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Digital watermarking is the process of embedding information into a digital signal. This work targets web applications that need to have hidden secure data within their Arabic e-text files. Many related watermarking techniques have been proposed as for text watermarking. However, most of them are suitable for English and cannot be generalized for different other languages such as Arabic. Arabic e-text watermarking is found having unique characteristics features that can be considered interestingly. In this paper, we are utilizing the extension Arabic character ‘Kashida’ to propose an improved method for Arabic e-text watermarking. We utilize all the extendable characters possibly fitted in words to represent some watermark bits. We embed bits within 'Kashida' characters in the cover text based on a secret key similar to classical cryptography. Our study showed that this watermarking scheme made the task of an attack much harder compared to previous similar and related methods. It also showed possibility to hide more secret data bits without degrading the security, which is believed to be attractive for web e-text data application such as preserving intellectual properties or copyright features.

This is the published version of the article. Copyright 2010 Mary Ann Liebert Inc. During the last few years, wireless networks have been increasingly used both inside hospitals and in patients’ homes to transmit medical information. In general, wireless networks suffer from decreased security. However, digital watermarking can be used to secure medical information. In this study, we focused on combining wireless transmission and digital watermarking technologies to better secure the transmission of medical images within and outside the hospital. Methods: We utilized an integrated system comprising the wireless network and the digital watermarking module to conduct a series of tests. Results: The test results were evaluated by medical consultants. They concluded that the images suffered no visible quality degradation and maintained their diagnostic integrity. Discussion: The proposed integrated system presented reasonable stability, and its performance was comparable to that of a fixed network. This system can enhance security during the transmission of medical images through a wireless channel. The General Secretariat for Research and Technology of the Hellenic Ministry of Development and the British Council.

Fragile watermarking is a technology for detecting manipulations in an image, such as the digital signature in cryptography. However, the classification of attacks is not fixed in the security evaluation of existing fragile watermarking schemes, although many schemes have been proposed. In this paper, typical fragile watermarking schemes using a public key cryptosystem are evaluated from the viewpoint of a practical watermarking service. In this evaluation, nine attacks on watermarked images are defined and are classified as: watermarked image attacks, similar to cipher text attacks in cryptography; known original image attacks, similar to known plain text attacks; chosen original image attacks, similar to chosen plain text attacks. We show that the existing schemes are not secure against all attacks and propose a new scheme that is secure against such. attacks and useful for a practical watermarking service.

Authentication and copyright protection of digital contents over the internet is an important issue. Digital watermarking provides a complete authentication and copyright protection solution for this problem. Besides, image, audio, and video; text is the most dominant medium travelling over the internet and it requires complete protection. Text watermarking techniques have been developed in past to protect the text from illegal copying, forgery, redistribution and to prevent copyright violations. In this paper, we propose a novel text watermarking algorithm using combined image-plus-text watermark to fully protect the text document. The watermark is logically embedded in the text and is extracted later to prove ownership. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of proposed algorithm under localized as well as dispersed tampering attacks on the text.

Digital watermarking is one of the most widely used techniques for protection of ownership rights of digital audio, images and video. Its commercial applications range from copyright protection to digital rights management. The success of a digital watermarking technology depends heavily on its robustness to withstand attacks that are aimed at removing or destroying the watermark from its host data. This paper provides analysis of a number of digital image watermark attacks and attempts to classify them into categories. A set of experimental results are also provided to show the effect of these attacks on watermarks produced using different watermarking techniques.

Intellectual property right, copyright, trade mark, digital rights management (DRM) are buzz words heard more often in era of Internet. Along with the uncountable advantages Internet has also brought certain evils. These evils have social, technological, economical and legal impact on our society in general. One of the issues concerning the “content creators” is mass violations of copyrights for their work through illegal distribution via “darknet”. Watermarking is seen as one of the component for DRM systems that can act as a deterrent to content flowing into the darknet. The performance of watermarking schemes can be improved if channel codes are used for encoding the hidden message. The chapter targets applications of Error Control Coding (ECC) to watermarking namely: copyright protection, authentication, forensics and stego watermarking techniques including active steganography. This chapter aims at studying various properties of watermarking systems (depending on application), looking into their specific requirements and then try to search for suitable error control code. This will boost the over all performance of watermarking techniques. This chapter also intends to discuss the state of art research in this direction and then presents a watermarking method based on facts covered in chapter.

