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Contents: Preface Introduction: modelling Bohemond's march to Thessalonike, John H. Pryor The logistics of the Mongol-Mamluk war, with special reference to the battle of Wadi 'l-Khaznadar, 1299 C.E., Reuven Amitai Crusader logistics: from victory at Nicaea to resupply at Dorylaion, Bernard S. Bachrach Ship types and fleet composition at Genoa and Venice in the early 13th century, John E. Dotson Logistics and the Second Crusade, John France Harbours and facilities along the eastern Mediterranean sea lanes to Outremer, Ruthy Gertwagen Provisioning Peter the Hermit: from Cologne to Constantinople, 1096, Charles R. Glasheen Roads and communications in the Byzantine Empire: wagons, horses, and supplies, John Haldon Reflections on maps, crusading, and logistics, Benjamin Z. Kedar Infantry in Muslim armies during the Crusades, Yaacov Lev Food and the Fourth Crusade: a new approach to the 'diversion question', Thomas F. Madden Money and logistics in the forces of the First Crusade: coinage, bullion, service, and supply 1096-99, Alan V. Murray The Northern Crusaders: the logistics of English and other Northern Crusader fleets, Richard W. Unger Digest, John H. Pryor Glossary of technical terminology Selective gazetteer Consolidated bibliography Index.

The origins of nano-scale oxide inclusions in 316L austenitic stainless steel (SS) manufactured by laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) was investigated by quantifying the possible intrusion pathways of oxygen contained in the precursor powder, extraneous oxygen from the process environment during laser processing, and moisture contamination during powder handling and storage. When processing the fresh, as-received powder in a well-controlled environment, the oxide inclusions contained in the precursor powder were the primary contributors to the formation of nano-scale oxides in the final additive manufactured (AM) product. These oxide inclusions were found to be enriched with oxygen getter elements like Si and Mn. By controlling the extraneous oxygen level in the process environment, the oxygen level in AM produced parts was found to increase with the extraneous oxygen level. The intrusion pathway of this extra oxygen was found to be dominated by the incorporation of spatter particles into the build during processing. Moisture induced oxidation during powder storage was also found to result in a higher oxide density in the AM produced parts. SS 316L powder free of Si and Mn oxygen getters was processed in a well-controlled environment and resulted in a similar level of oxygen intrusion. Microhardness testing indicated that the oxide volume fraction increase from extraneous oxygen did not influence hardness values. However, a marked decrease in hardness was found for the humidified and Si-Mn free AM processed parts.

Patellofemoral pain affects a large proportion of the population, from adolescents to older adults, and carries a substantial personal and societal burden. An international group of scientists and clinicians meets biennially at the International Patellofemoral Research Retreat to share research findings related to patellofemoral pain conditions, and develop consensus statements using best practice methods. This consensus statement, from the 5th International Patellofemoral Research Retreat held in Australia in July 2017, focuses on exercise therapy and physical interventions (e.g. orthoses, taping, manual therapy) for patellofemoral pain. Literature searches were conducted to identify new systematic reviews and randomised clinical trials (RCTs) published since the 2016 Consensus Statement. The methodological quality of included systematic reviews and RCTs was graded using AMSTAR and PEDro, respectively. Evidence-based statements were developed from included papers, and presented to a panel of 41 patellofemoral pain experts for consensus discussion and voting. Recommendations from the expert panel support the use of exercise therapy (especially the combination of hip- and knee-focused exercises), combined interventions, and foot orthoses to improve pain and/or function in people with patellofemoral pain. The use of patellofemoral, knee or lumbar mobilisations in isolation, or electrophysical agents, is not recommended. There is uncertainty regarding the use of patellar taping/bracing, acupuncture/dry needling, manual soft tissue techniques, blood flow restriction training, and gait retraining in patients with patellofemoral pain. In 2017, we launched the International Patellofemoral Research Network (www.ipfrn.org), to consolidate and grow our patellofemoral research community, facilitate collaboration, and disseminate patellofemoral pain knowledge to clinicians and the general public. The 6th International Patellofemoral Research Retreat will be held in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States, in October 2019.

In this study, a new experimental method is proposed to measure the real area of contact between a ceramic sphere and an Al surface based on the adhesive transfer of the Au film and the scanning electron microscope (SEM) in the back-scattered mode. A thin film of Au is sputtered on the ceramic sphere before the indentation with the Al surface. The success of this method relies on the fundamental assumption that the adhesive transfer of Au only occurs everywhere inside the contact area. A thin polymer (PMMA) film is deposited between gold film and the ceramic surface to further reduce adhesive strength. After indentation, the interfaces of the ceramic sphere and Al surface are observed by SEM. Experimental evidence that the adhesive transfer of the Au film occurs inside the contact area is given. The entire contact regions on the ceramic sphere and the Al surface are captured in the second electron and back-scattered images with a magnification of 220× (resolution: 432 nm, i.e., distance between neighboring pixels). The contact area can be identified based on both the distributions of the ceramic and Au on the ceramic sphere and Al surface, respectively. The back-scattered images with the magnifications of 5000× and 10,000× (resolution: 20 and 4 nm) are captured at four different locations along the radial direction (starting from the contact center), respectively. The real area of contact decreases from the center to the contact edge.

