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Thermochromic perovskite materials exhibit reversible color changes in response to external thermal stimuli. Recently recognized as promising candidates, significant efforts are dedicated to developing these materials with tunable properties, rapid response, and effective light modulation. This review demonstrates recent advances in fabrication methods, mechanism investigation, solar modulation performance, and diverse applications of perovskite thermochromic materials. Thin films and single crystals are addressed separately, with a focus on achieving high‐quality and stable thermochromic perovskite materials across different dimensional architectures. Furthermore, the article outlines current challenges and provides forward‐looking perspectives, aiming to foster future innovative research and widespread application in smart windows, switchable photovoltaic devices, photo/thermal detectors, and anti‐counterfeiting technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antimicrobial therapy remains one of the major global challenges, particularly in the absence of effective treatment strategies for drug‐resistant bacteria. In this study, a comprehensive treatment approach is proposed for drug‐resistant bacterial wound infections based on the development of thermal‐cascade multifunctional therapeutic systems (MTSs), spanning from the design of functional nanoscale materials to macroscopic smart hydrogel. Within the MTSs, functional antibiotic‐loaded hybrid nanoclusters enable targeted therapeutic delivery and synergistic mild hyperthermia‐antibiotic treatment, strongly suppressing drug‐resistant bacteria while demonstrating excellent biocompatibility with normal cells and tissues. Furthermore, near‐infrared irradiation can trigger the photothermal effects of hybrid nanoclusters to induce gelation of thermal‐sensitive hydrogel, forming MTSs to serve as highly adaptable, drug‐enriched protective dressings for infected wounds. Both in vitro and in vivo results substantiate that MTSs enhance the bioavailability of therapeutic agents (including bacterial internalization and tissue penetration), exert synergistic effects to completely eradicate drug‐resistant bacteria, promoted wound healing and revascularization, and demonstrate excellent biocompatibility. This work offers an innovative demonstration to address drug‐resistant bacterial infections through the advancement of sophisticated material systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A transfer zone in rift basins preserves important information on regional tectonic evolution and plays significant roles in hydrocarbon accumulation. Based on the systematic analysis of 3D seismic data and hydrocarbon accumulation conditions, the geometry, kinematics, and reservoir control of a large synthetic overlapping transfer zone in the south of the Wenchang A subsag in the Zhujiang (Pearl) River Mouth basin were investigated. Results indicate that the development and evolution of the transfer zone was controlled by the interaction between pre-existing faults and regional stress transformation. The intense rifting of the main faults of the transfer zone controlled the development of source rocks and fault-controlled slope break paleogeomorphology. The strike-slip overprint since the Oligocene is conducive to the formation of a large-scale fault-anticline trap, and the secondary faults in the transfer zone contribute to the hydrocarbon transportation. The conjugate intersection area of the NE- and NW-trending faults offers more opportunity for hydrocarbon migration and accumulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of a novel technique for removal of migrated esophageal stent (MES) under fluoroscopy. Methods: From January 2009 to April 2023, 793 patients with a dysphagia score of 3–4 underwent esophageal stenting at our center, and 25 patients (mean age: 70.06 years old; male/female: 15/10) underwent stent removal using "loop method" under fluoroscopy. The primary outcomes were technical success and complications. The secondary outcomes were procedure time, radiation exposure, biochemical indicators [white blood cell (WBC), hemoglobin (Hb), platelet (PLT), albumin (ALB), alanine transaminase (ALT), total bilirubin (TB), urea nitrogen (UN) and C-reactive protein] of pre- and post-treatment at 2 weeks. Results: Technical success was 100% without major complications. The mean procedure time was (39.44 ± 9.28) minutes, which showed no statistical significance between benign (n = 5) and malignant (n = 20) group [(42.40 ± 8.85) vs (38.71 ± 9.46) mins, p > 0.05]. The mean