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A peculiar fungus has recently come to the writer for determination and it was concluded that it belonged to the above named group. So far as known the horse-hair fungus or blight represents the mycelial stage of a Marasmius, based on material collected in Australia and described by Kalchbrenner as Marasmius crinis-equi (Grevillea 8: 153. 1879). Later Berkeley (Jour. Linn. Soc. 18: 383. 1883) changed the spelling of the specific name to "equicrinis." The original spelling, however, should be retained. There are several closely related species belonging to this category. The following description of the typical species is given by T. Petch (Ann. Royal Bot. Gard. Peradeniya 6: 43-44. 1915): "The mycelium of this species is the common horse-hair blight of Ceylon. It consists of a smooth, tough, black cord, from onetenth to one-eighth of a millimetre in diameter, which runs in all directions over bushes and trees, up to a height of 20 feet above the ground, attached to the living stems and leaves at intervals of one to four centimetres, or throwing out long free threads to adjacent branches. Its course is quite a random one. After proceeding along a branch for a short distance, it may leave it anld attach itself to a leaf, and after crossing several leaves may return to its original branch. Or it may travel from a branch to a leaf via the leaf stalk, and may make a complete circuit of one surface of the leaf before proceeding further. In general, the whole of the mycelium is aerial; it is not connected with any mycelium on the ground, and does not ascend the tree from the ground level. It has been observed at the base of Hevea trees, where it grows on the outer dead bark, but this is an exceptional case, and it has not been known to climb up to the leaves from that position. "When the leaves die they adhere to the mycelium until they

In 1928 the Trustees of the British Museum purchased for the Geological Department the skeleton of a large Ichthyosaur then being prepared in the workshop of Dr. B. Hauff in Holzmaden. During its preparation the skeleton was, with the permission of the Department, studied by Professor F. von Huene, of Tübingen, who subsequently published and adequate description and figure of it, and who reached the conclusion that it was probably a new species. Since I consider that the specimen is undoubtedly different from the others so far described as Eurhinosaurus longirostris I propose here to review briefly its main characteristics under a new specific name. As von Huene has done the most important work on the genus it is with great pleasure that I name this new species in his honour.

A perusal of paleobotanical literature soon reveals the fact that although carbonaceous impressions of the strobili of the Paleozoic Lycopodiales are common in the Carboniferous rocks of North America, our knowledge of the anatomy of these organs is based mostly upon European material. Aside from the Lepidostrobvs material in the coal balls of Illinois, which awaits description, there are but three records of petrified material from North America. Of these three, considerable confusion has always existed regarding two of them. The first record in America of petrified Lepidostrobus cones is an account by Coulter and Land (I9II). Ten years later another account appeared describing additional material from the same locality (Coulter and Land, I92I). These specimens, which were secured from Warren County, Iowa, were described but not named. Because of the lack of a convenient means of designation this material has failed to receive the recognition it well deserves, and the fact that the specific name Covtlteri was applied to it by Jongmans (1930) in his " Fossilium Catalogus" does not seem to be generally known. The discovery in these cones of spores of but one size led the investigators to assume that a homosporous form is represented, and if it is correctly interpreted, L. Coulteri is unique in this respect. Jongmans also remarks that this species bears a close resemblance to L. Geiintzii Schimper. Lepidostrobus keutuckiensis, the name applied by Scott to a fragment of a petrified cone from the Waverley Shale of Kentucky, was originally described as L. Fischeri by Scott and Jeffrey (I9I4). The original name was found to be invalid, since Renault had previously applied it to another specimen. The correction of this error (Scott, I9I5) seems to have escaped general notice. Hirmer (I927), in his " Handbuch der Palaobotanik," uses the first name (p. 230), and he also gives the horizon as " Obercarbon " whereas the Waverley Shale belongs to the Mississippian. The same nomenclatorial error was also followed by the present author when discussing this species in connection with L. Bartle-tti from Michigan. An unpetrified but partially preserved lycopod strobilus from Pennsylvania was recently described by the present author and interpreted as possibly sigillarioid (Arnold, I932, I933). The horizon from which this specimen was derived is commonly referred to as the " Pocono " (therefore assumed to be Mississippian), but some recent investigations indicate quite conclusively that the so-called " Pocono " in this part of Pennsylvania belongs to the Upper