Digital watermarking is a powerful way to protect author's copyrights and to prove that a digital content has not been modified. Watermarking is the process of altering the original data file, allowing for the subsequent recovery of embedded auxiliary data called watermark. A subscriber, with knowledge of the watermark and how it is recovered, can determine (to a certain extent) whether significant changes have occurred within the data file. Researchers have also developed techniques that can help to identify portions of an image or speech signal that may contain unauthorized changes. This can be useful, for instance, in front of a court. In this paper, we present some recent applications in image and speech processing. We think that some more applications will appear in the future, and specially, commercial devices able to insert a digital watermark in a multimedia content. This is the milestone to popularize these systems.

Presently the WWW phenomenon has brought the world in to the personal computer. Digital media is thereby given high priority. But this has increased the frequency of security breach of intellectual properties. Therefore copyright protections and content integrity verification are highly recommended. What we need is newer data hiding techniques that must be imperceptible, robust, highly secured, etc. Digital image watermarking is one of the ways that is resilient to various attacks on the image based digital media where data authentication is done by embedding of a watermark in image characteristics. This work incorporates singular value decomposition (SVD) based image watermarking. Here unlike previous work done by researchers, error control coding (ECC) and artificial neural networks (ANN) for the authentication purposes have been used. ECC and ANN increase the robustness of the method against malicious attacks.

The watermarking problem is relatively well understood in the single watermark case, but it lacks theoretical foundation in the multiple watermarks case. The goal of this chapter is to provide important technical insights as well as intuitive and well developed discussions onto how multiple watermarks can be embedded efficiently into the same host signal. The authors adopt communication and information theoretic inclinations, and they argue that this problem has tight relationship to conventional multiuser information theory. Then they show that by virtue of this tight relationship design and optimization of algorithms for multiple watermarking applications can greatly benefit from recent advances and new findings in multiuser information theory.

In this paper, a novel scheme of text digital watermarking was presented based on components computing, in order to protect copyright of digital text documents, prevent them from illegal copying and diffusing. In the process of abstracting the text content to vector cluster, and thus the embedding and detecting of text digital watermarking was realized. Results of experiments showed that the watermark is robust against copying, cutting and format adjusting.

Copyright protection of digital works is a serious problem today. It is worthy to research on how to use watermarking algorithm correctly according to special application. A secure watermarking protocol is designed in this paper to protect the copyright in digital museum. In our cryptography based protocol, a trusted third party is introduced into the system, and two watermarks are embedded into the host data independently through four stages information exchange and authentication. Different with the protocol described in [12] and [13], our scheme has no watermarking algorithm restriction. The innocent will not be framed, and the culpable will not be denied with the help of cryptographic evidence. Together with watermarking algorithm, the protocol gives a useful way to protect copyright in digital museum.

In this paper the author bring forward a new watermarking inserted method of audio signal based on audio apperceive model, achieves copyright protecting and content approving of audio product.

A digital media product must be protected with a watermark. This mark must be resilient yet transparent to legitimate users of the media. There are those who seek to cloud the ownership of digital media by tampering with the embedded marks. For example, a small rotation, scale change or cropping of an image can make it difficult, or impossible, for the legitimate owner to recover the watermark. This is called a geometric attack. The authors present a new paradigm for rendering any watermarking scheme resistant to such geometric attacks. This is done by means of a new image transform to a Rotation, Scaling, and Translation (RST) invariant domain based on ideas from shape theory. They also propose extensions of this technique to video watermarking. Finally, the authors provide an example of how these ‘shape based’ concepts can be extended to more general relational databases provided an abstract notion of shape is employed.

Newspapers, no different from other copyrighted works, are protected by the copyright laws. However, as the duplication itself is technically executable without any license agreement, in cases where users are ignorant of the copyright laws or have no intent to honor them, copies of newspapers end up to be illegally produced. In this paper, we report experiments for applying digital watermarking to newspapers. Digital watermarking is utilized to realize copyright management system that prevents illegal duplications while offering great convenience. Watermarking application is achieved in which the embedding artifacts are hardly noticeable and the embedded information extraction is stable.

