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We present the results of molecular line observations performed toward the NGC 2068 and NGC 2071 regions of the Orion B cloud as the TRAO-FUNS project to study the roles of the filamentary structure in the formation of dense cores and stars in the clouds. Gaussian decomposition for the C18O spectra with multiple velocity components and the application of a friends-of-friends algorithm for the decomposed components allowed us to identify a few tens of velocity-coherent filaments. We also identified 48 dense cores from the observations of N2H+ using a core finding tool, FellWalker. We performed a virial analysis for these filaments and dense cores, finding that the filaments with N2H+ dense core are thermally supercritical, and the filaments with a larger ratio between the line mass and the thermal critical line mass tend to have more dense cores. We investigated the contribution of the nonthermal motions in dense cores and filaments, showing the dense cores are mostly in transonic/subsonic motions while their natal filaments are mostly in supersonic motions. This may indicate that gas turbulent motions in the filaments have been dissipated at the core scale to form the dense cores there. The filaments with (dynamically evolved) dense cores in infalling motions or with NH2D bright (or chemically evolved) dense cores are all found to be gravitationally critical. Therefore, the criticality of the filament is thought to provide a key condition for its fragmentation, the formation of dense cores, and their kinematical and chemical evolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and purpose: Elevated plasma concentrations of neural cell adhesion molecule 1 (NCAM1) and p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75) in patients with peripheral neuropathy have been reported. This study aimed to determine the specificity of plasma concentration elevation of either NCAM1 or p75 in a subtype of Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease (CMT) and its correlation with pathologic nerve status and disease severity. Methods: Blood samples were collected from 138 patients with inherited peripheral neuropathy and 51 healthy controls. Disease severity was measured using Charcot–Marie–Tooth Neuropathy Score version 2 (CMTNSv2), and plasma concentrations of NCAM1 and p75 were analyzed by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Eight sural nerves from CMT patients were examined to determine the relation of histopathology and plasma NCAM1 levels. Results: Plasma concentration of NCAM1, but not p75, was specifically increased in demyelinating subtypes of CMT (median = 7100 pg/mL, p < 0.001), including CMT1A, but not in axonal subtype (5964 pg/mL, p > 0.05), compared to the control (3859 pg/mL). CMT1A patients with mild or moderate severity (CMTNSv2 < 20) showed higher levels of plasma NCAM1 than healthy controls. Immunofluorescent NCAM1 staining for the sural nerves of CMT patients showed that NCAM1‐positive onion bulb cells and possible demyelinating Schwann cells might be associated with the specific increase of plasma NCAM1 in demyelinating CMT. Conclusions: The plasma NCAM1 levels in demyelinating CMT might be a surrogate biomarker reflecting pathological Schwann cell status and disease progression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Hyaluronic acid presents a valuable cosmetic ingredient that occurs naturally. Its direct links to skin aging has led to its broad application. The aim of this study was to improve the cosmetic efficacy of high molecular weight hyaluronic acid (HMWHA) without chemical modifications and evaluate such improvements through clinical and in vitro studies. Methods: A novel formulation of HMWHA (SCAI‐HA) was prepared and investigated to comparatively assess 6 clinical and 2 in vitro parameters concerning its dermatological cosmetic efficacy and biological properties. The dermatological and cellular parameters examined in this study include skin hydration, transepidermal water loss (TEWL), skin elasticity, wrinkles, facial sagging, dermal density, cytotoxicity, and collagen synthesis. Results: SCAI‐HA exhibited the ability to improve the tested dermatological parameters (hydration, elasticity, wrinkles, and density) to magnitudes comparable to those of HMWHA. In addition, SCAI‐HA showed notably improved capacities for attenuating facial sagging and TEWL and promoting cellular collagen synthesis in normal human dermal fibroblasts. Conclusion: SCAI‐HA presents a novel conformation of HMWHA with improved cosmetic efficacy in mitigating (i) facial sagging, (ii) TEWL, and promoting, and (iii) collagen synthesis. These findings denote the enhancement of SCAI‐HA as a