330 results on '"Chaudhary, Amit"'
Search Results
302. How Do Big Data and Generative AI Dawn on Computational Biology?
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Jauhari, Shaurya, Chaudhary, Amit, editor, Sethi, Sushanta K., editor, and Verma, Akarsh, editor
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- 2024
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303. Interaction network analysis of YBX1 for identification of therapeutic targets in adenocarcinomas.
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Murugesan, Suriya Narayanan, Yadav, Birendra Singh, Maurya, Pramod Kumar, Chaudhary, Amit, Singh, Swati, and Mani, Ashutosh
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ADENOCARCINOMA ,PROTEIN expression ,CARRIER proteins ,GENETIC regulation ,RNA sequencing ,CANCER treatment - Abstract
Human Y-box binding protein-1 (YBX1) is a member of highly conserved cold-shock domain protein family, which is involved in transcriptional as well as translational regulation of many genes. Nuclear localization of YBX1 has been observed in various cancer types and it's overexpression has been linked to adverse clinical outcome and poor therapy response, but no diagnostic or therapeutic correlation has been established so far. This study aimed to identify differentially expressed novel genes among the interactors of YBX1 in different cancer types. Analysis of RNA-Seq data for colorectal, lung, prostate and stomach adenocarcinoma identified 39 unique genes, which are differentially expressed in the four adenocarcinoma types. Gene-enrichment analysis for the differentially expressed genes from individual adenocarcinoma with focus on unique genes resulted in a total of 57 gene sets specific to each adenocarcinoma. Gene ontology for commonly expressed genes suggested the pathways and possible mechanisms through which they affect each adenocarcinoma type considered in the study. Gene regulatory network constructed for the common genes and network topology was analyzed for the central nodes. Here 12 genes were found to play important roles in the network formation; among them, two genes FOXM1 and TOP2A were found to be in central network formation, which makes them a common target for therapeutics. Furthermore, five common differentially expressed genes in all adenocarcinomas were also identified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2019
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304. Four essays in empirical economics
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Chaudhary, Amit
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HD ,HC ,HB ,HG - Abstract
This thesis studies four topics in empirical economics as summarized below.\ud \ud Chapter 1 documents the roles of heterogeneity, sorting, and complementarity in a framework where workers, managers, and firms interact to shape productivity. I show that the source of heterogeneity in the form of manager ability is an important driver of differences in firm productivity. I empirically identify complementarities between workers, managers, and firms using my estimation methodology. Counterfactual results show that reallocating workers by applying a positive assortative sorting rule can increase police department productivity by 10%.\ud \ud Chapter 2 documents that growth of Airbnb is likely to affect the local housing rental market by reducing the supply of properties. I combine data from Airbnb and Zoopla and examine how the price of individual houses evolves over time, as Airbnb penetrates the market in the area of Greater London. Leveraging the fact that properties with more than three bedrooms are less exposed to Airbnb, I use a difference-in-differences strategy by year and house type. I find that a 10-percent increase in the number of Airbnb properties in a ward increases real rents by 0.1 percent.\ud \ud Chapter 3: Religious groups sometimes resist modern welfare-enhancing interventions,\ud adversely affecting the group's human capital levels. In this context, we study whether the two largest religious groups in India (Hindus and Muslims) resisted western education because they shared religious identity with the rulers deposed by the British colonisers. We find that Muslim literacy in an Indian district under the British is lower where the deposed ruler was a Muslim, while Hindu literacy is lower where the deposed ruler was a Hindu.\ud \ud Chapter 4: We digitize the financial disclosure of elite bureaucrats from India and combine this novel data with web-scraped career histories to study the private wealth accumulation of public servants. Employing a difference in difference event study approach, we find that the annual growth rate is 10% higher for the value of assets and 4.4% higher for the number after bureaucrats being transferred to an important post with the power to make influential policies. We document that the results are consistent with a rent-seeking explanation.\ud
305. Nanoparticles toxicity: an overview of its mechanism and plausible mitigation strategies.
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Sharma, Nitin, Kurmi, Balak Das, Singh, Dilpreet, Mehan, Sidharth, Khanna, Kushagra, Karwasra, Ritu, Kumar, Shobhit, Chaudhary, Amit, Jakhmola, Vikash, Sharma, Anjana, Singh, Sachin Kumar, Dua, Kamal, and Kakkar, Dipti
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NANOPARTICLES , *POISONS , *PHYSIOLOGY , *BIOLOGICAL systems , *CHEMICAL properties - Abstract
Over the last decade, nanoparticles have found great interest among scientists and researchers working in various fields within the realm of biomedicine including drug delivery, gene delivery, diagnostics, targeted therapy and biomarker mapping. While their physical and chemical properties are impressive, there is growing concern about the toxicological potential of nanoparticles and possible adverse health effects as enhanced exposure of biological systems to nanoparticles may result in toxic effects leading to serious contraindications. Toxicity associated with nanoparticles (nanotoxicity) may include the undesired response of several physiological mechanisms including the distressing of cells by external and internal interaction with nanoparticles. However, comprehensive knowledge of nanotoxicity mechanisms and mitigation strategies may be useful to overcome the hazardous situation while treating diseases with therapeutic nanoparticles. With the same objectives, this review discusses various mechanisms of nanotoxicity and provides an overview of the current state of knowledge on the impact of nanotoxicity on biological control systems and organs including liver, brain, kidneys and lungs. An attempt also been made to present various approaches of scientific research and strategies that could be useful to overcome the effect of nanotoxicity during the development of nanoparticle-based systems including coating, doping, grafting, ligation and addition of antioxidants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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306. Improved production of 1-deoxynojirymicin in Escherichia coli through metabolic engineering.
