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C. pagurus and H. gammarus are deemed to be declining in abundance in the Berwickshire Marine Reserve from personal communications with local inshore fishers. Fisheries data in the form of catch per unit effort (CPUE) were collected for these two commercially important decapods. Other explanatory variables from fishing activity such as the creel and bait type used, the soak time of the fishing gear, and deployment depth were recorded to provide as much detail as possible to describe the effort applied to catch these decapod species. In this study, CPUE was higher for H. gammarus and C. pagurus outside the Berwickshire Marine Reserve. General additive models (GAMs) were used to describe the effects of the explanatory variables and showed that soak time (days) and depth (m) significantly affected CPUE for C. pagurus, not H. gammarus. Sea temperature (°C) showed a negative correlation with the CPUE of both H. gammarus and C. pagurus; however, a positive correlation was found with the number of C. pagurus caught. The data collected in this study provide a foundation in understanding the current abundance of C. pagurus and H. gammarus in a voluntary marine reserve on the east coast of Scotland, which can be used to inform future changes in fisheries management in Berwickshire. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gary Abel, Emma Bunce, Eoghan Griffin and Adam Rees report from the first new-style discussion meeting of the reorganized MIST community, which took place in London in November. The MIST (magnetosphere, ionosphere and solar–terrestrial physics) community has been reinvigorated with a more formal structure, including a council, and a more thematic approach to the regular community meetings. The MIST group is also becoming more involved with meetings in the wider physics and astronomy community. So far the changes have proved successful. Here we report some of the highlights of the annual November meeting, concentrating on the main three themes: Saturn, mesosphere–thermosphere–ionosphere coupling, and the solar wind. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Annular lichenoid diseases encompass a diverse range of pathologies that present as circular, raised, or flat lesions that may vary in size and number. Examples include annular lichenoid dermatitis of youth, annular lichen planus, erythema dyschromicum perstans, erythema multiforme, fixed drug eruption, lichen sclerosus, neonatal lupus, porokeratosis, subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus, and lichenoid syphilis. Clinical morphology and histopathology can differentiate these entities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Longwave UVA is an independent class I carcinogen. A complete understanding of UVA-induced DNA damage and how this damage is processed in skin cells is therefore of utmost importance. A particular question that has remained contentious is whether UVA induces DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), either directly or through processing of other types of DNA damage, such as recombination repair of replication forks stalled at DNA photoproducts. We therefore studied activation of the recombination repair pathway by solar available doses of UVA and assessed formation of DNA DSBs in primary skin fibroblasts. We found that, unlike ionizing radiation or UVB, UVA does not activate the Fanconi anemia/BRCA DNA damage response pathway or the 'recombinase' RAD51 in primary skin fibroblasts. The fact that this pathway mediates recombination repair of DNA DSBs suggests that DNA DSBs are not formed by UVA. This is further supported by findings that UVA did not induce DNA DSBs, as assayed by neutral single-cell electrophoresis or by formation of γ-H2AX nuclear foci, considered the most sensitive assay for DNA DSBs. The lack of sufficient evidence for formation of DNA DSBs underlines the pivotal role of UVA-induced DNA photoproducts in UVA mutagenesis and carcinogenesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mechanisms of UVA-mutagenesis remain a matter of debate. Earlier described higher rates of mutation formation per pyrimidine dimer with UVA than with UVB and other evidence suggested that a non-pyrimidine dimer-type of DNA damage contributes more to UVA- than to UVB-mutagenesis. However, more recently published data on the spectra of UVA-induced mutations in primary human skin cells and in mice suggest that pyrimidine dimers are the most common type of DNA damage-inducing mutations not only with UVB, but also with UVA. As this rebuts a prominent role of non-dimer type of DNA damage in UVA-mutagenesis, we hypothesized that the higher mutation rate at UVA-induced pyrimidine dimers, as compared to UVB-induced ones, is caused by differences in the way UVA- and UVB-exposed cells process DNA damage. Therefore, we here compared cell cycle regulation, DNA repair, and apoptosis in primary human fibroblasts following UVB- and UVA-irradiation, using the same physiologic and roughly equimutagenic doses (100–300 J m−2 UVB, 100–300 kJ m−2 UVA) we have used previously for mutagenesis experiments with the same type of cells. ELISAs for the detection of pyrimidine dimers confirmed that much fewer dimers were formed with these doses of UVA, as compared to UVB. We found that cell cycle arrests (intra-S, G1/S, G2/M), mediated at least in part by activation of p53 and p95, are much more prominent and long-lasting with UVB than with UVA. In contrast, no prominent