Copyright protection of digital contents is very necessary in today’s digital world with efficient communication mediums as internet. Text is the dominant part of the internet contents and there are very limited techniques available for text protection. This paper presents a novel algorithm for protection of plain text, which embeds the logo image of the copyright owner in the text and this logo can be extracted from the text later to prove ownership. The algorithm is robust against content-preserving modifications and at the same time, is capable of detecting malicious tampering. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the algorithm against tampering attacks by calculating normalized hamming distances. The results are also compared with a recent work in this domain

Lossy compression attacks in digital watermarking are one of the major issues in digital watermarking. Cheddad et al. proposed a robust secured self-embedding method which is resistant to a certain amount of JPEG compression. Our experimental results show that the self-embedding method is resistant to JPEG compression attacks and not resistant to other lossy compression attacks such as Block Truncation Coding (BTC) and Singular Value Decomposition (SVD). Therefore we improved Cheddad et al’s. method to give better protection against BTC and SVD compression attacks.

Digital media is a craze these days. With the present day internet connectivity the world has become smaller. The copyright protections of intellectual properties have become a necessity for prevention of illegal copying and content integrity verification. Newer data hiding techniques that satisfy the requirements of imperceptibility, robustness, capacity, or data hiding rate and security of the hidden data etc. are being developed. Therefore the preference to go for digital image watermarking, to show resiliency against various unintentional or deliberate attacks has increased. Watermarking is a method of data authentication by embedding a watermark in image characteristics with expectation. Here in this work, this is done using a mathematical tool called the singular value decomposition (SVD). Earlier SVD had been used individually, as a tool for watermarking of digital media, but this work incorporates error control coding to it, by a novel zig-zag scan operation on pixels done before coding, thereby increasing the robustness. This work here by focuses on using both of them together to provide a robust technique developed for protection of the intellectual property against the popular malicious attacks. The algorithm is later applied and tested on the standard checkmark techniques practically by attacking the watermarked image against standard simulated attacks and recovering the watermarked logo from it.

Copyright protection is an important aspect of the management of resources in any eBusiness dealing with digital multimedia distribution. Two of its main aims are to guarantee that any use of the media is in accordance to its license and to assert the ownership of the media. The solution to copyright protection consists of many technologies, one of which is watermarking. In the case of copyright protection, the robustness of the watermark against any attacks is an issue that needs to be addressed since it directly affects the performance of the copyright protection system. This paper presents a novel technique of using high order polynomial function to embed watermark signature instead of the standard linear function to improve the robustness of the watermark from attacks such as low pass filtering, additive noise and cropping. The embedding process is carried out in the wavelet domain as it is considered as the most robust domain for watermarking in the literature.

In this paper, security evaluation of an important watermarking class based on quantization is given. Theoretical developments and practical simulations are used to measure the security level of watermarking techniques. We give the contribution of each observation available to the attacker on the total gathered information about the watermarking secrecy. By leading on watermarking technique weaknesses, we find that using the Quantization Index Modulation (QIM) with continuous secret key is equivalent to using a secret key with two states. The latter is easier to estimate than a continuous key. Then, we propose a secure version of a classical trellis coded quantization watermarking. The security is guaranteed thanks to the trellis path generated from the discrete key and the message. We show that the spread transform can represent a second or alternative security level for watermarking systems. It allows to increase the watermarking security level and to keep the embedded message hard to read for unauthorise user.

In modern times, the rapid growth of the Internet has made copyright protection of digital contents a critical issue. A Digital Rights Management (DRM) system is aimed at protecting the high-value digital assets and controlling the distribution and utilization of those digital assets. Watermarking technologies are being regarded as a vital mean to proffer copyright protection of digital images. Digital watermarking hides, in digital images, the information necessary for ownership identity to offer copyright protection. This paper proposes an innovative invisible and blind watermarking scheme for copyright protection of digital images with the purpose of defending against digital piracy. In the proposed watermarking scheme, a binary watermark image is invisibly embedded into the host image for achieving copyright protection. In watermark embedding, every pixel of the watermark image is embedded into the individual blocks of the host image sized 2×2. In the proposed watermarking scheme, the process of watermark extraction necessitates only the watermarked image and it doesn't require the original image or any of its characteristics, and hence, the proposed watermarking scheme is blind. The efficiency of the proposed watermarking scheme has been demonstrated via the experimental results.

