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Translanguaging enables students to communicate in multiple languages in an English-dominant classroom. It has received considerable attention from scholars in content and language integrated learning (CLIL). Its implementation in primary schools in European countries has been adopted in Asian countries, including Indonesia. This study employed a narrative inquiry investigating a teacher who taught first graders both content matter and English during the COVID-19 forced-remote learning. Furthermore, data were gathered using semi-structured interviews to guide the participant in narrating CLIL science teaching experiences. Virtual observations were carried out eight times to obtain evidence of translanguaging practiced. Due to forced-remote learning, the results indicated that the teacher had to find the most convenient ways to instruct the young students without adding to their burden. Furthermore, it was reported that scaffolding by translanguaging was planned systematically by valuing the students’ L1 and alternating it with English as the target language. The findings also discussed the practical implications of this study to maintain young learners' (YLs) engagement through translanguaging strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dr. Tarja Nikula is a professor at the Centre for Applied Language Studies at the University of Jyväskylä in Finland. She received her PhD degree from this university in 1996. She has published widely in the field of Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) and has been involved in international research collaborations. She has co-edited the book Language Use and Language Learning in CLIL Classrooms, and recently the book entitled Conceptualising Integration in CLIL and Multilingual Education. Furthermore, she has co-edited a special issue with a focus on CLIL in Language Learning Journal. Her research interests include language learning and use, and disciplinary literacies in classroom practice. During a virtual interview on January 24, 2022, Dr. Huseyin Uysal chatted with her about her scholarship in CLIL. Dr. Nikula explained how she was involved in CLIL, and how it shaped her scholarship. Then, she shared her thoughts on CLIL implementation and on the future directions in CLIL research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study was a case study on the application of Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) for an Artificial Intelligence (AI) English reading course in the Chinese general English education (GEE) context. It aimed to investigate the effectiveness of CLIL in improving EFL learners' AI general knowledge. It was significant for the practice of applying CLIL in China and provided some recommendations for the teaching of AI English. This study proposed two research questions: 1. What are the effects of CLIL in improving students' AI general knowledge?; 2. How do students perceive CLIL? An Artificial Intelligence English reading course was conducted as a teaching experiment in a GEE class of 45 students at Chongqing Technology and Business University, China. Both quantitative and qualitative methods were applied in data collection and data analysis. Research results indicated that Content and Language Integrated Learning effectively improved EFL learners' AI general knowledge and was a teaching method applicable to most students taking part in the teaching experiment. CLIL was worthy of being further implemented and studied in the Chinese GEE context. Besides, the research results also suggested that AI-related content was feasible in Chinese GEE. Students demonstrated the need to learn both general and professional AI knowledge. AI English was a subject that needs to be further explored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article considers two approaches to training in high medical school: 1) using English as a Medium of Instruction and 2) Content and Language Integrated Learning the emergence of which was related to a wide spread of bilingualism in society, importance of increase in competitiveness of graduates of domestic universities on international labor market. The authors present the models of teaching within the stated approaches which promote the efficiency of professional training of future doctors in solving professional problems on the basis of implementation of foreign language competence. The paper defines the conditions of content and language integrated models implementation into the learning process. In conclusion, it is noted that the integration of subject and language experience contributes to the optimization of foreign language training and significant improvement of the quality of the educational process. The most pressing issues requiring additional research are identified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Bartin University Journal of Faculty of Education is the property of Bartin University Journal of Faculty of Education and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The success of bilingual immersion programmes has promoted the debate about whether learners' first language (L1) should be used in foreign language classrooms. Nevertheless, Content and Language Integrated Learning, a pedagogical approach embedded in the development of multilingualism and multiliteracy theories, has overstepped the monolingual principle by allowing for more flexibility in