Search

Prostatic malacoplakia is an extremely rare disease. We report a case of malacoplakia of the prostate and review the 21 cases previously reported, including 4 in our country and 17 in other countries.

The clinical effectiveness of KL 007 (oxybutynin hydrochloride) was studied on patients with urinary disturbance, mostly complaints of urinary frequency, who were suffering from nervous pollakisuria, irritable bladder or neurogenic bladder. Fifty two patients were administered KL 007 three times daily at the dose of 6 mg, 9 mg, or 12 mg per day for one or two weeks. An overall clinical effectiveness of KL 007 was seen in the cases of hypertonic bladder. As to the clinical effectiveness of subjective symptoms, KL 007 improved the symptoms of urinary frequency, urinary incontinence, discomfort upon micturition, urinary urgency and sense of residual urine. Transient side effects were observed in 23 cases (41.4%), and dry mouth was most observed. No severe side effects were noticed.

To elucidate the mechanism of leukemia induced by radiation, we studied both chromosome abnormalities and bcr rearrangements of seven CML patients with a history of atomic bomb exposure and 14 CML patients without the exposure. All patients, irrespective of radiation exposure, had 9;22 translocation and rearrangement of the bcr gene in the leukemic cells. Further analysis of breakpoints within the bcr gene demonstrated no distinct difference between the exposed and the non-exposed groups. The present study suggests that formation of the chimeric bcr-abl gene and its genetic products may play an important role in the development of leukemia in either radiation-induced or de novo CML.

The local irritation effect of T-1982 after the intramuscular injection into the musculus vastus lateralis was examined in rabbits. T-1982 was dissolved by the way of clinical use and was injected singly into the musculus vastus lateralis. Then the degree of muscular injury at the time of 2 days and 7 days after the injection was judged from muscle weight ratio, gross local observation and histological observation. The degree of muscular injury caused by T-1982 was compared with that of saline, 0.75% acetic acid and 6% acetic acid. On the degree of muscular injury of T-1982 was almost equal to that of 0.75% acetic acid, but milder than 6% acetic acid. From these, it was concluded that the local irritation effect of T-1982 was grade 3.

Forty milligrams papaverine HCl was intracavernously injected to 28 patients with erectile dysfunction for diagnosis and treatment in 14 cases in which it was injected a few times. We designed a brief manual method for measurement of penile hardness by artificial erection. Twenty of the patients corresponding to 71.4%, reacted, but only 16 (57.1%) had efficient erection for possibility of coitus. It was useful for the diagnosis of vascular dysfunction with dorsal penile arterial pulse sound examination in impotence. It was useful for the cases of small vascular impediment with preservation of nerve supply after the operation of intrapelvic malignancies, and self injection might be possible, but on the other hand, it had no effect for the patients of advanced age with vascular impediment and diabetes mellitus neuropathy, and with arteriosclerosis.

[14C]Fenitrothion at 0.1 ppm in running water is more rapidly absorbed in the killifish (Oryzias latipes) at 25 than at 15 degrees C to a similar plateau level, and bioaccumulation ratios of fenitrothion are 235 and 339, respectively. Water of higher salinity (23%) resulted in slightly higher accumulation ratios of fenitrothion in both killifish (303) and mullet, Mugil cephalus (179), than fresh water (235 and 30, respectively), but the half-lives are independent of temperature and salinity, with values of 0.24-0.36 day. Fenitrothion was metabolized primarily through hydrolysis by the killifish, demethylation by the mullet, and conjugation of the liberated phenol with glucuronic acid by both species. Although metabolism of the compound was not affected by the different salinities and temperatures in both fish, the glucuronide conjugate was more directly excreted into water under lower temperature and higher salinity conditions. 14C-labeled compounds are distributed primarily in the gall bladder as shown by whole-body radioautography.

When freshwater snails, Cipangopaludina japonica and Physa acuta, were exposed to 0.1 ppm [14C]fenitrothion in a dynamic flow system, the concentrations of fenitrothion and 14C in the body reached equilibrium on Day 1 of exposure. The maximum bioaccumulation ratios of fenitrothion were 18 and 53 in C. japonica and P. acuta, respectively. These snails metabolized the compound primarily by demethylation, hydrolysis, and reduction. The liberated phenol moiety was found to be conjugated with sulfate in C. japonica and mainly with glucose in P. acuta. When the snails were transferred to a freshwater stream, fenitrothion and its metabolites were rapidly excreted, and the half-life of the parent compound was less than 0.5 day in both snails. Fenitrothion and its decomposition products were mainly distributed in liver of P. acuta, as evidenced by whole-body radioautography.