PACS model based on digital watermarking is proposed by analyzing medical image features and PACS requirements from the point of view of information security, its core being digital watermarking server and the corresponding processing module. Two kinds of digital watermarking algorithm are studied; one is non-region of interest (NROI) digital watermarking algorithm based on wavelet domain and block-mean, the other is reversible watermarking algorithm on extended difference and pseudo-random matrix. The former belongs to robust lossy watermarking, which embedded in NROI by wavelet provides a good way for protecting the focus area (ROI) of images, and introduction of block-mean approach a good scheme to enhance the anti-attack capability; the latter belongs to fragile lossless watermarking, which has the performance of simple implementation and can realize tamper localization effectively, and the pseudo-random matrix enhances the correlation and security between pixels. Plenty of experimental research has been completed in this paper, including the realization of digital watermarking PACS model, the watermarking processing module and its anti-attack experiments, the digital watermarking server and the network transmission simulating experiments of medical images. Theoretical analysis and experimental results show that the designed PACS model can effectively ensure confidentiality, authenticity, integrity and security of medical image information.

The Internet presents a problem for the protection of intellectual property. Those who create content must be adequately compensated for the use of their works. Rights agencies who monitor the use of these works exist in many jurisdictions. In the traditional broadcast environment this monitoring is a difficult task. With Internet Protocol Television (IPTV) and Next Generation Networks (NGN) this situation is further complicated.

In the last few years, digital image watermarking have been proposed as a solution for solving the illegal copying and proof of ownership problem in the context of multimedia object. But it is still difficult have a rough standard of their performances and hence to compare them. So we propose a suggestion standard based on the hiding property and robustness of digital watermark, describe a series of evaluation methods and analyze the performances of the common evaluation tools. We also designed an evaluation process for image digital watermarking and give a basic necessary condition to judge the validity of image watermarking.

Recently, according to the number of Internet in widely use and the development of the related application, the distribution and use of multimedia contents, such as digital images, are very easy. Since these can modify as easy as use, multimedia contents need newly compressed JPEG 2000 and digital watermarking technique because of its enormous amount of information. To protect the digital image in real-time, this paper proposes two methods that Dual Watermarking Method (DWM) based JPEG 2000 and performing JPEG 2000 and watermarking synchronously. DWM consists of the robust and fragile watermarking. Also, in DWM, watermarks are carefully embedded avoiding the areas of Region Of Interest (ROI) and the edge of the digital image to protect the integrity of it. In performing JPEG 2000 and watermarking, it takes considerably less time to do JPEG 2000 and watermarking than when they are done separately. Based on the experimental results, it takes 0.72 second for JPEG 2000 and watermarking, and 1.11 second when they are done separately.

We propose a system for organizing the creation and the interaction in multimedia environments that permit the collaboration among artists and audience. This system approaches security issues in multimedia content performing authorization and watermarking mechanisms. Authorization mechanism controls artist and audience operations in multimedia files based on a set of actions imposed on real-life scenarios. Digital watermarking mechanism handles copyright-protection and authentication issues that appear in multimedia systems applying a semantically secure watermark. The main contribution of such a watermark relies on the fact that it gives to the users the enhanced capability their ownership of the multimedia file not to be accomplished simply by detecting the bit pattern that comprises the watermark itself, but by showing that the legal owner knows a hard to compute property of the watermark. The strength of our system considers multimedia content not as an atomic digital entity, but as a part of a project with a specific workflow that applies watermarking techniques in all its parts.

The Digital watermarking technology has become increasing popular in the protection digital copyright. However, in the practical application, the watermarking algorithms should be combined with a secure copyright protection protocol to solve the copyright protection problems completely. In this paper, a novel buyer-seller watermarking protocol is proposed for piracy tracing, in which a memoryless Watermark Certification Authority (WCA) can offer a number of watermarks for a buyer simultaneously, avoiding itself being involved in each digital transaction operated between the buyer and the seller. Besides, in order to guarantee the anonymity of the buyer, the WCA can provide the buyer with an encrypted digital certificate and have it submitted directly to the seller by the buyer. In addition, the proposed protocol also can resolve other problems, such as the customer right problem, the binding attack problem, the anonymity problem, the conspiracy problem, the dispute problem. The analyses indicate that the proposed protocol is secure and practical.