the choice of instructional languages. Previous research has emphasised chiefly the reasons and effects of embracing a shared language, other than the target language, in content-based bilingual classrooms, while this paper intends to investigate the correlations between L1 use with learner factors, the understanding of which can shed light on more efficient translanguaging practices. Through a cross-sectional approach, the present study was contextualised in a large-scale, content-based English as a foreign language programme and drew on 335 undergraduates, who completed a series of questionnaires and tests. Correlation and regression analyses primarily demonstrated that English proficiency was the most significant predictor of learners' overall attitude to L1 instruction in classrooms, followed by content proficiency and language learning motivation. Gender was a non-significant variable for learners' overall perspective on L1 employment but was related to the constructs about using the L1 for phatic purposes, with male students requiring more translanguaging assistance. The paper concludes with the implication that the desire for L1 use is associated with various learner factors and that teachers should be aware of how to encourage and regulate translanguaging practices for differing instructional purposes as per the changing needs in classrooms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Content and Language Integrated Learning signifies studying a core subject (Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry, Engineering and so on) while simultaneously studying a language. It means integrating the two, with each serving the purpose of the other. Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) is increasingly being used worldwide as it centers not only on content but on content and language both at the same time. There is no language without content and there is no content without language. This quantitative study discusses the use of CLIL in English language teaching (ELT). It dissects how teachers' training and experience affect content development. A ttest analysis was conducted to analyze the effect of teachers' training and teaching experiences on the use and impact of Content and Language Integrated Learning. The t-test analysis carried out for this study revealed that there was no significant relationship between teachers' training programme and the use of CLIL (P<0.05), and teacher's experience and the impact of CLIL (P<0.05). But the results achieved in this study invariably show that a majority of teachers have found that on-the-job, in-service CLIL teachers training program had hugely and positively affected their teaching performance and the language accomplishments of their English language students. And this was the central goal or purpose for which the present study was conducted. Therefore, this study recommends on-the-job, in-service CLIL training for teachers which will ensure that they remain in touch with the global trends of CLIL in ELT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Research in Education Sciences is the property of National Taiwan Normal University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction. Subjects’ integration in formal teaching can play an important role in addressing the issue of authentic and meaningful learning as opposed to rote memorisation. Content and language integrated learning has been the subject of educational studies for three decades. The scope of research is broad, and from the primary focus on foreign language performance, it has been slowly extended to the impact of Content and language integrated learning on content and mother tongue. The purpose of the research is to summarize selected research articles on Content and language integrated learning application and to estimate its summary average effect on content development in a group of students aged 10‒16. Materials and Methods. The article presents the systematic review of the studies published in the Web of Science database in the last decade (2010–2020) and surveys the selected empirical studies that focus on the impact of Content and language integrated learning implementation on the content subjects at primary and secondary schools. Sixteen studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the analysis. Data from six studies were also statistically evaluated using Comprehensive meta analysis and RevMan software, and the synthesis is presented in the Results and Discussion parts. Results. Based on the 16 discussed studies’ results, Content and language integrated learning intervention produces positive added value; however, the statistical meta-analysis showed no statistically significant differences between the Content and language integrated learning and non-CLIL groups in their content knowledge and the results favouring non-CLIL groups. As the groups’ size differed in terms of absolute value, the pooled standard deviation was used to reflect the sample sizes and standard deviation were averaged with more weight given to the larger sample groups. Discussion and Conclusion The practical significance and prospects of the study lie in pointing out the benefits of Content and language integrated learning and stressing the importance of its inclusion in teacher training study programmes along with the development of pre-service teachers’ creativity, critical thinking and ability to create their materials.

