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RESUMENEste artículo presenta algunos resultados, en el campo del mejoramiento del hábitat popular, de la investigación sobre el caso de Barrio Nuevo de Curridabat, un barrio autoconstruido. Por medio de una metodología participativa que involucra de lleno a las personas de la comunidad, a partir del “Análisis del sistema de lugares”, se construye una propuesta de diseño que responde a las principales problemáticas socioespaciales. Se utilizan los “Criterios de desempeño” para el diseño de una estrategia de mejoramiento urbano, que responde a las características, experiencias y deseos de las personas que habitan el barrio. El caso de Barrio Nuevo desafía las opciones que brinda la institucionalidad costarricense, por lo cual se requiere abrir las posibilidades, dando espacio a otras formas de lectura sobre estos espacios. El presente ejercicio de aplicación reta los sistemas normativos del Estado, identificando las implicaciones de propuestas innovadoras en el campo del diseño y plantea la necesidad de apertura a nuevas propuestas de diseño y supervisión estatal. ABSTRACTThe article focuses on the investigation into Barrio Nuevo, Curridabat a neighborhood self- constructed. The article presents a design proposal that responds to the main problems of community, with a participatory methodology and the analysis of the structure of a place. The purpose of the project is to provide the performance criteria for the design on urban development. These strategies are adequate by the characteristics, experiences and wishes of the neighbors. Barrio Nuevo contrast traditional possibilities of institutionalism in Costa Rica. The exercises evaluate the application of regulatory systems imposed by the state, identifying the implications of innovative proposals in the design.

Background Biological structures grow spontaneously from a seed, using materials supplied by the environment. These structures are hierarchical, with the ‘building blocks’ on each level constructed from those on the lower level. To understand and model the processes that occur on many levels, and later construct them, is a difficult task. However interest in this subject is growing. It is now possible to study the spontaneous growth of hierarchical structures in simple, two component chemical systems. Results Aluminum-silicate systems have been observed to grow into structures that are approximately conical. These structures are composed of multiple smaller cones with several hierarchical levels of complexity. On the highest level the system resembles a metropolis, with a horizontal resource distribution network connecting vertical, conical structures. The cones are made from many smaller cones that are connected together forming a whole with unusual behavior. The growth is observed to switch periodically between the vertical and horizontal directions. Conclusion A structure grown in a dish is observed to have many similarities to other hierarchical systems such as biological organisms or cities. This system may provide a simple model system to search for universal laws governing the growth of complex hierarchical structures.

El principi esquerra s'ha tornat «socialcínic»; i la seva falsedat es percep tant en l'àmbit de l'administració, quan pren el poder anomenant-se socialdemocràcia, liberalisme social, etc., com en el domini de la protesta i de la praxis política antagonista. Desaparegut el Subjecte sobre el que descansa el relat clàssic de l'Emancipació (el Proletariat i els seus diferents substituts funcionals, des dels estudiants fins als indígenes), i davant la impostura característica dels esforços per a construir-lo des d'un cert exterior (Síndrome de Viridiana, en els nostres termes), guanya avui terreny el nou ordre de la «conflictivitat conservadora» (gestió política de la desobediència). La resistència que no repercuteix en la simple reproducció "revoltosa" de l'existent esdevé raresa; però es pot reconèixer-la en determinades pràctiques minoritàries, que semblen ajustar-se a una mateixa divisa: l'autoconstrucció ètic-estètica del subjecte per a la lluita. A nivell teorètic, una autoconstrucció tal reuniria, com formant pinya, les veus dels quínics antics, dels llibertaris de la primera hora, de Nietzsche i dels crítics actuals de la Biopolítica. _____________________________________________ Le principe schématique est devenu «social-cynique», et sa fausseté est un précepte aussi bien dans le domaine de l’administration, quand il prend le pouvoir en se nommant social-démocratie, libéralisme social, etc., que dans le domaine de la protestation et de la praxis politique antagoniste. Une fois disparu le sujet sur lequel repose le récit classique de l’émancipation (le prolétariat et ses différents substituts fonctionnels, des étudiants aux indigènes), et devant l’imposture caractéristique des efforts pour le construire d’un certain extérieur (syndrome de Viridiana, dans nos termes), le nouvel ordre de la "conflictualité conservatrice" (gestion politique de la désobéissance) gagne aujourd’hui du terrain. La résistance qui ne répercute pas dans la simple reproduction «revoltueuse» de l’existant devient une rareté, mais on peut la reconnaître dans certaines pratiques minoritaires, qui semblent s’ajuster à une même devise: l’auto-construction éthico-esthétique du sujet pour la lutte. Au niveau théorétique, une telle auto-construction réunirait, comme formant un groupe, les voix des Cyniques antiques, des libertaires de la première heure, de Nietzsche et des critiques actuels de la biopolitique., The left-wing principle has become that of «social cynicism». Its falseness can be seen in the area of administration when the left are in power under the name of social democracy, social liberalism, etc., and in the domain of protest and antagonistic political practice. As the Subject on which the classic narrative of Emancipation was based has disappeared (the Proletariat and its various functional substitutes, from students to indigenous people), and faced with the characteristic pretence of efforts to construct the Subject from an external truth (the «Viridiana syndrome», in our terms), today the new order of «conservative conflict» (the political management of disobedience) is gaining ground. Resistance that does not lead to a basic «rebellious» reproduction of that which already exists is a rarity. However, it can be found in certain minority practices that appear to be adapted to the same slogan: the ethical-aesthetic self-construction of the subject for the struggle. At a theoretical level, such self-construction would bring together, as if forming a tight group, the voices of early cynics, the first libertarians, Nietzsche and the current critics of biopolitics., El principio izquierda se ha vuelto «socialcínico»; y su doblez se percibe tanto en el ámbito de la administración, cuando toma el poder nombrándose socialdemocracia, liberalismo social, etc., como en el dominio de la protesta y de la praxis política antagonista. Desaparecido el Sujeto sobre el que descansaba el relato clásico de la Emancipación (el Proletariado y sus distintos sustitutos funcionales, desde los estudiantes hasta los indígenas), y ante la impostura característica de los esfuerzos por construirlo desde un cierto exterior (síndrome de Viridiana, en nuestros términos), gana hoy terreno el nuevo orden de la «conflictividad conservadora» (gestión política de la desobediencia). La resistencia que no redunda en la mera reproducción «revoltosa» de lo dado deviene rareza; pero cabe reconocerla en determinadas prácticas minoritarias, que parecen ceñirse a una misma divisa: la autoconstrucción ético-estética del sujeto para la lucha. A nivel teorético, una tal autoconstrucción reuniría, como en un corro amistoso, las voces de los quínicos antiguos, de los libertarios de la primera hora, de Nietzsche y de los actuales críticos de la Biopolítica.

Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Studie wurden Lerneffekte durch das Selbstkonstruieren von Concept Maps im Vergleich zur Nutzung von Experten-Concept Maps auf das Verständnis und Behalten geographischer Inhalte untersucht. 130 Studierende wurden dazu zufällig in zwei gleichgroße Gruppen aufgeteilt. Die eine Versuchsgruppe konstruierte eigenständig eine Concept Map aus einem Text und die andere Gruppe verfasste aus einer Experten-Concept Map einen Text. Wir nahmen an, dass beim Schreiben eines Textes aus einer Experten-Map zwangsläufig die für das Verständnis komplexer Zusammenhänge so entscheidenden inhaltlichen Relationen hohe Aufmerksamkeit erhalten und gleichzeitig eine zu hohe kognitive Last (cognitive load) vermieden wird. Darüber hinaus vermuteten wir, dass die Anforderungssituation beim Schreiben eines Textes aus einer Expertenmap kognitiv stark genug fordert, um intensive Lernprozesse zu unterstützen. Die Ergebnisse der Studie zeigen, dass die Strukturierungshilfe durch eine Expertenmap in Verbindung mit der Aufgabe einen Text zu schreiben, das Verständnis und die Reproduktion von Inhalten stärker förderte, als die Selbstkonstruktion einer Concept-Map. Da wir von einem Einfluss unterschiedlicher Lernstile auf die Lernleistung ausgingen, untersuchten wir zusätzlich Präferenzen der Lernenden bei der kognitiven Informationsverarbeitung anhand zweier Lernstilinventare. Die Bedeutung vorliegender Befunde für die Gestaltung von Lernszenarien wird anschließend diskutiert. In this study we investigated effects of self-constructing and using concept maps for students’ comprehension of geography learning content. 130 young adults were randomly allocated to two equal-sized groups of which one self-constructed concept maps and the other constructed a selfwritten text on the basis of an expert concept map. We assumed that writing a text from an expert map would direct learners’ attention to content relations and prevent ineffectively high cognitive load. Furthermore we supposed that the cognitive effort required for the task is efficiently high to support an intensive learning process. As hypothesized, the structural support of expert maps in conjunction with the task to write a text furthered content reproduction and understanding more than the self-construction of a concept map. As we assumed an impact of different learning styles on learning outcomes we investigated preferences of learners’ cognitive processing by two different learning style inventories. Consequences for the development of learning environments are conclusively discussed.

A dissertação surge de um primeiro interesse – pode a arquitectura informal também desencadear revolução? Introduz uma reflexão acerca da forma de fazer cidade e arquitectura, bem como do papel do arquitecto neste exercício. Neste aspecto, a pertinência em tratar um tema já muito evocado – a arquitectura e organização urbana em áreas de génese ilegal, tomando como objecto de estudo o bairro da Portela da Azóia. Analisam-se as transformações que ocorreram no território português, privilegiando a periferia lisboeta, concentrando os estudos em tipologias de habitação em situação clandestina. Compreende-se que, com no crescimento constante das cidades, as periferias são hoje espaços onde se experimenta ‘novas cidades’. Não obstante, é também onde muitas vezes se adopta uma resposta involuntária e espontânea, que nasce sem a mão do arquitecto. É através da condição híbrida dos limites da cidade que se tenta perceber se assentamentos de carácter espontâneo conseguem formular bases de principio, ou mesmo servir eruditamente de lição, à imagem de assentamentos planeados ou formais. Torna-se crucial depreender de que forma é que esta arquitectura sem arquitecto, através do não-projecto, consegue trazer uma crítica involuntária à arquitectura normalizada e à forma como as cidades contemporâneas são pensadas. Ao descobrir o que conduziu ao aparecimento destes lugares de índole espontânea, há a possibilidade de tentar entender quais foram, mas acima de tudo quais podem ser, as estratégias do arquitecto perante estes espaços agora consolidados. The dissertation arises from an initial interest - can the informal architecture also trigger revolution? Introduces a reflection on how to make both city and architecture, as well as the role of the architect in this exercise. In this aspect, the relevance to treat a topic already very evoked – the architecture and urban planning in areas of illegal genesis, taking the neighborhood of Portela da Azóia as it’s object of study. It analyzes the changes that have occurred in Portuguese territory, privileging the Lisbon periphery, concentrating the studies in typologies of housing in illegal status. It is understood that, with the constant growth of the cities, the peripheries today are spaces where we experience ‘new towns’. Nevertheless it is also where people often adopt an involuntary and spontaneous response, born without the hand of the architect. It is through the hybrid condition of the city’s edges, that one tries to find out if settlements of spontaneous nature can formulate base principles, or even learnedly serve as lesson, as planned or formal settlements do. It becomes crucial to understand how this architecture without architects, through the non-project, manages to bring an involuntary critic to the standardized architecture and the way contemporary cities are designed. To find out what has led to these places of spontaneous nature, there is the possibility of trying to understand what were, but above all which can be, the strategies of architect throughout these spaces now consolidated.

Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Arquitetura, apresentada na Universidade de Lisboa - Faculdade de Arquitetura. Submitted by Pilar Lago (mpilar@fa.utl.pt) on 2014-07-16T12:52:59Z No. of bitstreams: 1 CONSTRUIR COM A TERRA_Susana Reis Duarte.pdf: 36826175 bytes, checksum: aa7aa9c9806691a78b765be6bd4cf2db (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-16T12:52:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CONSTRUIR COM A TERRA_Susana Reis Duarte.pdf: 36826175 bytes, checksum: aa7aa9c9806691a78b765be6bd4cf2db (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-11

In this article, I will argue that acts of improvisation are not productively understood in opposition to other practices which form our wider musical culture. Improvisation might be better understood as both rooted in, but not limited by, personal and cultural memory. Improvisational activities are legible to the performer and audience through a shared understanding of social norms, but only become a singular instance of improvisation through unique performative actions. This tension between experience and invention is played out in a dialogue between performer and listener, demanding a response that crucially takes the form of self-articulation, or autobiography. Finally, I contend that it is from this position that improvisation offers the possibility to transgress established personal and cultural identities.

Ce texte est la traduction française de l’article publié dans le Journal of Vocational Behavior, 75(3) : Savickas, M. L., Nota, L., Rossier, J., Dauwalder, J.-P., Duarte, M. E., Guichard, J., Soresi, S., Van Esbroeck, R., & van Vianen, A. E. M., « Life designing: A paradigm for career construction in the 21st century » (239-250), © 2009, avec la permission de Elsevier. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00018791 ***** La nouvelle organisation sociale du travail du début du 21e siècle pose une série de questions et lance de nombreux défis aux spécialistes de l’accompagnement en orientation professionnelle. Compte tenu de la mondialisation du conseil en orientation, c’est dans un cadre international que nous avons décidé d’aborder ces questions, puis de formuler des réponses potentiellement innovantes. Cette approche permet d’éviter les difficultés que soulève la création de modèles et de méthodes dans un pays donné en tentant ensuite de les exporter dans d’autres, où ils doivent être adaptés pour être utilisés. Cet article présente le premier résultat tangible de cette collaboration : un modèle et des méthodes d’accompagnement des personnes. Le modèle « Construire sa vie », destiné à des interventions d’accompagnement en orientation se fonde sur cinq présupposés concernant les personnes et leur vie professionnelle : des possibilités liées aux contextes, des processus dynamiques, une progression non linéaire, des perspectives multiples et des configurations individuelles. En partant de ces présupposés, nous avons bâti un modèle en contexte, se réclamant de l’épistémologie du constructionnisme social, reconnaissant en particulier que les connaissances et l’identité d’un individu sont le produit d’interactions sociales et que le sens est co-construit, via la médiation du discours. Le cadre général « construire sa vie » s’appuie sur les théories de la construction de soi (Guichard, 2005) et de la construction des parcours professionnels (Savickas, 2005), qui décrivent les conduites d’orientation et leurs développements. Ce cadre concerne toute la vie, il est holiste, tient compte des contextes et est préventif. At the beginning of the 21st century, a new social arrangement of work poses a series of questions and challenges to scholars who aim to help people develop their working lives. Given the globalization of career counseling, we decided to address these issues and then to formulate potentially innovative responses in an international forum. We used this approach to avoid the difficulties of creating models and methods in one country and then trying to export them to other countries where they would be adapted for use. This article presents the initial outcome of this collaboration, a counseling model and methods. The life-designing model for career intervention endorses five presuppositions about people and their work lives: contextual possibilities, dynamic processes, non-linear progression, multiple perspectives, and personal patterns. Thinking from these five presuppositions, we have crafted a contextualized model based on the epistemology of social constructionism, particularly recognizing that an individual’s knowledge and identity are the product of social interaction and that meaning is co-constructed through discourse. The life-design framework for counseling implements the theories of self-constructing (Guichard, 2005) and career construction (Savickas, 2005) that describe vocational behavior and its development. Thus, the framework is structured to be life-long, holistic, contextual, and preventive.

Le dispositif de conseil en orientation professionnelle présenté dans cet article vise à aider les jeunes docteurs à préparer leur reconversion vers le secteur privé. La démarche développée s’inscrit dans le cadre théorique du modèle des formes identitaires subjectives (Guichard, 2004). C’est une méthodologie qui se veut à la fois constructiviste et constructioniste. L’objectif est d’amener les jeunes docteurs à développer de nouveaux sentiments de compétences, de nouvelles manières d’interpréter leurs parcours afin de construire de nouvelles anticipations relatives à une orientation, voire à une reconversion réussie vers le secteur privé. This paper describes a counseling intervention aimed at helping young doctors toassess their skills and develop their self-efficacy to be more able to promote themselves and their abilities for careers beyond academia. Thegoalis tohelpyoung doctors to redesigntheirfuture expectations.

Biological systems are based on an entirely different concept of construction than human artifacts. They construct themselves by a process of self-organization that is a systematic spatio-temporal generation of, and interaction between, various specialized cell types. We propose a framework for designing gene-like codes for guiding the self-construction of neural networks. The description of neural development is formalized by defining a set of primitive actions taken locally by neural precursors during corticogenesis. These primitives can be combined into networks of instructions similar to biochemical pathways, capable of reproducing complex developmental sequences in a biologically plausible way. Moreover, the conditional activation and deactivation of these instruction networks can also be controlled by these primitives, allowing for the design of a “genetic code” containing both coding and regulating elements. We demonstrate in a simulation of physical cell development how this code can be incorporated into a single progenitor, which then by replication and differentiation, reproduces important aspects of corticogenesis., Frontiers in Computational Neuroscience, 5, ISSN:1662-5188

