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Eurypogon Motschulsky, 1859 is a small artematopodid genus from the Nearctic and Palaearctic realms, with only three species known from mainland China. Here, we describe Eurypogon schuhi Packova & Kundrata, sp. nov. from the Hubei province in China, which is similar in the black body coloration to the recently described Eurypogon sanzang Wang & Liu, 2021 from the Henan province. Both species differ mainly in the ratio of basal antennomeres, elytral surface and proportions, and shape of male genitalia. We report populations of E. sanzang from the Qinling Shan in the Shaanxi province (a new province record) and from the Xiong'er Shan in the Henan province. Additionally, we describe the female of E. sanzang and discuss intraspecific variability in male genitalia. We provide images of main diagnostic characters for both species.

Colletotrichum is an important plant pathogenic genus causing anthracnose on a wide range of host plants. During 2019 and 2021, Colletotrichum isolates were obtained during surveys of anthracnose on garden plants in China. Multi-gene phylogenetic analyses of internal transcribed spacer (ITS), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gapdh), chitin synthase 1 ( chs-1 ), actin (act) and beta-tubulin (tub2) sequences coupled with morphological evidence support the introduction of two novel species namely Colletotrichumchinense sp. nov. from Yuccagloriosa in Beijing and C.quercicola sp. nov. from Quercusvariabilis in Shaanxi Province. Phylogenetic inference revealed that two isolates of C.chinense belonged to the agaves species complex and were closely related to C.agaves , and differed from the other species within this species complex by shorter conidia and the host association. Molecular identification showed that two isolates of C.quercicola formed a highly supported lineage close to C.tanaceti in the destructivum species complex, which could be distinguished from C.tanaceti by straighter conidia. In pathogenicity tests, yellow spots and orange conidial masses displayed on the inoculated Y.gloriosa leaves and brown spots appeared on the inoculated Q.variabilis leaves. In addition, C.chinense and C.quercicola were re-isolated from spots of the tested leaves of Y.gloriosa and Q.variabilis ., (Cheng-Bin Wang, Ning Jiang, Han Xue, Chun-Gen Piao, Yong Li.)

Strain DKSPLA3 T , a novel Gram-negative, catalase-positive, oxidase-positive, non-spore-forming, aerobic, non-nitrogen-fixing, non-motile bacterium was isolated from Quercus variablis leaf, in Zunyi, Guizhou, China. Growth occurred at 4-37 °C (optimum 28 °C), pH 4.0-9.0 (optimum pH 7.0) and up to 4.0% (w/v) NaCl (optimum under 2.0%, w/v). Phylogeny based on 16S rRNA gene indicated that strain DKSPLA3 T was a novel species in the genus Rhizobium, which was supported by average nucleotide identity (ANI) and digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) values. The predominant fatty acids of strain DKSPLA3 T were C 16:0 , C 18:1 ω7c and/or C 18:1 ω6c and C 18:1 ω7c 11-methyl. The major respiratory quinone was Q-10. Major polar lipids were diphosphatidyl glycerol (DPG), phosphatidyl glycerol (PG), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine (PME), phosphatidylcholine (PC), two unidentified phospholipids (PL) and nine unidentified lipids (L). The genomic G + C content was 64.47 mol%. Based on the phenotypic, phylogenetic and genotypic data, DKSPLA3 T should be classified as a novel species in the genus Rhizobium, for which the name Rhizobium quercicola sp. nov. (KCTC 82843 T  = CFCC 16,707T) is proposed., (© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Photoactivated chemotherapy has attracted widespread attention due to its ability to circumvent the shortcomings of hypoxia in tumor tissues compared with traditional photodynamic therapy. In this work, novel multifunctional nanoplatform (1), Ru-inhibitor@TPPMnCO@N-GQDs, was designed and prepared, which was capable of mitochondria-targeted co-delivery of the cysteine protease inhibitor and carbon monoxide (CO) stimulated with an 808 nm near infrared (NIR) laser. Nanoplatform (1) was prepared by covalent attachment of a mitochondria-targeted CO donor (TPPMnCO) and a Ru(II)-caged cysteine protease inhibitor (Ru-inhibitor) on the surface of fluorescent N-doped graphene quantum dots (N-GQDs). Nanoplatform (1) preferentially accumulated in the mitochondria of cancer cells and instantly delivered CO and the cysteine protease inhibitor upon 808 nm NIR light irradiation, thus damaging mitochondria and leading to significant in vitro and in vivo anticancer efficacy. In addition, nanoplatform (1) has good biocompatibility and did not exert any toxic side effects on mice during the period of treatment. The targeted subcellular mitochondrial co-delivery of CO and the cysteine protease inhibitor may provide new insights into CO and enzyme inhibitor combined therapies for cancer treatment.