A relatively new approach to teaching students of non-linguistic areas of education and specialties in a foreign language and profile specialty is Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL). The uniqueness of the approach lies in the fact that in the course of one integrated course students simultaneously master both a professional foreign language and a specialized discipline or specialty. However, the implementation of this approach in practice requires the formation of a number of professional competencies in an integrated course teacher: foreign language communicative competence, competence in a specialized specialty, competence in the methodology of teaching a foreign language and the specialized specialty. This paper presents the experience of the Derzhavin Tambov State University in developing a personnel reserve program aimed at training teachers of integrated courses.

Multilingual learners (MLs) in English-medium classrooms often experience difficulties in understanding science concepts and developing disciplinary literacy as traditional science classrooms focus mostly on the verbal modes of communication, which creates a disadvantaged learning environment for MLs compared to their peers who are English monolingual learners (EMLs). This study investigates the effect of Virtual Reality (VR)-mediated multimodal meaning-making embedded in a science unit on science knowledge acquisition (SK) and disciplinary literacy in science (DL-S) for MLs and EMLs. Participants were 97 middle school 7th and 8th grade students. The current study is a mixed-methods study analyzing quantitative data followed by qualitative analysis. Researchers utilized a 2x2 quasi-experimental, pre- and post-test design to study the science knowledge and science literacy outcomes of two different types of learners (i.e., MLs and EMLs) under two different modes (immersive VR vs. desktop VR). Quantitative analysis demonstrates significant improvements in SK and DL-S for both MLs and EMLs in this VR-enhanced science unit. Participants engaging with immersive VR exhibited notably higher post-test scores in SK and DL-S compared to desktop VR users. Qualitative findings suggest that the immersive VR environment provides more visual—and gestural-focused meaning-making opportunities and unique multimodal affordances that support the focal ML's disciplinary literacy practice. This study provides evidence that the incorporation of immersive VR instruction may create a space for visual- and gestural-focused meaning-making, which contributes to both MLs and EML students' development of disciplinary literacy in science. • Multilingual learners (MLs) improved their disciplinary literacy in science (DL-S) scores. • Immersive Virtual Reality (IVR) groups outperformed desktop VR groups. • The IVR version engages students in visual- and gestural-focused meaning-making. • The multimodal affordances of IVR supported MLs' disciplinary literacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article focuses on the problem of Mathematics and English Integrated Learning (MLIL) by future Mathematics teachers. Our literature review on the problem shows a variety of aspects that scientists consider when studying the MLIL model. However, previous researches did not consider the problem of appropriate learning materials (LM) for MLIL in detail. The paper shows the results of two conducted surveys of students majoring in Mathematics and Secondary Education (Mathematics) in Ukraine (82 and 32 participants, respectively). They helped us to make a conclusion about: the importance of the integrated learning for both mathematical and language students’ competence; the importance of syllabus elements reflecting both the mathematical and linguistic components of the goals, objectives, and the expected learning outcomes; the necessity of the MLIL content to be consistent with the current needs of students; the necessity of using different means of scaffolding, in particular the opportunities of ICT.

This study utilizes a systematic review process to synthesize research on content and language integrated learning (CLIL) teachers’ self-reported needs and professional development. In order to draw connections between these two areas of research and highlight gaps, this study adopted a framework composed of seven competences: linguistic, pedagogical, scientific knowledge, organizational, interpersonal, collaborative, and reflective. Six electronic databases were used, and a forward and backward search was conducted. After considering inclusion criteria, 43 articles were included, with 33 studies for teachers’ needs, nine for professional development, and one for accounting for both. The findings of the review showcase that not all competences have received equal coverage in the literature. In some cases, teachers’ reported needs within a ­competence were not addressed in the professional development literature. Further, the reports of many ­competences seem to be general, suggesting future work may need to examine each competence in more depth.

Limited studies investigate the high school teachers’ challenges and ­strategies while teaching science and mathematics in English as the target language through the ­content and ­language integrated learning (CLIL) approach. Hence, this study aimed to ­investigate the ­challenges that science and math teachers encounter and the strategies they employ while fostering students’ development of proficiency in English as the target language in ­physics, ­chemistry, biology, and mathematics courses in the International General Certificate of ­Secondary ­Education (IGCSE) and International Baccalaureate Diploma Program (IBDP). The study utilized ­various qualitative tools such as semi-structured interviews, open-ended ­questionnaires, and lesson ­observations to analyze science and math teachers’ strategies and challenges at a case school in eastern Turkey. The study revealed that as part of the CLIL approach, the ­participant teachers indicated various challenges such as a lack of vocabulary repertoire, translation ­problems, and weak foundational knowledge. They used common strategies such as group work ­interactions, interdisciplinary activities, individualized feedback, the promotion of higher-order thinking skills, inquiry-based learning, and reinforcement of language used to deal with these ­challenges. The study presents further implications for good practices and recommendations to resolve ­challenges.

Introduction. The article raises the problem of the necessity of organizing conditions for profession-oriented foreign languages training for non-linguistic students in accordance with the requirements of competence-based approach to education. Professional specialization in foreign languages education is considered in terms of educational process approximation to the real communicative experience in specific professional sphere. The goal of the article is screening, selection and analysis of conceptual bases in higher language education for non-linguistic students.Materials and Methods. To achieve the goal the following research methods were used: the study and comparative analysis of pedagogical, psychological, methodological Russian and foreign literature representing the modern views on current concepts in non-major language education; generalization and synthesis of the most relevant for this paper scientific results; conceptual foresight and modeling the language educational process based on the theoretical results of this research.Results. Quantitative analysis of the reviewed studies on specific methods of profession-oriented foreign languages teaching made it possible to select three the most scientifically justified perspectives on this issue. Language for specific purposes (LSP), content and language integrated learning (CLIL) and context-based approach are considered as the means of professional specialization in foreign languages education. As a result of the research we allocated the most essential characteristics of the described procedures and drew a conclusion about the reasonability of their implementation on different stages of the educational process.Discussion and Conclusions. The results of the analysis may be of interest for those who study specific methods of foreign languages teaching for non-linguistic students as well as the problem of international profession-oriented communicative competency formation in higher education. The theoretical results of the study may form the basis of practical use in specific teaching guides and training materials in language classes for various kinds of non-linguistic specialization areas.