Structurally B2-ordered equiatomic FeRh thin films are known for unique properties such as a temperature, magnetic field, and spin polarized current driven phase transition from the antiferro- to the ferromagnetic state. The strain and structural disorder also influences the magnetic properties of FeRh, which opens a new way for controllable modification of properties at the micro- and nanoscale. Namely, structural modification by ion beam irradiation was shown to be an effective tool for tuning the phase transition temperature in FeRh as well as the saturation magnetization [1-3]. Here, we present a detailed study of magnetic properties of ion irradiated 40 nm thick FeRh films using magnetometry and broadband ferromagnetic resonance technique. The structurally ordered films were deposited epitaxially on MgO(001) substrates using magnetron sputtering. The irradiation was performed with 25 keV Ne ions at fluences of 0.1 – 4 ions/nm2 leading to a controllable reduction of the order parameter. The ion beam induced magnetization of FeRh at room temperature was shown to be as high as 1300 kA/m. Ferromagnetic resonance measurements performed at frequencies up to 40 GHz show that the Gilbert damping in structurally disordered ferromagnetic FeRh films is comparable to Py films. Such a relatively low damping in combination with the highly tunable saturation magnetization appears promising for further experiments on magnetization dynamics and spin wave propagation in FeRh thin films and nanostructures fabricated using ion beam irradiation. [1] N. Fujita et al., J. Appl. Phys. 107 (2010) 09E302 [2] A. Heidarian et al., Nucl. Instr. Meth. B 358 (2015) 251-254 [3] S.P. Bennett et al., Mater. Res. Lett. 6 (2018) 106-112

The \textsc{Majorana Demonstrator} is an ultra low-background experiment searching for neutrinoless double-beta decay in $^{76}$Ge. The heavily shielded array of germanium detectors, placed nearly a mile underground at the Sanford Underground Research Facility in Lead, South Dakota, also allows searches for new exotic physics. Free, relativistic, lightly-ionizing particles with electrical charges less than $e$ are forbidden by the standard model but predicted by some of its extensions. If such particles exist, they might be detected in the \textsc{Majorana Demonstrator} by searching for multiple- detector events with individual-detector energy depositions down to 1 keV. This search is background free and no candidate events have been found in 285 days of data taking. New direct-detection limits are set for the flux of lightly ionizing particles for charges as low as $e$/1000., Comment: final version

The MAJORANA DEMONSTRATOR is a $^{76}$Ge-based neutrinoless double-beta decay ($0\nu\beta\beta$) experiment. Staged at the 4850 ft level of the Sanford Underground Research Facility, the DEMONSTRATOR operates an array of high-purity p-type point contact Ge detectors deployed within a graded passive shield and an active muon veto system. The present work concerns the two-neutrino double-beta decay mode ($2\nu\beta\beta$) of $^{76}$Ge. For Ge detectors, having superior energy resolution (0.1%), this mode poses negligible background to the $0\nu\beta\beta$ mode, even for a ton-scale experiment. However, the measurement of the $2\nu\beta\beta$ mode allows for careful systematics checks of active detector mass, enrichment fraction, and pulse shape discrimination cuts related to both the $0\nu\beta\beta$ and $2\nu\beta\beta$ decay modes. A precision measurement of the $2\nu\beta\beta$ shape also allows searches for spectral distortions, possibly indicative of new physics, including $0\nu\beta\beta\chi$. Work is underway to construct a full experimental background model enabling a Bayesian fit to the measured energy spectrum and extraction of a precise $2\nu\beta\beta$ spectrum and half-life., Comment: 5 pages, 2 figures, TAUP 2017: XV International Conference on Topics in Astroparticle and Underground Physics

This work focused on ascertaining the effect of pile-up during indentation of thin films on substrates. Conventional understanding has postulated that differences in contact area resulting from pile-up or sink-in significantly alter the extraction of material properties. In this work, the specific case of pile-up with compliant, plastically deforming films on stiff, nonplastically deforming substrates was studied. Several literature methods to assess pile-up were leveraged, and a new technique was developed and validated to quantify projected pile-up. Indentation testing was performed on gold films of multiple thicknesses on several ceramic-based substrates. The results indicated that the degree of pile-up was solely a function of indent depth into the film. Pile-up was not influenced by film thickness or substrate elastic modulus. In other words, the pile-up development was insensitive to the presence of the substrate and how it contributes to the composite’s elastic properties. In such case, if the elastic response of the film/substrate composite was independent of the degree of pile-up, then elastic data acquired from unloading did not require a contact area correction. The findings are confirmed using the Zhou–Prorok model for extracting film elastic properties for both gold and platinum films.