This thesis focuses on the effectiveness of career counseling intevention on self and career construction processes. The study was led at the Bernard Gregory association (ABG), whose mission is to help PhD graduates develop their working skills. The purpose is to identify self-construction patterns that go alongside successful reorientation towards the private sector and to formulate hypotheses to explain what factors and processes are involved. Our conceptual reference is the theory of self-construction (Guichard, 2004). This model is based on two types of reflexivities : on the one hand, dual reflexivity aims at stabilising the self in a desired pattern, on the other hand trinitarian reflexivity leads to revisiting present and past experiences. The current study focuses on this second type of reflexivity. Case studies of young PhD graduates show the impact of dialogical reflexivity processes on how these individuals progressively turn away from their anticipated academic., L’étude conduite à l’occasion de cette thèse porte sur l’analyse des processus de transformations identitaires observables à l’occasion des interactions de conseil en orientation professionnelle. Elle s’intéresse aux stratégies d’insertion des jeunes docteurs en dehors de la recherche publique qui constitue généralement pour la majorité d’entre eux, un point d’ancrage majeur de leurs anticipations. L’objet est de repérer certaines figures de remaniements identitaires qui paraissent aller de pair avec une reconversion réussie vers le secteur privé et de formuler quelques hypothèses explicatives relatives aux processus et facteurs en jeu. Cette recherche (conduite au sein de l’association Bernard Grégory) s’appuie sur le modèle de la subjectivité individuelle, conçue comme un système dynamique de formes identitaires subjectives (Guichard, 2004). Certaines formes de ce système représentent les anticipations de soi qui peuvent jouer un rôle majeur dans le sens que l’individu donne à son existence à un moment donné. Deux formes de réflexivité en tension sont au principe du développement de ces anticipations : l’une (la réflexivité duelle) vise une stabilisation de soi dans un modèle désiré, alors que l’autre (la réflexivité trinitaire) pousse à une mise en perspective des expériences passées et présentes. C’est cette seconde forme de réflexivité que l’intervention de conseil développée dans cette étude vise à observer. La description de cas concrets de jeunes docteurs montre l’impact des processus de réflexivité dialogique sur la manière dont ces derniers renoncent progressivement à l’ancrage académique de leurs anticipations professionnelles, pour développer de nouveaux modes d’interpréter et de mise en perspectives futures de l’expérience doctorale

Tese de Mestrado em Arquitectura Nesta breve reflexão proponho-me entender e dissertar sobre conceitos que me apoiarão no desenvolvimento do projecto final de mestrado, que se debruçará sobre o tema da habitação evolutiva no bairro da Cova da Moura. Este é um bairro informal que se desenvolve na periferia da cidade de Lisboa e apresenta características singulares evidenciadas na sua dimensão espácio-temporal, caracterizada por espaços complexos e diversos, com identidade cultural própria, dos quais a comunidade local se apropria vivendo-os harmoniosamente. A elevada densidade populacional, a prática da auto-construção e a espontaneidade da distribuição das actividades são, assim, pontos cruciais que criam uma imagem pouco usual do bairro e que define um gosto associado a uma estética singular, produto da arquitectura popular que se adapta às condições do local, promovendo a reciclagem urbana. Proponho, para concluir, que olhemos a cidade informal como exemplo potenciador de sociabilidades e que, ao invés de destruirmos o seu tecido urbano original submetendo-o a transformações urbanísticas que não favorecem a apropriação pela comunidade, estimulemos a contaminação da cidade formal por essas relações sócio espaciais que se desenvolvem na cidade informal. Penso que esta é uma solução ao alcance de todos que permite suturar a ruptura entre as partes e encher de vida a cidade. In this brief discussion I propose to understand and develop concepts that will support the final draft of the Master, that will look into the issue of housing in the evolutionary neighborhood of Cova da Moura. This is an informal neighborhood that develops in the outskirts of Lisbon and has unique features in its spatial-temporal dimension, characterized by complex and diverse spaces, with its own cultural identity, of which the local community appropriates them harmoniously. The high population density, the practice of self-construction and spontaneity of the distribution of activities are crucial points that create an unusual image of the neighborhood and that defines a like associated with a unique aesthetic, a product of popular architecture that fits site conditions, promoting urban recycling. In conclusion, we look the informal city as an example of sociability and that instead of destroying the original urban tissue by subjecting it to urban transformations that do not favor ownership by the community, nurture the contamination of the city by these relationships developed in the informal city. This is an affordable solution that allows all suturing the rupture between the parties and fill the city with life.

Indexación: Web of Science; Scielo El control climático y lumínico es tomado como generatriz de una vivienda ubicada en la zona central de Chile. A través de la creación de capas sucesivas desde el interior, se conforman los espacios privados y comunes, en un contexto velado por los mantos exteriores que controlan la luz y las vistas. This thesis project, built thanks to the participation of locals and the recycling of abandoned material, proposes a contemplation space of a landscape previously exploited. The generated volumes are placed and give gratuity to the space, allowing one to reflect over history. http://ref.scielo.org/w8xtwk