Computer science is regarded one of the subjects best suited for teaching with ICT-supported CLIL, as the English language is the lingua franca of computing, and the computer science classroom is an ideal place to apply digital technologies. This paper aims to explore the role of content and language integrated learning (CLIL) in the teaching and learning of computer science in English – focusing especially on using information and communication technology (ICT). For this purpose, a systematic literature review based on the PRISMA protocol was carried out. A total of 31 documents published in the period 2011–2021 on CLIL in computer science and ICT in the CLIL environment were analysed. In this article, first, the advantages of using CLIL in computer science will be discussed, followed by illustrating the benefits and challenges of applying ICT in CLIL lessons. Finally, trends in research on technology enhanced CLIL will be presented, outlining existing findings as well as identifying research gaps in the field. The most important shortcomings and difficulties outlined in the related literature are the limited research on both CLIL and ICT supported CLIL in the subject of computer science, the inconsistent terminology for using ICT in CLIL, and the need in CLIL teacher training courses for the effective use of digital technologies. Therefore, the findings of this paper identify a variety of future research agendas in order to increase the effective, ICT-supported CLIL in the subject of computer science.

This study sets two main objectives to address this research gap in CLIL materials design: to identify and to evaluate teachers’ approaches to text modification. The study focuses on four secondary teachers who teach non-language subjects to grades 7–9 in Finland, in English. The qualitative data consist of interviews and teaching materials designed by the participants. A review of over 60 studies is conducted in order to provide a framework for the evaluation of input modification strategies. The studies indicate that elaboration devices seem to enhance L2 comprehension and vocabulary development. The same cannot be as confidently stated about the effect of simplification. This study identifies all three main approaches to text modification in the participants’ teaching materials. Regardless of their previous teaching experience, most teachers use elaboration strategies when adjusting the linguistic and cognitive level of texts. More experienced teachers seem to avoid using simplification strategies, whilst less experienced teachers adopt a wide range of strategies. All participants use some types of rediscursification strategy. This study can provide the professionals in the field of CLIL education with an insight into the reality of how CLIL practitioners modify materials. The results may also contribute to CLIL teacher education and in-service training by informing teachers of the commonly used input modification strategies and raising awareness of the effectiveness of these techniques.

Abstract Background The growing population of students that are learning science through a Content and Language Integrated Learning approach (CLIL) has led to concerns about these students’ ability to fully participate in a rich classroom discourse to develop content knowledge. A lack of information about science development through classroom discourse in CLIL settings brought us to focus on the questions teachers ask in upper secondary CLIL biology classrooms. Our aim was to understand how these questions effect science content learning opportunities. A multiple-case study design was implemented to examine and understand the complexities of teacher-student interactions. Data were collected in three case studies, each located in a different school (two in Germany and one in Italy), where CLIL senior secondary science classrooms were observed and audio-recorded. Classroom talk transcripts were analyzed using a mixed methods approach to discourse analysis. Results Findings suggest that a teacher’s strategic use of questions has the potential to promote both science understanding and science language development. Questioning contingent on students’ answers was observed to both promote content understanding and to lessen the linguistic demand on CLIL students by splitting both reasoning processes and language production into more manageable units. In addition, a higher level of cognitive engagement was present only when students managed to participate in the classroom discourse with answers longer than single utterances. To allow students to actively participate in the classroom discourse, teachers were observed adopting and promoting translanguaging practices, that is, the flexible use of more than one linguistic code. Furthermore, teachers asked language-related questions that promoted both understanding and use of disciplinary language. Conclusions The questioning practices observed in this study offer both practitioners and researchers ways of understanding issues of content access in upper secondary CLIL science classrooms. We recommend STEM teachers in CLIL settings not to oversimplify the linguistic demand on students, as this leads to an oversimplification of content. To lessen the linguistic barriers, practical strategies are recommended to support both cognitively and linguistically productive questioning in STEM CLIL classrooms.

