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Since 2010, Denmark has included the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugated vaccine (PCV-13) in the childhood immunization programme. However, serotype 3 remains as an important cause of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) in Denmark. IPD surveillance data (1999–2016) was used to calculate the incidence and age-distribution of serotype 3 IPD, and the effect of PCV-13 on serotype 3 IPD incidence was examined. The incidence of serotype 3 IPD in the age group below 65 years was 0.51/100,000 pre PCV-13, and 0.45/100,000 post PCV-13. In the group 0–4 years, serotype 3 IPD incidence was 0.28/100,000 pre PCV-13, and 0.16/100,000 post PCV-13. Serotype 3 IPD incidence in the elderly showed a mean of 4.27/100,000 pre PCV-13, and 4.32/100,000 post PCV-13. PCV-13 childhood immunization in Denmark has not lead to a reduction of the incidence of IPD caused by serotype 3. The reason behind this missing effect needs to be investigated further.

The identification of the two most prevalent susceptibility genes in breast cancer, BRCA1 and BRCA2, was the beginning of a sustained effort to uncover new genes explaining the missing heritability in this disease. Today, additional high, moderate and low penetrance genes have been identified in breast cancer, such as P53, PTEN, STK11, PALB2 or ATM, globally accounting for around 35 percent of the familial cases. In the present study we used massively parallel sequencing to analyze 7 BRCA1/BRCA2 negative families, each having at least 6 affected women with breast cancer (between 6 and 10) diagnosed under the age of 60 across generations. After extensive filtering, Sanger sequencing validation and co-segregation studies, variants were prioritized through either control-population studies, including up to 750 healthy individuals, or case-control assays comprising approximately 5300 samples. As a result, a known moderate susceptibility indel variant (CHEK2 1100delC) and a catalogue of 11 rare variants presenting signs of association with breast cancer were identified. All the affected genes are involved in important cellular mechanisms like DNA repair, cell proliferation and survival or cell cycle regulation. This study highlights the need to investigate the role of rare variants in familial cancer development by means of novel high throughput analysis strategies optimized for genetically heterogeneous scenarios. Even considering the intrinsic limitations of exome resequencing studies, our findings support the hypothesis that the majority of non-BRCA1/BRCA2 breast cancer families might be explained by the action of moderate and/or low penetrance susceptibility alleles.

Antimicrobial resistance is a global concern, far from being resolved. The need of new drugs against new targets is imminent. In this work, we present a family of aminoalkyl resveratrol derivatives with antibacterial activity inspired by the properties of cationic amphipathic antimicrobial peptides. Surprisingly, the newly designed molecules display modest activity against aerobically growing bacteria but show surprisingly good antimicrobial activity against anaerobic bacteria (Gram-negative and Gram-positive) suggesting specificity towards this bacterial group. Preliminary studies into the action mechanism suggest that activity takes place at the membrane level, while no cross-resistance with traditional antibiotics is observed. Actually, some good synergistic relations with existing antibiotics were found against Gram-negative pathogens. However, some cytotoxicity was observed, despite their low haemolytic activity. Our results show the importance of the balance between positively charged moieties and hydrophobicity to improve antimicrobial activity, setting the stage for the design of new drugs based on these molecules.

Psychotic features can be present in both narcolepsy and psychosis, which can result in challenges in diagnosis and management. The prevalence of both conditions is low and the reports in young people are scarce. Our report illustrates the relevance of a thorough differential diagnosis as well as the need to explore treatment avenues based on the evidence available for both narcolepsy and psychosis symptoms to try and maximise the therapeutic impact.

