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The use of GPS technology in monitoring Lidia cattle allows us to have relevant data in real time, providing information about the movement, frequented territory, behaviour patterns, etc. In this paper, 9 animals, from 3 different herds in the province of Salamanca (Spain) were monitored, and its characteristics were: mother (8-15 years) - daughter (2 years) - Independent (4-5 years). We designed a methodology that allowed extracting information from the position data to understanding the behaviour of cattle grazing and studying unknown aspects such as social behaviour. Foraging areas of each animal were calculated with an occupancy average of 92% of the available space. Animals tend to start their daily activities grazing a few hours before dawn, which dims the evening to rest overnight. In the distances between the three pairs of animals (mother-daughter, mother-independent, independent-daughter) no significant differences were found that allow us to confirm the existence of a link "mother-daughter" that would make individuals of the same family remained close. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bovine paratuberculosis (PTB) is a chronic granulomatous enteritis, caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (Map). The progression of PTB from subclinical to the clinical stage of the disease is determined locally at the level of the granuloma, a host defence hallmark against mycobacterial infection. Therefore, in-depth characterization of distinct cell populations controlling granuloma formation is critical to understanding PTB progression. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) has been extensively used to visualize two or more proteins of interest concomitantly within a variety of cellular structures. As such, it is an invaluable tool for the correct identification and characterization of different cell populations. In this study, a novel approach, CLSM of whole-mount small intestinal mucosa samples, is used to characterize three-dimensional (3-D) paratuberculosis granulomas and epithelioid macrophages. Detailed optimized procedures to perform CLSM in whole mount small intestinal mucosa samples and also in formalin fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) intestinal tissue sections of Holstein Friesian cows presenting different types of PTB-associated histological lesions are described. • Novel technique for the analysis of paratuberculosis granulomas in whole mount intestinal mucosa. • Improved visualization of intestinal granuloma by confocal microscopy and 3D reconstructed images. • Immunofluorescence microscopy-based assessment of macrophage phenotypes in paratuberculosis granulomas. • IBA1/Cytokeratin expression patterns distinguish two macrophage populations in paratuberculosis granulomas. • Assessment of epithelioid macrophage populations is key to understanding disease progression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Twenty years ago the British architect and urban designer Gordon Cullen died, without Spanish journals paying any particular attention to his legacy. As 2014 sees Cullen's centenary, this article is intended to be a small homage to his work, and in particular to the genesis of his book Townscape. Thanks to its excellent drawings, this work has over the course of time become a classic in architectural literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present study we investigated the prognostic value of Circulating Tumour Cells (CTC) and their utility for therapy monitoring in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). A total of 43 patients newly diagnosed with NSCLC were prospectively enrolled. Blood samples were obtained before the 1st, 2nd and 5th cycles of chemotherapy and analyzed using CellSearch technology. Both CTC and CTC-related objects (not morphological standard or broken epithelial cells) were counted. At baseline 18 (41.9%) patients were positive for intact CTC count and 10 (23.2%) of them had ⩾5 CTC, while CK positive events were found in 79.1% of patients. The group of patients with CTC ⩾5 at baseline presented worse PFS and OS than those with <5 CTC (p = 0.034 and p = 0.008, respectively). Additionally, high levels of total CK positive events were associated with poor prognosis in the group of patients with <5 CTC. Regarding therapy monitoring, patients presenting increased levels of CTC during the treatment demonstrated lower OS and PFS rates. All these data supported the value of CTC as a prognostic biomarker and as surrogate indicator of chemotherapy effectiveness in advanced NSCLC patients, with the additional value of analyzing other "objects" such as apoptotic CTC or CK fragments to guide the clinical management of these patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Lymph node metastasis is the mayor cause of mortality in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (45%). The genetic changes underlying metastasis are still largely unknown and genetic markers to predict lymph node positivity still need to be found. The aim of this study was to search such markers by using Multiplex Ligation-dependent Probe Amplification (MLPA), a semi-quantitative PCR technique to detect gene copy number alterations. Methods: Thirty-seven genes were analysed by MLPA in 34 larynx and 22 pharynx carcinomas. Results: Losses of CDKN2A (9p21) and MLH1 (3p22) and