Expansive assessment seeks to reimagine assessment in content and language integrated learning (CLIL) through the lens of expansive theories of communication (e.g., multimodality, translanguaging). However, for expansive assessment to be consequential for students in CLIL classrooms, teachers must be open to recognizing student learning expressed in ways that go beyond what has been traditionally privileged (e.g., written English). This article reports on two complementary studies of U.S. teachers' perspectives and practices related to expansive assessment. Study 1 addressed multimodal assessment with pre-service teachers (PSTs) in science. Study 2 addressed translanguaged assessment with in-service teachers (ISTs) in language arts. Participants in Study 1 were 10 PSTs. Participants in Study 2 were two ISTs from different elementary schools with different instructional arrangements. Interviews and observations were used to elicit teachers' perspectives on expansive assessment and their practices interpreting students' performances. In both studies, teachers' perspectives closely reflected their practices. For example, PSTs whose perspectives eschewed logocentrism tended to recognize evidence of science learning in students' visual responses. However, there were also findings unique to each study. For example, ISTs' perspectives and practices related to translanguaged assessment were mediated by the language policies at their schools. The two studies, which examined different teacher populations, assessment approaches, and content areas, converge in highlighting three overarching themes to guide future research: (a) the importance of clarity regarding constructs assessed, (b) the contextual mediation of teachers' perspectives and practices, and (c) the need for teacher learning across their careers. • Expansive assessment can offer a more complete picture of students' content learning. • Teachers' perspectives on expansive assessment reflect their assessment practices. • Teachers' perspectives and practices are mediated by their contexts. • Teachers may benefit from critical reflection on their perspectives and practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relationship between technology and society is an ever-changing dynamic, but one in which education is a key domain. In educational practice, the use of computer technology has increasingly become an inseparable part of teaching students in numerous ways across the world. The COVID-19 global pandemic accelerated this dramatically, with online teaching environments becoming the sole way for students to access education for extended periods of time. This shift to online teaching also required that teachers learn new skills and deal with new challenges. Based on mixed-methods research conducted with 20 teachers from an established content and language integrated learning school in mainland China, this research paper investigates the different challenges and problems that were faced by content and language integrated learning teachers in their experiences of online teaching and, in tandem with wider content and language integrated learning and technology-enhanced language learning literature, develops some potential solutions for future use.