Tese de Mestrado em Arquitectura Objectivos deste trabalho são questões do âmbito da ecologia e sustentabilidade para a arquitectura descomprometida face a dogmas e paradigmas, não inocentes face aos interesses e conspirações financeiras. Estudei as potencialidades e viabilidade de um material emergente _ o bambu. Numa experiência que pretendeu unir a teoria académica com a prática, o trabalho manual muitas vezes esquecido na nossa formação e de vital importância para o correcto intendimento de um material e formas de projectar mais adquadas à realidade, fora da redoma intelectual das grandes metrópoles. Com estes princípios dediquei as primeiras páginas desta dissertação ao estudo de propriedades fisícas, mecânicas, ao entendimento dos processos de tratamentos do bambu e à busca de técnicas e solucões construtivas. Numa segunda parte incido sobre uma experiência prática; demonstrando pela evidência a verdade de momentos e aprendizagens locais com comunidades de Oaxaca, na construção de protótipos e estruturas de bambu. Sendo adquirido que a população mundial cresce abruptamente, dediquei parte do estudo à capacitação para a auto-construção, pugnando por uma mais valia para minimizar o panorama de 2 biliões de pessoas sem casa nos próximos 30 anos. A colheita anual, os baixos custos de produção e os métodos e técnicas constructivas ambientais do bambu, conferem-lhe uma posição de topo na resolução de soluções, seja para a desflorestação, a construção, os equipamentos, a habitação e situações pós-calamidades. Permite-nos criar engenharias sociais que abarcam todos os estratos sociais da economia mundial. O bambu, creio, está ao dispor dos arquitectos para a técnica e para a arte. The goal of this Project is related to questions concerning ecology and sustainability for architecture unattatched to dogmas and paradigms, not innocent towards financial interests and conspiracies. This study follows the potencials and viabilities of en emerging material - bamboo. In an experience that intends to unit both academic theory and practice, manual labour, many times forgotten during our training, is of vital importance for the correct understanding of any material and way of designing more adequately according to our reality, outside the intelectual boundary of the large metropolis. With these principles, the first pages of this essay are dedicated to the study of physical and mechanical properties as well as an understanding of the processes for the treatment of bamboo and research for technical and constructive solutions. The second part focuses on the practical experience by evidently demonstrating true moments and teaching experiences in local communities in Oaxaca, Mexico by building prototypes and bamboo structures.Knowing that the world population is growing abruptly, part of this study is devoted to training self-construction methods, striving to diminuish the current panorama of 2 billion people living without a home in the next 30 years. Yearly harvesting, low production costs and sustainable construction methods make bamboo a high priority as a solution for deflorestation, general construction, public buildings, housing and post-disaster situations. It allows us to create social engeneering that covers all social strata of the world economy. Bamboo, I believe, is available to architects both for technical and artistic reasons.

Submitted by João Maurício Santana Ramos (ramosjms@ufba.br) on 2020-10-14T21:34:32Z No. of bitstreams: 1 formação profissional para a construção civil em um assentamento do MST - contribuições para a autoconstrução habitacional.pdf: 14542058 bytes, checksum: 167e35078d03a2f5e9d0c40c0b13354b (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Ramon Santana (ramonds@ufba.br) on 2020-11-06T20:39:57Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 formação profissional para a construção civil em um assentamento do MST - contribuições para a autoconstrução habitacional.pdf: 14542058 bytes, checksum: 167e35078d03a2f5e9d0c40c0b13354b (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2020-11-06T20:39:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 formação profissional para a construção civil em um assentamento do MST - contribuições para a autoconstrução habitacional.pdf: 14542058 bytes, checksum: 167e35078d03a2f5e9d0c40c0b13354b (MD5) Esta pesquisa, do tipo estudo de caso, visa identificar quais as contribuições trazidas por cursos de formação profissional de pedreiros, carpinteiros, encanadores, eletricistas e pintores, ministrados pelo Núcleo de Pesquisa e Extensão em Habitação Popular (Thaba) entre novembro de 2006 e março de 2007 a um grupo de 48 assentados do Movimento de Trabalhadores Rurais sem Terra (MST) no município de Água Fria – BA, de modo que estes assentados pudessem construir, em regime de autogestão, as 212 casas do assentamento. A metodologia da pesquisa compreendeu a construção de referencial teórico, e coleta e análise de dados de campo. A construção de referencial teórico possibilitou a compreensão acerca dos campos temáticos eleitos: “formação profissional” (contribuições de Saviani, Meszáros, Gallo, e Codello), “processos educativos do MST” (contribuições de Menezes Neto, Fernandes, e Gohn), e “autoconstrução e mutirão habitacional” (contribuições de Bonduki, Cardoso, Abiko e Coelho, Lopes e Rizek, Malard). A partir do aporte teórico, percebeu-se que: as demandas colocadas pelo mercado de trabalho atual à educação encontram resposta nos ideais da politecnia; o MST, em suas ações educativas, defende a adequação do projeto pedagógico da escola ao contexto do assentamento onde está localizada, mas procura uniformizar a educação oferecida aos assentados, por meio da adoção de princípios filosóficos e pedagógicos e por meio da valorização da educação pelo e para o trabalho e da educação para a cooperação; os mutirões representam uma possibilidade de acesso das populações menos favorecidas à moradia, ainda que gere um sobretrabalho às pessoas, e também representam um processo educativo que contempla todos nele envolvidos. Para a coleta de dados de campo, foram analisados documentos do Thaba (planos e propostas de trabalho e relatórios), realizaram-se reuniões junto aos assentados formados, aos educadores e coordenadores do Thaba (utilizando a técnica do grupo focal), e foram aplicados questionários junto a lideranças regionais do MST. A análise dos dados obtidos em campo permitiu comprovar: o atendimento dos cursos do Thaba às demandas do mercado de trabalho; a correlação entre os cursos do Thaba e os princípios filosóficos e pedagógicos da educação do MST; o impacto negativo que exerceu a baixa escolaridade dos aprendizes na sua formação profissional; a aprendizagem significativa ocorrida junto aos assentados, promovida nos cursos do Thaba, verificada na aplicação, em outro sistema construtivo, de saberes adquiridos em um sistema construtivo, verificada na transferência de conhecimento para pessoas que não participaram dos cursos e verificada na solução de problemas enfrentados durante a construção; a educação para a cidadania que ocorre nas deliberações entre os assentados; a necessidade da atuação de agentes da sociedade civil junto aos assentados, para dinamizar o seu desenvolvimento. This research, type of case study, aims to identify the contributions brought by vocational training of masons, carpenters, plumbers, electricians and painters, administered by the Housing Center for Research and Extension (Thaba) between November 2006 and March 2007 to a group of 48 settlers from the Movement of Landless Rural Workers (MST) in the town of Agua Fria - BA, so that these settlers could build, in a self-managed way, the 212 houses in the settlement. The research methodology involved the construction of theoretical framework, and collection and analysis of field data. The construction of the theoretical framework enabled the understanding of the thematic areas chosen: "vocational training" (contributions of Saviani, Meszaros, Gallo, and Codello), "MST's educational processes" (contributions of Menezes Neto, Fernandes, and Gohn), and "self-construction and collective effort for housing" (contributions of Bonduki, Cardoso, Abiko and Coelho, Lopes and Rizek, Malard). From the theoretical framework, it was noted that: the demands placed by the current job market for education are answered by the ideals of the polytechnic; the MST, in its educational activities, supports the appropriateness of school’s pedagogical project to the context of the settlement where the school is located, but seeks to standardize the education offered to settlers, through the adoption of philosophical and pedagogical principles and through the enhancement of education through and for work and education for cooperation; the collective effort represents a possibility of access of disadvantaged populations to housing, yet it manages a surplus labor to the people, and also represents an educational process that includes everyone involved. To collect the field data, Thaba documents (plans and work proposals and reports) were analyzed, meetings were held with the settlers formed, educators and coordinators of Thaba (using focus group technique), and questionnaires were applied to MST’s regional leaders. Analysis of data obtained in the field has demonstrated: the attendance of Thaba’s courses to the demands of the labor market; the correlation between Thaba’s courses and philosophical and pedagogical principles of MST’s education; the negative impact exerted in apprentices’ vocational training by their low educational level; significant learning occurred among the settlers, encouraged in Thaba’s courses, verified in applying, in another building system, the knowledge acquired in a constructive system, verified in the transfer of knowledge to people who did not attend the courses and verified in the solution of problems encountered during construction; education for citizenship which takes place in the deliberations among the settlers; the need for action of civil society actors together with the settlers, to foster their development.