Background: The tribe Polyneurini Amyot & Audinet-Serville, 1843 (Hemiptera: Cicadidae: Cicadinae) is a small tribe which includes four genera and 18 species, distributing in eastern Palaearctic and Oriental Regions. Most of them, four genera and 16 species, are known from China., New Information: A remarkable new species of cicada, Polyneuraguoliangi sp. n. (Hemiptera, Cicadidae, Cicadinae), is described and illustrated from Yunnan, southwest China. The diagnostic characters of the new species are compared with allied species or genera., (Cheng-Bin Wang, Peng-Yu Liu.)

A new species of stag beetle, Prosopocoilus zhuchuangi new species (Coleoptera: Lucanidae: Lucaninae) is described from China (Guizhou) and Vietnam. It is closely related to P. fulgens (Didier, 1927), sharing a fringe of dense setae in the apical 2/3 of the mesal sides of the mesotibiae and metatibiae. Diagnostic characters of the two species are illustrated and compared.

Background: The genus Latouchia Pocock, 1901 (Araneae: Mygalomorphae: Halonoproctidae: Ummidiinae) includes 21 species and 1 subspecies occurring in southeast Eurasia. Just like other trapdoor spiders, the specimens of Latouchia are rare in collections, unless from targeted collecting., New Information: Two new species of mygalomorph spiders, Latouchiarufa sp. n. from Guangdong, China and L.yejiei sp. n. from Hainan, China, are described and illustrated from both sexes. Diagnostic characters of the two species are provided., (Shu-Yuan Zhang, Cheng-Bin Wang.)

Background: The genus Falsonannocerus Pic, 1947 (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae, Stenochiinae, Cnodalonini) includes 13 known species occurring in West Africa, South Asia and Southeast Asia. The bionomics of species in this genus are unknown., New Information: The genus Falsonnannocerus Pic, 1947 is recorded for the first time from China, including two species: F.thailandicus Masumoto, 1986 from Yunnan and F.haizhuensis sp. n. from Guangdong. Morphological characters of the two species are illustrated and compared. The photographs of female reproductive system, which were never shown for this genus before, are also presented., (Jiang Zhu, Cheng-Bin Wang, Bao-Ying Feng.)

Objective: To review the therapeutic effect of acupuncture and moxibustion on allergic rhinitis based on the network Meta-analysis., Methods: The randomized controlled trials of acupuncture and moxibustion for allergic rhinitis were retrieved from the databases, starting from the date of establishment to August 17, 2020, i.e. the PubMed, EMbase, Cochrane Library, CNKI, Wanfang and VIP. The traditional Meta-analysis and network Meta-analysis were performed by RevMan5.3 and GeMTC0.14.3., Results: A total of 50 RCTs were included, including 4260 patients, involving 5 kinds of acupuncture and moxibustion therapies, such as acupuncture, moxibustion, acupoint application, acupoint thread-embedding and auricular point therapy.①In term of total effective rate, acupuncture, moxibustion and acupoint thread-embedding were superior to western medication and auricular point therapy ( P <0.05); moxibustion was superior to acupoint application ( P <0.05); acupoint thread-embedding was superior to acupoint application ( P <0.05). Acupoint thread-embedding was most likely to be the best treatment ( P <0.05). ②In term of total effective rate in follow-up, acupuncture, moxibustion, acupoint thread-embedding and auricular point therapy were superior to western medication ( P <0.05); acupuncture and moxibustion were superior to acupoint application ( P <0.05). Moxibustion was most likely to be the best treatment ( P <0.05). ③In term of total score of nasal symptom, moxibustion and acupoint thread-embedding were superior to acupuncture ( P <0.05)., Conclusion: The therapeutic effect of acupuncture and moxibustion on allergic rhinitis is better than western medication, and acupoint thread-embedding has the best curative effect.

