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The advanced treatment and resource utilization of oily wastewater are of great significance to solve water shortages and realize carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals. The construction of biomass-based superwetting surfaces with recyclability, non-toxicity, and degradability is considered to be a promising strategy to overcome the unavoidable bottlenecks of "secondary pollution" and high costs in the current design of superhydrophobic structures. In this work, a strategy for preparing multifunctional sodium alginate (SA) superhydrophobic surfaces was proposed. By virtue of the synergistic mechanism of SA, SiO2 nanoparticles, pseudo-polyrotaxane and methyltrimethoxysilane, a superhydrophobic sponge with a green biomass-based carrier was prepared, which was constructed using a superhydrophobic elastomer with a three-dimensional network. The modified SA aerogel has a contact angle of 155.2° and even exhibits strong corrosion resistance in harsh environments with a water contact angle greater than 155°. Notably, the increase of green biomass-based materials provides a promising and sustainable development path for the preparation of hydrophobic substrates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The thriving of high‐performance artificial synaptic neuromorphic platforms poses a significant challenge for creating bionic sensors that can integrate multi‐sensory information. For the purpose of realizing this objective, promising bionic visual‐olfactory co‐sensory artificial synaptic devices are developed based on a hydrogen‐bonded organic framework (Eu@HOF‐12). This probe is capable of dual‐emissive‐responsive to biogenic amines (BAs), which are essential indicators for the evaluation of food freshness. Importantly, it demonstrates outstanding advantages, including high sensitivity, ultrafast responses (<6 s), and practicability of recyclability, which can be combined with smartphones for on‐site BAs detection via the colorimetric and ratiometric hydrogel sensor. Besides, a bionic visual‐olfactory co‐sensory based on the human‐computer interaction platform is constructed, which can realize the identification of five types of BAs with high precision through the specific odor fingerprint. Meanwhile, a logic device is utilized for the rapid identification of food freshness considering the hydrogel sensor's dual‐mode responses to BAs. Overall, this research develops an odor visualization strategy that enables on‐site, real‐time, and sensitive monitoring of food quality assessment. In addition, a quantitative assessment system is designed for fast, damage‐free, and accurate assessment of food freshness, ultimately reducing food waste and generating significant economic value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Climate warming disproportionately impacts countries in the Global South by increasing extreme heat exposure. However, geographic disparities in adaptation capacity are unclear. Here, we assess global inequality in green spaces, which urban residents critically rely on to mitigate outdoor heat stress. We use remote sensing data to quantify daytime cooling by urban greenery in the warm seasons across the ~500 largest cities globally. We show a striking contrast, with Global South cities having ~70% of the cooling capacity of cities in the Global North (2.5 ± 1.0 °C vs. 3.6 ± 1.7 °C). A similar gap occurs for the cooling adaptation benefits received by an average resident in these cities (2.2 ± 0.9 °C vs. 3.4 ± 1.7 °C). This cooling adaptation inequality is due to discrepancies in green space quantity and quality between cities in the Global North and South, shaped by socioeconomic and natural factors. Our analyses further suggest a vast potential for enhancing cooling adaptation while reducing global inequality. A 1.5-fold gap exists in green space cooling adaptation between cities in the Global South and North. Enhancing urban green space quality and quantity offers vast potential for improving outdoor cooling adaptation and reducing its global inequality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Posterolateral decompression and fusion with internal fixation is a commonly used surgical approach for treating degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis (DLSS). This study aims to evaluate the impact of preserving a portion of the unilateral facet joint during decompression on surgical outcomes and long-term recovery in patients. Methods: This study analyzed 73 patients with DLSS accompanied by bilateral lower limb neurological symptoms who underwent single-level L4/5 posterolateral decompression and fusion surgery from January 2022 to March 2023. Patients were categorized into two groups based on the type of surgery received: Group A comprised 31 patients who underwent neural decompression without facet joint preservation, while Group B consisted of 42 patients who underwent neural decompression with preservation of partial facet joints on one side. Regular follow-up evaluations were conducted, including clinical and radiological assessments immediately postoperatively, and at 3 and 12 months thereafter. Key patient information was documented through retrospective chart reviews. Results: Most