Este proyecto de título, construido gracias a la participación de lugareños y el reciclaje de material abandonado, propone un espacio de contemplación de un paisaje previamente explotado. Los volúmenes generados se disponen y entregan gratuitamente en el lugar, permitiendo reflexionar y volver a mirar su historia. This thesis project, built thanks to the participation of locals and the recycling of abandoned material, proposes a contemplation space of a landscape previously exploited. The generated volumes are placed and give gratuity to the space, allowing one to reflect over history.

International audience; At the beginning of the 21st century, a new social arrangement of work poses a series of questions and challenges to scholars who aim to help people develop their working lives. Given the globalization of career counseling, we decided to address these issues and then to formulate potentially innovative responses in an international forum. We used this approach to avoid the difficulties of creating models and methods in one country and then trying to export them to other countries where they would be adapted for use. This article presents the initial outcome of this collaboration, a counseling model and methods. The life-designing model for career intervention endorses five presuppositions about people and their work lives: contextual possibilities, dynamic processes, non-linear progression, multiple perspectives, and personal patterns. Thinking from these five presuppositions, we have crafted a contextualized model based on the epistemology of social constructionism, particularly recognizing that an individual’s knowledge and identity are the product of social interaction and that meaning is co-constructed through discourse. The life-design framework for counseling implements the theories of self-constructing (Guichard, 2005) and career construction (Savickas, 2005) that describe vocational behavior and its development. Thus, the framework is structured to be life-long, holistic, contextual, and preventive.; Ce texte est la traduction française de l’article publié dans le Journal of Vocational Behavior, 75(3) : Savickas, M. L., Nota, L., Rossier, J., Dauwalder, J.-P., Duarte, M. E., Guichard, J., Soresi, S., Van Esbroeck, R., & van Vianen, A. E. M., « Life designing: A paradigm for career construction in the 21st century » (239-250), © 2009, avec la permission de Elsevier. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00018791*****La nouvelle organisation sociale du travail du début du 21e siècle pose une série de questions et lance de nombreux défis aux spécialistes de l’accompagnement en orientation professionnelle. Compte tenu de la mondialisation du conseil en orientation, c’est dans un cadre international que nous avons décidé d’aborder ces questions, puis de formuler des réponses potentiellement innovantes. Cette approche permet d’éviter les difficultés que soulève la création de modèles et de méthodes dans un pays donné en tentant ensuite de les exporter dans d’autres, où ils doivent être adaptés pour être utilisés. Cet article présente le premier résultat tangible de cette collaboration : un modèle et des méthodes d’accompagnement des personnes. Le modèle « Construire sa vie », destiné à des interventions d’accompagnement en orientation se fonde sur cinq présupposés concernant les personnes et leur vie professionnelle : des possibilités liées aux contextes, des processus dynamiques, une progression non linéaire, des perspectives multiples et des configurations individuelles. En partant de ces présupposés, nous avons bâti un modèle en contexte, se réclamant de l’épistémologie du constructionnisme social, reconnaissant en particulier que les connaissances et l’identité d’un individu sont le produit d’interactions sociales et que le sens est co-construit, via la médiation du discours. Le cadre général « construire sa vie » s’appuie sur les théories de la construction de soi (Guichard, 2005) et de la construction des parcours professionnels (Savickas, 2005), qui décrivent les conduites d’orientation et leurs développements. Ce cadre concerne toute la vie, il est holiste, tient compte des contextes et est préventif.

У статті науково обґрунтовано поняття самоорганізації економічних систем. Самоорганізація за своїм змістом передбачає властивість систем самостійно активізувати процеси свого функціонування та розвитку на основі внутрішньо властивої системи здатності упорядковувати свої складові підсистеми і регулювати енергетичні та інформаційні потоки, якими вона обмінюється із зовнішнім середовищем. За формою явище самоорганізації включає в себе цілий спектр процесів, у т.ч. самовпорядкування, самозабезпечення, самовідтворення, і пов`язані з ним процеси самоконструювання, самовиготовлення, самозбиранна, самовідновлення, самообмеження, самозбереження. Автор підкреслює, що умови, в яких доводиться функціонувати сучасним економічним суб`єктам різних рівнів, надзвичайно актуалізують проблеми забезпечення самоорганізації економічних систем. При цитуванні документа, використовуйте посилання http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/3566 В статье научно обосновано понятие самоорганизации экономических систем. Самоорганизация по своему содержанию предполагает свойство систем самостоятельно активизировать процессы своего функционирования и развития на основе внутренне присущей системам способности упорядочивать свои составляющие подсистемы и регулировать энергетические и информационные потоки, которыми она обменивается с внешней средой. По форме явление самоорганизации включает в себя целый спектр процессов, в т.ч. самоупорядочение, самообеспечение, самовоспроизводство, и связанные с ним процессы самоконструирования, самоизготовления, самосборки, самовосстановления, самоограничения; самовоспроизведение, самосохранение. Автор подчеркивает, что условия, в которых приходится функционировать современным экономическим субъектам различных уровней, чрезвычайно актуализируют проблемы обеспечения самоорганизации экономических систем. При цитировании документа, используйте ссылку http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/3566 In this paper scientifically grounded the self-organization concept of economic systems. Selforganization requires the property of systems to strengthen the processes of their operation and development on the basis of the intrinsic abilities to organize their components and subsystems to regulate energy and information flows which are necessary for communicating with the external environment. The phenomenon of self-organization includes a wide range of processes, including selfordering, self-reliance, self-reproduction, self-construction, self-production, self-assembly, self-healing, self-preservation, self-regulation, etc. The author stresses that the conditions in which modern economic systems are operating increase to role of self-organization in everyday activities. When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/3566