THE FIRST EDITION OF HOLBROOK'S NORTH AMERICAN HERPETOLOGY. -When Theodore Gill reported the discovery by Witmer Stone of a fourth volume of the first edition of Holbrook's North American Herpetology in the library of the Academy of Natural Sciences in Philadelphia, the copy in that library was thought to be the only one known (Gill, 1903, Science, 17: 910). Gill, in his memoir on Holbrook in the previous year, had reported the first edition to consist of only three volumes (1902, Nat. Acad. Sci. Biogr. Mem., 4: 56). A second set of the first edition of the North American Herpetology, complete with the fourth volume, was reported by the late Dr. Bohumil Shimek in 1924 (Proc. Acad. Sci. Iowa, 31: 427). Thus there appeared at that time to be only two published records of the supposedly especially rare fourth volume of the first edition. It may be added that the impression that the first edition consists of only three volumes, established by the publisher's prefatory note in the second edition, is perpetuated by the biography of Holbrook in the Dictionary of American Biography. The acquisition of a complete set of the first edition of Holbrook's work by Field Museum thus offers an appropriate occasion for further remarks on this noteworthy item of bibliographic history. Enquiry from my colleagues discloses the existence of a total of nine four-volume sets of the first edition, (Academy of Natural Sciences, Library of Congress (2), Museum of Comparative Zoology, Carnegie Museum, California Academy of Sciences, Charleston Museum, Field Museum, and the private library of Thomas Barbour). The question thus arises as to whether three volume sets of this edition are more numerous than are complete ones. Gill's remarks indicate that such sets are known; but the only three volume sets I discover are one at the University of Michigan, one at the University of Iowa, and one in the library of Charles L. Camp. To judge from the non-appearance of odd volumes or of three-volume sets of the first edition in the catalogues of book dealers, the first edition is rare in all of its volumes. It does not appear that there is any complete set of the first edition in European libraries. The fourth volume of the set here reported was found to agree exactly with the data supplied by Shimek, and on enquiry from the library at the University of Iowa, our set proves in fact to be the one long in his possession. It is gratifying to have it find a permanent place in a library especially rich in the literature of herpetology. The history of the first edition of the work, set forth by Gill on the basis of verbal information, is still far from clear. He states, on the authority of the artist Richard (one of many employed by Holbrook) that "He would become dissatisfied with a work before its completion and would have new plates drawn and published. Then he would offer to substitute the new for the old numbers, and, I was told, might even decline to let an old subscriber have a copy of the new edition unless the old one was returned to be destroyed." Holbrook's work on the two editions of the North American Herpetology was carried on at his home in Charleston, South Carolina, and the work was presumably distributed from his home. In my own recent reference to Holbrook's destruction of his first edition (Schmidt and Davis, Field Book of Snakes: 12) the scene of the burning is placed in his "Philadelphia backyard," by a lapsus calami, arising perhaps from association of ideas with its place of printing, and to a confused recollection of the destruction of the plates of Holbrook's later work on fishes by a disastrous fire in Philadelphia. A copy of volume five of the second edition that accompanies our set of the first edition exhibits numerous differences from another copy in Field Museum's set of the second edition, especially in its plates. The text differs only in that page 11 has been reprinted to add Holbrook's name to Bufo erythronotus and page 97 to add an NB acknowledgment to the artist. There is also an unnumbered page of errata for the first four volumes (which prove to refer to the second edition). Our first copy of volume five has an inserted errata slip for volume five only, and an NB slip noting Holbrook's supposition that dekayi and occipitomaculata are identical. It is evident that the copy of volume five received with the first edition considerably antedates the other. More noteworthy differences consist in the fact that plate 13 is by Queen, plate 16 has the error in the specific name belineata corrected to bilineata, plates 19 and 26 are by Hill, plate 32 lacks any signature, and plate 37 is by Richard. In the later copy of volume five, plates 13, 19 and 26 are by Richard, plate 32 (redrawn) bears the artist's name Phiel (Peele in the text) and plate 37 is by Hopkins. Plates 13, 16, 19 and 26 of the earlier copy are identical with plates in the first edition; plates 32 and 37 are orphans, not represented in the first edition, and replaced by others in the second. Thus

The Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature, Volume 11, Issue 6, pp. 179-180

Confusion has long reigned supreme in the nomenclature of the genus Marsupites . The splendid series of specimens in the collection under my care enables me to attempt the restoration of order with some hope of success. A specimen of Marsupites was well figured in ‘Parkinson9s Organic Remains,’ ii. pl. xiii. f. 24, and adequately described on pp. 225–-229 of that work. Had Parkinson only named his numerous species according to the Linnean method an enormous amount of subsequent confusion, in this and many other cases, would never have occurred. To many of Parkinson9s figures names were given by Von Schlotheim; the one now in question he called Encrinites testudinarius . Every form hitherto discovered in the English Chalk belongs without a doubt to the same species as Parkinson9s specimen. Between absolutely smooth and extremely rugose specimens there are almost as many gradations as there are specimens. It follows therefore that all other names are synonyms of M. testudinarius . This solution of the difficulty is undoubtedly the most satisfactory from a scientific point of view: it is also gratifying to know that the specific name we have to adopt is far more sensible and appropriate than any of its successors, and that, unlike them, it does justice to the enthusiastic observer and delightful describer Parkinson. The synonymy is as follows:— Marsupites, Miller. 1808. Tortoise Encrinite, J. Parkinson, ‘Organic Remains of a former World,’ Lodon, ii. 225. Parkinson, referring to ‘Nr. Lister9s paper on the Radices entrochorum ,’ says:—“ He there gives an engraving

The Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature, Volume 13, Issue 7, pp. 210-212

Since the contributions to the ‘Transactions’ of this Society, by the late Mr. J. W. Salter, in 1852, I do not remember that any Trilobites have been described from the Cape of Good Hope. It is therefore with great pleasure that I lay before this Meeting an entirely new form, which I have referred to the genus Encrinurus , from the Cock9s-comb Mountains at the Cape, collected and forwarded, together with some new and singularly interesting reptilian remains and other fossils, to the British Museum by Dr. W. Guybon Atherstone, F.G.S, of Graham9s Town, Cape of Good Hope. The specimen is preserved in a nodule of about the size of a 7 lb. cannon-ball, and exhibits on one piece the dorsal aspect of the segments of nearly the entire body, save that the head is folded under, on the other a profile of the fossil in intaglio, which gives a most instructive view of the Trilobite, and shows that originally each of the eleven thoracic segments was probably furnished with a median dorsal spine five lines in length, giving to it a crested appearance suggestive of the specific name of crista-galli —a name doubly appropriate, as the specimen was obtained from the Cock9s-comb Mountains. The caudal series, or pygidium, although not furnished like the thoracic series with a row of dorsal spines, is terminated by a caudal spine rather more than an inch in length. These spinesare rendered still more novel from the fact that they are annulated from their bases

Some fossil samarae(text-fligs., 2, 3, 4) belonging to the genus Ailanthus were discovered from the Kunnui Series(Kawabataian; Miocene) of Abura, Prov., Siribesi., This is the first fossil occurrence of the genus in Japan, and palaeophytogeographically very interesting, because The genus does not exist in wild state in the Japanese Islands., Ailanthus now distributes rather widely in Asia and Australia, but its section Euailanthus of the subgen., Ailanthopsis, to which our fossil is belonged, grows only in Chjna., Our fossil may be comparable to the living Ailanthus altissima(MILL., ) SWINGLE(fig., 1) of China and A., Confucii UNGER from the European Tertiary., The writers wish to suggest a new specific name, yezoense, for the present specimens.

