Search

Results for Scots pine and Norway spruce are discussed from a number of studies mainly in S. Finland by different authors. From autocorrelation and cross correlation analyses it is concluded that in Scots pine the most important factors were the effective temperature sum for the latter part of the growing season and, especially on arid sites, the precipitation sum during May-July; in Norway spruce the most important factor was the effective temperature sum of the growing season, although warm periods in the latter parts of the previous summer had a negative effect on indices.

Variation of cellular proportion within the same growth rings counted from the pith of the stems and branches in four trees of Roth was studied. The fibre percentage decreased from breast height to the crown and then increased in the branches. The reverse trend was found in the percentage of vessels and parenchyma, although the latter varied relatively little. No statistically significant differences were found in the percentages of fibres, vessels and rays within the same growth rings counted from the pith between the stems and branches. In both the stem and the branches, the proportion of fibres increased and that of vessels and rays decreased from the pith to the surface. Even crown formed wood differed from that of stem formed.Betula pendula

The annual earlywood, latewood and total radial growth in black spruce from organic and mineral soils of varying depths, composition, ad moisture regimes of three locations in Ontario were investigated. Growth in relation to site, temperature, and precipitation was assessed. Statistical analyses of the radial width increments expressed as percentages of trend over thirty years' growth, showed significant crossdating. Total annual and earlywood increments are correlated with mean March-April and March temperature; latewood increments are not. There is no relationship between growth and precipitation. These findings hold for trees from organic and mineral soil sites up to approximately five hundred miles apart. It is concluded that spring mean temperature is independent of site or other climatic factors, and results suggest that spring temperature indirectly controls radial growth. Primary direct controls are presumably internal, i.e. physiologic and genetic. Thesis Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

Distinct zones of growth were usually only found in tropical deciduous trees with a periodically resting cambium. Reversedly a periodically resting cambium proved not to produce always distinct zones. All possible combinations of cambial activity and the formation of zones were shown to occur in the tropics. The zones could be distinguished in cross-sections by a) radial compression of the fibres formed before the new burst of cambial activity, b) a thin circular layer of parenchyma, c) a thin layer of libriform fibres, d) alternating widths of layers of libriform fibres and parenchyma, e) layers alternating in vessel diameter or arrangement. Most species formed either marked zones in east and west Java or less marked or irregular zones in the more even climate of west Java. Only a few species formed no growth zones at all in the more even climate.Young trees often did not form growth zones or only temporary ones, so that the zones were not a direct indication of age. Imported evergreen trees (except leafy trees with individually flushing branches) from cooler climates had no zones or vague ones. Renewed growth in leafy trees was always induced by substances or stimuli conducted from the sprouting leaf buds (and later from leaves) or from flowers (in leafless trees).

© The Author(s), 2016. This is the authors version of the work and is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Marine Chemistry 186 (2016): 11-23, doi:10.1016/j.marchem.2016.07.001. Here we provide first evidence that the stable oxygen and carbon isotopic composition (δ18O, δ13C) of the high-magnesium calcite skeleton red coral Corallium rubrum can be used as a reliable seawater temperature proxy. This is based upon the analyses of living colonies of C. rubrum from different depths and localities in the Western Mediterranean Sea. The assessment of the growth rates has been established through the analysis of growth band patterns. The δ18O and δ13C compositions show large variability with a significant difference between the branches and the bases of the colonies. In both coral portions, the δ18O and δ13C values are highly correlated and show well-defined linear trends. Following the “lines technique” approach developed by Smith et al. (2000) for scleractinian aragonitic deep-water corals, our data have been combined with published values for the deep-sea gorgonian corals Isididae and Coralliidae from Kimball et al. (2014) and Hill et al. (2011) resulting in the following δ18O temperature equation: T (°C) = 38 -5.05 ± 0.24 x (δ18Ointercept) + 14.26 ± 0.43 (R² = 0.962, p value < 0.0001) The error associated with this equation is ± 0.5 °C at the mean temperature of the data set, ± 0.7 °C for corals living in 2 °C water and ± 1 °C for coral living in warmer water (17 °C). The highly significant δ18Ointercept vs. temperature relationship combined with the “lines technique” method can be reliably applied to the calcitic skeleton to obtain calcification temperature estimates in the past, although this approach requires the knowledge of the past δ18O and δ13C composition of seawater and it is labor and time intensive. We are grateful for the financial support of the MISTRALS-PaleoMeX and ENVIMED projects. 2018-07-05