. Since the allotypes studied are the part of alpha-macroglobulins, a locus controlling them was designated the AM locus. We also find it more advantageous to apply the same name to the homologous locus in mink, instead of the Lpm used earlier. Genetic control of 5 allotypes was studied and the structure of the AM locus in pig analysed in detail. Comparative study of organization of the above locus and the homologous locus in mink was carried out.

A system was developed for automatic ECG analysis, which involved a screening program and algorithms for syndrome ECG diagnosis. The principles for synthesizing algorithms for syndrome diagnosis are exemplified by the decision rule of identifying a ECG syndrome of atrial hypertrophy. The specificity of the proposed algorithm was more than 90%. Severe left and right atrial and moderate right atrial hypertrophies were well recognized. The findings suggest that the developed rules might be useful in the system of automatic ECG analysis.

Antisera to 15 allotypes of pig serum protein were raised and compared with those prepared elsewhere, within the framework of International Comparison Test of pig blood groups and polymorphic proteins and enzymes in 1987-1988. Of 15 allotypes tested 8 were found to coincide with the known GpB, GpD, GpA, Gpa, IGH3 C1, Lpb3, Lpb12, Lbr1. For 7 allotypes left, no analogues were found out. They seem very likely to be new allotypes of pig serum proteins.

A technique of the terminolateral choledochoduodenal anastomosis formation in 37 patients with impaired patency of bile ducts and indurative pancreatitis in presence of the common ampulla of the bile duct and pancreatic duct is presented. After the operation, the complications developed in 5 patients, 2 died. The result of treatment in observation of up to 4 years in 28 patients is good, in 2--satisfactory, in 2--bad (reoperated).

The analysis and systematization of errors and complications of punctures and catheterization of subclavian veins in 406 patients have been performed. Complications due to the technique of punctures and catheterization were recorded in 47 patients (11.6%). Complications appearing during using the catheter were noted in 46 patients (11.3%). In 6 patients (3.8%) examined in the late period there were symptoms of chronic venous insufficiency. In order to reduce the percentage of different complications the authors propose to use the puncture and catheterization only on the left side and on strict indications and by an experienced physician.

Distribution in the organs and tissues of two proteins of alpha-macroglobulin fraction, that differ in their antigenic structures, has been studied in the American mink. The both proteins (alpha 2M and Lpm) are present in hepatocytes, in cells of the follicular epithelium of the ovary, in the thymic bodies, in the alveolar macrophages of the lungs and in the splenic lymphoid nodes. Joint localization of alpha 2M and Lpm is revealed in the connective tissue of all the organs examined. The exception make the stomach and the uterine, where alpha 2M is revealed but not Lpm. The results obtained demonstrate a similar distribution of the two alpha-macroglobulins in the mink organism. They correspond to the literature data on morphofunctional topography of alpha 2M in the man. Certain individual differences in alpha 2M and Lpm localization can reflect peculiarities inherent in each of these alpha-macroglobulins of the American mink.

The results of genetic study on linkage of Lpm locus with peptidase B gene are presented. Investigation of 111 offspring back-crosses shows that Lpm allotypes and allelic variants of peptidase B are inherited in concert. The frequency of recombination between the Lpm locus and peptidase B gene is 11 +/- 3% in male. Since it was earlier established that peptidase B gene is a marker of chromosome 9, our data indicate that the Lpm loci family is situated in the chromosome 9 of domestic mink.

The stability and catalytic properties of enzymes from fireflies of three species - Lucida mingrelica, Lucida mongolica and Lampris sp.-were investigated. The enzyme of the homogenate from Lampris sp. was found most stable. The enzyme specific activities of the three species differed greatly. The specific activity of the homogenate from Luciola mingrelica was 7 times higher than that from Lampris sp. The Km constants with respect to Mo ATP and luciferine were identified for each enzyme.

The effect of isoniazid (200 mg/kg) on metabolism of biogenic amines in different parts of the brain was studied in acute experiments on white rats. Isoniazid was detected in all test organs one hour after the administration, with metabolism of biogenic amines changed. The level of biogenic amines is related not only to the drug distribution pattern but also to the specificity of its participation in the biochemical processes, restricting the synthesis of monoamines.

The efficacy of a specialized device for automatic ECG analysis was appraised on the grounds of examination of 1,499 healthy and sick persons. The method makes it possible to detect 74,2% of patients with diseases of the cardiovascular system. Patients with ischemic heart disease were detected with the greatest reliability (over 90%). A high reproduction of the results on homogeneous contingents of healthy and sick persons is shown, which is evidence that the use of specialized devices for automatic ECG analysis should be recommended for the cardiological screening of the population.