If ecological research has any final goal towards which it is reaching, that goal must concern the quality of the natural environment and man’s place in it. More specifically, it embraces man’s problems and difficulties in raising more crops from ecosystems continuously striving to change, and in keeping those crops free from debilitating pest infestations. Such goals are an extension of those reached for in many areas of biological research and which concern the physiological and behavioural functioning of single individuals or defined social groups. To suggest that studies in olfactory biology have progressed to the point where their findings can be applied to the field and can be shown to take us nearer to that goal would not be as true for vertebrate animals as it is for invertebrates. Since about 1964, when insect sex attractant pheromones were first identified and synthesized, olfactory biology has played an escalating role in the formulation of pest control programmes. Sex pheromone traps are now used in control measures against many insect pests worldwide with encouraging results. In the United States alone the cotton bollweevil, Anthonomus grandis, is estimated to depress the value of cotton production by $300 million annually. One-third of all insecticides used in the U.S.A. for agricultural purposes, and costing $70 million annually, is used in the battle against the weevil. The synthetic sex pheromone, called ‘grandlure’ after the specific name of the weevil, is now one of the most promising pheromones being used in the detection, supression and control of any insect species.

Contrary to what is usually believed, the specific name Lacerta galloti must be credited to Oudart (1839) instead of Duméril & Bibron (1839). The two specimens MNHN 2744 and 2744 A, collected in Tenerife by Webb & Berthelot, and figured by Oudart (1839), are the only syntypes of this species. Therefore, the designation by Boulenger (1920) of a third specimen (MNHN 2743) as lectotype of the species is not valid, and the designation by Bischoff (1982) of the specimen MNHN 2744 as lectotype, although posterior to that of Boulenger (1920), is valid., Dubois Alain. Les spécimens-types de Gallotia galloti (Oudart, 1839) (Reptiles, Sauriens). In: Bulletin mensuel de la Société linnéenne de Lyon, 53ᵉ année, n°1, janvier 1984. pp. 27-30.

Parasites usually have several morphologically distinct stages in their life cycles. Some infect different host species at different stages of their development, and many are distinguished partly by the lesions caused in their hosts. Molecular techniques, seeking to clarify host-parasite relationships, often attempt definition o f species or subspecies in terms of enzyme profiles, DNA 'finger-prints', or other subcellulor characteristics. So, under the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, what carries the species name? Which 'specimen' represents the unique name-bearing reference for a specific name? The problem is particularly daunting for parasitologists. In this article, Ray Williams discusses the idea that instead of a single 'type specimen', a suite of specimens - the hapontotype - representing several stages in the life cycle of a species would be a more useful concept.

The commercial tomato belongs to a species most frequently referred to as Lycopersicon esculentum Miller. The correct Latin name for this species has been the subject of much discussion which has not been fully resolved. The alternative names Solanum lycopersicum L., or Lycopersicon lycopersicum (L.) Karsten have appeared in the literature. Lycopersicon esculentum was first proposed for the tomato by Miller in 1768, replacing the earlier Linnean name Solanum lycopersicum. However, Karsten in 1900 suggested that Lycopersicon lycopersicum should be adopted. Under the rules of the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature the original specific name ‘lycopersicum’ should have been retained following the creation of the new genus Lycopersicon. The arguments on either side have been most recently summarized by Broome, Terrell and Reveal (1983). These authors conclude that because of its long and popular usage, the name Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. should be preserved. This is the name which will be used throughout this chapter.