With the advance of technologies such as the Internet, Wi-Fi Internet availability and mobile access, it is becoming harder than ever to safeguard intellectual property in a digital form. Digital watermarking is a steganographic technique that is used to protect creative content. Copyrighted work can be accessed from many different computing platforms; the same image can exist on a handheld personal digital assistant, as well as a laptop and desktop server computer. For those who want to pirate, it is simple to copy, modify and redistribute digital media. Because this impacts business profits adversely, this is a highly researched field in recent years. This paper examines a technique for digital watermarking which utilizes properties of the Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT). The digital watermarking algorithm is explained. This algorithm uses a database of 40 images that are of different types. These images, including greyscale, black and white, and color, were chosen for their diverse characteristics. Eight families of wavelets, both orthogonal and biorthogonal, are compared for their effectiveness. Three distinct watermarks are tested. Since compressing an image is a common occurrence, the images are compacted to determine the significance of such an action. Different types of noise are also added. The PSNR for each image and each wavelet family is used to measure the efficacy of the algorithm. This objective measure is also used to determine the influence of the mother wavelet. The paper asks the question:“Is the wavelet family chosen to implement the algorithm of consequence?” In summary, the results support the concept that the simpler wavelet transforms, e.g. the Haar wavelet, consistently outperform the more complex ones when using a non-colored watermark.

Digital Watermarking is a technology of embedding watermark with intellectual property rights into images, videos, audios and other multimedia data by a certain algorithm. The basic characteristics of digital watermark is imperceptible, security, reliability, low complexity of watermarking algorithm and security of the hiding place. Digital Watermarking Algorithm is composed of three parts: watermark embedding algorithm, the watermark extraction algorithm and the watermark detection algorithm.Future research of digital watermarking technology will focus on the watermarking algorithm, the study of watermarking theories, the watermark attacks and the evaluation system of watermarking system.

Digital video stream transferring via the network has become very popular in recent years. However, this frequent use of the Internet may increase the requirement for copyright and security. As a consequence, to prevent video stream which belongs to rightful owners from being intentionally or unknowingly used by others, information protection is indispensable. Digital watermarks have been embedded invisibly into digital video to protect copy rights of legal owners. An effective watermarking procedure usually requires satisfaction of a set of typical requirements such as transparency, robustness, oblivious detection and so on.

One of the greatest advantages of the ubiquitous Internet, the free and easy transmission of information, is also one of its greatest weaknesses, leading to the copying and outright theft of information. Of particular interest to the readers of this journal is the theft of images and videos. A content provider may want to publish information without having that information stolen and misrepresented as another's. Legally, the content provider needs to be able to enforce a copyright and convince an impartial arbitrator (e.g., a judge) that the content is his and not the other person's.

Changing the distribution channel of movies from analogue to digital provides new perspectives and possibilities for applying digital watermarking as security mechanisms. Digital watermarking provides its best security options when used for individual marking of copies to trace back distribution leaks. For analogue copies, protecting movies with individual watermarks was only cost-effective for small sets of copies as in promotional copies as duplication is done in an automated photo-optical way. Modifications of the analogue copies only provide relatively crude approaches of individual marking. Digital copies on the other hand can easily be modified before, during or even after distribution to cinemas. It is also possible to embed watermarks at all of these stages to secure the complete distribution chain from studio to cinema. In our paper we discuss two watermarking strategies suitable for different applications in the digital cinema domain, video and still image watermarking. We provide technical background and also discuss the interference of applying both algorithms at the same time.

Digital watermarking is a technique first described in 1979 which aims to embed extra pieces of information into some cover work for protection. This information is known as a digital watermark and its presence shouldn’t affect the overall quality of the cover work. To date the majority of digital watermarking techniques employ watermarks generated by iterating pseudorandom number generators. These watermarks have been shown to possess white spectrums and have good robustness to common watermark attacks. Watermarks generated using chaotic functions have received increasing interest recently. Numerous chaotic functions have been studied for this process and the generated watermark sequences can be easily controlled in order to create a sequence with particular spectral properties, e.g. lowpass sequence. This chapter will present the field of chaotic digital watermarking and examine three chaotic functions used in chaos based watermarking and show the advantages of using these over the more common pseudorandom ones.

