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1. In this study, the author have investigated the relation between the distance of cultivation and frequency of natural crossing of a variety of naked barley in Jpan, namely var. violaceum Keck. with the varieties of naked barley in Jpan, namely Akashinriki and Osakayakko No.52 at Settu Experimental Farm, Kyoto University. 2. The iodine reaction, which is based on the phenomenon of xenia between waxy and nonwaxy characters, on the starch of endosperms of waxy barley, was used as the determination of natural crossing. 3. The percentage of natural crossing in the variety of naked barley in Jpan was lower than that of wheat, and it was 0.061% in the case of mixed cultivation. The phenomenon of natural crossing was not noticed in the case of alternative cultivation, which was over four feet apart between rows in the field.

Published data are analysed to investigate the effect of the pollen parent on various characters in maize. Xenia is of small importance in kernel weight and % protein, but of considerable importance in % oil.

IN a note on “Telegony, Xenia and Hybrid Oology,”1 which appeared in Natural Science (vol. xiv. p. 394, 1899), I introduced the last-mentioned term to denote a singular phenomenon said to have been observed in birds, viz., that when a hen is fertilised by a cock of another kind the resulting egg is contained in a shell tinted, more or less, like those laid by the cock's own breed. At the time, I must confess, I was rather inclined to doubt if it did really occur, or if it were not a simple reversion, or a mistake, when my attention was drawn still closer to the subject by a friend who had kindly offered to assist in obtaining, if it were possible, additional proofs of telegony by first crossing a canary hen with a greenfinch cock and then returning her to her own breed. This was done, and resulted in three eggs being laid to the greenfinch. Their shells were all tinted more like the eggshells of a greenfinch than those of a canary. Two of these eggs were afterwards found to be infertile. This showed that the alteration in the tint of the eggshell had nothing to do with the nature of the fertilising spermatozoon. But the occurrence of hybrid oochromy could not be said to have been proved, for there is very little difference in the tinting of the eggshells of a canary and greenfinch, and I do not know whether the canary was purely bred or not.

Xenia, Ohio, had a population of 8706 at the time of the 1910 census; of this population 2052 were negroes. The water comes from two sources. The older supply is pumped from a plant called the Springfield Pike station, which furnishes a mixture of surface and ground water. This has been shown to be of poor quality on several occasions, and on this account a hypochlorite disinfecting equipment was installed in 1914 to treat it. The second source is a group of drilled wells at the so-called Cincinnati Pike station, which furnishes water that has always been regarded as good from a sanitary viewpoint. As a rule about two-thirds of the total supply is furnished by the drilled wells, but during dry weather this source does not yield as much water as normally and at such times the quantities of water from the two stations become more nearly equal. There were only two cases of typhoid fever in Xenia in 1917 and there were none in 1918 up to August 27. A case was reported on that day and with the exception of August 28 and September 17, new cases occurred every day until September 18, when the last one was reported. There were forty-four cases in all, quite generally distributed throughout the city in proportion to the density of the population. All were within the district supplied with water and the only case in a home without a connection with the street mains was that of a woman who used the public water supply where she worked. The city water supply is used by most of the residents of the city, and there are very few wells in service. The milk used by the persons taken sick came from six dealers, from groceries and restaurants, and in five cases from cows kept by the patients. Two cases used only condensed milk. The ice cream that had been used by five-eighths of the cases came from many different sources and the same was true of the fresh vegetables used by those who were taken sick. No case had eaten shell fish within the incubation period. Only eleven cases resided in homes where other cases occurred and there were eight cases where no typhoid fever

The isolation of '9-deacetoxyxenicin' [systematic name: (1R*,4aS*,7E,11aS*,1'R*,2'R*)-1-acetoxy-4-(1',2'-diacetoxy-4'-methylpent-3'-enyl)-7-methy1-11-methylene-1,4a,5,6,9,10,11,11a-octahydrocyclonona[c]pyran] (2) from Xenia crassa and a further cyclized diterpene (6) from Xenia viridis are described. The structure of (2) was derived from n.m.r. spectroscopic comparison with xenicin (1), whilst the structure of (6) was determined by a single-crystal X-ray analysis when spectroscopy failed to afford an unambiguous structure.