WITH reference to the statement in my “Naturalist in Nicaragua,” p. 196, that the macaw “fears no foe,” &c., the well-known geologist, Prof. Gabb, sends me the following information:—“I willingly comply with your request to repeat the statement about the Kukong pung or macaw hawk of Costa Rica. Not having your book by me now I cannot refer to page nor quote your statement exactly. But as I recall it, you speak of the great red and blue macaw as being so well defended as to need no protective colouring, and that no hawk dares attack it. In this you are mistaken. Not only have I seen on several occasions heaps of the unmistakable feathers of the bird in the woods, left in the manner that all woodsmen recognise as hawk's work, but I have the statements of various Indians, not in collusion, confirming each other, and finally I have had the bird pointed out to me (I am not sure but that it may occur in the collection I sent to the Smithsonian). It is a fair-sized hawk of dark colour. It always attacks its prey on the wing, swooping down and disabling it when least able to use its effective weapon. It is well known to the Indians, and its specific name among them indicates its habits—Kukong (macaw) pung (hawk)—in the same manner as the eagle is called sar pung or monkey hawk.”

Some years ago I published, with the late Professor T. Rupert Jones, F.R.S., a description of two small Limuloids referred to the genus Bellinurus, sent me by ray friend Dr. H. M. Ami (then of the Canadian Geological Survey), who obtained them from the Lower Carboniferous Marine Series on the Intercolonial Railway of Canada, in Colchester County, Nova Scotia (Geol. Mag., 1899,pp. 387–95, PI. XV, Figs. 2 and 3), under the specific name of B. B. grandævus. Fig. 2 was collected from the sixth cutting east of Riversdale Station and Fig. 3 from the third cutting east of Colnary River.

Since the publication by the palæontographical Society of the third part of my monograph of the ‘Eocene Mollusca’, containing descriptions of the several Eocene species of Cypræa then known, I have obtained from the beds in the New Forest, foeming parts of the Bracklesham Bay series, several additional species; and Mr. Wetherell has also been so fortunate as to obtain another remarkably fine species from the cutting lately made near Highgate for the Highgate and Edgeware Railway. I now forward descriptions of these new Cyprœœ for publication in ‘The Geological Magazine;’ and I avail myself of the same opportunity to correct an error committed by me in the same part of my monograph, in referring to Marginella pusilla, a species described by me from High Cliff, a small Marginella from Headon Hill, which I now propose to seperate under the specific name œstuarina.

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Publisher Summary This chapter presents a redescription of Paradilepis logiv aginosus. In P. longivaginosus, there is a double crown of 28 rostellar hooks, the 14 large hooks (0.124–0.131 mm) alternating with 14 small hooks. It appears that this tapeworm without doubt belongs in the genus Paradilepis, based upon the combination of a double crown of hooks, absence of external seminal vesicle, and presence of a highly convoluted vas deferens. Ironically, the specific name may be a misnomer based upon mistaken identity of the long, convoluted vas deferens. A further point relates to the peculiar rugate structure of the vagina that is strikingly similar to that described for P. rugovaginosus Freeman, 1954. Freeman outlined that the latter species could be distinguished from all others in the genus by the rugate vagina, but that premise must now be modified.

In 1846 the late Mr. S. V. Wood described and figured the palate and left ramus of the mandible of a small mammal from the Upper Eocene of Hordwell, under the name of Microchœrus erinaceus , and considered that it was allied to Hyracotherium ; although the specific name appears to indicate that he had a suspicion of other affinities. In 1870 Prof. J. Leidy proposed the generic name of Hyopsodus for a small mammal from the reputed Upper Eocene of Wyoming, the remains of which were figured and described in a later work, and were also regarded as indicating an animal allied to Hyracotherium . A recent comparison of the type specimens of Microchœrus , which are now in the British Museum (No. 25229), with Prof. Leidy9s figures of Hyopsodus has convinced the writer that the two forms are extremely closely related and, in his own opinion, generically identical. The English form, of which the right upper dentition is figured on an enlarged scale in the accompanying woodcut, agrees in size with Hyopsodus vicarius , Cope § and the resemblance is so close that it is difficult to point out even specific differences ; the former shows, indeed, a minute accessory column in the valley external to the true main outer columns in the upper true molars, which is wanting in Prof. Leidy9s figure of H. paulus , but whether present or absent in H. vicarius cannot be determined from Prof. Cope9s figure. In any case the absence or presence of this column would not