A new species of the genus Enanea (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae: Diaperinae), E. baba sp. n., is described and illustrated from Southwest China, based on a male specimen from Dulongjiang in northwestern Yunnan. Diagnostic characters of the new species are provided. This is the first record of an Enanea species from the Chinese Mainland, which represents a remarkable extension of the known range of the genus.

A new species of the genus Lemaireia Nssig Holloway, 1988 (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae: Saturniinae: Saturniini), L. daparo sp. n., is described from evergreen broad-leaf forests in Panzhihua (Sichuan), Qujing (Yunnan) and Dali (Yunnan) of China. The new species resembles L. luteopeplus aureopeplus Nssig Holloway, 1988 and L. hainana Nssig Wang, 2006 from China, but can be easily separated from them by the male genitalia. In addition, the genus Lemaireia is reported here for the first time from Sichuan Province, and now its distribution range reached the northeastern extreme point. The habitus, diagnostic characters and distribution map of the three species of the genus Lemaireia from China are provided. A list of all Lemaireia species presently known worldwide is also given.

Background: The genus Anoplophora Hope, 1839 (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Lamiinae: Lamiini) includes 47 species (without subspecies) occurring in East, South and Southeast Asia. Amongst them, 38 species are known from CHINA. Members of this genus are familiar to Chinese people with a widely-used common name: " [starry longhorn beetle]". Anoplophora species have great economic importance, attacking and damaging numerous hardwood trees and some coniferous trees., New Information: A new species of starry longhorn beetle, Anoplophorahuangjianbini sp. n. (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Lamiinae: Lamiini) is described from Fujian and Guangxi, CHINA. Diagnostic characters of the new species are illustrated and comparison with closely-related congeners is provided., (Cheng-Bin Wang, Li He.)

Machine learning is a newly emerged discipline. It develops rapidly and has been penetrated into all walks of life and made great achievements in medical field. The introduction of machine learning in the field of acupuncture and moxibustion should fully play the advantages of targeted therapy of acupuncture and moxibustion, optimize the resource allocation of traditional Chinese medicine and accurately serve the clinic rather than only limited to data mining and analysis. In the paper, through the analysis of the relevant literature in recent years, the combination of acupuncture-moxibustion with machine learning was discussed from the aspects of acupoint selection and prescription, clinical teaching application of acupuncture and moxibustion, the prediction on acupuncture curative effect, etc. Moreover, on the base of multidisciplinary intersection and by means of machine learning, the exploration was given on the future direction of acupuncture and moxibustion.

A new species of longhorn beetle, Anoplophora puxian sp. n. (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae, Lamiini) is described from Sichuan, China. It is closely related to A. freyi (Breuning, 1947). Diagnostic characters of the two species are illustrated and compared.

An annotated catalogue for 22 extant species of the subfamily Rhysodinae (Coleoptera: Carabidae) from East Asia is presented, with 7 genera classified into 3 tribes: I. Clinidiini Bell Bell, 1978: Clinidium Kirby, 1830 (1 sp.) and Rhyzodiastes Fairmaire, 1895 (4 spp.); II. Omoglymmiini Bell Bell, 1978: Arrowina Bell Bell, 1978 (1 sp.), Yamatosa Bell Bell, 1979 (6 spp.), Shyrodes Grouvelle, 1903 (1 sp.), and Omoglymmius Ganglbauer, 1891 (8 spp.); III. Rhysodini Laporte, 1840: Rhysodes Germar, 1822 (1 sp.). For each genus- and species-group name, synonymy, type locality, type depository, distribution, and bibliography are provided where appropriate. A modified key to genera of rhysodine beetles from East Asia is compiled.