Este trabajo presenta los resultados preliminares obtenidos en la conformación del Atlas Iberoamericano en Bioética que ha desarrollado el Centro Anáhuac de Desarrollo Estratégico en Bioética (CADEBI) respecto a la identificación y análisis de las instituciones de Bioética existentes en la Región. Se realizó una revisión documental a través de motores de búsqueda, bases de datos, redes sociales y otras fuentes. La información obtenida se agrupó en seis diferentes categorías de acuerdo con la estructura, objetivos y actividades que desarrollan. De esta manera, se realizó un diagnóstico inicial con base en las fuentes documentales disponibles en la Web. Como parte de los resultados, se identificaron 157 instituciones en 25 países; así como la variación en la densidad institucional, concentrándose principalmente en España (29 instituciones), México (26 instituciones), Argentina (17 instituciones), Brasil (13 instituciones), Chile (11 instituciones) y Colombia (8 instituciones). Además, se resalta la importancia de las comisiones nacionales de bioética en el desarrollo institucional, señalando la relación entre el avance científico y tecnológico de los países y el desarrollo de la bioética. El texto concluye con la propuesta de crear un Observatorio de la Red Iberoamericana de Bioética para documentar y promover el intercambio institucional y científico en la Región, así como algunas recomendaciones derivadas del desarrollo de este trabajo.

Catastrophic injury is a devastating damage, affecting many structures, leading to disability or amputation. With the objective of describing the clinical picture, treatment and evolution of a catastrophic injury to the right upper limb, it is presented the case of a 23-year-old male patient, who suffers trauma to the limb, when introduced into a cane grinding machine, wound contusion, bleeding, edema and avulsion of tissues, from the brachial region to the wrist, with exposure of muscle groups. Bleeding is controlled by repositioning the skin. From the second day onwards he presented fever, ischemia and infection; a necrectomy was carried out. Expanded dermal skin is grafted. Four months later he returned to life. Catastrophic injury represents a challenge in medical care, due to the need for an interdisciplinary approach. The preservation of the damaged limb is part of effective hemostasis and infection control.

Abstract Background In fewer than 1% of patients, AD is caused by autosomal dominant mutations in either the presenilin 1 (PSEN1), presenilin 2 (PSEN2), or amyloid precursor protein (APP) genes. The full extent of familial AD and frequency of these variants remains understudied in Latin American (LatAm) countries. Due to the rare nature of these variants, determining the pathogenicity of a novel variant in these genes can be challenging. Here, we use a systematic approach to assign the likelihood of pathogenicity in variants from densely affected families in Latin American populations. Methods Clinical data was collected from LatAm families at risk for DIAD. Symptomatic family members were identified and assessed by local clinicians and referred for genetic counseling and testing. To determine the likelihood of pathogenicity among variants of unknown significance from LatAm populations, we report pedigree information, frequency in control populations, in silico predictions, and cell-based models of amyloid-beta ratios. Results We identified five novel variants in the presenilin1 (PSEN1) gene from Brazilian and Mexican families. The mean age at onset in newly identified families was 43.5 years (range 36–54). PSEN1 p.Val103_Ser104delinsGly, p.Lys395Ile, p.Pro264Se, p.Ala275Thr, and p.Ile414Thr variants have not been reported in PubMed, ClinVar, and have not been reported in dominantly inherited AD (DIAD) families. We found that PSEN1 p.Val103_Ser104delinsGly, p.Lys395Ile, p.Pro264Se, and p.Ala275Thr produce Aβ profiles consistent with known AD pathogenic mutations. PSEN1 p.Ile414Thr did not alter Aβ in a manner consistent with a known pathogenic mutation. Conclusions Our study provides further insights into the genetics of AD in LatAm. Based on our findings, including clinical presentation, imaging, genetic, segregations studies, and cell-based analysis, we propose that PSEN1 p.Val103_Ser104delinsGly, p.Lys395Ile, p.Pro264Se, and p.Ala275Thr are likely pathogenic variants resulting in DIAD, whereas PSEN1 p.Ile414Thr is likely a risk factor. This report is a step forward to improving the inclusion/engagement of LatAm families in research. Family discovery is of great relevance for the region, as new initiatives are underway to extend clinical trials and observational studies to families living with DIAD.