Background: Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) is a European innovative interdisciplinary educational convergence that intends to promote multilingual competence among students through the learning of the subjects in a second/foreign language. This approach is considered one of the significant developments in the field of education. Purpose: A research study was designed with the objective of exploring and understanding the nature and method of CLIL practices prevalent in bilingual primary and secondary school classrooms in Castilla La Mancha, Spain. Spain was chosen because it is one of the pioneering countries that steered an exhaustive variety of research and experiments in CLIL practices in its diverse educational contexts. Methods: Adopting qualitative research method Participant Classroom Observations, twenty classes of two bilingual schools--fifteen classes of Natural Science and Social Science in primary school and five classes of Music at Secondary School that used CLIL approach were observed and findings recorded using observation template. Results: The findings provided a myriad view of the bilingual experiences in the classrooms, diversity and range of pedagogical practices used, student teacher interaction dynamics present, positive learning environment provided for the students in the classes to mention a few. Conclusion: The study concludes with the understanding of the 'added value' and the numerous benefits the approach provides for the students. As a fresh and innovative approach, CLIL promotes holistic and meaningful learning catering to the needs of twenty first century education systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article is dedicated to the problem of content and language integrated learning (CLIL) in modern methodical and scientific literature of native and foreign scholars. The notion CLIL is explained, advantages of the presented methodology are pointed out. Special attention is paid to choosing the types of activities for teaching English the 1st year students at higher educational establishments of Ukraine which encourage studying a foreign language, help to develop creative mental abilities of learners, purposeful mastering of lexical units. The importance of the presented methodology and types of activities give opportunities learners to acquire knowledge in other subjects which they will use in their future professional activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Content and language integrated learning (CLIL) has become popular in bilingual educational contexts around the world. In Hong Kong, medium of instruction (MOI) in secondary schools has received great attention among teachers, students and parents over the years. After the handover of Hong Kong to China, the local government launched the mother-tongue language policy. However, many parents believe that English as a medium of instruction (EMI) secondary schools are better than Chinese (Cantonese) as a medium of instruction (CMI) schools. After years of discussion, the government implemented a 'fine-tuning' language policy which allows more schools to offer EMI curriculum. These development of language policy have prompted policy makers and educators to rethink whether monolingual instructional approach benefits students the most in CLIL classrooms. Reviewing the language policy in Hong Kong, this paper suggests that English-medium CLIL programmes, with purposeful use of Cantonese, should be promoted in Hong Kong secondary schools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Введение. Необходимость внедрения методов обучения, способствующих созданию мультиязыкового образовательного пространства в российских вузах, обусловлена стремлением российского высшего образования к повышению собственной конкурентоспособности на мировой арене. Одним из способов решения данной задачи выступает интегрированный предметно-языковой подход (Content and Language Integrated Learning, CLIL). Для своей успешной реализации подход требует дополнительной подготовки преподавателей инженерных образовательных программ, заключающейся в формировании необходимого набора компетенций, который в рамках данной работы определяется как CLIL-компетенция. Цель – определить понятие «CLIL-компетенция преподавателя инженерных образовательных программ», ее составляющие и критерии сформированности, а также предложить механизмы для ее формирования. Материал и методы. Использованы теоретические методы сравнительного анализа, синтеза и обобщения исследований зарубежных и отечественных авторов, посвященных изучению компетенций, необходимых для качественной реализации CLIL-обучения. Методом педагогического моделирования поэтапно описан процесс формирования CLIL-компетенции вузовского преподавателя инженерных образовательных программ и подходы к измерению уровня ее сформированности. Метод сравнительного анализа, синтеза и обобщения научно-методической литературы, описывающей мировые практики реализации CLIL-обучения, а также содержание экзамена TKT: CLIL, позволил определить наполнение курса повышения квалификации, направленного на формирование CLIL-компетенции. Результаты и обсуждение. Дано определение понятию «CLIL-компетенция преподавателя инженерных образовательных программ» на основе списка общекультурных, общепрофессиональных и профессиональных компетенций, необходимых для реализации CLIL-обучения. Разработаны критерии сформированности данной компетенции и их дескрипторы на основе дидактических принципов CLIL-подхода и содержания экзамена TKT: CLIL. Построена модель формирования CLIL-компетенции на базе курса повышения квалификации «Преподавание профильной дисциплины на иностранном языке на основе CLIL-подхода», разработанного на платформе Moodle. Заключение. Эффективная реализация CLIL-обучения, представляющего собой подход, способствующий созданию мультиязыковой образовательной среды современного российского вуза, сопряжена с необходимостью развития у преподавателей инженерных образовательных программ соответствующего набора знаний, умений и навыков, т. е. с необходимостью формирования CLIL-компетенции. Данная задача может быть решена в процессе повышения квалификации с использованием метода педагогического моделирования.

The aim of the paper is to offer a critical comparison of approaches to English language instruction – two CLIL and ESP provision. The theoretical section falls into two parts, each devoted to one of the respective approaches. The latter section of the paper is devoted to linguistic aspects of instruction and bring to the readers’ attention the phenomenon of English as a lingua franca, followed by a presentation of a taxonomy of effective CLIL provision based on research carried out in schools in The Netherlands by Rick de Graaff and collaborators (Graaff et al., 2006, 2007).

A tendency to academic mobility becomes a focus of Russian higher education system which is stimulated by the labor market. Today it is not enough to speak a foreign language to get a job, it is important to have a practical experience of work abroad. Many universities introduce bilingual programs to attract more foreign students and to raise university’s prestige among Russian enrollees. At the same time academic mobility requires high level of a foreign language, English in most cases. The goal of this research is to describe one of the variants of bilingual education which may benefit higher education in Russia and help Russian students master a foreign language. Content and language integrated learning (CLIL) is a relatively new methodology for both linguistic and non-linguistic education in Russia and its introduction may cause certain problems. The study analyzes these problems and offers their solution. The experiment held within this research revealed the main obstacles of CLIL implementation from the point of view of students majoring in Pedagogy. Among them are lack of human resources (teachers able to implement CLIL in class); the need for content adaptation (the degree of complexity of a subject must correspond to the level of a foreign language of the group); methodology (teachers must learn to combine subject teaching with language teaching finding the right balance between the methods used) and lack of textbooks (foreign subject textbooks might be too difficult for Russian students). At the same time, future-teachers who took part in the experiment showed readiness for introduction of CLIL pedagogy in their practice. The paper offers an example of a CLIL lesson plan.