The two species of the genus Eurypteryx C. Felder R. Felder, 1874 known from China, E. bhaga and E. dianae (Lepidoptera, Sphingidae, Macroglossinae, Macroglossini) were examined and compared with E. geoffreyi from Thailand. The male E. dianae is described for the first time based on a single specimen from an evergreen broad-leaf forest in Maolan Nature Reserve, Libo, Guizhou, China. The diagnostic features and a distribution map of the species of Eurypteryx in China are provided. A list of all Eurypteryx species presently known worldwide is also given.

Objective: To compare the therapeutic effects of "Bangci"(focal center-side needling) and encircling needling in promoting skin wound healing and local blood perfusion in diabetic mice., Methods: Thirty-two male C57BL/6N mice were randomized into normal, diabetic model, focal center-side needling and encircling needling groups ( n =8 in each group). The skin wound model was prepared by cutting a piece of full-thickness skin at the mouse's back by using a puncher. One hour after modeling, two acupuncture needles were respectively inserted into the center of the wound and the spot at the normal skin about 0.5 cm away from the edge of the wound for mice of the focal center-side needling group, followed by EA (0.5 mA, 0.5 Hz) for 30 min. For mice of the encircling needling group, 4 acupuncture needles were respectively inserted into the upper, lower, left and right normal marginal skin around the wound, followed by EA stimulation with the same parameters as those of the center-side needling group. The wound conditions, diameter and area of the wound were monitored, and the wound blood perfusion volume was measured by using a laser speckle flowmeter., Results: The wound shrinkage rates were significantly higher at the time-points of 3, 5, 7, 9 and 11 d after modeling in both focal center-side needling and encircling needling groups than in the model group ( P <0.05), and on day 3, 5, 7 and 9 in the encircling needling group than in the focal center-side needling group ( P <0.05). The wound healing time was obviously earlier in both focal center-side needling and encircling needling groups than in the model group ( P <0.05), and in the encircling needling group than in the focal center-side needling group ( P <0.05). Following modeling, the volume of wound blood perfusion was considerably higher from day 1 to 9 and markedly lower on day 11 in the model group than in the normal group ( P <0.01), and after the intervention, the blood perfusion volume was considerably decreased on day 3, 5, 7 and 9 in both the focal center-side needling and encircling needling groups( P <0.05, P <0.01), and obviously increased on day 11 in the encircling needling group relevant to the model group ( P <0.01).Comparison between post- and pre-EA stimulation showed that the immediate blood perfusion volume was significantly increased from day 1 to 11 after EA stimulation in both the focal center-side needling and encircling needling groups ( P <0.01, P <0.05). The therapeutic effect of the encircling needling group was significantly superior to that of the focal center-side needling group in lowering blood perfusion volume from day 3 to 7, and in increasing blood perfusion volume on day 9 and 11 ( P <0.01). Under the naked eyes, the conditions of exudation and inflammatory reaction, and the scar and granulation tissue were relatively milder and better respectively in both the center-side needling and encircling needling groups than in the model group., Conclusion: Both focal center-side needling and encircling needling can promote the skin wound healing by increasing the blood perfusion in diabetic mice, and the therapeutic effect of the encircling needling method was significantly superior to that of the focal center-side needling method.

A new species of hawkmoth, Dahira sichuanica sp. nov. (Lepidoptera, Sphingidae, Macroglossinae, Macroglossini), is described based on a single male from an evergreen broad-leaf forest in Dafengding Nature Reserve, Leshan, Sichuan, China. The habitus and diagnostic features of the new species are described and illustrated. A list of all Dahira species presently known from China and the distribution map of the new species are also given.