This session attempts to portray: 1) the nature of disaster, 2) the human response to such events, and 3) what can be done in the way of planning. This presentation focuses on describing in detail the events surrounding the Xenia tornado of 3 April 1974. Slides are presented showing the size and path of the storm. A pictorial description of devastation along this ground track are provided, sometimes with a before/after comparison. Special emphasis is placed on the force of the storm and special circumstances that arise due to a combination of interacting factors. Anecdotal examples of operational and personal problems encountered in this disaster are highlighted in the commentary accompanying the slide presentation. The slide materials used are a collage of personal and professional photographic efforts with a corresponding variation in candor and quality. The presentation has evolved from earlier, less formal attempts to capture and communicate the nature of the problem for those who wish to explore human factors research in disaster situations. The author invites comments and questions. Selected photographic materials may be obtained by contacting the author. This presentation serves as an introduction to the session and provides a graphic example of a specific disaster. Subsequent papers then explore the elements common to many different types of disasters, indicating the kinds of generalizations which can be drawn from previous empirical field studies of disasters or disaster related events. This session is one of two being held on the topic of disaster. It focuses primarily on the nature of disaster from an operational and phenomenological standpoint. The companion session which follows treats more specific design issues believed to be of interest to human factors and industrial design specialists. Together, these two sessions are believed to provide an integrated and complementary overview of key principles, issues, design problems and current proposals for design for disaster. No claim can be made that the coverage is exhaustive, but it is hope the sessions will serve to represent what is known and what needs to be done.

A novel sesquiterpene (1 Z,2R*,4R*,7S*,11S*)-3,3,7,11-tetramethyltricyclo[6.3.0.02,4]undec-1(8)-en-4-ol (3) was isolated from the soft coral Xenia novae-britanniae. Its structure was tentatively deduced by n.m.r. spectroscopy, and the structure with relative stereochemistry was confirmed by single-crystal X-ray crystallography. Investigation of a Xenia species afforded the known metabolite waixenicin -A previously isolated from Anthelia edmondsoni .

The structures and absolute stereochemistry of three new metabolites isolated from Xenia species of soft corals have been determined by spectroscopic study and chemical correlation with known natural products. The new metabolites are: (1S,2R,4R,4aS,5Z,8aR)-1,2-epoxy-4-isopropyl-1,6-dimethyl-1,2,3,4,4a,7,8,8a-octahydronaphthalene (4), (1E,4R,4aR,5S,6R,8aR)-5,6-epoxy-4-isopropyl-6-methyl- 3,4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a-octahydronaphthalene-1-methanol acetate (5) and (1E,5Z,4R,4aR,8aR)-4-isopropyl-6-methyl-3,4,4a,7,8,8a- hexahydronaphthalene-1-methanol (6).

"CRANE and Lawrence" is now a standard text for both students of biology and for practical gardeners. Indeed, it is one of the few books which fulfil a want both for the academic specialist and for the practical man. The third edition is different in some respects from the earlier editions ; parts of some chapters have been rewritten, and the subjects of xenia and polyploidy receive greater attention in special chapters. One criticism of the earlier editions, was that the elementary introduction to genetics Was too condensed for the non-specialist. By some clever and subtle writing the authors appear to have largely overcome this criticism in the third edition. Through fully annotated descriptions of research results, the book is an invaluable guide to the recent literature on horticultural plant genetics. The Genetics of Garden Plants By M. B. Crane W. J. B. Lawrence. Third edition. Pp. xvii + 299. (London: Macmillan and Co., Ltd., 1947.) 16s. net.