patients in both groups experienced favorable surgical outcomes. However, four cases encountered complications. Notably, during follow-up, Group B demonstrated superior 1-year postoperative interbody fusion outcomes (P < 0.05), along with a trend towards less interbody cage subsidence and slower postoperative intervertebral disc height loss. Additionally, Group B showed significantly reduced postoperative hospital stay (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Under strict adherence to surgical indications, the posterior lateral lumbar fusion surgery, which preserves partial facet joint unilaterally during neural decompression, can offer greater benefits to patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Comprehensive Summary Chiral phosphorescent materials have received extensive research owing to the unique properties of optical activity in recent years. Many phosphorescent carbon dots (CDs) materials have been reported, but the research on chiral phosphorescence is still in the exploratory stage. This work designs multi‐color room temperature phosphorescent (RTP) CDs with chiral signals, which are fully mixed with aromatic aldehyde precursors and chiral amino compounds precursors in a boric acid (BA) matrix and can be easily prepared by solvent‐free thermal method. The prepared (R)‐GCDs, (R)‐YCDs and (R)‐RCDs achieved phosphorescence emission at 545 nm, 582 nm, and 654 nm, respectively, and exhibited corresponding circular dichroism (CD) signals at 341 nm, 394 nm, 384 nm, and 380 nm, 448 nm, and 435 nm, respectively. The longest phosphorescence lifetime is up to 946 ms. Specifically, YCDs exhibit time‐dependent phosphorescence under UV excitation, and the afterglow time under white light excitation can reach 40 s. This article provides a new approach to the study of chiral phosphorescence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Developing atomically dispersed metal on nitrogen‐doped carbon (M─N─C) catalyst provides a promising strategy to convert CO2 into high‐valued chemicals and achieve artificially closed carbon cycles. However, it is challenging to tune the structure and coordination of N─M bond that further improve the intrinsic activity and selectivity of CO2RR. Herein, CuNi atomic clusters embedded in Ni/Cu dual atomic sites catalysts (CuNiAC@Ni/Cu─N─C) are designed and successfully manipulated to regulate the coordination environment for M─N─C catalysts to enhance the CO2 electroreduction reaction (CO2RR). The most active configuration in CuNiAC@Ni/Cu─N─C catalyst is CuNi atomic cluster connected with 2N‐bridged (Ni‐Cu)N5, in which two N atoms are shared with NiN4 and CuN3 moieties verified by both systematic advanced characterizations and density function theory (DFT) calculations. The results have revealed the integration between CuNi atomic cluster and N4Ni/CuN3 dual‐metal atomic sites that optimize the electronic redistribution and narrow the bandgap, thereby decreasing the energy barrier of the potential determination step and promoting CO production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The combination of multisensory stimuli in the somatosensory system enables humans to understand object comprehensive characteristics and make precise judgments. However, the development of auditory–olfactory bimodal flexible biomimetic sensors (FBSs) to mimic the function of biological perception of external stimuli still presents complex challenges. Herein, an auditory–olfactory bimodal FBS (1 and 2) is fabricated based on hydrogen‐bonded organic framework (Eu@HOF‐BPTC) integrated with melamine sponge. During the auditory sensing process, 1 can monitor sound with a maximum response frequency of 400 Hz. The auditory FBS performs ultrahigh sensitivity (41335.995 cps Pa−1 cm−2), ultrahigh precision (relative standard deviation < 0.20%), ultrafast response time (20 ms), ultralow detection limit (1.1039 Hz and 0.1083 dB), and great recyclability (148 cycles), which can also real‐time monitor infrasound waves within 4–20 Hz. Based on artificial intelligence, 2 as an olfactory FBS demonstrates excellent sensitivity with a ppm‐level response limit and desirable selectivity toward four odor molecules and realizes wearable on‐site detection. The FBS also completes auditory and olfactory signals integration and interoperability by means of human–machine interaction. The bimodal auditory–olfactory FBS is highly promising for implementing bimodal interaction, simulating complex biological neural system, and promoting environmental monitoring, disaster warning and health care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coccydynia is pain in the coccyx that typically occurs idiopathically or from trauma. Most forms are self-limiting. However, if symptoms persist, nonsurgical treatment options can include offloading, NSAIDs, physical therapy, and steroid injections. If all treatment options fail, a growing body of evidence supports a coccygectomy for symptomatic relief. The standard approach for a coccygectomy involves a midline incision cephalad to the anus along the gluteal cleft. Historically, this method has had high rates of infection. To improve healing and decrease infection rate, we propose the paramedian approach to a coccygectomy. This approach has the benefit