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Rayamajhi, Vijay, Dhakal, Dipesh, Chaudhary, Amit Kumar, and Sohng, Jae Kyung
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ESCHERICHIA coli ,BIOCHEMICAL engineering ,RIBOSOMAL RNA ,BIOTECHNOLOGY ,POLYSACCHARIDES - Abstract
Azasugars, such as 1-deoxynojirymicin (1-DNJ), are associated with diverse pharmaceutical applications, such as antidiabetic, anti-obesity, anti-HIV, and antitumor properties. Different azasugars have been isolated from diverse microbial and plant sources though complicated purification steps, or generated by costly chemical synthesis processes. But the biosynthesis of such potent molecules using Escherichia coli as a heterologous host provides a broader opportunity to access these molecules, particularly by utilizing synthetic biological, metabolic engineering, and process optimization approaches. This work used an integrated approach of synthetic biology, enzyme engineering, and pathway optimization for rational metabolic engineering, leading to the improved production of 1-DNJ. The production of 1-DNJ in recombinant E. coli culture broth was confirmed by enzymatic assays and mass spectrometric analysis. Specifically, the pathway engineering for its key precursor, fructose-6-phosphate, along with optimized media condition, results in the highest production levels. When combined, 1-DNJ production was extended to ~ 273 mg/L, which is the highest titer of production of 1-DNJ reported using E. coli. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2018
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307. A novel quality by design compliant approach for the determination of albendazole in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage form using RP-HPLC.
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Singh, Bhupendra, Dahiya, Dev Prakash, Saini, Geetanjali, Chaudhary, Amit, Sharma, Anchal, Chaudhary, Praveen, Gupta, Manish, and Chaudhary, Meenu
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DOSAGE forms of drugs , *ALBENDAZOLE , *HIGH performance liquid chromatography , *RF values (Chromatography) , *REVERSE phase liquid chromatography - Abstract
The study conducted in this work is carried out to develop and validate a novel, simple and effective analytical method on RP-HPLC via utilization of the QbD approach. QbD approach not only confirms the robustness of the method but also helps to generate data that is reproducible and reliable. The objective of the current study is to develop and validate a simple analytical RP-HPLC method for the determination of Albendazole in Pharmaceutical formulations using the Analytical Quality by Design approach (AQbd) as per ICH Q8 guidelines. The proposed study was based on the Analytical Quality by Design approach. The chromatographic evaluation of Albendazole was carried out using Inertsil C18 (5 µm) column. The phosphate buffer & Acetonitrile pH 3.5 was used as mobile phase and driven into the column at 1.0 ml/min with an isocratic elution program. The detection wavelength for the estimation of the drug was found to be 254nm. The effect of the mobile phase composition, flow rate, and pH was studied using design expert 11 (Trial version) software. The Albendazole analysis was conducted with a run time of 20 min. The Albendazole was eluted at 17.3 min. During analytical method validation the accuracy, precision, linearity, LOD, and LOQ were determined as per ICH Q2(R1) guidelines. The calibration curve shows good linearity over 2µg/ml to 10µg/ml. The limit of detection (LOD) & Limit of Quantitation (LOQ) was found to be 2.08 µg/ml & 6.09 µg/ml. The study reveals that the Implementation of the QbD approach toward the analytical method development process leads to a more robust method in hands that is truly capable to generate consistent, reliable data of standard level and quality during the life cycle of the process thereby saving time as well as money. Potential risk analysis, technique optimization, get enhanced manifolds in an analytical method when it gets manifested to AQbD. Applying the QbD approach to an analytical method, make the process more reliable, consistent, and less time-consuming than the other RP-HPLC. The Analytical Target Profile (ATP) was to develop the simple, precise & accurate Critical Quality Attributes (CQA) being retention time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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308. readers speak.
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Miles, Pamela, Chaudhary, Amit D., and Zullo, Ed
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The article presents information on an online opinion poll of readers, on whether they have an external spiritual teacher or a guru. 47% people said that they have a guru. Pamela Miles, a reader, has a guru since the past 30 years. 39% say a spiritual teacher is not necessary. One just needs to keep one's eyes and mind open. 14% have not got a guru until now. Ed Zullo, a reader, thinks that when he will be ready, a teacher will appear. His relationships are there to teach him until then.
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- 2007
309. Knowledge and Attitude of Nurses on Implementation of Atraumatic Care among Hospitalized Children in Eastern Nepal: A Cross-sectional Study.
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Mahato, Pramila, Shrestha, Rit, Karn, Basant Kumar, Chaudhary, Amit Kumar, and Singh, Rakesh
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NURSES' attitudes , *HOSPITAL care of children , *MEDICAL personnel , *NURSE practitioners , *DAY care centers - Abstract
Introduction: The modality and quality of care received during hospitalization affects a child's response to their illness. Thus, any intervention delivered by healthcare providers including nurses must be based on principles of atraumatic care. This study aims to assess the knowledge and attitude of nurses in the implementation of atraumatic care among hospitalized children in a tertiary care center in Eastern Nepal. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 106 nurses in a tertiary hospital from 4th January to 1st February 2020. Ethical approval was received from the Institutional Review Committee. Sampling was done by total population enumeration method. Data was collected using a self-administered three-part questionnaire and analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 11.5 by utilizing descriptive statistics. Results: The mean knowledge and attitude of nurses towards implementation of atraumatic care among hospitalized children was found to be 14.90 ± 3.90 and 74.74 ± 7.5 respectively. Out of 106 nurses, 73 (68.90%) had adequate knowledge whereas 56 (52.80%) had favorable attitudes towards principles and implementation of atraumatic care, assessed using reliable scales. Variations due to socio-demographic and professional parameters were insignificant. Conclusions: The study shows that majority of the surveyed nurses had adequate knowledge of the principles of atraumatic care and a favorable attitude towards its application among hospitalized children. However, the measured attitude of nursing practitioners was relatively lower in terms of favorability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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310. A variational theory of zero field electrical resistivity of colossal magnetoresistive manganites (Re1−xAxMnO3).