Desde hace unos años viene cobrando fuerza un enfoque de aprendizaje diferente, llamado flipped learning o aprendizaje invertido. El objetivo principal de nuestro estudio es analizar, a través de una experiencia práctica en una parte de la asignatura “lengua extranjera a través de las NNTT”, la influencia de dicho enfoque en la actitud de 40 estudiantes universitarios hacia dicha materia. Para la recolección de datos se utilizaron técnicas tanto de tipo cuantitativo como cualitativo. Los resultados obtenidos revelan la preferencia del alumnado por el flipped learning frente al enfoque tradicional. Asimismo, se ha constatado una mejora en la actitud, motivación e interés hacia la asignatura; así como un aumento en la autonomía del alumnado y en las interacciones entre el propio alumnado y entre alumnado y profesor. Por otro lado, los sujetos mencionaron una mejora en su inglés y en su dominio de las TIC. También quedan reflejadas en el trabajo las ventajas y las desventajas señaladas por los participantes. Tras unos resultados tan positivos se concluye la necesidad de tener este enfoque en cuenta a la hora de organizar el proceso de enseñanza. Por consiguiente, el estudio también apoya la idea de que el profesorado debería recibir la formación adecuada para poder incorporar el flipped learning en su docencia.

Abstract Long runs of homozygosity (ROH) are contiguous stretches of homozygous genotypes, which are a footprint of inbreeding and recessive inheritance. The presence of recessive loci is suggested for Alzheimer’s disease (AD); however, their search has been poorly assessed to date. To investigate homozygosity in AD, here we performed a fine-scale ROH analysis using 10 independent cohorts of European ancestry (11,919 AD cases and 9181 controls.) We detected an increase of homozygosity in AD cases compared to controls [β AVROH (CI 95%) = 0.070 (0.037–0.104); P = 3.91 × 10−5; β FROH (CI95%) = 0.043 (0.009–0.076); P = 0.013]. ROHs increasing the risk of AD (OR > 1) were significantly overrepresented compared to ROHs increasing protection (p

In Esquel Chubut, Argentina, local development actions promote small production units and encourage new entrepreneurs. This article describes entrepreneurial manufacturers of goods and service providers, identifies their qualities considering hypotheses that they undertake based on business opportunities, and addresses the types of ventures that they aspire to generate. A self-administered online survey was carried out in July 2021. The obtained results coincided with Argentinian entrepreneurship metrics: more men than women, average age of 41.5 years, high educational level. Concerning the future, 33.9% aspire to "increase the level of profits annually", 25.8% to "lead a fast-growing competitive company", and 19.4% want to "achieve a moderate growth of the business and continue managing it on their own". Esquel presents a valuable venture profile regarding diversity, distribution, and entrepreneurial motivation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

La realidad actual y sus múltiples interacciones exigen de la bioética global una respuesta clara que establezca las bases para la guía y solución de los conflictos y dilemas bioéticos globales. A lo largo del presente texto se reflexionará acerca de los alcances de la bioética global, desde su nacimiento como disciplina hasta hoy, para concluir con una propuesta de metodología que contribuya al aporte de soluciones sencillas a problemas complejos desde una perspectiva interdisciplinaria.

Objective: To analyze the SARS-CoV-2 genomic epidemiology in the Balearic Islands, a unique setting in which the course of the pandemic has been influenced by a complex interplay between insularity, severe social restrictions and tourism travels.Methods: Since the onset of the pandemic, more than 2,700 SARS-CoV-2 positive respiratory samples have been randomly selected and sequenced in the Balearic Islands. Genetic diversity of circulating variants was assessed by lineage assignment of consensus whole genome sequences with PANGOLIN and investigation of additional spike mutations.Results: Consensus sequences were assigned to 46 different PANGO lineages and 75% of genomes were classified within a VOC, VUI, or VUM variant according to the WHO definitions. Highest genetic diversity was documented in the island of Majorca (42 different lineages detected). Globally, lineages B.1.1.7 and B.1.617.2/AY.X were identified as the 2 major lineages circulating in the Balearic Islands during the pandemic, distantly followed by lineages B.1.177/B.1.177.X. However, in Ibiza/Formentera lineage distribution was slightly different and lineage B.1.221 was the third most prevalent. Temporal distribution analysis showed that B.1 and B.1.5 lineages dominated the first epidemic wave, lineage B.1.177 dominated the second and third, and lineage B.1.617.2 the fourth. Of note, lineage B.1.1.7 became the most prevalent circulating lineage during first half of 2021; however, it was not associated with an increased in COVID-19 cases likely due to severe social restrictions and limited travels. Additional spike mutations were rarely documented with the exception of mutation S:Q613H which has been detected in several genomes (n = 25) since July 2021.Conclusion: Virus evolution, mainly driven by the acquisition and selection of spike substitutions conferring biological advantages, social restrictions, and size population are apparently key factors for explaining the epidemic patterns registered in the Balearic Islands.