A new non-fermenting species of Candida has been isolated from apples. It has apiculate lemon-shaped cells which have the ability to assimilate many of the common sugars, except lactose. It is similar physiologically to C. scottii but it differs morphologically so far as to justify a new specific name, Candida malicola.

This paper records an assemblage of molluscan fossils from the Pepper shale member of the Woodbine formation at a locality known as Haunted Hill, 3.5 miles northwest of Moody, McLennan County, Texas. The assemblage includes the following four species previously described by me from the Woodbine formation: Anomia ponticulanaf, Fulpia pinguis, Cyprimeria patella, and "Corbula," hillensis. One species common to the Lewisville member of the Woodbine, previously described as Eoioffyra sp., is here given the new specific name, Exogyra aquillana. The following six additional new species are described: Breviarca (Sanoarca) spiritalis, Brevlarea (Sanoarca) calciana, Gyclorisma nodana, Sinonia lozoi, Parmicorbula moodiana, and Aiwhura umbrana. One new variety, Turritalla shitleri pepperana, is described. The genus Baculites, not previously recorded from the Woodbine formation, is represented by a fragment of a small smooth unidentified species. The evidence afforded by this assemblage confirms the conclusion that the Pepper shale member is the southward extension of the Woodbine formation, and is probably the extension of the Lewisville member of that formation.

A number of strains of oxidase-positive moraxellas and of neisserias related to Neisseria catarrhalis were characterized with respect to a number of nutritional and physiological properties and could be assigned to several species or species groups on the basis of their phenotypic traits. This grouping was consistent with that established by Bövre on the basis of transformation frequencies for streptomycin resistance. It is proposed to reserve the generic name Moraxella for the oxidase-positive rodshaped organisms, and a redescription of the genus is offered. Following the recent taxonomic proposals of Bövre and Henriksen, the specific name Moraxella osloensis is applied to the nutritionally unexacting strains that accumulate poly-β-hydroxybutyrate as carbon reserve. The nutritionally exacting strains are assigned to three distinct groups which can be regarded as separate species or as varieties of M. lacunata . The epithets applicable to these groups appear to be lacunata, nonliquefaciens , and bovis . The “false neisserias” could be assigned to at least three subgroups, one of which constitutes the clearly defined entity, N. catarrhalis , which could be distinguished from N. caviae and N. ovis .

A FINE example, a male, of the Pacific eider-duck, Somateria v-nigrum, was killed at Scarborough on December 16. This is the first recorded instance of the occurrence of this bird on our shores. Closely resembling the common eider, Somateria molissima, it may yet be readily distinguished therefrom by the bright orange colour of the bill, and the sharply defined, black V-shaped mark on the throat—hence the specific name v-nigrum.

In the collection of the British Museum there is the terminal 13 inches of the rostrum of a large Crocodilian, from the Miocene of Malta, to which Prof. Sir R. Owen has applied the name Melitosaurus champsoides , but of which, so far as I am aware, no description has ever been published. The name is, therefore, really a manuscript one; but since it has been quoted by Mr. J. W. Hulke and the late Prof. Leith-Adams, and the type specimen referred to as affording grounds for specifically distinguishing another specimen, it seems advisable to take (with the proviso noted below) Sir R. Owen9s specific name as dating from the first quotation. The specimen, which is figured on a reduced scale in the accompanying plate (P1. II. figs. l, 2), shows the cranial and mandibular portions of the rostrum. The former has lost all the teeth with the exception of one, but shows eight dental alvcoli on the right side; while the latter shows six teeth in situ in the left ramus the whole of the premaxillae, and the anterior narial aperture, together with the anterior part of the nasals and maxillm, are preserved. It will perhaps suffice to say that the specimen is nearly double the size of an adult skull of the existing TomistomaSddegeli (Strauch), and that it agrees with the latter in every essential respect. Thus the rostrum is extremely long and narrow; the first and fourth mandibular teeth are larger than the others, and arc received into