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Panwar, Sunil, Kumar, Vijay, Chaudhary, Amit, and Singh, Ishwar
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ELECTRICAL resistivity , *MAGNETORESISTIVE devices , *MANGANITE , *METAL-insulator transitions , *RARE earth oxides , *ALKALINE earth metals - Abstract
Using a simple variational method, we have studied the zero field electrical resistivity ρ(T) of rare earth manganites doped with alkaline earths namely Re1−xAxMnO3 which exhibit colossal magnetoresistance (CMR), metal-insulator transition and many other poorly understood phenomena. We take the two band model Hamiltonian for manganites in the strong electron-lattice Jahn-Teller (JT) coupling regime. This model is constructed for the doped manganites which exhibit colossal magnetoresistance (CMR) involving a broad spin-majority (eg-spins) conduction band (b-band) as well as nearly localized spin-minority (t2g-spins) electron states (ℓ-band). Two band models involving itinerant and localized states were also suggested earlier by both experimentalists and theorists. We have also studied the temperature dependence of electrical resistivity ρ(T) at H = 0 of these materials and observed the role of the model parameters e.g. local Coulomb repulsion U, strong ferromagnetic Hund's rule coupling JH between eg and t2g spins and hybridization V between ℓ-polarons and b-electrons of the same spins on ρ(T). We find from the resistivity results that as the temperature is lowered below a critical temperature Tc (~ 200 K), there is a sudden drop in electrical resistivity ρ(T) at H = 0 resembling with the key feature of many CMR compounds like La2/3 (Pb,Ca )1/3MnO3 and (Sm1-yGdy)0.55Sr0.45MnO3 at y = 0.5. This anomaly in ρ(T) arises from the onset of magnetic ordering at 200 K and vanishes on increasing V or JH value. T-dependence of ρ(T) is metallic-like below Tc (~ 200 K), above which it shows insulator/semiconducting-like behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2014
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311. Identification of vaccine targets in pathogens and design of a vaccine using computational approaches.
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Rawal, Kamal, Sinha, Robin, Abbasi, Bilal Ahmed, Chaudhary, Amit, Nath, Swarsat Kaushik, Kumari, Priya, Preeti, P., Saraf, Devansh, Singh, Shachee, Mishra, Kartik, Gupta, Pranjay, Mishra, Astha, Sharma, Trapti, Gupta, Srijanee, Singh, Prashant, Sood, Shriya, Subramani, Preeti, Dubey, Aman Kumar, Strych, Ulrich, and Hotez, Peter J.
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COVID-19 vaccines , *DEEP learning , *PLASMODIUM falciparum , *PATHOGENIC microorganisms , *MICROBIAL virulence - Abstract
Antigen identification is an important step in the vaccine development process. Computational approaches including deep learning systems can play an important role in the identification of vaccine targets using genomic and proteomic information. Here, we present a new computational system to discover and analyse novel vaccine targets leading to the design of a multi-epitope subunit vaccine candidate. The system incorporates reverse vaccinology and immuno-informatics tools to screen genomic and proteomic datasets of several pathogens such as Trypanosoma cruzi, Plasmodium falciparum, and Vibrio cholerae to identify potential vaccine candidates (PVC). Further, as a case study, we performed a detailed analysis of the genomic and proteomic dataset of T. cruzi (CL Brenner and Y strain) to shortlist eight proteins as possible vaccine antigen candidates using properties such as secretory/surface-exposed nature, low transmembrane helix (< 2), essentiality, virulence, antigenic, and non-homology with host/gut flora proteins. Subsequently, highly antigenic and immunogenic MHC class I, MHC class II and B cell epitopes were extracted from top-ranking vaccine targets. The designed vaccine construct containing 24 epitopes, 3 adjuvants, and 4 linkers was analysed for its physicochemical properties using different tools, including docking analysis. Immunological simulation studies suggested significant levels of T-helper, T-cytotoxic cells, and IgG1 will be elicited upon administration of such a putative multi-epitope vaccine construct. The vaccine construct is predicted to be soluble, stable, non-allergenic, non-toxic, and to offer cross-protection against related Trypanosoma species and strains. Further, studies are required to validate safety and immunogenicity of the vaccine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2021
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312. Implication of orphan histidine kinase (OhkAsp) in biosynthesis of doxorubicin and daunorubicin in Streptomyces peucetius ATCC 27952.
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Pokhrel, Anaya Raj, Nguyen, Hue Thi, Dhakal, Dipesh, Chaudhary, Amit Kumar, and Sohng, Jae Kyung
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BIOSYNTHESIS , *DOXORUBICIN , *DAUNOMYCIN , *STREPTOMYCES , *HISTIDINE kinases - Abstract
The orphan histidine kinase (HK) from Streptomyces peucetius ATCC 27952 ( ohkAsp ) was found to be implicated in the regulation of doxorubicin (DOX)/daunorubicin (DNR) biosynthesis, self-defense and developmental attributes. OhkAsp is a homolog of OhkA from Streptomyces coelicolor and Streptomyces avermitilis (with 73 and 75% identity). As in its homologs, S. peucetius mutant with deletion of ohkAsp was found to enhance metabolite biosynthesis and impaired the morphological differentiation. But, unlike its homologs from Streptomyces coelicolor and Streptomyces avermitilis, differential enhancement in level of secondary metabolite production was found in overexpression mutants apart from deletion mutant. The deflection in characteristics of OhkA in its homologue from S. peucetius ATCC 27952, and its imminent implications was monitered by making various mutants with differential expression level of ohkAsp . The variations were observed in the morphology of mutants, transcriptional level of effectors and regulators of DOX/DNR biosynthesis pathway, DOX/DNR precursor pool and biomass accumulation. Based on comparisons of domain arrangements among its homologs, Low Complexity Region (LCR) present on the OhkAsp was the only domain that stood out. Further, the LCR on OhkAsp was found to be overlapping with a putative receiver domain responsible for interaction with response regulator. The imminent implications of differential expression level of ohkAsp on: regulation and biosynthesis of DOX/DNR, morphological differentiation, DOX/DNR precursor pool and biomass accumulation were explored in this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2018
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313. Tumor stroma-targeted antibody-drug conjugate triggers localized anticancer drug release.