Background: Grafting vessel with LIMA to the left anterior descending coronary artery plays a most important role in the long-term prognosis of OPCABG surgery. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of isoflurane preconditioning on miRs and mRNAs levels in the left internal mammary arterie (LIMA) graft with propofol in patients undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery (OPCABG)., Methods: Patients were randomly assigned to receive either propofol (n = 15), or interrupted isoflurane (n = 15). In group P, propofol administration was continued at 3-5 mg/kg/h intravenous injection for the duration of surgery. Five minutes prior to incision, patients of the isoflurane group (group Iso) received 2 cycles of 1 MAC isoflurane., Results: miR-221 were significantly lower in group Iso (P < 0 .05). E-selectin mRNA, RhoA mRNA and ROK mRNA were significantly lower at specimens of LIMA in group Iso compared with those in group P patients (P < 0 .05). The expression of NOS3 mRNA was significantly higher in group Iso patients (P < 0 .05)., Conclusion: Our findings provide some insight that prior interrupted isoflurane administration could regulate miR-221, and downstream effectors (mRNAs) and resulted in actual attenuation of inflammation and spasm of LIMA in patients undergoing OPCABG surgery., Trial Registration: NCT No. ( ClinicalTrials.gov ): NCT02678650; Registration date: January 23, 2016.

The conundrum of Ptomaphagus (s. str.) sibiricus Jeannel, 1934 (Coleoptera, Leiodidae, Cholevinae, Ptomaphagini) is solved, and it is redescribed and newly recorded in South Korea. A new species is also described from the Russian Far East: Ptomaphagus (s. str.) hayashii sp. n. Relevant morphological characters of the concerned species are illustrated with colour plates, and their known distributions are mapped.

Ptomaphagus (s. str.) chenggongi sp. n. and Ptomaphagus (s. str.) tingtingae sp. n. (Coleoptera, Leiodidae, Cholevinae, Ptomaphagini) are described from Taiwan Island. In addition, a new subjective synonym is proposed, Ptomaphagus (s. str.) yasutoshii Nishikawa, 1993 = Ptomaphagus (s. str.) smetanai Perreau, 1996, syn. n. Relevant morphological characters of the examined Ptomaphagus species are illustrated with colour plates, and their known distributions are mapped.

After examining Japanese material of Ptomaphagus Hellwig from various collections, a new species is described, Ptomaphagus (s. str.) piccoloi sp. n., and a new subjective synonym proposed, Ptomaphagus (s. str.) kuntzeni Sokolowski, 1957 = Ptomaphagus (s. str.) amamianus Nakane, 1963, syn. n., in this paper. Relevant morphological characters of examined species of Ptomaphagus are illustrated with colour plates, and known distributions are mapped.

Rhyzodiastes (Temoana) xii sp. nov. (Coleoptera: Rhysodidae: Clinidiini) is described from Hainan Island, China. Important morphological characters of the new species are illustrated. An updated key to nine species of of the R. (T.) singularis species-group is compiled so as to include the new species.

Objective: To explore the value of morphological examination, cytochemical staining combined with bone marrow biopsy in the differential diagnosis between myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) with low blasts and hemolytic anemia (HA)., Methods: The clinical data of 85 cases of myelodysplastic syndrome with low blasts (< 5%) and 61 patients with hemolytic anemia in Chinese PLA's Gerneral hospital from September 2009 to March 2015 were retrospectively analysed. The clinical characteristics, cytogenetic and molecular features, bone marrow cell count and morphology features, cytochemical staining results and bone marrow biopsy features of above-methioned patients were compared., Results: There was no significant difference (P > 0.05) in clinical data between MDS group and HA group. Megakaryocytic dysplasia-positive rate, and ring sideroblasts positive rate, and PAS positive rate were significantly higher in MDS group than those that in HA group (P < 0.05). Abnormal localization of immature precursors (ALIP) and megakaryocytic dysplasia positive rate in bone marrow biopsy were significantly higher in MDS group than those that in HA group (P < 0.05), 90.6% of MDS with low blasts patients were identifiable by combined detections., Conclusion: Combining detection of morphology, cytochemistry staining and bone marrow biopsy has been confirmed to be more useful for differential diagnosis between MDS with low blasts and HA.