of distancing the surgical site from the anus, diminishing the crevice effect of the incision, and increasing the dermal and subdermal thickness for improved surgical closure. We present a case series study of 41 patients who underwent the paramedian approach coccygectomy using a 4 to 6 cm incision, approximately 0.5 to 1.5 cm lateral to the midline, for coccyx removal. These patients were evaluated postoperatively to determine infection rate and various outcome measures. Forty-one patients suffering from refractory coccydynia had a coccygectomy via the paramedian approach between 2011 and 2022 by the senior author. Outcome measures included self-reported measures (Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) pain scale and satisfaction with procedure), physiologic measures (presence of infection and treatment provided) and functional measures (return to vocation/avocation). Data was compiled and transferred to Microsoft Excel and analyzed. Two-tailed T-tests were used to compare the patient improvement in VAS and ODI as appropriate for statistical analysis. The patients' average age was 45.8 years. Patients' average body mass index was 27.9, with 71% of patients overweight or obese. A total of 68% of patients were female. Trauma was the most common precipitating factor (75.6%). Five patients presented with postoperative complications (12.1%), one requiring an incision and drainage, and four others were treated with antibiotics for wound erythema. Postoperative evaluations showed continual improvement, with the most significant improvement reported greater than 1-year postoperatively. The Visual Analogue Scale for pain dropped from 7.5 to 2.3 (p<.001), and the Oswestry Disability Index improved from 30.1 to 9.6 (p<.001). A total of 86.7% of patients reported either a good or excellent result. Coccygectomies via the midline approach have a variable infection rate, likely due to proximity of the incision to the anus and due to the crevice effect of the gluteal cleft in terms of aeration. These contributing factors are overcome in the paramedian approach, making it an effective option for treating refractory coccydynia that is nonresponsive to conservative management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Super oil and gas basins provide the energy foundation for social progress and human development. In the context of climate change and carbon peak and carbon neutrality goals, constructing an integrated energy and carbon neutrality system that balances energy production and carbon reduction becomes crucial for the transformation of such basins. Under the framework of a green and intelligent energy system primarily based on "four news", new energy, new electricity, new energy storage, and new intelligence, integrating a "super energy system" composed of a huge amount of underground resources of coal, oil, gas and heat highly overlapping with abundant wind and solar energy resources above ground, and a regional intelligent energy consumption system with coordinated development and utilization of fossil energy and new energy, with a carbon neutrality system centered around carbon cycling is essential. This paper aims to select the traditional oil and gas basins as "super energy basins" with the conditions to build world-class energy production and demonstration bases for carbon neutrality. The Ordos Basin has unique regional advantages, including abundant fossil fuel and new energy resources, as well as matching CO2 sources and sinks, position it as a carbon neutrality "super energy basin" which explores the path of transformation of traditional oil and gas basins. Under the integrated development concept and mode of "coal + oil + gas + new energy + carbon capture, utilization and storage (CCUS)/carbon capture and storage (CCS)", the carbon neutrality in super energy basin is basically achieved, which enhance energy supply and contribute to the carbon peak and carbon neutrality goals, establish a modern energy industry and promote regional green and sustainable development. The pioneering construction of the world-class carbon neutrality "super energy system" demonstration basin in China represented by the Ordos Basin will reshape the new concept and new mode of exploration and development of super energy basins, which is of great significance to the global energy revolution under carbon neutrality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the face of accelerating land use changes, conflicts between land use patterns and the eco-environment are increasingly pronounced. By calculating the eco-environment quality index (EQI) adopting the ecological–production–living spaces (EPLS) framework, we evaluate the eco-environment quality of land use changes within Chongqing's central urban area from 2000 to 2020. The study employs a random forest model to elucidate the mechanisms influencing the eco-environment quality. The findings reveal the following: (1) Living spaces have expanded by 361.53 km2, while production and the ecological spaces have been experiencing a significant reduction of 331.42 km2 and 30.11 km2 over two decades. (2) The eco-environment quality has steadily declined from 0.3665 in 2000 to 0.3501 in 2020, indicating a degradation in overall quality. There is notable