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Szot, Christopher, Saha, Saurabh, Zhang, Xiaoyan M., Zhongyu Zhu, Hilton, Mary Beth, Morris, Karen, Seaman, Steven, Dunleavey, James M., Kuo-Sheng Hsu, Guo-Jun Yu, Morris, Holly, Swing, Deborah A., Haines, Diana C., Yanping Wang, Hwang, Jennifer, Yang Feng, Welsch, Dean, DeCrescenzo, Gary, Chaudhary, Amit, and Zudaire, Enrique
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STROMAL cells , *CONNECTIVE tissue cells , *TUMORS , *ANTIBODY-drug conjugates , *IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY - Abstract
Although nonmalignant stromal cells facilitate tumor growth and can occupy up to 90% of a solid tumor mass, better strategies to exploit these cells for improved cancer therapy are needed. Here, we describe a potent MMAE-linked antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) targeting tumor endothelial marker 8 (TEM8, also known as ANTXR1), a highly conserved transmembrane receptor broadly overexpressed on cancer-associated fibroblasts, endothelium, and pericytes. Anti-TEM8 ADC elicited potent anticancer activity through an unexpected killing mechanism we term DAaRTS (drug activation and release through stroma), whereby the tumor microenvironment localizes active drug at the tumor site. Following capture of ADC prodrug from the circulation, tumor-associated stromal cells release active MMAE free drug, killing nearby proliferating tumor cells in a target-independent manner. In preclinical studies, ADC treatment was well tolerated and induced regression and often eradication of multiple solid tumor types, blocked metastatic growth, and prolonged overall survival. By exploiting TEM8+ tumor stroma for targeted drug activation, these studies reveal a drug delivery strategy with potential to augment therapies against multiple cancer types. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
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314. ORG-317 Repurposing as a Potential Agonist Targeting TMEM236 in Colorectal Cancer Treatment: Insights from Molecular Dynamics Simulation, Principal Component Analysis, and Free Energy Landscape Study.
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Maurya NS, Kushwah S, Chaudhary A, Patel K, Shukla S, and Mani A
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Background and objective: Colorectal Cancer (CRC) affects the colon and rectum part of the digestive system and is a significant global health concern, with approximately 1.1 million new cases annually. It ranks second in cancer-related deaths. Studies have shown future projections of CRC cases to enhance at a worrisome rate, estimating 3.2 million new cases and 1.6 million deaths worldwide by 2040. Studies have shown the downregulation of TMEM236 in CRC, and this study aimed to find the agonist to restore the function of TMEM236 via the drug repurposing method.
Methods: The different molecular and structural level analyses were performed to understand how the TMEM236 expression can be restored. To obtain the molecular level data, the following analyses were employed to understand the binding affinity and agonistic behaviour of the screened drugs: molecular docking, oral toxicity prediction, Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulation, Free Energy Landscape (FEL) analysis, and g_mmpbsa.
Results: The molecular docking, oral toxicity, and molecular interaction analyses have identified db06435, db05423, and db15197 drugs from the DrugBank database to either belong to an approved or investigational class of drugs as a potential agonist for TMEM236. The MD simulation and PCA analysis had shown db05423 (ORG-317) to exhibit stable interaction with TMEM236 protein. Similar results were obtained through FEL analysis.
Conclusion: The downregulation of TMEM236 expression and its constant binding affinity with db05423 during MD simulation suggest that this drug may restore the diminished function and expression of TMEM236. Additionally, it could function as an agonist and can be used for CRC treatment.
., (Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.)- Published
- 2024
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315. A Global Bibliometric Analysis of the Top 100 Most Cited Articles on Early Thoracotomy and Decortication in Pleural Empyema.
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Bhende VV, Chaudhary A, Madhusudan S, Patel VB, Krishnakumar M, Kumar A, Patel SU, Roy S, Gandhi BA, Mankad SP, Sharma AS, Trasadiya JP, and Patel MR
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Most pleural empyema cases are linked to pneumonia, a substantial fraction of patients present with empyema without any association to pneumonia. The occurrence of empyema caused by tuberculosis (TB) is increasing in regions where TB is prevalent. In May 2024, a bibliometric analysis was conducted involving the screening of 7,620 articles sourced from Google Scholar. Google Scholar was selected for its comprehensive nature, encompassing articles indexed in prominent databases like Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed. This allowed access to significant studies that might be overlooked if they were not indexed by these databases. Articles were selected based on their citation count and specific inclusion criteria, focusing on early thoracotomy and decortication in pleural empyema. Two authors (VB and MK) independently conducted a thorough screening and data collection. The hundred top articles published from 1945 to 2015, garnered a total of 16,928 citations. These articles were written by 93 distinct first authors from 22 countries and 83 institutions, and were featured in 35 journals. The primary categories of literature included those describing the disease characteristics, features, causes, and types of pleural empyema, as well as various treatment modalities and management strategies, each constituting 37% of the literature. Additionally, pediatric empyema was a focus in 11% of the articles. The present analysis highlights publication trends, identifies gaps in the literature, and suggests areas for future research, serving as a valuable resource for guiding upcoming studies on early thoracotomy and decortication in pleural empyema., Competing Interests: Conflicts of interest: In compliance with the ICMJE uniform disclosure form, all authors declare the following: Payment/services info: All authors have declared that no financial support was received from any organization for the submitted work. Financial relationships: All authors have declared that they have no financial relationships at present or within the previous three years with any organizations that might have an interest in the submitted work. Other relationships: All authors have declared that there are no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work., (Copyright © 2024, Bhende et al.)
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- 2024
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316. Betulin-NLC-hydrogel for the Treatment of Psoriasis-like Skin Inflammation: Optimization, Characterisation, and In vitro and In vivo Evaluation.