radiation exposure was (332.88 ± 261.47) mGy, which showed no statistical significance between benign and malignant group [(360.74 ± 231.43) vs (325.92 ± 273.54) mGy, p > 0.05]. Pre- and post-procedure Hb [(114.46 ± 11.96) vs. (117.57 ± 13.12) g/L] and ALB [(42.26 ± 3.39) vs. (44.12 ± 3.77) g/L] showed significant difference (p < 0.05), while WBC, PLT, CRP, and ALT showed no significance (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Fluoroscopy-guided "Loop method" for MES removal is an effective and safe alternative technique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photocatalytic ethanol conversion into high-valuable chemicals while realizing hydrogen production is attractive and challenging. In this study, flower-like, porous flower-like, and net-like CdS nanostructures were prepared by solvothermal technique and were used to investigate the effect of morphology on ethanol conversion. It was found by characterization that the one-dimensional net-like CdS had the best crystallinity and the largest specific surface area, which provided more active sites and possessed superior ethanol conversion activity. The ethanol conversion was 4.7% in 10 h with a hydrogen production rate of 1.32 mmol g−1 h−1 and an acetaldehyde (AA) production rate of 1.96 mmol g−1 h−1 with a selectivity of 51%. In comparison, 2,3-butanediol(2,3-BDO) was produced at a rate of 0.61 mmol g−1 h−1 with a selectivity of 32%. The pore structure of one-dimensional net-like CdS with predominantly large mesopores showed better selectivity for 2,3-BDO, indicating that the pore size of the catalyst plays an important role in the C–C coupling reaction. Further, the catalysts were modified by depositing Pt nanoparticles on net-like CdS and the photocatalytic ethanol conversion performance was improved by about 3.5 times. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ultralight oxide ceramic nanofiber aerogels are widely used as thermal protection materials due to their excellent structural and functional properties. However, the presence of numerous pore defects in nanofibers can easily lead to brittle fracture or even pulverization of nanofiber aerogels due to stress concentration under external force, and this problem might lead to catastrophic accidents, which is currently a great challenge for oxide ceramic nanofiber aerogels currently. Here, we propose a pore defect regulation strategy, which realizes the effective regulation of microstructure on a ceramic nanofiber by strictly controlling the content of organic components in the ceramic nanofiber precursor, thus avoiding generating numerous pore defects during the ceramization process. The zirconia ceramic nanofiber aerogel prepared as a proof-of-concept exhibits temperature-invariant superelasticity (up to 1300 °C) and fatigue resistance against thousands of compressions, which remains superelastic after 1 week of holding time at 1000 °C, and the thermal conductivity is only 0.026 W m–1 K–1. This research provides insights into developing advanced oxide ceramic materials that can be used for long periods of time in high-temperature environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This review comprehensively explores the integration of photocatalytic (PC) and photoelectrocatalytic (PEC) technologies for hydrogen production via water splitting, in synergy with the efficient conversion of biomass resources. This synergistic strategy significantly boosts hydrogen production rates in both PC and PEC systems and enhances solar energy conversion efficiency. Furthermore, it enables selective conversion of cost‐effective biomass via precise modulation of catalyst structures, paving a novel pathway for green hydrogen generation and synthesis of high‐value chemicals. Specifically, the manuscript highlights recent progress in the oxidation and coupling reactions of biomass derivatives, such as methanol, ethanol, glycerol, and 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural, in PC/PEC systems. It reveals their potential to enhance hydrogen production efficiency and the synthesis of high‐value organic compounds. Future research should focus on employing in‐situ characterization techniques and theoretical simulations to deeply understand reaction mechanisms, thus advancing the field of biomass conversion through photocatalytic/photoelectrocatalytic methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wearable electronics with great breathability enable a comfortable wearing experience and facilitate continuous biosignal monitoring over extended periods1–3. However, current research on permeable electronics is predominantly at