spatial variation in eco-environment quality, typically displaying a "low center–high periphery" pattern. (3) Pesticide usage, grain production, and the added value of the primary industry are the primary factors affecting ecological quality. The findings of this study provide valuable insights for global urban planning and environmental management. Rapidly, land use change regions worldwide face similar conflicts between economic growth and ecological sustainability. This research underscores the need for integrated land use policies that balance development with environmental preservation. The methodologies and findings can inform international efforts to optimize land use patterns, improve ecological quality, and achieving sustainable development goals, offering adaptable strategies for policymakers and urban planners globally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the impacts of zinc oxide (ZnO) loading on the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) performance of the cerium oxide-molybdenum oxide (CeOx–MoO3) catalyst were systematically investigated. With the introduction of ZnO, the catalyst's nitrogen oxides (NOx) reduction activity presented a downward trend. At 300 °C, the NOx conversion efficiency of the sample with 4 wt% ZnO loaded dropped below 70%, ~ 22% lower than that of the fresh sample. This decrease was attributed to the neutralization of the catalysts' acid sites by the added ZnO, which inhibited the adsorption of ammonia as the reductant. Furthermore, the introduction of ZnO resulted in a decrease in the relative content of Ce3+, which interfered with the formation of oxygen vacancies and the activation of oxygen. This weakened oxidative ability slowed down the activation of the reactants. Even though the specific surface area of the CeOx–MoO3 catalyst was enhanced due to ZnO, this promotional effect was insufficient to completely overcome the aforementioned negative impacts. Consequently, the efficiency of the NOx elimination process over the ZnO-loaded catalysts was adversely affected. Despite the addition of ZnO, the Eley–Rideal reaction pathway continued to dominate in the deNOx process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of electric vehicles has facilitated intelligent transportation, which requires the swift and effective detection and tracking of moving vehicles. To satisfy this demand, this paper presents an enhanced DeepSORT algorithm. By selecting YOLO-SSFS as the front-end detector and incorporating a lightweight and high-precision feature training network called FasterNet, the proposed method effectively extracts vehicle appearance attributes. Besides this, the noise scale adaptive Kalman filter is implemented and the conventional cascade matching process is substituted with global join matching, thereby enhancing overall performance and tracking accuracy. Validation conducted on the VisDrone dataset demonstrates the superiority of this method compared to the original DeepSORT algorithm, exhibiting a 4.76% increase in tracking accuracy and a 3.10% improvement in tracking precision. The findings reveal the advantages of the algorithms in the domain of vehicle detection and tracking, allowing significant technological advancements in intelligent transportation systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To improve the ride comfort and driving stability of automobiles, an optimal sliding mode control (OSMC) strategy based on the enhanced African vultures optimization algorithm (EAVOA) is proposed. Firstly, the structure and operating principle of a semi-active suspension system (SASS) with a magnetorheological damper (MRD) is comprehensively introduced. Secondly, the OSMC is designed based on a quarter-vehicle suspension model with two degrees of freedom (DOF) to meet the Hurwitz stability theory. Simultaneously, the EAVOA is employed to optimize the control coefficients of the sliding mode surface and the control law parameters. Finally, the EAVOA-OSMC control strategy is utilized to construct the simulation model in MATLAB/Simulink (R2018b), providing a comprehensive analysis for passive suspension systems (PSSs) and suspensions with SMC control. The simulation results demonstrate that the EAVOA-OSMC control strategy outperforms SMC controllers, offering a better control performance in real application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Tumor heterogeneity presents a formidable challenge in understanding the mechanisms driving tumor progression and metastasis. The heterogeneity of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in cellular level is not clear. Methods: Integration analysis of single-cell RNA sequencing data and spatial transcriptomics data was performed. Multiple methods were applied to investigate the subtype of HCC tumor cells. The functional characteristics, translation factors, clinical implications and microenvironment associations of different subtypes of tumor cells were analyzed. The interaction of subtype and fibroblasts were analyzed. Results: We established a heterogeneity landscape of HCC malignant cells by integrated 52 single-cell RNA sequencing data and 5 spatial transcriptomics data. We identified three subtypes in tumor cells, including ARG1+ metabolism subtype (Metab-subtype), TOP2A+ proliferation phenotype (Prol-phenotype), and S100A6+ pro-metastatic subtype (EMT-subtype). Enrichment analysis found that the three subtypes harbored different features, that is metabolism, proliferating, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Trajectory analysis revealed that both Metab-subtype and EMT-subtype originated from the Prol-phenotype. Translation factor analysis found that EMT-subtype showed exclusive activation of SMAD3 and TGF-β signaling pathway. HCC dominated by EMT-subtype cells harbored an unfavorable prognosis and a deserted microenvironment. We uncovered a positive loop between tumor cells and fibroblasts mediated by SPP1-CD44 and CCN2/TGF-β-TGFBR1 interaction pairs. Inhibiting CCN2 disrupted the loop, mitigated the transformation to EMT-subtype, and suppressed metastasis. Conclusion: By establishing a heterogeneity landscape of malignant cells, we identified a three-subtype classification in HCC. Among them, S100A6+ tumor cells play a crucial role in metastasis. Targeting the feedback loop between tumor cells and fibroblasts is a promising anti-metastatic strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: CD93 was recently identified as a promising therapeutic target for angiogenesis blockade in various tumors. Herein, we aimed to investigate the expression and clinicopathological significance of CD93 in gastric adenocarcinoma. Methods: The gene expression of CD93 gastric adenocarcinoma was assessed using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset. We then analyzed CD93 expression in 404 cases of gastric adenocarcinoma using immunohistochemistry. Clinicopathological associations and prognostic implications of CD93 expression were further investigated. Results: Using the TCGA dataset, we observed a significantly elevated CD93 gene expression in gastric adenocarcinoma compared to normal gastric tissues. The immunohistochemistry assay revealed a highly variable CD93 expression among patients with gastric adenocarcinoma, consistently demonstrating higher intratumor expression than in adjacent normal tissues. Notably, CD93 was predominantly expressed on the membrane of CD31+ vascular endothelial cells. Furthermore, patients with higher CD93 expression demonstrated significantly poorer overall survival. Accordingly, higher CD93 expression was associated with deeper invasion and a higher possibility of lymph node metastasis and developing tumor thrombus. Cox proportional hazards regression suggested CD93 expression was an independent predictor for the prognosis of patients with gastric adenocarcinoma. Conclusions: Our study revealed a significantly higher CD93 expression in gastric adenocarcinoma when compared with adjacent normal gastric tissues, and demonstrated its predominant expression on vascular endothelial cells. Our findings also highlighted the clinicopathological significance of CD93 in gastric adenocarcinoma, shedding light on a potential therapeutic target. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, a comparison of the concentrations of eight heavy metals (including Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, Cr, As, Cd, and Hg) was conducted between wild and cultured Oplegnathus fasciatus. Significant differences in the concentrations of Zn, Cd, As, and Hg were observed between wild and cultured Oplegnathus fasciatus. The results showed that the mean Zn concentration was significantly higher in cultured Oplegnathus fasciatus (3.051 ± 0.738 mg/kg) when compared to its wild counterpart (2.512 ± 0.407 mg/kg). In contrast, the mean Cd concentration was found to be lower in the cultured Oplegnathus fasciatus (0.001 ± 0.0007 mg/kg) than in the wild ones (0.003 ± 0.003 mg/kg). Likewise, the wild samples demonstrated a higher mean As concentration (1.494 ± 0.659 mg/kg) than the cultured samples (0.594 ± 0.215 mg/kg). Lastly, it was noted that the mean Hg concentration was considerably higher in the cultured Oplegnathus fasciatus (0.042 ± 0.016 mg/kg) than in the wild specimens (0.014 ± 0.011 mg/kg). Pollution levels and health risks were evaluated using the single-factor pollution index (SFI), metal pollution index (MPI), and health risk assessment methods. The results showed that, for Cu, Zn, Cr, and Cd, both wild and cultured Oplegnathus fasciatus had SFI values below 1 compared to the marine organism quality standards. The MPI values for wild and cultured Oplegnathus fasciatus were 0.188 ± 0.051 and 0.172 ± 0.054, respectively, both far below the safety limit of 2 for pollution-free aquatic products. The Hazard Index (HI) for wild and cultured Oplegnathus fasciatus were below 1, indicating no health risks from long-term consumption. A discriminant analysis, based on Zn, Cd, As, and Hg concentrations, distinguished wild from cultured Oplegnathus fasciatus with a 96.0% accuracy, remaining stable at over 94.9% upon cross-validation. These findings accurately evaluate that there is no risk to human health from consuming Oplegnathus fasciatus, which is significant in safeguarding public health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polypropylene (PP) is a widely used material with excellent properties. The mechanical strength, thermal stability, wettability, and anti-aging properties of PP can be further