Copyright of Latin American Journal of Content & Language Integrated Learning is the property of Universidad de La Sabana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Latin American Journal of Content & Language Integrated Learning is the property of Universidad de La Sabana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Immersion & Content-Based Language Education is the property of John Benjamins Publishing Co. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The issue of efficient technologies integration into educational environment has been a mainstream today. The present paper is focused on the issue of authenticity enhancement through learning technologies that are integrated into Public Relations course in the framework of Content and Language Integrated Learning. Based on the questionnaire conducted among lecturers of the university, the authors analyzed teachers' perception of authenticity and the ways of authenticity introduction in classes through educational materials, tasks and assessment. The findings of the empirical study, present evidence that technologies provide teachers with an opportunity to bridge the gap between the classroom and a real world as well as add variety to learning authentic activities. Technologies also contribute to the implementation of four pillars of Content and Language Integrated Learning strategy: content, cognition, communication and socio-cultural competence. The combination of authenticity and technologies transforms the students' perception of studying from theoretical into a practical and engaging experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When Covid-19 spread and became a serious health threat to the world in the earlier part of 2020, many university English language teaching (ELT) practitioners moved their classes online. Not only did ELT practitioners have to master the technicalities of an online application (e.g., Zoom), they had to go ahead without much foresight; teaching a full module online was basically unchartered waters for many of them. Moreover, it was largely unknown what impact an online module might have on student learning. This paper is about an academic writing module that was fully taught online in the National University of Singapore for the first time. It presents some of the changes made in the online mode, feedback from students on their learning online and recommendations. The data comes from the four classes of students (58 responses) I taught in the first semester of academic year 2020/2021 (13 weeks, Aug - Nov, 2020).

This is an empirical study which aims to examine the profile of Spanish university students in bilingual degree programs that employ English as a medium of instruction by utilizing the bilingual section of the teaching degree course at the University of Granada as a sample. To this end, a questionnaire was applied to 216 students. While 75% of the students reported having problems when following a bilingual class, these difficulties were found to diminish or disappear after the first trimester. The majority of the students (70%) were satisfied with the program offered but they also detected some deficiencies, which provided a basis for various suggestions as to how university bilingual programs might be improved.

Social issues are believed to enrich English language teaching with meaningful topics. In this article we describe and reflect on an innovative practice which combined content and language integrated learning with comprehensive sexual education at a state secondary school in Argentina. By law, comprehensive sexual education must be included across the Argentinian curriculum and English language learning cannot be the exception. Therefore, we designed and implemented a collaborative-driven innovation that allowed learners to learn English and comprehensive sexual education with a focus on authentic materials, purposes, and tasks. The innovation was developed over a month and it involved learners delivering presentations on comprehensive sexual education topics. Reflections on the effect of the innovation and possible future directions are included.

The study aims to reveal the implementation CLIL approach in improving students’ English language use and learning in the science classroom. A descriptive study was employed where data were collected using observation and interview to two classes at of Private Islamic Boarding in West Sumatera. The students for CLIL Strategy are the first grade of junior high school at science classrooms. The result of the research revealed that the use of the CLIL strategy across the curriculum is an effective strategy to develop English language use and learning. The pedagogical implications of the study for the EFL students in science classrooms include the need for teachers to consider underlying theories of teaching English in EFL context taking into account students’ constraints; a focus on the various types of students’ English ability and consider students’ interest in topic selection; teachers to be aware of the significance of the relationship between their attitude and background in classroom practice; teachers to be trained formally on the implementation of the CLIL Strategy.

The issue concerning popularisation and relevance of foreign language learning and teaching has provoked a deep interest to analyse and study the world experience of modern methods and approaches to teaching a foreign language which provide positive results. The article considers the approach of content and language integrated learning (CLIL) and peculiarities of its implementation in different countries. A brief analysis of the CLIL approach formation, the preconditions and sources of its establishments are represented. Moreover, the basic difference between CLIL and previous communicative approaches is illustrated. The article illuminates the varieties of CLIL implementation round the world. Scientific and methodological literature on the topic is reviewed. In the article, theoretical research methods are used: literature study, analysis, synthesis, and generalisation. The article points out the core principles and key requirements needed to implement the approach of content and language integrated learning successfully. The idea of a dual focus is explained: both professional and linguistic competences are developed at the same time. One of the core obstacles is knowledge evaluation, as there is no singular criterion in this concern. Scholars agree with the idea to separate marks. Therefore, a learner gets his/her mark (grade) for profession-oriented skills and linguistic ones separately. Both native and foreign languages learned within the course are correlated, the variations of their interconnection are analysed. Besides positive features, the articles analyses the main problems which a teacher may face during the lessons based on the content and language integrated learning approach. The main obstacles are as follows: lack of qualified and experienced teachers, methodological support, dissemination among social communities. The approach of content and language integrated learning is flexible and can be easily adapted to any teaching/learning/educational environment. Its variability and flexibility make it extremely popular with students. Furthermore, it tends to create a positive attitude to education and makes students more motivated.