differences were found between UVA and UVB for other anti-mutagenic cellular responses (DNA repair, apoptosis). Our data suggest that less effective anti-mutagenic cellular responses, in particular different and shorter-lived cell cycle arrests, render pyrimidine dimers induced by UVA more mutagenic than pyrimidine dimers induced by UVB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Meaningful health reform in the United States must improve the health of the population while lowering costs. in an effort to provide a framework for doing so, the institute of Heaith Care Improvement created the triple aim, which encompasses the goais of (1) improving individual health and experience with the health care system, (2) improving population health, and (3) decreasing the rate of per capita health care costs. Current reform efforts have focused on the development of Patient-Centered Medical Homes (an innovative teathbased model of care that facilitates a partnership between the patients personal physician coordinating care throughout a patient's lifetime to maximize health outcomes), but these relatively narrow efforts are focused on office practice and payment methods and are not generally oriented toward community needs. We sought to apply design research in assessing a community opportunity to apply the triple aim as a strategy to transform health care delivery. Mixed methodology provides greater Insight Into the unexpressed health needs of individuals and into the creation of delivery systems more likely to achieve the triple aim. in a small, midwestern town, a mixed methods approach was used to assess community health needs to facilitate design and Implementation of care delivery systems. The research findings suggest that health system design concepts should focus on the creation of health, not health care; foster simplicity; create nurturing relationships; eliminate user fear; and contain costs. These observations can be helpful to health care professionals who are developing new methods of care delivery and policymakers and payers contemplating new payment systems to achieve the goals of the triple aim. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study is an insight into the spatial use and economic performance of a fishery and linked fisher wellbeing across economic, social and health domains over a 12-year timescale pre- and post-Marine Protected Area (MPA) designation. Since the MPA designation, there has been an increase in vessels using static gear inside and outside the MPA, with a significant positive trend for vessels using static gear inside the MPA. Over time, static gear landings have decreased by 110 kg per vessel per month, although there has been a significant positive trend over time in value (landings of £1,452 per vessel per month), linked to catches of high value species such as lobster, which are associated with the reef ecosystem. Fishing activity providing high volume (weight) and value landings from vessels using mobile demersal gears within the MPA ceased in July 2008. Mobile demersal gear fishing effort has since increased significantly outside the MPA. The value of mobile demersal gear landings in 2017 are comparable to fishing activity prior to the MPA designation, but has not reached the peak landings values of 2008 when the MPA was designated. Fishers predominantly using mobile demersal gear report lower subjective wellbeing and material losses. Static gear fishers report higher levels of subjective wellbeing over time compared to their mobile demersal gear counterparts. Positive subjective wellbeing is pronounced when the fishers are involved with an independent working group. Sustainability across ecological, social and economic systems requires an integrated rather than sequential approach to fisheries management and marine conservation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Acoustic Complexity Index higher in fished area vs protected area. • Acoustic Complexity Index does not correlate with simultaneous biodiversity indices. • Acoustic Complexity Index covaries with mobile assemblage composition. The soundscape of the marine environment is a relatively understudied area of ecology that has the potential to provide large amounts of information on biodiversity, reproductive behaviour, habitat selection, spawning and predator–prey interactions. Biodiversity is often visually assessed and used as a proxy for ecosystem health. Visual assessment using divers or remote video methods can be expensive, and limited to times of good weather and water visibility. Previous studies have concluded that acoustic measures, such as the Acoustic Complexity Index (ACI), correlate with visual biodiversity estimates and offer an alternative to assess ecosystem health. Here, the ACI measured over 5 years in a Marine Protected Area (MPA) in the UK, Lyme Bay, was analysed alongside another monitoring method, Baited Remote Underwater Video Systems (BRUVs). Two treatments were sampled annually in the summer from 2014 until 2018 with sites inside the MPA, as well as Open Control sites outside of the MPA. Year by year correlations, which have been used elsewhere to test ACI, showed significant correlations with Number of Species and ACI. However, the sign of these correlations changed almost yearly, showing that more in-depth analyses are needed. Multivariate analysis of the benthic assemblage composition (from BRUVs) was carried out by Permutational Multivariate Analysis of Variance (PERMANOVA) using Distance