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Prakash D, Chaudhary A, and Chaudhary A
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Purpose: Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder that poses significant challenges regarding effective and targeted drug delivery. Bioactive substances like betulin have shown tremendous utility in treating these conditions; however, they pose limited utility owing to their physicochemical characteristics. Here, we aimed to develop a novel topical dosage form for treating psoriasis, utilising betulin-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (NLCs) incorporated into a hydrogel matrix., Methods: The optimization of the formulation was meticulously conducted using a design of experiments methodology, and its diverse physicochemical attributes were thoroughly examined. Evaluating betulin's in vitro release pattern from the NLC-hydrogel demonstrated consistent and regulated drug release properties. Additionally, the formulation demonstrated improved skin penetration abilities as determined by in vitro skin permeation experiments employing Franz diffusion cells- furthermore, the therapeutic effectiveness of the betulin-NLC-hydrogel was assessed by an in vivo experiment carried out using an imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like skin inflammation model in BALB/c female mice., Results: The NLCs exhibited a pH of 5.67±0.86, particle size of 148.16±12.66 nm, and zeta potential of -22.84±2.37 mV, ensuring stability and suitability for topical use. The gel, with a pH of 6.05±0.43 and viscosity of 17550±120 cPs, showed enhanced skin hydration and lipid restoration. Drug release studies indicated a slower release from NLCs and gel, improving skin retention. Stability tests revealed that the formulations were stable at room temperature but not at elevated temperatures. The in vitro safety profile of the formulation revealed no significant adverse effects on HaCaT cell lines. The NLC gel demonstrated significant anti-psoriatic activity, reducing inflammation and cytokine levels., Conclusion: The betulin-NLC-hydrogel formulation exhibited promising characteristics for the topical treatment of psoriasis, showcasing optimised drug delivery, sustained release, and notable therapeutic efficacy. The findings from this study provide a foundation for the potential clinical translation of this innovative topical dosage form for improved psoriasis management., (Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.)
- Published
- 2024
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317. Firearm Injuries in Children: Four-year Experience from a Rural Tertiary Care Centre of Northern India.
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Chaudhary A, Rahman RA, Alim M, Gupta UK, and Gupta SK
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Background: Firearm injuries (FAIs) continue to be a global public health problem possessing substantial emotional, physical and financial burdens on hospital resources. Although FAIs are rare in children, their incidence is gradually increasing., Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate various aspects of FAI in children that were managed at a tertiary care centre located in the rural part of India., Materials and Methods: This clinical observational study of children <18 years of age, all due to FAI, was conducted at a tertiary care centre located in the rural part of India. Data of all children admitted with FAI over 4 years from January 2016 to December 2019 were collected. Recorded data included age, sex, motive (intentional/unintentional) and circumstances leading to injury, type and license status of firearm used, time of injury, pre-hospital care, mode of transport to hospital, duration between injury and arrival to hospital, body parts and organs injured, trauma scores, management, complications, length of hospital stay and outcomes. The recorded data were entered into a worksheet and analysed., Results: Out of 283 cases of FAI admitted, only 24 were children with age <18 years (8.48%). The mean age was 12.66 years (male:female = 2.4:1). Sixteen were intentional (66.67%) and eight were unintentional (33.33%). The family feud was the most common reason in case of intentional FAI (43.75%), and mishandling was the most common reason in case of unintentional FAI. Country made gun was the most common firearm used (62.5%). The chest and upper back were the most common sites of injury (54.16%). Intercostal drainage tube insertion was the most common surgical procedure performed (33.33%). There were three mortalities (12.5%)., Conclusion: The present study found that intentional FAIs in children were more common than unintentional FAIs with family feuds and mishandling being the most common causes, respectively. The unlicensed country-made gun was the most common firearm causing injury in children., (Copyright © 2024 Copyright: © 2024 African Journal of Paediatric Surgery.)
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- 2024
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318. Interactive Quiz-Based Anatomy Teaching for Medical Undergraduate Students.
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Verma A, Pasricha N, Chaudhary A, Bhatnagar R, Sthapak E, and Gaharwar A
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Background: Anatomy is one of the most volatile subjects and needs the learner to understand and retain a lot of information and terms. It is thus very important to continuously upgrade the methodology from the traditional didactive to interactive teaching to make the student an active learner and engage him in the learning process to categorize and analyze anatomical facts and knowledge., Aims and Objectives: The study was done to compare the learning outcomes and perception of medical students towards didactic lectures and interactive quiz-based lectures in anatomy., Methodology: The study was conducted amongst the 200 Year 1 medical undergraduate students enrolled in the Department of Anatomy at Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Institute of Medical Sciences, located in Lucknow, India. The 200 students comprised 120 males (60%) and 80 females (40%). The mean age of male students was 19.67 years and of females was 19.52 years. The students were divided into two groups of hundred students each by a method of convenience sampling. Students of group I were taught by an interactive quiz-based lecture and group II by a traditional didactic lecture. A pre- and post-test were conducted for both groups and feedback for both methods was taken by using a pre-validated feedback form based on a 5-point Likert scale., Results: On statistical analysis, it was found that in the post-test the performance of group I taught by the interactive quiz-based study was better as compared to group II taught by traditional didactive teaching, but was not statistically significant (p=0.233, p>0.05). The feedback from students revealed that 45.9% of them strongly agreed and 44.9% agreed with the fact that quiz-based lectures are better than routine lectures., Conclusions: Results of the present study clearly indicate that the introduction of quiz-based anatomy teaching for undergraduate medical students was well received and appeared to improve their learning outcomes in the form of increased attention and participation during class and would lead to better retention of the topics taught during interactive lectures. To the best of our knowledge, no previous study has been done to document the efficacy of quiz-based teaching for the subject of anatomy., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright © 2024, Verma et al.)
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- 2024
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319. Emulgels: a promising topical drug delivery system for arthritis management and care.