Developing neurons form synapses at a high rate. Synaptic transmission is very energy-demanding and likely requires ATP production by mitochondria nearby. Mitochondria might be targeted to active synapses in young dendrites, but whether such motility regulation mechanisms exist is unclear. We investigated the relationship between mitochondrial motility and neuronal activity in the primary visual cortex of young mice in vivo and in slice cultures. During the first 2 postnatal weeks, mitochondrial motility decreases while the frequency of neuronal activity increases. Global calcium transients do not affect mitochondrial motility. However, individual synaptic transmission events precede local mitochondrial arrest. Pharmacological stimulation of synaptic vesicle release, but not focal glutamate application alone, stops mitochondria, suggesting that an unidentified factor co-released with glutamate is required for mitochondrial arrest. A computational model of synaptic transmission-mediated mitochondrial arrest shows that the developmental increase in synapse number and transmission frequency can contribute substantially to the age-dependent decrease of mitochondrial motility.

Noticing the generally lower-than-desirable English language proficiency level with which Spanish students start university, I considered trying a different approach in which the use of a familiar application would be introduced in the classroom. The main objective of this work is to explore Primary Education degree programme students’ attitudes towards the integration of YouTube in the English language classroom. To this end, 46 third-year intermediate-level students participated in the study. It adopted a mixed-method approach, using a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods. The results show that, although participants mentioned some drawbacks, they reacted positively to the use of the platform. Given these results and the benefits offered, the integration of YouTube in the foreign language classroom is highly recommended.

El artículo tiene por objetivo caracterizar los emprendedores y emprendimientos del sector turístico de Esquel, Argentina, desde el enfoque del emprendedorismo. Se parte de la hipótesis de que la mayoría de emprendimientos son Pymes familiares con bajo potencial de crecimiento. Para el desarrollo metodológico se aplicó una encuesta semiestructurada a una muestra de emprendedores del sector turístico, representativa del total y se caracterizaron como style life, que son aquellos que buscan alcanzar su desarrollo personal antes que desarrollar emprendimientos dinámicos, porque su fin último es sostener un estilo de vida determinado. La mayoría de las empresas son familiares, de tamaño pequeño y mediano, que trabajan en pequeña escala para sostenerse en el mercado. The objective of the paper is to characterize the entrepreneurs and entrepreneurs of the tourism sector in Esquel, Argentina, from an entrepreneurial perspective. It is based on the hypothesis that the majority of enterprises are family SMEs with low growth potential. For the methodological development a semistructured survey was applied to a sample of entrepreneurs of the tourism sector, representative of the total and characterized as style life, which are those that seek to achieve their personal development rather than develop dynamic ventures, because their ultimate goal is to sustain a determined lifestyle. Most companies are family, small and medium-sized, that work on a small scale to sustain themselves in the market. O objetivo do artigo é caracterizar os empreendedores e empresários do setor de turismo em Esquel, Argentina, a partir de uma perspectiva empreendedora. Baseia-se na hipótese de que a maioria das empresas são PMEs familiares com baixo potencial de crescimento. Para o desenvolvimento metodológico foi aplicado um survey semiestruturado a uma amostra de empreendedores do setor turístico, representativos do total e caracterizados como estilo de vida, que são aqueles que buscam atingir seu desenvolvimento pessoal ao invés de desenvolver empreendimentos dinâmicos, pois seu objetivo final é sustentar estilo de vida determinado. A maioria das empresas é familiar, pequena e média, que trabalha em pequena escala para se sustentar no mercado.