Matrices. Although not consistently correlating with univariate measures, the ACI was significantly interacting with the changing benthic assemblage composition, as it changed over time and protection (Inside vs Outside the MPA). ACI showed potential to allude to shifting benthic communities, yet with no consistency when used alongside univariate measures of diversity. Although it is not without its own disadvantages, and thus should be developed further before implementation, the ACI could potentially reflect more complex changes to the benthos than simply the overall diversity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ecosystem effects of all commercial fishing methods need to be fully understood in order to manage our marine environments more effectively. The impacts associated with the most damaging mobile fishing methods are well documented leading to such methods being removed from some partially protected areas. In contrast, the impacts on the ecosystem from static fishing methods, such as pot fishing, are less well understood. Despite commercial pot fishing increasing within the UK, there are very few long term studies (> 1 year) that consider the effects of commercial pot fishing on temperate marine ecosystems. Here we present the results from a controlled field experiment where areas of temperate reef were exposed to a pot fishing density gradient over 4 years within a Marine Protected Area (MPA), simulating scenarios both above and below current levels of pot fishing effort. After 4 years we demonstrate for the first time negative effects associated with high levels of pot fishing effort both on reef building epibiota and commercially targeted species, contrary to existing evidence. Based on this new evidence we quantify a threshold for sustainable pot fishing demonstrating a significant step towards developing well-managed pot fisheries within partially protected temperate MPAs.

Nanocellulose has a variety of advantages, which make the material most suitable for use in biomedical devices such as wound dressings. The material is strong, allows for production of transparent films, provides a moist wound healing environment, and can form elastic gels with bioresponsive characteristics. In this study, we explore the application of nanocellulose as a bioink for modifying film surfaces by a bioprinting process. Two different nanocelluloses were used, prepared with TEMPO mediated oxidation and a combination of carboxymethylation and periodate oxidation. The combination of carboxymethylation and periodate oxidation produced a homogeneous material with short nanofibrils, having widths <20 nm and lengths <200 nm. The small dimensions of the nanofibrils reduced the viscosity of the nanocellulose, thus yielding a material with good rheological properties for use as a bioink. The nanocellulose bioink was thus used for printing 3D porous structures, which is exemplified in this study. We also demonstrated that both nanocelluloses did not support bacterial growth, which is an interesting property of these novel materials.

Chemical burn is a rare complication of topical polyvinylpyrrolidone-iodine (PVP-I), commonly called povidone-iodine (trade name Betadine, Purdue, Stamford, NJ). This adverse reaction occurred on the buttocks of an eight-year-old male after undergoing a laparoscopic appendectomy involving antiseptic skin preparation using a 10% PVP-I solution. This case is consistent with previous reports in which a chemical burn develops when PVP-I does not adequately dry, pools beneath a dependent body part during surgery, or is placed under an occlusive device. Symptoms develop immediately to one day after surgery. The proposed mechanism is irritation from iodine coupled with maceration, pressure and friction. While patients typically heal without significant scarring, the burn subjects the patient to unnecessary pain, prolongs hospitalization and increases the risk for infection. Physicians should be aware of this complication and therefore take preventative measures. These include allowing PVP-I to completely dry, preventing dripping and pooling and avoiding occlusion.

Recombination repair plays an important role in the processing of DNA double-strand breaks (DSB) and DNA cross-links, and has been suggested to be mediated by the activation of the Fanconi anemia (FA)/BRCA pathway. Unlike DNA damage generated by ionizing radiation or DNA cross-linking, UV light-induced DNA damage is not commonly thought to require recombination for processing, as UV light does not directly induce DSBs or DNA cross-links. To elucidate the role of recombination repair in the cellular response to UV, we studied the FA/BRCA pathway in primary skin cells exposed to solar-simulated light. UV-induced monoubiquitination of the FANCD2 protein and formation of FANCD2 nuclear foci confirmed the activation of the pathway by UV light. This was only observed when cells were irradiated during S phase and was not caused by directly UV-induced DSBs. UV-exposed cells did not exhibit FANCD2 nuclear foci once they entered mitosis or when growth-arrested. In addition, UV-induced nuclear foci of the recombination proteins, RAD51 and BRCA1, colocalized with FANCD2 foci. We suggest that in response to UV light, when nucleotide excision repair failed to repair, or when translesional DNA synthesis failed to bypass UV-induced DNA photoproducts, the FA/BRCA pathway mediates the recombination repair of replication forks stalled at DNA photoproducts as a third line of defense.