the stage of electrode and substrate development, which is far behind practical applications with comprehensive integration with diverse electronic components (for example, circuitry, electronics, encapsulation)4–8. Achieving permeability and multifunctionality in a singular, integrated wearable electronic system remains a formidable challenge. Here we present a general strategy for integrated moisture-permeable wearable electronics based on three-dimensional liquid diode (3D LD) configurations. By constructing spatially heterogeneous wettability, the 3D LD unidirectionally self-pumps the sweat from the skin to the outlet at a maximum flow rate of 11.6 ml cm−2 min−1, 4,000 times greater than the physiological sweat rate during exercise, presenting exceptional skin-friendliness, user comfort and stable signal-reading behaviour even under sweating conditions. A detachable design incorporating a replaceable vapour/sweat-discharging substrate enables the reuse of soft circuitry/electronics, increasing its sustainability and cost-effectiveness. We demonstrated this fundamental technology in both advanced skin-integrated electronics and textile-integrated electronics, highlighting its potential for scalable, user-friendly wearable devices.Incorporation of a ‘liquid diode’ into a wearable electronic platform enhances comfort and stability by shunting away sweat as it accumulates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Considering the positive association between visceral adiposity index (VAI) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), no comprehensive assessment on the summarized and dose–response relationship between VAI and T2DM has yet been reported. Therefore, we performed a meta-analysis, including dose–response analysis, to quantitively elucidate this association. MEDLINE via PubMed and Embase databases were searched for relevant articles up to December 14, 2021. Random-effects generalized least squares regression models were used to assess the quantitative association between VAI and T2DM risk across studies. Restricted cubic splines were used to model the dose–response association. A total of 9 prospective cohort studies and 5 cross sectional studies were included in our review. Based on the meta-analysis, the pooled RR of T2DM was 2.05 (95% CI 1.74–2.41) for the highest versus reference VAI category. We found that the risk of T2DM was increased by 44% (RR, 1.44; 95% CI, 1.23–1.68) with each 1-unit increment of VAI. While, we found no evidence of a nonlinear dose–response association of VAI and T2DM (P non-linearity = 0.428). With the linear cubic spline model, when compared to population with VAI at 0.6, for those with VAI at 2.0, the risk of T2DM was increased by 81% (RR, 1.81; 95% CI 1.55–2.12). Our meta-analysis provides quantitative data suggesting that VAI is associated with an increased risk of T2DM. Public health strategies focusing on weight loss among obesity, especially the people characterized by the thin-on-the-outside--fat-on-the-inside phenotype could possibly reduce a substantial risk of T2DM. PROSPERO CRD42022372666. • The shapes of the associations between VAI and T2DM were identified by almost all available studies. • VAI had a strong positive linear association with T2DM whether analysis of cohort studies or cross-sectional studies. • Management of weight loss among the people characterized by the higher VAI may decrease the risk of T2DM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The composition and geological evolution of pre-Cryogenian material in the Tibetan Plateau and its surrounding areas have played an important role in studying the formation and evolution of early supercontinents on Earth. This paper systematically summarizes the characteristics of pre-Cryogenian sedimentation, paleontology, magmatism, and metamorphism in the Tibetan Plateau and its surrounding areas. Based on existing data, the records of pre-Cryogenian sedimentation and paleontology are mainly concentrated in the Meso–Neoproterozoic, with relatively few records from the Paleoproterozoic or earlier. The oldest geological record is the Hadean detrital zircons in the metamorphosed sedimentary rocks of the Himalaya and Qamdo areas (ca. 4.0 Ga). The Tibetan Plateau and surrounding areas preserve records related to the formation and evolution of the Kenor supercraton, and the Columbia, Rodinia, and Gondwana supercontinents. Pre-Cryogenian basements can be divided into three types: Tarim-, Yangtze-, and Lhasa-type. The Tarim-type basement has a paleogeographic affinity with the northern margins of the Australian and Indian continents and lacks detrital