La situación de niños y niñas extranjeros no acompañados que llegan a España es una cuestión que preocupa a defensores de Derechos Humanos, dado que están en constante riesgo de exclusión social y vulnerabilidad. Este artículo de reflexión presenta una juiciosa conceptualización del término desprotección a la luz de tres instrumentos internacionales que protegen los derechos de los menores, para vincularlos posteriormente con tres casos presentados en España, que fueron ampliamente documentados por la prensa. Las conclusiones establecen algunos parámetros a tener en cuenta para trabajadoras y trabajadores sociales que se vinculan en la defensa de los Derechos de estos niños.

Abstract Background Low frequency coding variants in TREM2 are associated with Alzheimer disease (AD) risk and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) TREM2 protein levels are different between AD cases and controls. Similarly, TREM2 risk variant carriers also exhibit differential CSF TREM2 levels. TREM2 has three different alternative transcripts, but most of the functional studies only model the longest transcript. No studies have analyzed TREM2 expression levels or alternative splicing in brains from AD and cognitively normal individuals. We wanted to determine whether there was differential expression of TREM2 in sporadic-AD cases versus AD-TREM2 carriers vs sex- and aged-matched normal controls; and if this differential expression was due to a particular TREM2 transcript. Methods We analyzed RNA-Seq data from parietal lobe brain tissue from AD cases with TREM2 variants (n = 33), AD cases (n = 195) and healthy controls (n = 118), from three independent datasets using Kallisto and the R package tximport to determine the read count for each transcript and quantified transcript abundance as transcripts per million. Results The three TREM2 transcripts were expressed in brain cortex in the three datasets. We demonstrate for the first time that the transcript that lacks the transmembrane domain and encodes a soluble form of TREM2 (sTREM2) has an expression level around 60% of the canonical transcript, suggesting that around 25% of the sTREM2 protein levels could be explained by this transcript. We did not observe a difference in the overall TREM2 expression level between cases and controls. However, the isoform which lacks the 5′ exon, but includes the transmembrane domain, was significantly lower in TREM2- p.R62H carriers than in AD cases (p = 0.007). Conclusion Using bulk RNA-Seq data from three different cohorts, we were able to quantify the expression level of the three TREM2 transcripts, demonstrating: (1) all three transcripts of them are highly expressed in the human cortex, (2) that up to 25% of the sTREM2 may be due to the expression of a specific isoform and not TREM2 cleavage; and (3) that TREM2 risk variants do not affect expression levels, suggesting that the effect of the TREM2 variants on CSF levels occurs at post-transcriptional level.

En Esquel, Chubut, Argentina, la sociedad ha debatido y reconocido el turismo como una actividad económica relevante para estimular el desarrollo local. Frente a la hipótesis de que el Estado no aparece como promotor del desarrollo turístico y de que existe una escasa coordinación público-privada, los objetivos del artículo son indagar sobre las apreciaciones de los emprendedores turísticos de Esquel respecto al rol que cumple el Estado en el proceso emprendedor en turismo y presentar algunas reflexiones preliminares. Los resultados de 76 encuestas realizadas a emprendedores turísticos señalan que el 84% considera que no se estimula la creación de emprendimientos turísticos, y entre los causales aparecen los vinculados con la acción del Estado. A su vez, el 39% menciona haber recibido ayuda estatal en capacitaciones, entre otros aspectos.