improved, especially for secondary recycled PP. Therefore, the study aimed to improve the properties of PP by waste PP and preparing talc-filled PP blends via a simple melt plasticization and re-cooling process. Through the addition of talc, hydrogen bonds were formed between the --OH groups in talc and the --CH3 groups on the PP carbon chain, resulting in a significant improvement in mechanical properties compared to virgin PP. The addition of 10% talc increased the fracture energy of the blends by nearly 142%. Therefore, the addition of talc in the secondary recycling of PP can effectively improve the performance of PP blends and enhance their sustainability in practical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Concrete materials and structures are extensively used in transformation infrastructure and they usually bear cracks during their long-term operation. Detecting cracks using deep-learning algorithms like YOLOv3 (You Only Look Once version 3) is a new trend to pursue intelligent detection of concrete surface cracks. YOLOv3 is a typical deep-learning algorithm used for object detection. Owing to its generality, YOLOv3 lacks specific efficiency and accuracy in identifying concrete surface cracks. An improved algorithm based on YOLOv3, specialized in the rapid and accurate identification of concrete surface cracks is worthy of investigation. This study proposes a tailored deep-learning algorithm, termed MDN-YOLOv3 (MDN: multi-dilated network), of which the MDN is formulated based on three retrofit techniques, and it provides a new backbone network for YOLOv3. The three specific retrofit techniques are briefed: (i) Depthwise separable convolution is utilized to reduce the size of the backbone network; (ii) The dilated-down sampling structure is proposed and used in the backbone network to achieve multi-scale feature fusion; and (iii) The convolutional block attention module is introduced to enhance feature extraction ability. Results show that the proposed MDN-YOLOv3 is 97.2% smaller and 41.5% faster than YOLOv3 in identifying concrete surface cracks, forming a lightweight & efficient YOLOv3 algorithm for intelligently identifying concrete surface cracks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the limited maximum output power of the pulsers based on avalanche transistors, high-power ultrawideband (UWB) radiation systems usually synthesize plenty of modules simultaneously to achieve a high peak effective potential (rEp). However, this would lead to an increased aperture size as well as a narrower beam, which would limit their applications in intentional electromagnetic interference fields. In this paper, a high-power UWB radiation system with beam broadening capacity is developed. To achieve beam broadening in the time domain, a power-law time delay distribution method is proposed and studied by simulation, and then the relative excitation time delays of the modules are optimized to achieve higher rEp and avoid beam splitting in the beam broadening mode. In order to avoid false triggering of the pulser elements when implementing the beam broadening, the mutual coupling effect in the system is analyzed and suppressed by employing onboard high-pass filters, since the mutual coupling effect is much more severe in the low-frequency range. Finally, a radiation system with 36 modules is developed. Measuring results indicate that in the high-rEp mode, the developed system could achieve a maximum effective potential rEp of 313.6 kV and a maximum pulse-repetition-rate of 20 kHz. In the beam broadening mode, its half-peak-power beam width in the H-plane is broadened from the original value of 3.9° to 7.9°, with a maximum rEp of 272.9 kV. The polarization direction of the system could be flexibly adjusted by a built-in motor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a prevailing LC characterized by poor outcomes. AlkB homolog 5 (ALKBH5) functions as a tumor suppressor in several cancers. This study delved into the role of ALKBH5 in NSCLC development. Methods: TCGA database predicted ALKBH5 expression in NSCLC patients. ALKBH5 levels in NSCLC and human bronchial epithelial cells were determined. pcDNA3.1‐ALKBH5/NC, pcDNA3.1‐SLC7A11/NC, and ferrostatin‐1 were used to explore the interactions among ALKBH5, SLC7A11, and ferroptosis. SLC7A11 mRNA and its protein levels were measured by RT‐qPCR and Western blot. Cell viability, apoptosis, migration, and invasion were assessed by CCK‐8, flow cytometry, and Transwell. Total N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) quantification and its enrichment on SLC7A11 mRNA were determined, followed by the observation of Ki67, ALKBH5 and SLC7A11‐positive cell numbers. Glutathione (GSH), lipid reactive oxygen species (lipid‐ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), and iron ion contents were determined. Animal experiments further analyzed the role of ALKBH5 in tumor development and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) expression. Results: Bioinformatics analysis revealed the lowly‐expressed ALKBH5 in LC patients. ALKBH5 was downregulated in NSCLC cells and its upregulation repressed proliferation activity, invasion, and migration, and facilitated apoptosis. ALKBH5 upregulation decreased GSH, increased lipid‐ROS, MDA, and