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Sinha A, Garg U, Nagaich U, Chaudhary A, Pandey M, and Jain N
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- Humans, Gels, Drug Delivery Systems, Arthritis drug therapy
- Abstract
Background: Emulgels, hybrid formulations of emulsions and gels, offer distinct benefits viz. extended release, enhanced bioavailability, and targeted drug delivery to inflamed joints, thereby minimizing systemic side effects, and maximizing therapeutic efficacy in targeting the diseases. Oral medications and topical creams have limitations viz. limited permeation, efficacy, and side effects. Arthritis is a prevalent chronic inflammatory disorder affecting a substantial global population of about 350 million necessitating the exploration of innovative and effective treatment approaches. Inflammation of one or more joints in the body is referred to generally as arthritis, associated with joint discomfort, edema, stiffness, and decreased motion in the joints., Main Part: Emulgels further improve drug solubility and penetration into the affected tissues, augmenting the potential for disease-modifying effects. This review article comprehensively examines recent research for the potential of emulgels (micro- and nanoemulgels) as a potential therapeutic approach for arthritis management, thus showcasing their promising potential in precise treatment regimens. Despite the considerable progress in emulgel-based arthritis therapies, the review emphasizes the need for additional research and translation to clinical trials, thus ascertaining their long-term safety, efficacy, and cost-effectiveness compared to conventional treatments., Conclusion: With ongoing advancements in drug delivery, emulgels present an exciting frontier in arthritis-associated conditions, with the potential to revolutionize arthritis treatment and significantly enhance patient life's quality.
- Published
- 2024
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- View/download PDF
320. Prevalence of alexithymia among medical students in Nepal: A cross-sectional study based on a self-administered questionnaire.
- Author
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Karki S, Shrestha O, Thapa N, Gupta S, Chaudhary A, Yadav A, and Manandhar P
- Abstract
Background and Aims: Alexithymia is a state in which one cannot comprehend and put their emotions or feelings into words. It is a disturbance that is common among general population as well as people with mental health disorders. Medical students are at higher risk of developing alexithymia due to the extensive nature of their course and clinical postings. The presence of alexithymia is negatively correlated with the self-efficacy of the students eventually affecting self-care and patient care in the future. The aim of this study is to find the prevalence of alexithymia among medical students in Nepal and know its associated factors., Methods: This cross-sectional study used convenient sampling for selecting responders and the TAS-20 tool for data collection. Data were analyzed by using SPSS 20. Frequency was calculated for all the variables. Prevalence with 95% confidence interval [CI] is reported and the χ
2 test is used to see the difference in alexithymia status among different categories of dichotomous independent variables., Results: Out of 386 students, 380 of them responded. The ratio of male and female was 1.8 with the mean age of 22.22 ± 1.77 years. The prevalence of alexithymia was found to be 22.89% (95% CI, 18.9-27.1). There was no statistically significant difference between the presence and absence of alexithymia among categories of sex, year of study, staying at hostel, involvement in extracurricular activities, involvement in daily exercise/yoga/outdoor sports, and smoking habit., Conclusion: The prevalence of alexithymia in our study was 22.89% with no association with known factors., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest., (© 2023 The Authors. Health Science Reports published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.)- Published
- 2023
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321. Correlating multi-functional role of cold shock domain proteins with intrinsically disordered regions.
- Author
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Chaudhary A, Chaurasia PK, Kushwaha S, Chauhan P, Chawade A, and Mani A
- Subjects
- Bacterial Proteins chemistry, Cold Temperature, Humans, Protein Structure, Secondary, RNA, Messenger genetics, Cold Shock Proteins and Peptides chemistry, Cold-Shock Response, Intrinsically Disordered Proteins chemistry
- Abstract
Cold shock proteins (CSPs) are an ancient and conserved family of proteins. They are renowned for their role in response to low-temperature stress in bacteria and nucleic acid binding activities. In prokaryotes, cold and non-cold inducible CSPs are involved in various cellular and metabolic processes such as growth and development, osmotic oxidation, starvation, stress tolerance, and host cell invasion. In prokaryotes, cold shock condition reduces cell transcription and translation efficiency. Eukaryotic cold shock domain (CSD) proteins are evolved form of prokaryotic CSPs where CSD is flanked by N- and C-terminal domains. Eukaryotic CSPs are multi-functional proteins. CSPs also act as nucleic acid chaperons by preventing the formation of secondary structures in mRNA at low temperatures. In human, CSD proteins play a crucial role in the progression of breast cancer, colon cancer, lung cancer, and Alzheimer's disease. A well-defined three-dimensional structure of intrinsically disordered regions of CSPs family members is still undetermined. In this article, intrinsic disorder regions of CSPs have been explored systematically to understand the pleiotropic role of the cold shock family of proteins., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors report no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
322. Aβ peptides stabilize GPCRs in inactive form and trigger inverse agonism in Alzheimer's disease.
- Author
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Chaudhary A and Mani A
- Subjects
- Amyloid beta-Peptides, Cognition, Humans, Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled, Synaptic Transmission, Alzheimer Disease drug therapy
- Abstract
Several G-protein coupled receptors (GPCR) are upregulated in Alzheimer's Disease (AD), which ought to facilitate neurotransmission, and improve cognition. Yet, despite this upregulation, associated physiological effects are not observed in AD patients. This paradox solicits urgent attention to find a suitable justification for disturbed neurotransmission in AD. This article focuses on the role of Aβ granules and their possible interaction with GPCRs that modulate neurotransmission and AD progression., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare no conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier B.V. and Société Française de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire (SFBBM). All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
323. A Review on Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD): Symptoms, Therapies and Recent Case Studies.
- Author
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Thakur A, Choudhary D, Kumar B, and Chaudhary A
- Subjects
- Humans, Risk Factors, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic diagnosis, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic drug therapy
- Abstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), previously known as battle fatigue syndrome or shell shock, is a severe mental disturbance condition that is normally triggered by the experience of some frightening/scary events or trauma where a person undergoes some serious physical or mental harm or threatened. PTSD is a long-life effect of the continuous occurrence of traumatic conditions, leading to the production of feelings of helplessness, intense fear, and horror in the person. There are various examples of events that can cause PTSD, such as physical, mental, or sexual assault at home or working place by others, unexpected death of a loved one, an accidental event, war, or some kind of natural disaster. Treatment of PTSD includes the removal or reduction of these emotional feelings or symptoms with the aim to improve the daily life functioning of a person. Problems which are needed to be considered in case of PTSD like ongoing trauma, abusive or bad relationships. Various drugs which are used for the treatment of PTSD include selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) (citalopram, fluvoxamine, fluoxetine, etc.); tricyclic antidepressants (amitriptyline and isocarboxazid); mood stabilizers (Divalproex and lamotrigine); atypical antipsychotics (aripiprazole and quetiapine), etc. In this review, we have covered the different risk factors, case studies related to various treatment options with different age group of peoples with PTSD and their effects on them. We have also covered the symptoms and associated disorders which can play a key role in the development of PTSD., (Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
324. Casuarictin: A new herbal drug molecule for Alzheimer's disease as inhibitor of presenilin stabilization factor like protein.