Digital watermarks are used to prevent unauthorized duplication and distribution of multimedia contents. This is achieved by inserting a unique digital watermark into each copy of the multimedia contents before it is sold to a buyer. If the buyer sells unauthorized copies of the watermarked content, then these deterred copies can be traced using a watermark extraction and detection algorithm. This paper proposes an enhanced buyer-seller watermarking protocol based on public key encryption standard, which is secure and flexible. Buyer places the purchase order to seller which will be forwarded to the certification authority using the existing public key and digital signature infrastructure. The trusted certification authority issues the watermark based on the buyer-seller public key, the watermark identification number, based on watermark and secret key, which enables the buyer to check the originality of the purchased digital content. This prevent the buyer from claiming that an unauthorized copy may have originated from the seller and gives highest privilege to the buyer to ensure the quality of the purchased digital content.

This chapter discusses on forensic tracking through digital watermarking for secure multimedia distribution. The existing watermarking schemes are elaborated and their assumptions as well as limitations for tracking are discussed. Especially, an Independent Component Analysis (ICA) based watermarking scheme is presented, which overcomes the problems of the existing watermarking schemes. Multiple watermarking techniques are used where one watermark is used for ownership verification and the other one is used to identify the legal user of the distributed content. In the absence of a priori information, i.e. the original data, original watermark, embedding locations as well as the strength, our ICA technique provides efficient watermark extraction scheme with the help of side information. The robustness against common signal processing attacks is presented. Lastly, the challenges in the forensic tracking through digital watermarking techniques are discussed.

This paper is an attempt to describe a new scheme of image watermarking based on 5/3 wavelet decomposition and turbo code. This new watermarking algorithm is based on embedding a mark (signature) in the multi-resolution field. For the purpose of increasing the image watermarking robustness against attacks of an image transmission, we encode with a turbo code an image-embedded mark. This new scheme of image watermarking is able to embed 2000 bits in medical images. Results of experiments carried out on a database of 30 256×256-pixel medical images show that watermarks are robust to noises, filter attacks, and JPEG compression. Results demonstrate that fidelity can be improved by incorporating a turbo code mark that is shaped into the embedding process. Other advantages of our embedding process are preserving intellectual features and securing the mark in the image. The image degradation is measured by the relative peak signal to noise ratio (RPSNR). Experimental results show that this unit of measurement is the best distortion metric which is correlated with the human visual system (HVS), and is therefore more suitable for digital watermarking.

Copyright protection of plain text while traveling over the internet is very crucial. Digital watermarking provides the complete copyright protection solution for this problem. Text being the most dominant medium travelling over the internet needs absolute protection. Text watermarking techniques have been developed in past to protect the text from illegal copying, redistribution and to prevent copyright violations. This paper presents a review of some of the recent research in watermarking techniques for plain text documents. The reviewed approaches are classified into three categories, the image based approach, the syntactic approach and the semantic approach. This paper discusses the main contributions, advantages and drawbacks of different methods used for text watermarking in past.

Robustness, even if recognized as a key property of the digital watermarking, is not considered enough to prove the ownership of the image. The aim of inversion attacks is to create ambiguities about the authorship of an image. To thwart inversion attacks with otherwise robust watermarking schemes, non-invertibility of watermarking has often been stressed. We have in this paper, by using the digital signature algorithm (DSA), proposed a new way of incorporating non-invertibility into digital watermarking schemes, especially the private digital watermarking schemes. What we propose in this paper is not only just a new watermarking technique but also a provably secure, non-invertible scheme that has features like time-stamping and use of asymmetric keys , all this vouchsafed by the underlying use of digital signature algorithm (DSA) which is a well known standard in cryptography

Establishing hidden communication is an important subject of discussion that has gained increasing importance recently, particularly with the development of the Internet. One of the methods introduced for establishing hidden communication is Steganography. Steganography is a method to hide data in a cover media so that other persons will not notice that such data is there. In this chapter steganography is introduced and its history is described. Then the major steganography methods include image, audio, video, and text steganography are reviewed.

Video watermarking technique embeds some information into videos by modifying video content slightly. The embedded information, named watermark, may be ownership information, customer information, integrity information, redundancy information, and so forth. Thus, this technique can be used for copyright protection, piracy tracing, content authentication, advertisement surveillance, error resilience, and so forth. In this chapter, we give an overview on video watermarking technology, including its architecture, performance requirement, typical algorithms, hot topics, and open issues.