A near-tetraploid clone was observed at the 5th relapse in a 34 year-old female with acute granulocytic leukemia. She was referred to Hiroshima University Hospital presenting with palpitation in May 1978. On admission she had a WBC count of 2,900/microliters with 31.5% blasts, platelet count of 2.4 x 10(4)/microliters and hemoglobin of 2.8 g/dl. A bone marrow aspirate showed hypercellular with 88.5% blasts. Most of them were weakly positive for peroxidase reaction. Occasional Auer rod and/or fine azurophilic granules were observed. DCMP therapy (daunorubicin, cytosine arabinoside, 6-mercaptopurine, and prednisone) was started and the first complete remission was achieved in August 1978. Afterward, the 5th relapse occurred in August 1986 and several kinds of drugs were given without effects. She died 8 years and 9 months after the diagnosis. Karyotype prior to treatment showed a normal diploidy without tetraploid mitoses. However, cells with near-tetraploid (mode: 91) were observed predominantly on the 5th relapse sample and almost all mitoses were occupied with near-tetraploidy at the terminal stage. Results of serial cytogenetic and hematologic study showed a close correlation between the incidence of near-tetraploid mitoses and that of very large blast cells. The significance of tetraploidy in previously reported 44 cases including our case was discussed.

VIP-containing nerves have been considered as an inhibitory nerve of non-cholinergic, non-adrenergic action in the bladder neck. Using immunohistochemistry, VIP was stained in the bladder neck in 14 cases which involved 5 cases of bladder neck contracture in addition to 9 cases of benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH). Consequently, the VIP immunoreactive nerve was not stained in the 4 cases of bladder neck contracture with a large quantity of residual urine which had the fibrosis of bladder neck, but in one case was stained without residual urine. In the BPH, 8 out of 9 cases were stained and they had small residual urine. It was fully stained in the cases without residual urine or with a small volume if they had it. The possible role of VIP in the bladder neck was supposed to be to maintain the bladder neck opening by the strong smooth muscle relaxation.

Adenoid cystic carcinoma is an uncommon tumor, especially in cases of its extension into the cranial cavity. Two cases of this tumor involving Gasserian ganglion were reported. The first case was a 47 year old female who developed paresis of the right side fifth cranial nerve. The plain skull X-ray of the axial view demonstrated enlargement of the right sided foramen ovale. The tumor was removed exploring the middle fossa extradurally, however its extention through the foramen ovale remained behind. A small induration was found at the base of the oral cavity postoperatively, and the biopsy revealed characteristic findings of adenoid cystic carcinoma histologically. Radiation therapy was followed by considerable clinical improvement.

A case is reported of a small primary occult gastric adenocarcinoma occurring in a 57-year-old man revealing widespread metastasis to generalized bone, and associated with high serum level of circulating human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), and alkaline phosphatase (ALPase). The primary site of metastatic bone tumor was not clear until autopsy. Microscopic examination of the gastric primary revealed moderately differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma admixed with numerous signet-ring carcinoma cells without conspicuous trophoblastic differentiation. The elaboration of hCG and intestinal and placental isoenzyme of ALPase by carcinoma cells themselves was confirmed by the indirect immunoperoxidase method. The present case may be interesting because of unusual metastasis and simultaneous production of hCG, CEA, and intestinal and placental ALPase isoenzymes.

A 4-month-old boy was admitted with the chief complaint of painless mass in the right scrotum. A right testicular tumor complicated with hydrocele was diagnosed preoperatively by physical examination and ultrasonography. Right high orchiectomy was performed and the pathological diagnosis was cavernous hemangioma of the right testis. This disease is very rare, and our case is the 13th in the domestic and foreign literature.

When the waterflea Daphnia pulex and the shrimp Palaemon paucidens were exposed to 1.0 ppb [14C]fenitrothion in a flowthrough system, the concentrations of fenitrothion and 14C in the body reached equilibrium, and the maximum bioaccumulation ratios of fenitrothion were 71 and 6 in the daphnia and shrimp, respectively. These crustaceans primarily metabolized the compound by oxidation of P = S to P = O, hydrolysis of P-O-aryl linkage, and demethylation. The liberated phenol was found to be conjugated with sulfate in the daphnia and with glucose in the shrimp. When the organisms were transferred to a freshwater stream, fenitrothion and its metabolites were rapidly excreted from their bodies, and the half-life of the parent compound was less than 0.2 day in both species.