- Author
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Kumari R, Chaudhary A, and Mani A
- Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder. In this disease neurodegeneration occurs due to deposition of aggregated amyloid-beta plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (hyperphosphorylated tau proteins). Present study focuses on interaction of different phytochemicals with presenilin stabilization factor like protein (PSFL). PSFL protein is known to stabilize Presenilin, which is mainly involved in intramembrane hydrolysis of selected type- I membrane proteins, including amyloid-beta precursor protein, and produces amyloid-beta protein. Amyloid-beta are small peptides comprising of 36-43 amino acids, which play a significant role in senile plaques formation in the brains of Alzheimer patients. Virtual screening and docking of phytochemicals with PSFL protein was done to find the potential inhibitor. Based on binding affinity, docked energy and molecular dynamics simulations, three phytochemicals namely Saponin, Casuarictin, and Enoxolone, were identified as potential inhibitors for the target protein., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest., (© 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)
- Published
- 2020
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325. Surgical options in the management of landmine blast injuries of lower limb: a randomised prospective study.
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Varma R, Arora NC, Rai S, Chaudhary A, and Wani S
- Subjects
- Adult, Child, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Prospective Studies, Surgical Flaps, Young Adult, Amputation, Surgical methods, Blast Injuries surgery, Debridement, Lower Extremity surgery
- Abstract
Landmine blast injuries are high velocity shattering injuries that produce ghastly and gory wounds, presenting a dilemma to the treating surgeon, especially when the literature on this subject is limited. The aim of the present study is to enlist various surgical procedures that can be explored to treat such complex injuries. 60 cases having varied degrees of involvement of the lower limb from mine blasts were managed. Surgical treatment was tailored to the individual requirement depending on the extent and severity of injury. Serial surgical wound debridement was an integral part of all these procedures. Limb length preservation was possible in 70% cases. A combination of surgical approaches and procedures from fixation to different types of amputations can be employed for treating mine blast injuries to maximise residual limb function.
- Published
- 2019
326. Impact of miRNA-mRNA Profiling and Their Correlation on Medulloblastoma Tumorigenesis.
- Author
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Kumar V, Kumar V, Chaudhary AK, Coulter DW, McGuire T, and Mahato RI
- Abstract
Medulloblastoma (MB) is a clinically challenging, childhood brain tumor with a diverse genetic makeup and differential miRNA profile. Aiming to identify deregulated miRNAs in MB, the miRNA expression profile of human MB samples was compared to that of normal cerebellar tissues. As a result, 8 upregulated and 64 downregulated miRNAs were identified in MB samples. Although various algorithms have been developed to predict the interaction between miRNA-mRNA pairs, the complexity and fidelity of miRNA-mRNA remain a concern. Therefore, to identify the signatures of miRNA-mRNA interactions essential for MB pathogenesis, miRNA profiling, RNA sequencing, and ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) were performed in the same primary human MB samples. Further, when miR-217 was inhibited, a significant upregulation of predicted target genes SIRT1, ROBO1, FOXO3, and SMAD7 in HDMB03 cells was observed, confirming the validity of our approach. Functional analysis revealed that the inhibition of miR-217 in HDMB03 cells suppresses colony formation, migration, invasion, promoted apoptosis, and arrested cell population in S phase, indicating that manipulation of miR-217 may have a therapeutic potential for MB patients. Therefore, our study provides an essential platform for future investigations of specific miRNAs responsible for MB pathogenesis., (Copyright © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
327. Engineering co-culture system for production of apigetrin in Escherichia coli.
- Author
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Thuan NH, Chaudhary AK, Van Cuong D, and Cuong NX
- Subjects
- Acyltransferases metabolism, Chemistry, Pharmaceutical, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, Coenzyme A Ligases metabolism, Coumaric Acids, DNA, Recombinant, Escherichia coli genetics, Isomerases metabolism, Mixed Function Oxygenases metabolism, Plasmids metabolism, Propionates, Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization, Temperature, Apigenin biosynthesis, Coculture Techniques, Escherichia coli metabolism, Industrial Microbiology, Metabolic Engineering
- Abstract
Microbial cells have extensively been utilized to produce value-added bioactive compounds. Based on advancement in protein engineering, DNA recombinant technology, genome engineering, and metabolic remodeling, the microbes can be re-engineered to produce industrially and medicinally important platform chemicals. The emergence of co-culture system which reduces the metabolic burden and allows parallel optimization of the engineered pathway in a modular fashion restricting the formation of undesired byproducts has become an alternative way to synthesize and produce bioactive compounds. In this study, we present genetically engineered E. coli-based co-culture system to the de novo synthesis of apigetrin (APG), an apigenin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside of apigenin. The culture system consists of an upstream module including 4-coumarate: CoA ligase (4CL), chalcone synthase, chalcone flavanone isomerase (CHS, CHI), and flavone synthase I (FNSI) to synthesize apigenin (API) from p-coumaric acid (PCA). Whereas, the downstream system contains a metabolizing module to enhance the production of UDP-glucose and expression of glycosyltransferase (PaGT3) to convert API into APG. To accomplish this improvement in titer, the initial inoculum ratio of strains for making the co-culture system, temperature, and media component was optimized. Following large-scale production, a yield of 38.5 µM (16.6 mg/L) of APG was achieved. In overall, this study provided an efficient tool to synthesize bioactive compounds in microbial cells.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
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328. Eradication of Tumors through Simultaneous Ablation of CD276/B7-H3-Positive Tumor Cells and Tumor Vasculature.