En el norte neuquino existen depósitos piroclásticos que contienen nódulos de obsidianas. Las investigaciones en la región dieron a conocer las principales fuentes utilizadas por las poblaciones que allí habitaron. Para profundizar el conocimiento de cada fuente de obsidiana se adoptó un programa de estudio geoarqueológico y geoquímico. Así, se han descubierto nuevas ocurrencias de obsidianas, la más destacable de las cuales es la obsidiana Varvarco que aquí se presenta. Se dan a conocer los muestreos realizados en el valle del río Varvarco, su contexto geológico y geomorfológico, la presencia de obsidiana, el tipo de yacimiento, forma de presentación, distribución y abundancia. Luego, se describen las principales características observadas bajo microscopio petrográfico. Por último, se presentan los resultados de análisis geoquímicos de fluorescencia de rayos X y activación neutrónica. A partir de los primeros la obsidiana Varvarco se diferencia de la de Cerro Huenul, pero no de la obsidiana Maule 1 y 2. Los segundos análisis discriminan bien esta nueva obsidiana de las ya conocidas para Neuquén. Los resultados obtenidos permiten reinterpretar la disponibilidad de recursos líticos de buena calidad para la talla y revisar las interpretaciones de movilidad e interacción de poblaciones en esta región.

La tecnología lítica es de tipo reductiva y sus evidencias constituyen los restos materiales que más se preservan en el registro arqueológico. En Patagonia, los trabajos sobre tecnología lítica presentan una larga trayectoria que abarca diferentes temáticas. Sin embargo, aún no se ha consensuado un lenguaje común para la denominación de las materias primas aptas para la manufactura de artefactos. Esto acarrea un problema ampliamente conocido: la dificultad para realizar comparaciones entre diferentes áreas de estudio o entre trabajos de una misma área pero realizados por distintos investigadores, con otros criterios. En el presente trabajo proponemos un esquema clasificatorio macroscópico para los minerales y rocas disponibles en Patagonia aptos para la manufactura de artefactos mediante la talla y/o abrasión, picado y pulido. Esta clasificación parte de una exhaustiva revisión bibliográfica sobre el tema y se sustenta en la interacción permanente con geólogos especializados en mineralogía y petrografía. Además, ha sido discutida con arqueólogos que trabajan en la región patagónica. El resultado es un esquema que abarca los tipos minerales y litológicos nombrados en los trabajos revisados, su denominación actualizada, su clasificación genética, su forma de identificación y su equivalencia con términos usados en trabajos previos.

El análisis de los espacios internodales en escala arqueológica ofrece un marco adecuado para la integración de preguntas generadas desde distintos ámbitos teóricos, con un gran potencial de complementariedad. El objetivo de este trabajo es evaluar, desde una perspectiva biogeográfica, el rol desempeñado por los espacios internodales en la dinámica de interacción social intergrupal en Patagonia septentrional. En primer lugar, presentamos los lineamientos teórico-metodológicos que guían nuestra propuesta, en la cual la biogeografía constituye el marco de referencia para identificar distintos tipos de Ei en la región de estudio. Existe una importante variación geográfica y ecológica en los sectores del paisaje que pueden haber constituido internodos en el pasado, la cual debe ser caracterizada como un primer paso para evaluar su dinámica sociodemográfica. Planteamos que hay dos variables ecológicas claves que establecen la base geográfica de los internodos: a) gradiente de variación en la disponibilidad de recursos; y b) escala espacial de los espacios internodales. En segundo lugar, sobre la base de información en escala etnográfica, describimos en forma muy simple los mecanismos sociales de interacción que regulan el acceso y uso de este tipo de espacios. Con ello, buscamos comenzar a modelar arqueológicamente la dinámica relacionada al uso de los internodos en Patagonia septentrional. En tercer lugar, exploramos el rol de dos líneas de evidencia que informan sobre interacción social y circulación de información/objetos: las representaciones rupestres y la geoquímica de obsidianas. Para finalizar, reflexionamos sobre el alcance de los aportes generados y proponemos líneas futuras de trabajo que permitirán profundizar la comprensión de la dinámica humana de circulación de información/objetos implementada en el noroeste de Patagonia, así como de las redes de interacción que vincularon grupos de cazadores recolectores en distintas escalas espaciales.