zircon age peaks and magmatic-metamorphic records related to the Rodinia assembly (ca. 1.3–0.9 Ga). The Yangtze-type basement records volcanic activity related to global cooling in the latest pre-Cryogenian period and contains Meso–Neoproterozoic stromatolite and micropaleoflora fossils, as well as magmatic-metamorphic records related to Rodinia assembly (ca. 1.1–1.0 Ga). The Lhasa-type basement is characterized by Neoproterozoic rift-related sediment records (ca. 900 Ma) and high-pressure metamorphic events (ca. 650 Ma), with a prominent peak of detrital zircon ages of ca. 1.2–1.1 Ga. It is likely to have a paleogeographic affinity with the African continent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gout is a self-limiting form of inflammatory arthropathy caused by the formation of urate crystals due to hyperuricemia. The resolution of gout involves the transition of proinflammatory M1-type macrophages to anti-inflammatory M2-type macrophages, as well as neutrophil-mediated extracellular trap (NET) formation. However, the underlying mechanisms of these changes are not clear. Studies have confirmed that high expression of CD39 on macrophages and neutrophils can trigger the polarization of macrophages from a proinflammatory state to an anti-inflammatory state. Recent studies have shown that the pathogenesis of gout involves extracellular ATP (eATP), and the synergistic effect of MSU and extracellular ATP can cause gout. CD39 is a kind of ATP hydrolysis enzyme that can degrade eATP, suggesting that CD39 may inhibit the aggravation of inflammation in gout and participate in the remission mechanism of gout. To confirm this hypothesis, using data mining and flow cytometry, we first found that CD39 expression was significantly upregulated on CD14 + monocytes and neutrophils in gout patients during the acute phase. Inhibition of CD39 by lentivirus or a CD39 inhibitor in acute gout models aggravated gouty arthritis and delayed gout remission. Apyrase, a functional analog of CD39, can significantly reduce the inflammatory response and promote gout remission in acute gout model mice. Our findings confirm that the upregulation of CD39 during gout flare-ups promotes spontaneous remission of acute gouty inflammation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To evaluate the feasibility of percutaneous transluminal ureteral biopsy (PTUB) combined with percutaneous nephroureteral stent placement for ureteral obstruction under fluoroscopy. From September 2011 to July 2021, 37 patients (27 men and 10 women; median age, 65.0 years) who experienced ureteroscopic biopsy failure or refused or were unable to undergo ureteroscopic biopsy underwent PTUB for ureteral obstruction during nephroureteral stent placement under fluoroscopic guidance. Data on technical success, early adverse events, and radiation dose were collected. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and overall accuracy (OA) of PTUB were analyzed. The technical success of PTUB was 89.2%, with a mean irradiation dose of 76.9 mGy·cm2 ± 12.2. A total of 67.6% (25/37) of the cases were correctly diagnosed with malignancy, whereas 8 cases were confirmed to be true negatives. There were 4 false negatives and no false positives. PTUB had a sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, and OA of 86.2% (25/29), 100% (8/8), 100% (25/25), 66.7% (8/12), and 89.2% (33/37), respectively. Eleven patients (29.7%) experienced Grade 1 adverse events (transient aggravated hematuria). PTUB appears to be a safe and effective alternative to ureteroscopic biopsy for ureteral obstruction. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gravity wave parameterizations contribute to uncertainties in middle atmosphere modeling. To investigate the potential for using machine learning to represent atmospheric gravity waves and the impact of implementing such schemes in a general circulation model (GCM), we train a random forest (RF) emulator on outputs from an existing complex parameterization scheme for orographic gravity wave drag (GWD). The performance of the RF emulator is then evaluated with a focus on stratospheric climatology and variability in climate simulations from the middle atmosphere resolving Beijing Climate Center Atmospheric Circulation Model. In offline tests, the predicted orographic GWD by the RF agrees remarkably well with the target GWD throughout the troposphere and the middle atmosphere. The RF emulator can reproduce the observed climatology of zonal‐mean wind and air temperature in the GCM simulation, as well as its target scheme. Compared to the target orographic GWD parameterization scheme, the RF