gains of CCND1, EMS1 (both at 11q13), RECQL4 and PTP4A3 (both at 8q24) were the most frequent aberrations in both larynx and pharynx carcinomas. Amplifications were detected at EMS1, CCND1 and ERBB2 (17q21). A correlation between loss of N33 (8p22) and poor survival was found (p=0.02). Gain of EMS1 had the same relation with survival but not significant (p=0.08). Lymph node positive tumors presented a specific pattern of genetic alterations, with losses of N33, STK11 (19p13) and TP53 (17p13), the latter especially in larynx tumors. Conclusion: We propose that these 3 genes might play a role in the development of metastasis in larynx and pharynx squamous cell carcinomas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Monitoring levels of mineral concentrations in animal tissues is important for assessing the effect of contamination on animal health and safety of animal origin products in human nutrition. This study evaluated the levels of certain trace elements (copper, zinc, iron, and manganese) in cattle from an industrial and mining region in the north of Spain (Asturias). Samples of 312 animals aged 9–12 mo were collected from the whole region and analyzed after acid digestion using atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS). The geometric mean concentrations obtained per wet weight for the liver, kidney, muscle, and blood were 34.3 mg/kg, 4.04 mg/kg, 1.65 mg/kg, and 0.651 mg/L for copper, respectively, and 38.5 mg/kg, 23.0 mg/kg, 47.0 mg/kg, and 2.44 mg/L for zinc, respectively. For iron, blood was not analyzed and results were 96.2 mg/kg, 105 mg/kg, and 56.0 mg/kg for the liver, kidney and muscle, respectively. For manganese, only the liver and kidney were analyzed, and the results were 3.11 mg/kg and 1.19 mg/kg, respectively. There was no evidence of an accumulation of toxic levels of trace metals in Asturian cattle. Females accumulated more iron in the liver (p < 0.001, F1,310 = 18.4) and the kidney (p < 0.001, F1,310 = 13.5) and more manganese in the liver (p < 0.01, F1,310 = 9.55) than males. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Se presenta información sobre la exposición de dibujo arquitectónico experimental "Archigram: Experimental Architecture 1961-1974" llevada a cabo en Marzo de 2010 en Valladolid, España.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the use and effectiveness of non-pharmacological therapies as part of the treatment of COVID-19 and its complications, either combined or not with the usual treatment., Methods: A systematic review was conducted between August and October 2021 using PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL and Web of Science databases. From a total of 204 articles identified, 33 were included in the final sample (15 clinical trials and 18 quasi-experimental studies). The methodological evaluation was carried out using STROBE and CONSORT guidelines., Results: There is a growing literature on the use of CAM for COVID-19. Most studies have shown positive findings, particularly for the use of TCM, other herbal therapies and acupuncture. Nevertheless, most studies were carried out in Asia and relied on quasi-experimental designs. The current evidence is available for physical outcomes (mortality rate, pneumonia resolution and other symptoms, negative PCR test, and hospitalization and ICU admissions) and for mental health outcomes., Conclusion: Despite a positive role of CAM on COVID-19 outcomes, the evidence is still mostly based on quasi-experimental studies. More robust clinical trials are needed in order to generate better evidence in this area., (Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier Inc.)

Background: Weaning from venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) support fails in 30% to 70% of patients., Objective: To explore the utility of echocardiographic parameters in predicting successful disconnection from VA-ECMO., Methods: Patients receiving VA-ECMO in a referral hospital were included. The relationships between echocardiographic parameters during the weaning trial and weaning success (survival > 24 hours after VA-ECMO explant and no death from cardiogenic shock, heart failure, or cardiac arrest during the hospital stay) and survival were evaluated., Results: Of 85 patients included, 61% had successful weaning. Parameters significantly related to weaning success were higher left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF; 40% in patients with weaning success vs 30% in patients with weaning failure, P = .01), left ventricular outflow tract velocity time integral (15 cm vs 11 cm, P = .01), aortic valve opening in every cycle (98% vs 91% of patients, P = .01), and normal qualitative right ventricular function (60% vs 42% of patients, P = .02). The LVEF remained as an independent predictor of weaning success (hazard ratio, 0.938; 95% CI, 0.888-0.991; P = .02). An LVEF >33.4% was the optimal cutoff value to discriminate patients with successful weaning (area under the curve, 0.808; sensitivity, 93%; specificity, 72%) and was related to higher survival at discharge (60% vs 20%, P < .001)., Conclusion: Among weaning trial echocardiographic parameters, LVEF was the only independent predictor of successful VA-ECMO weaning. An LVEF >33.4% was the optimal cutoff value to discriminate patients with successful weaning and was related to final survival., (©2022 American Association of Critical-Care Nurses.)