iron ion contents, and downregulated SLC7A11 by reducing m6A modification. SLC7A11 upregulation partly annulled the effect of ALKBH5 overexpression on cell ferroptosis and malignant behaviors. In vivo assays elucidated the suppression of ALKBH5 upregulation on tumor development and GPX4 levels. Conclusion: ALKBH5 upregulation downregulates SLC7A11 transcription by decreasing m6A modification, thus promoting NSCLC cell ferroptosis and ultimately repressing NSCLC progression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bioanalysis based on optical imaging has gained significant progress in the last few decades. Luminescence probes are capable of detecting, monitoring, and tracing particular biomolecules in complex biological systems to figure out the roles of these molecules in organisms. Considering the rapid development of luminescence probes for bio-applications and their promising future, we have attempted to explore the working principles and recent advances in bio-applications of luminescence probes, in the hope of helping readers gain a detailed understanding of luminescence probes developed in recent years. In this review, we first focus on the current widely used luminescence probes, including fluorescence probes, bioluminescence probes, chemiluminescence probes, afterglow probes, photoacoustic probes, and Cerenkov luminescence probes. The working principles for each type of luminescence probe are concisely described and the bio-application of the luminescence probes is summarized by category, including metal ions detection, secretion detection, imaging, and therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (ZIBs) hold significant promise for large‐scale energy storage. While considerable strides have been made in modifying separators, the challenge of developing dendrite‐free, corrosion‐resistant, and cost‐effective separators for achieving extended cycling performance of Zn anodes persists. In light of this, a TiO2 coating separator to mitigate interfacial corrosion and passivation reactions, thereby facilitating high‐performance ZIBs is designed. This study delves into the influence of the loading amount and crystal phase of the TiO2 coating layers on separator modification. Zn symmetric cells employing the anatase TiO2‐modified glass fiber (A‐TiO2@GF) separator demonstrate superior Zn2+ ion transport kinetics in a mild ZnSO4 electrolyte, ensuring sustained long‐term stability and uniform Zn deposition. Furthermore, the reduced hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) activity of A‐TiO2 coatings curbs H+ ion migration, minimizing interfacial corrosion and HER. Consequently, the assembled Zn||CaV8O20 zinc‐ion full cells demonstrate outstanding long‐term durability and impressive specific capacity, boasting a discharge capacity of 142 mAh g−1 after 1000 cycles. This work introduces a straightforward interface engineering strategy for creating efficient separators in zinc‐ion batteries, promoting uniform Zn deposition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) have garnered significant interest in energy storage due to their similar working mechanism to lithium ion batteries and abundant reserves of sodium resource. Exploring facile synthesis of a carbon-based anode materials with capable electrochemical performance is key to promoting the practical application of SIBs. In this work, a combination of petroleum pitch and recyclable sodium chloride is selected as the carbon source and template to obtain hard carbon (HC) anode for SIBs. Carbonization times and temperatures are optimized by assessing the sodium ion storage behavior of different HC materials. The optimized HC exhibits a remarkable capacity of over 430 mA·hg−1 after undergoing full activation through 500 cycles at a density of current of 0.1 A·g−1. Furthermore, it demonstrates an initial discharge capacity of 276 mAh·g−1 at a density of current of 0.5 A·g−1. Meanwhile, the optimized HC shows a good capacity retention (170 mAh·g−1 after 750 cycles) and a remarkable rate ability (166 mAh·g−1 at 2 A·g−1). The enhanced capacity is attributed to the suitable degree of graphitization and surface area, which improve the sodium ion transport and storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Widely recognized as a significant carbon sink, North American forests have experienced a history of recovery and are facing an uncertain future. This growing carbon sink is dictated by recovery from land-use change, with growth trajectory modified by environmental change. To address both processes, we compiled a forest inventory dataset from North America to quantify aboveground biomass growth with stand age across forest types and climate gradients. Here we show, the biomass grows from 90 Mg ha-1 (2000-2016) to 105 Mg ha-1 (2020 s), 128 Mg ha-1 (2050 s), and 146 Mg ha-1 (2080 s) under climate change scenarios with no further disturbances. Climate change modifies the forest recovery trajectory to some extent, but the overall growth is limited, showing signs of biomass saturation. The future (2080s) biomass will only sequester at most 22% more carbon than the current level. Given such a strong sink has limited growth potential, our ground-based analysis suggests policy changes to sustain the carbon sink.