- Author
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Seaman S, Zhu Z, Saha S, Zhang XM, Yang MY, Hilton MB, Morris K, Szot C, Morris H, Swing DA, Tessarollo L, Smith SW, Degrado S, Borkin D, Jain N, Scheiermann J, Feng Y, Wang Y, Li J, Welsch D, DeCrescenzo G, Chaudhary A, Zudaire E, Klarmann KD, Keller JR, Dimitrov DS, and St Croix B
- Subjects
- Animals, Antineoplastic Agents immunology, Antineoplastic Agents pharmacology, B7 Antigens immunology, Benzodiazepines pharmacology, Blood Vessels metabolism, Blood Vessels pathology, Cell Line, Tumor, Endothelium, Vascular drug effects, Endothelium, Vascular pathology, Female, Humans, Immunoconjugates immunology, Male, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Mice, Knockout, Mice, Transgenic, Molecular Targeted Therapy methods, Neoplasms pathology, Neoplasms therapy, Oligopeptides pharmacology, Pyrroles pharmacology, Rabbits, B7 Antigens genetics, B7 Antigens metabolism, Immunoconjugates pharmacology, Neoplasms blood supply
- Abstract
Targeting the tumor vasculature with antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) is a promising anti-cancer strategy that in order to be realized must overcome several obstacles, including identification of suitable targets and optimal warheads. Here, we demonstrate that the cell-surface protein CD276/B7-H3 is broadly overexpressed by multiple tumor types on both cancer cells and tumor-infiltrating blood vessels, making it a potentially ideal dual-compartment therapeutic target. In preclinical studies CD276 ADCs armed with a conventional MMAE warhead destroyed CD276-positive cancer cells, but were ineffective against tumor vasculature. In contrast, pyrrolobenzodiazepine-conjugated CD276 ADCs killed both cancer cells and tumor vasculature, eradicating large established tumors and metastases, and improving long-term overall survival. CD276-targeted dual-compartment ablation could aid in the development of highly selective broad-acting anti-cancer therapies., (Published by Elsevier Inc.)
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
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329. Metabolic engineering of rational screened Saccharopolyspora spinosa for the enhancement of spinosyns A and D production.
- Author
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Jha AK, Pokhrel AR, Chaudhary AK, Park SW, Cho WJ, and Sohng JK
- Subjects
- Animals, Drug Combinations, Humans, Insect Control methods, Insecticides chemistry, Macrolides chemistry, Methionine Adenosyltransferase genetics, Methionine Adenosyltransferase metabolism, Nucleotidyltransferases genetics, Nucleotidyltransferases metabolism, Saccharopolyspora genetics, Saccharopolyspora isolation & purification, Transgenes, Insecticides metabolism, Macrolides metabolism, Metabolic Engineering methods, Saccharopolyspora enzymology
- Abstract
Spinosyns A and D are potent ingredient for insect control with exceptional safety to non-target organisms. It consists of a 21-carbon tetracyclic lactone with forosamine and tri-O-methylated rhamnose which are derived from S-adenosylmethionine. Although previous studies have revealed the involvement of metK1 (S-adenosylmethionine synthetase), rmbA (glucose-1-phosphate thymidylyltransferase), and rmbB (TDP-D-glucose-4, 6-dehydratase) in the biosynthesis of spinosad, expression of these genes into rational screened Saccharopolyspora spinosa (S. spinosa MUV) has not been elucidated till date. In the present study, S. spinosa MUV was developed to utilize for metabolic engineering. The yield of spinosyns A and D in S. spinosa MUV was 244 mg L(-1) and 129 mg L(-1), which was 4.88-fold and 4.77-fold higher than that in the wild-type (50 mg L(-1) and 27 mg L(-1)), respectively. To achieve the better production; positive regulator metK1-sp, rmbA and rmbB genes from Streptomyces peucetius, were expressed and co-expressed in S. spinosa MUV under the control of strong ermE* promoter, using an integration vector pSET152 and expression vector pIBR25, respectively. Herewith, the genetically engineered strain of S. spinosa MUV, produce spinosyns A and D up to 372/217 mg L(-1) that is 7.44/8.03-fold greater than that of wild type. This result demonstrates the use of metabolic engineering on rationally developed high producing natural variants for the production.
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
330. OPCAB in acute coronary syndrome: predictors of intra-aortic balloon pump use.
- Author
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Chaudhary A, Pande S, Agarwal SK, Dhir U, and Tewari S
- Subjects
- Acute Coronary Syndrome diagnostic imaging, Acute Coronary Syndrome surgery, Adult, Aged, Confidence Intervals, Female, Humans, Incidence, Logistic Models, Male, Middle Aged, Mitral Valve Insufficiency, Multivariate Analysis, Odds Ratio, Risk Factors, Statistics as Topic, Time Factors, Ultrasonography, Acute Coronary Syndrome therapy, Intra-Aortic Balloon Pumping statistics & numerical data
- Abstract
Aim: Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients undergoing offpump coronary artery bypass (OPCAB) often require intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) support. Indications and timing of IABP insertion are controversial. A study was done to determine criteria for predicting the use of IABP in these patients., Method: 46 patients were operated for ACS within one week of event between January 2004 and July 2006 and categorized into, Unstable angina (UA) (n=25), with ongoing pain after late admission to emergency room (>6 hours) and acute myocardial infarction (AMI) (n=21) with AMI within 7 days of event., Results: There was no statistical difference in the demographic data of two groups. UA group had higher incidence of mitral regurgitation preoperatively (p = 0.004) which improved postoperatively (p = 0.1). IABP was usedpreoperatively more in AMI group (10 vs. 6, p = 0.03). Multivariate analysis revealed pressure ratio of mean pulmonary and systemic arteries as a predictor of IABP use (p = 0.01, odds ratio 19.4, 95% CI 1.9-190). There is a significant positive correlation (r = 0.519) between IABP use and ratio of mean pulmonary and systemic arterial pressures (p = 0.004) with cutoff value at 0.40., Conclusion: Ratio of mean pulmonary and systemic artery of > 0.40 indicates preoperative use of IABP to complete the operation safely.
- Published
- 2009
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