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• Chemical process for 3D Sutterby ofluid is considered here. • Characteristics of nanomaterials with non-uniform heat sink-source are studied. • Numerical Technique is employed here. • Activation energy aspects are accounted for modeling nanofluid. This presents a theoretical and computational evaluation of the unsteady 3D Bioconvection flow of Sutterby fluid, which has non-linear nonlinear radiation features as well as gyrotactic microorganisms, illuminating the novelty of the work. Furthermore, the influences of magnetic field, activation energy, chemical reactions, mixed convection and non-uniform heat sink-source are likewise indebted. Boundary layer theory is entreated to progress the elementary PDEs designed for microorganism field, momentum, nanoparticles concentration and energy also then condensed to the extremely nonlinear ODEs through the variable's transformation. Numerical solutions for the existing investigation are obtained by bvp4c method in MATLAB software. Numerical calculations intended for Sherwood number, density number of microorganism and wall heat transfer are correspondingly accompanied. The graphic illustrations for exemplifying features of diverse embryonic parameters on dimensionless measures are designated systematically. It is fascinating to observed that the concentration as well as microorganism field is progressed for developed approximations of the bioconvection Rayleigh number and the magnetic parameter. The temperature of the fluid develops as a implied reaction to the magnetic parameter, the radiation parameter, Biot number and temperature ratio parameter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study was conducted to get insight about farmers' intention towards adoption of micro catchments as a useful tool for rainwater harvesting. The assessment of acceptability and compatibility of the intervention through farmers' perceptions, feed-back, practices and intentions regarding up-scaling the technology would develop the up-scaling and sustainability options for wider area. Under Watershed Rehabilitation and Irrigation Improvement Project besides other technologies, rainwater harvesting through micro catch-ments were demonstrated by Soil and Water Conservation Research Institute (SWCRI) in Pothwar area, Pakistan. The results highlight that the technology is not only suitable for in situ water conservation for fruit plants but also cost effective, water, labor and resource saving along with farmer friendly under rainfed condition with scare supplemental water availability. The cost of adoption of technology including labor charges for its preparation and maintenance was recovered from irrigation cost saved from single rainfall at the demonstration site. One of the important implications drawn in this regard was the need of a shift from site development to skill development. The same was derived as an important recommendation during assessment and evaluation of different demonstration and dissemination activities being conducted under Watershed Project. This shift could catalyze the technology adoption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study was designed to estimate the marketing margins and rural-urban price differences of fresh fruits and vegetables. A checklist and an open-ended questionnaire were developed and used to interview a total of 200 retailers (rural and urban), 100 producers, 30 commission agents and 10 transporters in July 2010. Price data were collected from rural and urban retailers in Hyderabad, Faisalabad, Peshawar, Muzaffarabad and Quetta. It was observed that the retail prices of fresh fruits and vegetables were higher in rural markets as compared to urban markets and differences were even higher in vegetables as compared to fruits. For fruits the difference ranged from 8.6-25.0% in Hyderabad, 5.2-39.0% in Faisalabad, 2.3-22.0% in Muzaffarabad, 20.0-50.0% in Peshawar and 11.0% in Quetta. Difference in rural-urban retail prices for vegetables varied between 12.0-36.0% in Hyderabad 6.3-89.0% in Faisalabad, 4.0-25.0% in Muzaffarabad and 6.7-66.7% in Quetta. The producer's share of the price was more or less 25.0% for most fruits and vegetables. It was observed that the total marketing margin for potatoes was 84.2%, onion 130.8%, persimmon 334.8%, pear 128.6%, banana 371.7%, sweet lemon 389.8%, and guava 176.2%. The net margin to intermediaries for potatoes, onion, persimmon, pear, banana, sweet lemon, and guava was accounted at 43%, 111.4%, 316.5%, 104.5%, 353.9%, 370.8% and 152.4%, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract  The reaction of Cu(OOCCH3)2·H2O with (2,4-diamino-5-(3′,4′,5′-trimethoxybenzyl) pyrimidine (trimethoprim) in ethanolic solution at 80 °C affords the title complex which has been characterized by elemental, IR, and NMR (1H and 13C).The crystal structure has been determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction. Compound 1 (C36H48Cu2N8O14) is triclinic, space group P-1 with a = 7.2676(4) Å, b = 11.6721(7) Å, c = 12.8279(8) Å, α = 95.839(1)°, β = 93.456(1)°, γ = 105.541(1)°, Z = 1. Two copper atoms are coordinated directly to each other as well as are held together