Objective: To investigate the clinical significance of ZO-1 gene methylation level in MDS progression in order to provide a theoretical basis for evaluating progrosis of MDS patients., Methods: The methylation specific PCR (MS-PCR) was performed to evaluate the ZO-1 gene methylation status in bone marrow samples of normal persons as control (NC). MDS and AML patients, the bisulfite sequencing PCR (BSP) was applied to detect the ZO-1 gene methylation status in serial bone marrow samples of MDS-RA, MDS-RAEB and AML stages of a MDS patients., Results: The possitive rate of ZO-1 gene methylation in samples of NC, MDS and AML patients displayed significant difference; in sample of NC group the positive of ZO-1 gene methylation was not observed, but the positive rate of ZO-1 gene methylation in samples of AML patients was highest (65.0%), the proportion of ZO-1 gene methylation in myeloid blast count of MDS/AML patients was higher (P=0.000). The serial samples in one MDS patient showed that along with progress of disease, the positive rate of ZO-1 gene methylation in MDS-RA, MDS-RAEB and AML stages was found to be obvious different (P=0.000), the positive rate of ZO-1 gene methylation in AML stage was highest (64.65%)., Conclusion: The high methylation in promoter region of ZO-1 gene has been found in MDS/AML patients, and along with clonal proliferation, the positive rate of ZO-1 methylation and positive froguency of methylation sites increase graduatly which suggests that the MDS progresses in a certain degree, and the ZO-1 gene methylation level may be used as an new indicator for monitoring desease progression from MDS to AML.

Objective: To evaluate significance of ID4 gene mehtylation in demethylating myelodysplastic syndrome(MDS) cell Line MUTZ1 and 2 patients with MDS., Methods: The methylation-specific PCR (MS-PCR) and reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) were applied to identify the methylation status and gene expression of ID4 gene in MDS cell line MUTZ1, a patient with aplastic anemia(AA) and a donor with normal bone marrow (NBM). RT-PCR was applied to detect the ID4 gene expression status in MUTZ1 cell line treated with decitabine at 3 different concentrations. Then bisulfite sequencing PCR (BSP) was applied to detect ID4 gene methylation status in 2 MDS parients treated with decitabine., Results: The MDS cell line MUTZ-1 displayed a complete methylation of ID4 gene promoter with little mRNA expression. Inversely, bone marrow of an AA patient and NBM showed complete unmethylation of this gene with intensity mRNA expression. With the increase of decitabine concentration, ID4 gene mRNA expression was more and more increased. After decitabine treatment, ID4 gene methylation-positive frequencies of both the 2 MDS patients were much more decreased than that of the first treatment. So, ID4 gene mRNA expression inhibited by promoter hypemethylation could be recovered by using demethylation medicine., Conclusion: ID4 as a new potential anti-oncogene suggests that its methylation may become a marker for selection and assessment of therapeutic schedules in patients with MDS.

Objective: This study was aimed to evaluate the significance of bone marrow(BM) morphological examination and many tumor marker(TM) detection, especially carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), cancer antigen 125(CA125), cancer antigen 15-3 (CA15-3) and serum ferritin (SF) for lymphoma diagnosis and prognosis., Methods: A total of 47 confirmed patients with lymphoma in our hospital from January 2012 to October 2013 and 20 health peoplels as normal controls were performed with bone marrow morphological examination, at the same time, the electrochemistry luminescent technique was applied for detecting levels of TM (especially CEA, CA125, CA15-3 and SF) in serum samples of lymphoma patient and normal controls, then the BM immature lymphocyte counts of these people and clinical parameters were analyzed for diagnosis and prognosis., Results: There was significant differences in all the four TM levels between serum samples of lymphoma patients and normal control (P=0.029, P=0.000, P=0.005, P=0.000). These TM levels had no correlation with age, sex white blood cell, lymphocyte, platelet counts and anemia of lymphoma patients (P>0.05). It was also found that the patients with elevated TM levels had high BM immature lymphocytes (lymphoma cells) counts, B symptoms, advanced clinical stage and high IPI index (P<0.05). The CA15-3 and SF levels in serum samples of lymphoma patients with BM infiltration were higher than that in lymphoma patients without BM infiltration (P=0.002, P=0.000)., Conclusion: Combination of BM morphological examination with serum TM level detection plays an important role in diagnosis, clinical stage and prognosis evaluation of lymphoma patients. It is also very important for assessing BM infiltration status of lymphoma patients.