Data on immuno- and biochemical identification, genetic control and phylogenesis of new allotype Lpm13 of the Lpm system in domestic mink are presented. This allotype is encountered in mink populations with the frequency 0.9 and higher. The availability of Lpm13 genetic marker permitted another haplotype to be revealed, in addition to the eight known Lpm haplotypes by means of genetic analysis. It was established that, alongside with the earlier described haplotype Lpm3,4,6,8,9,10,11 (abbreviation H3), there exists a similar haplotype, Lpm3,4,6,8,9,10,11,13 (abbreviation H3.13), containing the Lpm13 gene. Of the rest seven haplotypes, five have the Lpm13 gene and two do not. Taking into account this gene and corresponding antigenic marker, the differentiation of 28, instead of 25, phenotypes and 45, instead of 36, genotypes for the Lpm system became possible. Lpm13 antigenic specificity was found with no exception in all individual serum samples taken from ten species and interspecific hybrids of Mustelidae which are closely related to domestic mink. The data obtained give grounds to refer the newly identified Lpm13 gene to the first evolutionary conservative category of genes of the multigenic Lpm system which is also represented by the Lpm6, Lpm9, Lpm10 and Lpm11 genes. The hypotheses of instantaneous formation of polymorphism of the Lpm system in domestic mink are briefly regarded.

Under analysis were results of the treatment of 53 patients with severe ischemic states of lower extremities by the method of transcatheteral intraarterial infusions of drugs. Duration of the treatment was from 7 to 50 days. The composition of the mixtures was chosen individually. The method is found to be sufficiently effective when no radical intervention on the vessels is possible.

The density class accessory of 8 mink alpha2-lipoprotein allotypes are determined by means of preparative ultracentrifugation. It is found that Lpm1, Lpm2, Lpm2, Lpm3, Lpm4, Lpm5, Lpm7 and Lpm8 are determinants of lipoproteins with density exceeding 1.210, i.e. they are VHDL. The allotypic marker 6, which has been earlier assigned by other criteria to Lpm group, belongs to mink lipoprotein, which distributes during ultracentrifugation at the region of low and, partially, high density.

Data on comparative study of the Lpm system of allotypes in minks of sovkhoz populations affected and nonaffected by Aleutian disease are presented. Significant interpopulational differences for frequencies of several Lpm genes of the second category (of corresponding haplo-, allo- and phenotypes) are revealed. This category includes genes species-specific for Mustela vison which make the main contribution to Lpm polymorphism. Seven minks with Lpm 3, 4, 6, 9, 10, 11 and Lpm 3, 4, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11 phenotypes, unknown earlier, have been found in the stationary hotbeds of Aleutian disease. They are most probably caused by the appearance and spreading of the recombinant haplotype Lpm in these populations. The data obtained are discussed from the point of view of their possible connection with epizootic of Aleutian disease.

A series of intraspecific immunizations of pigs by whole blood serum in complete Freund's adjuvant was performed. Four allo-antisera to different serum allotypes were obtained. These allotypes were assigned to A1, B1, C1 and D1. The results of identification show that the allotype A1 is probably a marker of immunoglobulin G. The allotypes B1, C1 and D1 were established to belong to different alpha-globulins, D1 being a marker of lipoprotein. Two geographically isolated populations of white large breed were tested. Two allotype combinations were found to be independent of one another and of sex. Significant differences in allotype frequency between two populations were only established for the G1 (F = 0.142 and 0.334; P less than 0.01). In both populations allotype B1 has the frequency 1.0, the frequencies of allotype A1 being 0.734 and 0.747. Most rare is the allotype D1 (F = 0.078 and 0.082).

The diagnosis of patent arterial duct (PAD) is not felt to be difficult in the presence of systolic-diastolic murmur, and in 91.7% of cases it would be established on general clinical investigations. In 8.3% of cases the main ausculatatory sign of this defect was distorted or utterly absent. In such cases the correct diagnosis was somewhat difficult. The absence of systolic-diastolic murmur in patients with PAD with conditioned by pulmonary hypertension, insufficiency of pulmonary artery valves, mitral defect, a small diameter of the duct, aneurysm-like changes in the aorta and pulmonary artery, decreased elastic properties of the latter walls, as well. In the absence of PAD pathognomonic signs catheterization of heart cavities and aortography should be employed. Surgical therapy for the lesion concerned in complicated cases shows some specificity. Utilization of the posterolateral approach, controlled hypotension, provisional application of holders to the aorta and below the duct, its being ligated on synthetic pads made it possible to improve the results of treatment of the lesion involved.

An equation for calculating the mean pressure in the left atrium is suggested. The area of the mitral orifice was calculated according to the Gorlin's equation on the basis of the data of polycardiography and the dye dilution method. The mean pressure in the left atrium was determined in 129 patients with acquired heart failures, the area of the mitral orifice--in 36 patients. A comparison of the calculated values with those obtained by catheterization and at surgery demonstrated their high reliability. The simplicity and safely of the method permit to use it for a dynamic observation aimed at assessing the efficacy of the surgical treatment and for timely diagnosis of possible re-stenosis.