emulator can reproduce the breakdown of the polar vortex in the Southern Hemisphere stratosphere. This study demonstrates the feasibility of using machine learning to emulate parameterized orographic GWD for modeling the stratosphere with a GCM. Plain Language Summary: Machine learning has been utilized to learn atmospheric physical parameterizations such as moist convection, cloud microphysics, radiation, nonorographic gravity waves, etc. However, it remains unknown whether it is feasible to apply machine learning algorithms to parameterize orographic gravity waves and how such schemes perform when interactively coupled in atmospheric general circulation models. Here we employ the widely used random forest algorithm to learn from an existing complex parameterization scheme for orographic gravity wave drag. Then, we implement the random forest scheme in a high‐top atmospheric general circulation model to test its performance. We find that the random forest scheme acts as well as the target parameterization scheme. This study demonstrates the potential of using machine learning to emulate parameterized orographic gravity waves for modeling the middle atmosphere. In future work, it is recommended that machine learning may be used to develop new parameterization schemes directly from observations or high‐resolution model outputs to overcome critical deficiencies in current orographic gravity wave parameterizations, helping to reduce the common biases in simulating the stratosphere with general circulation models. Key Points: Parameterized gravity wave drag from unresolved orography can be emulated with a random forestThe random forest emulator simulates vertical distributions of the zonal wind and air temperature quite well in a general circulation model (GCM)The GCM configured with the random forest scheme reproduces a reasonable breakdown of the austral polar vortex in the stratosphere [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AIM: To observe the effect of icariin-astragaloside IV-puerarin mixture (Yin-Huang-Ge mixture, YHG) on cognitive function and ferroptosis amino acid metabolism pathway in hepcidin (HAMP) knockout APPswe/ PS1dE9 (APP/PS1 HAMP-/-) mice. METHODS: The mice were divided into 7 groups: negative control (C57BL/6 mice) group, APP/PS1 group, APP/PS1 HAMP-/- group, APP/PS1+YHG group, APP/PS1 HAMP-/-+YHG group, APP/PS1+de-ferasirox (DFX) group, and APP/PS1 HAMP-/- +DFX group, with 6 mice in each group. The YHG and DFX were administered intragastrically, while the mice in C57 group, APP/PS1 group and APP/PS1 HAMP-/- group were given intragastric administration of distilled water, once a day for 2 months. The iron content in mouse brain tissues was detected by tissue iron kit. The morphological changes of the mitochondria in hippocampal neurons were observed by transmission electron microscopy. Morris water maze was used to detect the learning and memory ability of the mice. The content of neuronal nuclear antigen (NeuN) in mouse brain tissues was detected by immunofluorescence staining. The expression of glutathione (GSH) in mouse brain tissues was detected by biochemical kit. The expression levels of glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC) and glutamatase 2 (GLS2) in mouse brain tissues were detected by Western blot. RESULTS: Compared with C57BL/6 mice, the brain iron content of APP/PS1 mice was significantly incr eased (P<0. 01), the mitochondria were seriously damaged, the learning and memory ability was significantly decreased (P<0. 05), the brain neurons were seriously damaged (P<0. 01), and the expression levels of GSH, GCLC and GLS2 were significantly decreased (P<0. 01). Compared with APP/PS1 mice, the brain iron content of APP/PS1 HAMP-/- mice was significantly increased (P<0. 01), the mitochondria were seriously damaged, the learning and memory ability was significantly decreased (P<0. 05), the brain neurons were seriously damaged (P<0. 01), and the expression levels of GSH, GCLC and GLS2 were significantly decreased (P<0. 05). After treatment with YHG and DFX, the brain iron content was significantly decreased (P<0. 01), the mitochondrial damage was alleviated, the learning and memory ability was significantly increased (P<0. 05), the brain neuron damage was alleviated (P<0. 01), and the expression levels of GSH, GCLC and GLS2 were significantly increased (P<0. 05). CONCLUSION: The YHG can improve the cognitive function of APP/PS1 HAMP-/- mice, and its mechanism may be related to the regulation of ferroptosis amino acid metabolism and the enhancement of antioxidant capacity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]