The subacute toxicity test of cefoperazone (CPZ), a new cephalosporin antibiotic, was carried out in both sexes of Beagle dogs. CPZ was injected in Beagle dogs intramuscularly at dose levels of 500, 250 and 125 mg/kg/day for 3 months. The same amount of physiological saline was injected to control dogs intramuscularly for 3 months. The following results were obtained: 1) Sign of severe pain was shown immediately after injection in groups of CPZ at 500 and 250 mg/kg/day. In the same groups, the focal necrosis, hemorrhage, cell infiltration and fibrosis of muscles of injected site were noted microscopically. 2) In only one out of 6 dogs given CPZ at 500 mg/kg/day for 3 months, decrease of red blood cells and in values of hemoglobin and hematocrit an increase of reticulocytes in the peripheral blood were observed. In the same dog, splenomegaly and extramedullary hematopoiesis in the liver was found histopathologically, and in addition, the body weight and the food intake decreased during the administration period, associated with the development of anemia. 3) In dogs receiving up to 250 mg/kg/day, atrophy of the thymus was recognized at autopsy and slight decrease of cortical lymphocytes was seen histopathologically. 4) Based on these results, the maximum safety dose of CPZ was thought to be 125 mg/kg/day from the present experiment.

We report two leukemia patients with double minutes (DMs) chromosomes. Both patients were diagnosed as having acute myelocytic leukemia (AML) FAB M2. Cytogenetic analysis showed normal chromosome karyotype with 1-53 DMs chromosomes in the first patient, and complex chromosome aberrations including deletion of chromosome 8 at 8q24 region and 1-84 DMs chromosomes in the second patient who had a history of extensive radiotherapy for laryngeal cancer 8 years prior to the development of leukemia. Analysis of DNA from the two patients revealed that oncogene of c-myc was amplified about 5 to 10 folds in the leukemic cells. The other fourteen oncogene of c-myc was c-myb, c-abl and N-myc, showed no increases of gene content. Furthermore, a transforming gene, N-ras was detected in the first patient by in vivo selection assay method. This is the second report on AML patients with c-myc gene amplification and DMs chromosomes.

E-643, a newly developed alpha 1-adrenergic blocker with a postsynaptic action, was tried on 17 subjects, 10 patients with neurogenic bladder and 7 patients with lower urethral obstruction. The results of treatment were excellent in 5, good in 7, and poor in 5 of them, the rate of effectiveness therefore being 70.6%. The inhibitory effect of E-643 on the contractility of the detrusor was no stronger than that of other alpha-blockers. The rate of effectiveness for neurogenic bladders was as high as 80% whereas that for lower urethral obstruction was much lower: 57%. Concerning benign prostatic hyperplasia (B.P.H.) alone, this agent was markedly beneficial. In the case of B.P.H the urethra pressure in the prostatic urethra tends to drop and urination is facilitated even without a change in maximum urethral closure pressure, which reduces the amount of residual urine, this sequence of events taking place on condition that the contractility of the detrusor is adequate. According to urodynamic criteria, the underlying causes of the so-called bladder neck contracture can be classified into organic and functional obstruction, but it is mistaken to use this term for functional disturbance of the bladder neck. It seems worthwhile to determine the clinical effect of alpha-blockers on functional urethral obstruction. E-643 produced few if any appreciable signs or symptoms of side effects either subjectively or objectively.

The subacute toxicity test of cefoperazone (CPZ) in Beagle dogs with the intravenous administration for 35 days has been reported from our laboratory. In the present experiments, the subacute toxicity test of CPZ in Beagle dogs was carried out for longer administration period than before. CPZ was given intravenously to each group (2 or 4 dogs) at dose level of 100 mg/kg/day, 200 mg/kg/day and 400 mg/kg/day respectively for 3 months. Cefazolin (CEZ) was used intravenously for positive control using 4 dogs at dose level of 200 mg/kg/day and physiological saline was given intravenously to 2 dogs for 3 months. 1) In Beagle dogs received high dose of CPZ, transient vomiting, salivation and diarrhea were observed immediately after the administration. 2) Signs of anemia, such as decrease of erythrocyte and value of hemoglobin and hematocrit, and increase of reticulocytes of the peripheral blood and in fragility of red cell associated with decrease of food intake, were observed in 2 female dogs given CPZ of 400 mg/kg/day. In only one of these dogs, a positive reaction of COOMBS' test was shown. The anemia recognized in these 2 dogs seems to be of hemolytic nature. 3) The weight of thymus was decreased in all of 4 dogs given CPZ at 400 mg/kg/day and in 2 out of 4 dogs given CPZ at 200 mg/kg/day, respectively. 4) Based on the fact that no abnormalities were found in dogs given CPZ at 200 mg/kg/day except a slight decrease of weight of thymus in some of them, the maximum safety dose of CPZ was thought to be 200 mg/kg/day.