This study was purposed to investigate the antitumor effect of oridonin on human multiple myeloma cell line U266 and its possible mechanism. The CCK-8 test was used to determine the inhibitory effect of oridonin on proliferation of U266 cells. The morphological changes of U266 cells were observed under optical microscope. The apoptosis rate of U266 cells was detected by flow cytometry. The mRNA levels of FGFR3, BCL2, CCND1 and MYC genes were quantified by using real-time quantitative PCR method, and the protein levels of BCL2, MYC, CCND1, FGFR3 and P53 were detected by Western blot. The results showed that the oridonin obviously inhibited the growth of U266 cell in dose-and time-dependent manners. As for morphological changes, characteristic apoptotic cells presented in U266 cells treated with 10 µmol/L oridonin for 24 hours. The apoptotic rate of U266 cells increased in dose and time dependent manners; after treatment of U266 cells with oridonin the mRNA levels of FGFR3, BCL2, CCND1 and MYC as well as the their protein levels decreased. Occasionally, the oridonin up-regulated the protein levels of P53 in the same manner. It is concluded that the oridonin can exert its anti-tumor effect by inhibiting proliferation and inducing apoptosis of U266 cell in dose dependent and time dependent manners, that maybe give the clues about new program of target therapy for multiple myeloma.

Objective: To investigate the risk factors of postoperative hemodialysis in patients undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCAB)., Methods: The perioperative data of 2379 consecutive patients undergoing OPCAB from November 2007 to February 2009 were analyzed retrospectively. Patients were divided into dialysis group and non-dialysis group according to their use of hemodialysis therapy or not., Results: Fifty-four patients experienced hemodialysis postoperatively. The incidence of hemodialysis was 2.3%, the mortality rate of dialysis group and non-dialysis group was 18.5% and 0.9% respectively. Univariate analysis showed that these factors significantly related with the postoperative dialysis:intraoperative ventricular fibrillation, emergent cardiopulmonary bypass, preoperative atrial fibrillation, intraoperative atrial fibrillation, preoperative renal dysfunction, intraoperative high-dose adrenaline usage, ventricular aneurysm, combined valvular disease, hypertension, age and numbers of grafting vessels. Multivariate logistic regression showed that intraoperative ventricular fibrillation, intraoperative high-dose adrenaline usage, hypertension, age and the numbers of grafting vessel were the risk factors of postoperative hemodialysis for patients undergoing OPCAB surgery., Conclusion: Intraoperative ventricular fibrillation, intraoperative high-dose adrenaline usage, hypertension, age and the numbers of grafting vessels were the independent predictors of postoperative hemodialysis in patients undergoing OPCAB surgery.

Objective: This study examined the effects of PI3K inhibitor LY294002 on the differentiation of mouse preadipocytes and the expression of CCAAT enhancer binding protein α (C/EBPα) and peroxisome proliferation activated receptor γ (PPARγ), in order to study the possible roles of insulin receptor substrate (IRSs)/PI3K signal pathway in the differentiation of preadipocytes., Methods: The mouse 3T3-L1 cells were cultured normally and divided into experimental and control groups. 3T3-L1 cells in the experimental group were treated with PI3K inhibitor LY294002 (25 μmol/L) and those in the control group were treated with DMSO culture medium. 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX) (0.5 mmol/L), dexamethasone (10-6 mol/L) and insulin (5 μg/mL) were used to induce the differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes in both groups. Before culture, and 2, 4 and 8 days after culture, the cells were collected to detect the expression of C/EBPα and PPARγ by real-time PCR and Western blot assays. The lipid droplets of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were observed by oil-red O staining., Results: PI3K inhibitor LY294002 did not affect the expression of C/EBPα and PPARγ in un-induced 3T3-L1 preadipocytes (P>0.05), but decreased the expression of C/EBPα and PPARγ during the in vitro induced differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes compared with the control group (P<0.05 or 0.01). The lipid droplets count was greatly reduced by LY294002., Conclusions: PI3K inhibitor LY294002 can inhibit the differentiation of mouse 3T3-LI preadipocytes and the expression of C/EBPα and PPARγ in the differentiation of 3T3-LI preadipoeytes, suggesting that IRSs/PI3K signal pathway may play an important role in the differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes by regulating the expression of C/EBPα and PPARγ.