In 2007, Wang-Chen proposed a majority-voting based self-recovery watermarking scheme, in which the additional authentication watermark of each block was embedded in the less significant bits and used to examine the authenticity of the same block. In this paper we examine the security of the Wang-Chen self-recovery watermarking scheme and show that it is vulnerable to the proposed XOR-equivalent attack. Specifically, given a watermarked image, one can forge the authentication watermark it contains into another image by the proposed XOR-equivalent attack. Experimental results are given to support our conclusions and demonstrate that our attack is successful in forging watermarked image. This implies that it is insecure to detect the validity of image block only by the additive authentication watermark embedded in the same block in self-recovery watermarking techniques.

The security of digital watermarking methods is based on the assumption that their embedding and detection algorithms are kept secret. They are thus inconvenient for public review and widespread use. A watermarking algorithm that can be open while remaining secure is thus needed. Twelve models that are analogous to cryptanalysis models are described for evaluating the security of digital watermarking. They were used to evaluate the patchwork-based watermarking algorithm and identify its weakness. Two scenarios were then developed that strengthen this algorithm. The use of these models will further the development of an open secure algorithm.

This paper discusses the security problem of integrality and reality authentication in medical image, and introduces digital signature technology based on RSA public cryptosystem in brief. It analyzes the merit and insufficiency of digital signature technology. Considering the specialty of medical image, it brings forward integrating reversible digital watermarking with digital signature to form an authentication system. Then, the scheme of the system is carried through. Finally, the system is designed and implemented by using the c# software. The experiment results show that the proposed system has good imperceptibility. It effectively solves the problem of complete integrity and reality authentication of medical image.

The researches and applications for Digital watermarking technology are more and more extensive, at present, they mainly embodied in the watermark image, video watermarking, as well as voice in areas such as watermarks. This paper based on the popular image scrambling in the Arnold transform method gives the image on the protection of digital watermarking algorithm, the embedded watermark information to the original digital image products, but does not affect the content of the original value, the image of the copyright to do a lot of good protection, the experiment proved to be more robust performance and value.

The new method for digital image watermarking , presented in this chapter, could be used for intellectual property right protection of digital still images of any kind (natural, scanned documents, computer graphics, etc.). The method is suitable for distance learning applications; access control for medical or biometric information in corresponding databases; detection of forgeries and illegal distribution of electronic or scanned documents; data hiding in medical, cartographic, and other images; authorized contents editing; etc.

In this chapter, some basic concepts about digital watermarking are described in as general terms as possible. An introduction is given first. The classification of watermarking, the functions provided by watermarking, and the benchmarks and evaluating measurements for watermarking systems are then introduced in the following sections.

There has been tremendous interest in watermarking multimedia content during the past two decades, mainly for proving ownership and detecting tamper. Digital fingerprinting, that deals with identifying malicious user(s), has also received significant attention. While extensive work has been carried out in watermarking of images, other multimedia objects still have enormous research potential. Watermarking database relations is one of the several areas which demand research focus owing to the commercial implications of database theft. Recently, there has been little progress in database watermarking, with most of the watermarking schemes modeled after the irreversible database watermarking scheme proposed by Agrawal and Kiernan. Reversibility is the ability to re-generate the original (unmarked) relation from the watermarked relation using a secret key. As explained in our paper, reversible watermarking schemes provide greater security against secondary watermarking attacks, where an attacker watermarks an already marked relation in an attempt to erase the original watermark. This paper proposes an improvement over the reversible and blind watermarking scheme presented in [5], identifying and eliminating a critical problem with the previous model. Experiments showing that the average watermark detection rate is around 91% even with attacker distorting half of the attributes. The current scheme provides security against secondary watermarking attacks.

As a valid means to discourage illicit distribution of information content, digital watermarking is a form of communication in essence. Inspired by the thoughts of watermarking communication model, an attack model of text watermarking based on communications is proposed in this paper. According to this attack model, in which the attackers’ abilities are considered, the known attacks under the three given conditions are analyzed. The research on these issues will promote the improvement on watermarking algorithms and fuel the development of text watermarking.