The paper adopts a reflective approach to EFL teaching and teacher-training in order to shed light at the interplay between CLIL instruction and the VET context. The paper opens with highlighting the main tenets of CLIL and VET training and signals the former’s origins, basic components and instructional guidelines. It then progresses towards reflectivity as a component of pre-service teacher training, which can (or should) resurface as a token of the reflective teacher-practitioner. The next section (Method and instrument) constitutes, together with the tool in the Appendix, the principal contribution of the paper in that it introduces an approach which may become a blueprint for conducting a reflective analysis of one’s CLIL/VET teaching. In doing so, the section accrues dimensions of reflective (self-)observation and includes: language (and language learning strategies in the context of lexical update; also the ARC division of types of language), content (and the relation between content and different types of language: BICS vs. CALP). The aim of the paper is not only to introduce the instrument but at the same time to bring together notions well-established in mainstream EFL/CLIL instruction and seek their application in the VET context.

This paper presents a study on how the selection of vocabulary learning strategies is affected by the kind of instructional programme followed. A total of one hundred thirty-eight secondary-school learners – seventy-two CLIL (Content and Language Integrated Learning) and fifty-six mainstream EFL (English as a Foreign Language) learners – took part in the study. They were asked to respond a vocabulary learning strategies questionnaire. The data were examined looking into how the use of strategies differed when comparing CLIL and EFL learners. Results permitted to develop two clear learner profiles that were compared. These findings will be discussed in relation to their possible implications for vocabulary development.

The article examines the problem of the shaping of CLIL specialist’s content competence in the conditions of training and professional training of teachers. As it is known in CLIL, successful teaching of subject content depends primarily on the language; in-depth study of the language depends on the subject content. The article focuses on some of the advantages of CLIL competencies, such as, a CLIL specialist possesses both subject and language competence simultaneously, i.e. the CLIL process does not provide for the development of specific competences in any subject or language. The article notes that CLIL specialist’s content competence is a set of knowledge in the field of subject which is taught and in the field of an additional language necessary for teaching them simultaneously by using the integrative approach.

The National Education Policy 2009 of Pakistan designated English for two important roles in the government schools of Pakistan: English be taught as a compulsory subject from Grade 1; and also English be used as the medium of instruction for science and mathematics from Grade 4. This article analyzes the effect of embracing the English-medium mandate in the Sindh province of Pakistan. Using content and language integrated learning theory, the article shows that Sindh will experience a late partial bilingual education model. However, the article contends that the model will not be effective due to the lack of adequate resources and current poor performance of Sindh's public education system. This article presents recommendations for sustainable policy formation regarding the role of English in Pakistani public education in the context of UNESCO's Dakar Declaration, Education for All, and the Millennium Development Goals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) approach has become one of the most frequent teaching options used as a pivotal element of bilingual programs. Over the last two decades, a lot has been written about its characteristics, its potential, and the methodological approaches that should be used to encourage such programs. Since the main objective of CLIL is to improve the use of the foreign language as a vehicle for communication by students when accessing and manipulating content matter, it seems evident that methodological strategies should be promoted to provide the opportunity to maximize the use of the language within the classroom. In this respect, project-based learning (PBL) is depicted, in principle, as an ideal proposal for CLIL, since its implementation will entail an increase in language management. Especially concerning the content, this will result in an improvement in students’ ability to perform more comfortably in school and, presumably, more effectively. Nevertheless, there might not be such a straightforward cause-effect relationship and, therefore, it is necessary to dig deeper into the real impact of using PBL. This study is aimed at analyzing its influence from the students’ point of view, to drill down on their feelings and behavior towards PBL and how they tackle and solve the arising challenges. Results have shown interesting information about their views on the benefits of working by projects but also some concerns regarding the use of this teaching and learning model.