In our early 21th century, an increasingly number of writers gets a real enthusiasm for woman-related themes. More precisely, their purpose is to underline the identity quest of women in our society. This kind of literature uncovers a constant involvement of body and sexuality closely linked to society and to cultural schemes that society imposes - thus leading these authors to hold an innovative discourse about women. Our research aims to show how a literary discourse, drawing from actual sociocultural, feminist and psychoanalytic discourses, conceives the Woman issue and which representation of woman it can create. At the hands of this reflection about the Woman issue and her identity, the study focuses on three female authors’ novels, Virginie Despentes, a french writer, Lucia Extebarría, a spanish writer and Maïssa Bey, an algerian French-speaking writer. The woman being is portrayed in her relations with male violence but also with her own violence linked to her relation to body and sexuality, and through human struggles and a social and cultural alienation. The female character is lonely, confined to an identity in which she does not recognize herself anymore and that she rejects. The quest for self-knowledge and for self-recognition lets its longings emerge, in contradiction with their remit. In the end of each novel, woman’s individualization is imaged through a takeover of speech. Self-reconstruction can only be possible thanks to a control of speech about oneself and the individuation quest has to keep going, En ce début du XXIème siècle, un nombre d’auteurs sans cesse plus important développe un véritable enthousiasme pour des thématiques féminines. Plus précisément, il s’agit pour eux de mettre en exergue la quête identitaire des femmes dans notre société. Cette littérature révèle une omniprésence du corps et de la sexualité en lien étroit avec la société et les schémas culturels imposés tenant ainsi un discours novateur sur les femmes. Le but de cette recherche est de montrer comment un discours littéraire, en reprenant les discours socioculturels, féministes et psychanalystes du moment, conçoit la question de la femme et quelle représentation de la femme il produit. Face à cette réflexion sur la question de la femme et son identité, cette thèse centre son étude sur les romans de trois auteurs, Virginie Despentes, écrivain français, Lucía Etxebarria, écrivain espagnol et Maïssa Bey, écrivain algérien francophone. L’être femme est représenté dans un rapport avec la violence masculine mais aussi avec sa propre violence, dans son rapport au corps et à la sexualité, par des relations humaines conflictuelles ainsi que par une aliénation sociale et culturelle. Le personnage féminin est un personnage seul, enfermé dans une identité dans laquelle il ne se reconnaît plus et qu’il rejette. La quête de soi et de la reconnaissance de soi laisse apparaître leurs aspirations, en contradictions avec leurs attributions. A la fin de chaque roman, l’individualisation de la femme est envisagée par la reprise de parole. La reconstruction de soi ne peut être permise que par la maîtrise de la parole sur soi, et la quête d’individualisation doit se poursuivre

This article approaches to the subject of urban planning in the Bogotá 50’s scenario from the experience of the Inter-American Center of House and Urban Planning (CINVA). It points out to the auto-construction project of houses proposed by this program as a part of a planning model that, submitted to the intervention of international programs, tried to approach from integral perspective main problems of the Colombian urban surroundings happening at the second half of XX century. Este artículo aborda el tema de la planeación urbana en el escenario bogotano de la década de los cincuenta a partir de la experiencia del Centro Interamericano de Vivienda y Planeamiento Urbano, CINVA. En tal sentido, se remite al proyecto de autoconstrucción de viviendas propuesto por este programa como parte de un modelo de planeación que, sujeto a la intervención de entes internacionales, pretendió abordar de manera integral las principales problemáticas del entorno urbano colombiano hacia la segunda mitad del siglo XX.

A narrativa é uma forma de pensamento discursivo que permite à criança pré-escolar construir progressivamente um sentido de si própria, enquanto se situa num mundo de relações e práticas sociais. Neste trabalho, conceitos de Wallon sobre o desenvolvimento e a linguagem na etapa personalista são utilizados como base teórica para discutir as contribuições de estudos sociointeracionistas contemporâneos sobre narrativas. O estudo do desenvolvimento da narrativa possibilita acompanhar o processo de incorporação, pela criança, de elementos dos outros e da cultura, ao mesmo tempo em que ela se diferencia como indivíduo, colocando-se como narradora e avaliando aquilo que conta. A apropriação de formas convencionais de contar histórias contribui para a organização e sofisticação do pensamento discursivo e da imaginação criadora, possibilitando que a criança desenvolva recursos cognitivos e afetivos para interagir com um mundo multidimensional, complexo e em constante processo de mudança. Narrative is a kind of discoursive thought that allows the preschooler child to progressively construct a sense of self, while she situates herself in a world of relationships and social practices. In this paper, Wallon’s concepts on development and language in the personalist stage are taken as a theoretical framework to discuss contributions of contemporary sociointeractionists studies on narrative. The study of narrative development permits that children’s process of incorporation of others and cultural elements may be followed, at the same time as they differentiate themselves as individuals who narrate and evaluate what is told. The appropriation of conventional forms of telling stories contributes to the discoursive thought organization and sophistication and of creative imagination. This appropriation enables children to develop cognitive and affective resources to interact with a multidimensional world that is complex and changeable. La narrativa es una forma de pensamiento discursivo que permite al niño preescolar construir progresivamente un sentido de sí propio mientras se sitúa en un mundo de relaciones y prácticas sociales. En este trabajo conceptos de Wallon sobre el desarrollo y el lenguaje en la etapa personalista son utilizados como base teórica para discutir las contribuciones de estudios sociointeraccionistas contemporáneos sobre narrativas. El estudio del desarrollo de la narrativa posibilita acompañar el proceso de incorporación, por el niño, de elementos de los otros y de la cultura, al mismo tiempo en que él se diferencia como individuo, colocándose como narrador y evaluando lo que cuenta. La apropriación de formas convencionales de contar historias contribuye para la organización y sofisticación del pensamiento discursivo y de la imaginación creadora, posibilitándole al niño desarrollar recursos cognitivos y afectivos para interaccionar con un mundo multidimensional, complejo y en constante proceso de cambio.