ResumenEl diseño del espacio público debería adaptase a las condiciones territoriales y climáticas de las ciudades. El confort térmico se considera así un factor fundamental que influye en el uso del espacio público. Al haberse desarrollado de forma progresiva, los tejidos urbanos tradicionales se adaptan a estas condiciones climáticas del entorno, y la configuración de los espacios públicos situados en ellos tiene estos factores en cuenta.Esta investigación tiene como objetivo confirmar si las condiciones climáticas en el espacio público del barrio de Embajadores permiten alcanzar el confort térmico en el espacio público.La metodología propuesta contrasta el análisis de tres aspectos diferentes (clima, diseño del espacio público y confort térmico) con la opinión de sus usuarios. De esta forma se evalúa la proximidad de las diferentes formas de análisis a las opiniones de las personas y se confirma la posibilidad de alcanzar el confort térmico en el espacio público en el tejido urbano analizado.Palabras clave Confort, microclima urbano, espacio público, percepción, índice de confort.AbstractPublic space design should be adapted to territorial and climatic conditions of each city. Thermal comfort is a very important factor that influences public space use. Traditional urban fabrics are presumed to be adapted to these conditions, having developed in a progressive way. Hence, its public spaces configuration must have taken these factors into account.This research aims to confirm whether climatic conditions in public space in Embajadores neighbourhood allows reaching thermal comfort in public space. A methodology that contrasts three different analysis aspects climate, public space design and thermal comfort) with the opinion of daily users. This way it will be possible to evaluate which of the analysis is closer to the opinions of people and confirm the possibility of reaching thermal comfort in public space in the analyzed urban tissue.KeywordsComfort, urban microclimate, public space, perception, comfort index.

In recent years, the teaching of school geography lived a renewal both in terms of curricular requirements and in the knowledge and practices that go round educational institutions. However, beyond these changes, from academic research in teaching we are obtaining evidence about the difficulties or limits on its scope, regarding the adoption of new disciplinary perspectives, like gendered geography. Analyzing the features of a gender perspective in the teaching of school geography involves considering the fact that Argentina will expand and reformulate the regulatory framework of the educational system and move forward on legislation that relates to children and adolescents who are now considered subjects of law by establishing compulsory secondary level (Law 26.206) and the sanction of the Law of Integral Sexual Education (Law 26.150).

Phylogeographical studies can reveal hidden patterns in the evolutionary history of species. Comparative analyses of closely related species can further help disentangle the relative contributions of processes responsible for such patterns. In this work, the phylogeography of two aristeid species, Aristeus antennatus and Aristaeomorpha foliacea, was compared through multiple genetic markers. These marine shrimp species are of high commercial importance, and are exploited in the Mediterranean Sea (MED) and in Mozambique Channel (MOZ) where they occur in partial sympatry. Aristeus antennatus (N = 50) from Western and Eastern Mediterranean (WM and EM, respectively), Atlantic Ocean (AO) and MOZ, and Aristaeomorpha foliacea (N = 40) from WM, EM, MOZ North-Western Australia (AUS) were analyzed with two nuclear genes (PEPCK and NaK) and one mitochondrial (COI) gene. Within the study area differences were found between the two species in their phylogeographical patterns, suggesting distinct responses to environmental changes. Monophyly of Aristeus antennatus was found across its distributional range. This pattern contrasted by a deep evolutionary split within Aristaeomorpha foliacea where genetic diversity followed geography distinguishing MED-MOZ and AUS. We propose that the AUS lineage of A. foliacea warrants consideration as a distinct species, with consequent implications in systematics and resource management.

En este trabajo se presenta a un adolescente masculino quien, tras un dolor óseo, inició por indicación médica tratamiento con antiinflamatorios no esteroideos. Primeramente le fue indicado ibuprofeno, el cual fue sustituido a las semanas por paracetamol, medicamento que se utiliza para el tratamiento sintomático del dolor y la fiebre. El paciente fue estudiado y no se detectó una enfermedad adictiva estructurada, aunque sí riesgo de desarrollarla. Tampoco se encontró un aparente daño hepático. Recibió tratamiento y la evolución fue favorable.