by four bridging aceto groups. Each copper atom is also bonded opposite the Cu–Cu vector to a trimethoprim molecule through the N(1) atom of the pyrimidine ring. Trimethoprim acts as a monodentate ligand through the pyrimidine nitrogen N(1) atom. The complex was screened for the activity against several bacteria, showing more activity against bacteria as compared to trimethoprim. Graphical Abstract  To enhance the activity of trimethoprim, its derivative was prepared and there bacterial activity against several bacteria was analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract  The title copper (II) complex with Trimethoprim was prepared at 20–25 °C and its crystal structure was determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction. Compound (C36H50Cu3N8O16) is triclinic, space group P-1 with a = 6.4642(5) Å, b = 12.5495(9) Å, c = 13.4911(10) Å, α = 77.518(1)°, β = 85.326(1)°, γ = 84.413(2)°, Z = 1. In this compound, three copper atoms are bonded to each other, two terminal coppers are bonded to three oxygen atoms and N1 of pyrimidine ring of Trimethoprim and central copper is bonded to four oxygen atoms. The amino nitrogen atoms are not involved in the coordination to the metal. Graphical Abstract  To enhance the activity of trimethoprim, its derivative was prepared and there bacterial activity against several bacteria was analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The heat and mass transfer phenomena for Cross fluid model is discussed. • Effects of MHD and first order chemical reaction are presented here. • A numerical procedure bvp4c is applied. This article describes the heat and mass transport mechanism for non-Newtonian Cross fluid model past a wedge in the presence of hydrodynamic (MHD) and first order chemical reaction. The effects of hydromagnetic are also incorporated in momentum, thermal, and solutal slips on the surface of the wedge. The similarity transformation helps to simplify the complex model in the form of nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs) into nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs). The familiar numerical technique Bvp4c is applied. The optimal solutions of temperature, concentration fields exhibited via plots and Nusselt number, Sherwood number, drag forces are exhibited via tables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

MicroRNAs (miRs) are tightly regulated in the immune system, and aberrant expression of miRs often results in hematopoietic malignancies and autoimmune diseases. Previously, it was suggested that elevated levels of miR-27 in T cells isolated from patients with multiple sclerosis facilitate disease progression by inhibiting Th2 immunity and promoting pathogenic Th1 responses. Here we have demonstrated that, although mice with T cell-specific overexpression of miR-27 harbor dysregulated Th1 responses and develop autoimmune pathology, these disease phenotypes are not driven by miR-27 in effector T cells in a cell-autonomous manner. Rather, dysregulation of Th1 responses and autoimmunity resulted from a perturbed Treg compartment. Excessive miR-27 expression in murine T cells severely impaired Treg differentiation. Moreover, Tregs with exaggerated miR-27-mediated gene regulation exhibited diminished homeostasis and suppressor function in vivo. Mechanistically, we determined that miR-27 represses several known as well as previously uncharacterized targets that play critical roles in controlling multiple aspects of Treg biology. Collectively, our data show that miR-27 functions as a key regulator in Treg development and function and suggest that proper regulation of miR-27 is pivotal to safeguarding Treg-mediated immunological tolerance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In biotechnology and biosensors bioconvection along with microorganisms play a important role. This article communicates a theoretic numerical analysis concerning the bioconvective Sutterby nanofluid flow over a stretchable wedge surface. Bioconvection is a remarkable occurrence of undercurrents fluid that is produced owing to the turning of microbes. It is considered for hydrodynamics unsteadiness and forms classified in interruption of inclined swimming microbes. Bioconvection is perceived practically in many uses for example pharmaceutical products, bio sensing applications, biomedical, bio-micro systems, biotechnology advancements and refining of mathematical models. Additionally, unsteady parameter influences are taken into account. Furthermore, no mass flux as well as heat sink/source consequences are measured in existing analysis. The similarity transformation are established for the non-linear PDEs of microorganism's field, nanofluid concentration, energy, momentum and mass for bioconvection flow of Sutterby nanofluid. Then, altered non-linear ODEs are resolved by utilizing the bvp4c technique. Moreover, nanofluids are declining in thermal and concentration fields and the greater number of Peclet number declines the field of microorganisms. Acquired numerical data displays that temperature field of nanofluid increases for more thermophoretic and unsteady parameters., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2023 The Authors.)