El barrio Almeda de Cornellá de Llobregat es un ejemplo de la transformación de una urbanización marginal de un espacio rural en una nueva centralidad periférica, del interior de la conurbación urbana de Barcelona. La creación y primera evolución del barrio Almeda sigue el modelo de urbanización marginal, definida así por la baja calidad de las viviendas construidas y por la carencia más elemental de servicios y equipamientos básicos para crear un entorno urbanístico favorable. Se trata de una simple operación de parcelación para cambiar el uso del suelo de rural a urbano sin urbanizar el entorno. Posteriormente, la administración pública sé ira haciendo cargo de la realización de los equipamientos e infraestructuras urbanísticas como respuesta a las necesidades de bienestar desatendidas de los residentes. Finalmente, el proceso culmina al cabo de ochenta años cuando el barrio Almeda se consolida como un espacio con un entorno urbanístico satisfactorio que favorece la construcción de viviendas de calidad., The Almeda district in Cornellá de Llobregat is an example of how a marginal housing estate in a rural area can be transformed into a new outlying area of importance, within the city conurbation of Barcelona. The Almeda district’s creation and initial evolution obeys the model of marginal town-planning, thus defined by the low quality of housing built and by the fundamental lack of services and basic equipment needed to create a favourable urban environment. It is a simple operation of dividing the land into plots to change the use of the land from rural to urban, without urbanizing the surrounding area. Subsequently, the public administration gradually takes care of installing the equipment and town-planning infrastructures in reply to the neglected welfare needs of the residents. Finally, the process reaches its peak after eighty years when the Almeda district is consolidated as an area with a satisfactory urbanistic environment, favouring the construction of quality housing.

Este artigo pretende fornecer uma resposta à conferência "O vício da virtude", de Chico de Oliveira, publicada nesta revista na edição de março de 2006. Contra o argumento de que o processo de autoconstrução não deve ser estimulado, pois depende de trabalhadores desempregados e não contribui para a criação de um mercado imobiliário, sustenta-se que o trabalhador que autoconstrói é o proprietário de um imóvel disposto, se necessário, à circulação mercantil.This article provides an answer to the main arguments of the conference "The vice of the virtue", by Francisco de Oliveira, published in issue 74 of this journal. Against the argument that collaborative building should neither be stimulated nor be transformed into public policy, for it depends on unemployed workers and does not contribute to create a real-estate market, it states that the worker involved in the process of collaborative building is the owner of a propriety that can be subject, if necessary, to market circulation.

Personal and career development interventions aim to help people find answers to personal and career development issues that stem from the societal context in which they live. Societal definitions of these career issues have a double consequence. On the one hand, these issues differ from one culture to another; and, on the other, they evolve along with the contexts in which they are expressed. Implementation of rigorous career development interventions requires, first, a scientific reconstruction of these societal issues and, second, a clear definition of these interventions' goals and ends. Our current view of the societal issues relating to personal and career development interventions may be phrased thus--"How can we help individuals direct their lives, in the (human) society where they interact?" It may be turned into the following scientific question: "What are the factors and processes of life-long self-construction?" An articulation of three major propositions (sociological, cognitive and dynamic) seems to be needed to answer this question. Such a theoretical frame does not allow for a definition of personal and career development interventions ends. In the world of today, the adoption by everyone of a personal ethic of responsibility towards all life on Earth (H. Jonas) could well be a fundamental end to these interventions., Departamento de Psicología

9 pages, 10 figures, This work explores the possibility of producing some specific power laws (with exponential cut-off) out from a partitional dynamics. The data obtained from the partitions of integers in the interval 1-60 have been used to find the coefficients of a power law and its exponential cut-off, and also of a single hyperbolic form after renormalization. There is also the speculation that this type of power law, so easily derived from arithmetic minimalist operations, may underlie the communication exchanges of living cells and the structural games of self-constructing agents endowed with relative structural freedom. © 2004 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved

In her diary from the 1830s, Collett's aesthetics are based on romantic topics, motifs and themes. In this article I demonstrate how the romantic rhetoric is appropriated and then subverted, with the result of a self-construction with a distinctive feminist stand.

Half-way between slum-housing and state-planned flat-building programs, a new form of housing has particularly developed in Marocco which often gives the local population an opportunity to escape “sub-integration” (Naciri): the lost-cost housing estates. The flexibility of the formula is in relation with the development of these estates. A formula allows self-building, transformation and extension of the housing and also the possibility (too often used in a speculative aim) to integrate shops and to hire flats., Entre les bidonvilles et les opérations d’habitat collectif de l’Etat, une forme de logement s’est particulièrement développée au Maroc: les lotissements d’habitat économique. Elle constitue pour la population un premier pas hors de la “sous-intégration” (Naciri). Leur dynamisme n’est pas étranger à la souplesse de la formule. Elle permet l’auto-construction, la transformation et l’extension du logement, et aussi la possibilité (trop souvent exploitée de manière spéculative) d’intégrer des locaux commerciaux et de louer des appartements.