SUMMARY: An aerobic actinomycete isolated regularly from the human mouth is described. This organism possesses the cultural, morphological and biochemical characters of Orskov's Group 2b, or more specifically, the genus Nocardia. Although the results of cell-wall analyses differ from those obtained in this and previous studies upon other species of Nocardia, we nevertheless feel that provisional classification in the genus Nocardia is valid upon the present evidence. The specific name N. salivae is proposed.

What we did until now is to give a general classification of conditional propositions. We did not classify separative propositions according to whether they are compounded of predicative or mixed, namely predicative and conditional, propositions; or of two or more than two parts. Also, we did not classify connective propositions according to their quality, quantity and modality; or according to whether their antecedents or consequents are one of the eight following things: definite, indefinite, dyadic, triadic, absolute, and specific (munawwaʿa) which is to say that they are either necessary or possible or impossible; or according to any similar considerations. Further we did not construct the one from the other giving every kind a specific name. For all this work is worthy of the person who finds the time to occupy himself with what is not necessary. Working out and enumerating these kinds of propositions is, to the person who has the slightest intelligence and who is ready to do it, one of the easiest and simplest works.

Five years ago the attention of physicians was drawn to a remarkably prevalent malignant tumor of African children. Originally designated simply as a sarcoma of the jaws, it was later defined as a lymphatic tumor that also might arise elsewhere. Still later, observation of its geographic distribution, defined by altitude, rainfall, and temperature zones, prompted the suggestion that it represents the first instance of a malignant tumor induced by a mosquito-borne virus. This discussion critically examines the known circumstances and proposes an alternative evaluation of the disease. It is based on information from the Kenya Cancer Registry and on field and laboratory investigations. Kenya seemed exceptionally suitable for such an inquiry because of its varied climatic conditions and substantial accumulation of information concerning the prevalence of mosquito-borne diseases. For reasons that will become clear later on, we have chosen to refer to the tumor as a lymphoma, or lymphosarcoma, being restrained by our observations from assigning a specific name to it. In East Africa the tumor is frequently called "a Burkitt" in commemoration ofBurkitt's pioneer observation, and Wright has formally urged that this term be adopted [i]. A disadvantage of such eponymy is that a uniqueness is implied that we are not disposed to accept. "Multifocal lymphoma," suggested by Gluckman [2], or "multicentric," used by Trowell [3], would be better, being descriptive of a prominent characteristic. They also have the virtue of not implying too much and yet distinguishing the disease in question.

The Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature, Volume 13, Issue 8, pp. 248-250

The Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature, Volume 13, Issue 5, pp. 142-153

The peculiar facility of the older entomologists, the fathers of the Sciences, for discarding each other's generic and specific names has in this instance, as in many others, given rise to be complicated synonymy, of which I give above that covering this extremely interesting little waterstrider. It is given more in detail in The Entomologist (London Eng.) for June, 1900, on Page 176, in which Kirkaldy elucidates it, relegating Say's specific name to synonymy, as it unfortunatley has been preoccuupied by Eschscholtz, who in 1822 described Hydrometra lineata from Manila, Philippine Islands. In the paper mentioned hereafter, Mr. J.O. Martin discusses the generic synonymy.

The Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature, Volume 13, Issue 4, pp. 132-136

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A herbaceous pepper from Santo Domingo, with large slightly peltate leaves, was called Piper maculosum by LINNAEUS in I753, the year conventionally agreed upon as the starting point in phanerogamic nomenclature. This species was transferred to Peperomia by the elder HOOKER in i825. When Ruiz and PAVON established the genus Peperomia in I794, they included in it three Peruvian species with peltate leaves; one of these they named P. umbilicata and one P. variegata. In i804 VAHL described, as Piper kernandifolium, a fifth species, from the West Indies, with such foliage. DIETRICH recognized this as a Peperomia in I83I. Another South American Peperomia was described in i8I5 by HUMBOLDT, BONPLAND, and KUNTH, who also found in Mexico what they took for the Peperomia umbilicata of Ruiz and PAVON. Following these determinations, most of the Mexican specimens. with centrally peltate foliage have been called P. umbilicata; but MARTENS and GALEOTTI differentiated a close counterpart of P. umbilicata in i843, as well as a diminutive species with barely peltate leaves. On the latter, before the Belgian botanists had secured printing of their account of GALEOTTI'S numerous discoveries in the Mex;can flora, MIQUEL, who was engaged on a monographic study of the Piperaceae, based the name Tildenia mexicana, and transferred it to Peperomia under the same specific name in I843 in his classic monograph of the Piperaceae, where their other peltate species appears as P. monticola, and which also added the BraziJian peltate species P. arifolia now so much cultivated in a silvery-striped variety. A Guatemalan species rather closely comparable in some respects with the original P. umbilicata was named P. claytonioides in I847 by KUNTH, to whom are com

The Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature, Volume 17, Issue 9-11, pp. 351-352

Eudendrium caraiuru sp. n. is described for the southeastern coast of Brazil. The species was reported previously from the area as E. glomeratum, a common species of the Mediterranean Sea. However, morphological, morphometrical and ecological data suggest they are diverging lineages, requiring a new specific name for the Brazilian population.

The acaulescent and succulent species of Dorstenia sect. Kosaria in NE tropical Africa include the well defined D. ellenbeckiana and the two polymorphic taxa, the D. barnimiana complex and the D. foetida complex. The D. barnimiana complex is treated as two species, D. barnimiana Schweinf. and D. tropaeolifolia (Schweinf.) Bureau. One specific name and four varietal names are reduced to synonymy. The D. foetida complex is treated as one species, D. foetida (Forssk.) Schweinf., with two subspecies, ssp. foetida and ssp. lancifolia (Rendle) Friis comb, nov., of which the former is further divided into var. foetida and var. obovata (A. Rich.) Schweinf. & Engl. Three species arc reduced to synonymy of D. foetida. The distribution of all the species is mapped.

Armillaria socialis belongs to subgen. Desarmillaria. Its correct specific name (in comparison with the frequently used name A. tabescens) is discussed, and its detailed macro and microscopic description and distribution in the Czech Republic and Europe are given. It is a thermophilic species occurring in Europe, USA, Japan and China. The northern distributional limit in Europe runs through Central Europe. In the Czech Republic, A. socialis occurs in thermophilic oak stands and also in alluvial forests. It was found on oaks, field maple and ash. A molecular study using sequence data from ribosomal DNA (ITS region) revealed a relatively high intraspecific genetic variation among sequences of A. socialis from various localities of the Czech Republic and France. The results resemble those published earlier from the USA.

As part of his monographic study of the Tertiary Mollusca of the Gisborne district of North Island, New Zealand, Marwick (1931: 58) described a new glycymeridid, which he called Glycymeris reevei, from the Middle Miocene Tutamoe Formation. Unfortunately, the specific name reevei is preoccupied in the Recent Philippine species Glycymeris reevei (Mayer 1868: 23, as Pectunculus), a name in general used among Japanese and Filipino malacologists. We are not aware of any junior synonym of Marwick’s species, and, therefore, we propose to provide the name Glycymeris marwicki for Glycymeris reevei Marwick, non Mayer.