cosmetic ingredient with potential anti‐aging properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polarized dust emission is a key tracer in the study of interstellar medium and of star formation. The observed polarization, however, is a product of magnetic field structure, dust grain properties, and grain alignment efficiency, as well as their variations in the line of sight, making it difficult to interpret polarization unambiguously. The comparison of polarimetry at multiple wavelengths is a possible way of mitigating this problem. We use data from HAWC+ /SOFIA and from SCUBA-2/POL-2 (from the BISTRO survey) to analyse the NGC 2071 molecular cloud at 154, 214, and 850  |$\mu$| m. The polarization angle changes significantly with wavelength over part of NGC 2071, suggesting a change in magnetic field morphology on the line of sight as each wavelength best traces different dust populations. Other possible explanations are the existence of more than one polarization mechanism in the cloud or scattering from very large grains. The observed change of polarization fraction with wavelength, and the 214-to-154 |$\mu$| m polarization ratio in particular, are difficult to reproduce with current dust models under the assumption of uniform alignment efficiency. We also show that the standard procedure of using monochromatic intensity as a proxy for column density may produce spurious results at HAWC+wavelengths. Using both long-wavelength (POL-2, 850  |$\mu$| m) and short-wavelength (HAWC+, |$\lesssim 200\, \mu$| m) polarimetry is key in obtaining these results. This study clearly shows the importance of multi-wavelength polarimetry at submillimetre bands to understand the dust properties of molecular clouds and the relationship between magnetic field and star formation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, we introduce a proprietary topical formulation of sodium deoxycholate (SCAI-NaDC), developed by SCAI Therapeutics, capable of reducing SMF with minimal side effects. Ex vivo assessment of skin penetration showed that SCAI-NaDC could potentially deliver NaDC to the SMF upon topical treatment. Recent studies, however, present the adverse effects from the injection of DCA-based solutions in the form of marginal/pseudomarginal mandibular nerve injury, bruising, injection site alopecia, localized skin necrosis, and superficial hypoechoic lesions.[[2], [4]] Complications associated with SMF reduction using Kybella stem from painful repeated subcutaneous injections. [Extracted from the article]

We present 850 μm polarimetric observations toward the Serpens Main molecular cloud obtained using the POL-2 polarimeter on the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope as part of the B-fields In STar-forming Region Observations survey. These observations probe the magnetic field morphology of the Serpens Main molecular cloud on about 6000 au scales, which consists of cores and six filaments with different physical properties such as density and star formation activity. Using the histogram of relative orientation (HRO) technique, we find that magnetic fields are parallel to filaments in less-dense filamentary structures where cm−2 (magnetic fields perpendicular to density gradients), while they are perpendicular to filaments (magnetic fields parallel to density gradients) in dense filamentary structures with star formation activity. Moreover, applying the HRO technique to denser core regions, we find that magnetic field orientations change to become perpendicular to density gradients again at cm−2. This can be interpreted as a signature of core formation. At cm−2, magnetic fields change back to being parallel to density gradients once again, which can be understood to be due to magnetic fields being dragged in by infalling material. In addition, we estimate the magnetic field strengths of the filaments (BPOS = 60–300 μG)) using the Davis–Chandrasekhar–Fermi method and discuss whether the filaments are gravitationally unstable based on magnetic field and turbulence energy densities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present the results on the physical properties of filaments and dense cores in IC 5146, as a part of the TRAO FUNS project. We carried out on-the-fly mapping observations using the Taeduk Radio Astronomy Observatory (TRAO) 14 m telescope covering about 1 square degree of the area of IC 5146 using various molecular lines. We identified 14 filaments (24 in total, including sub-filaments) from the C18O (1–0) data cube and 22 dense cores from the N2H+ (1–0) data. We examined the filaments' gravitational criticality, turbulence properties, accretion rate from filaments to dense cores, and relative evolutionary stages of cores. Most filaments in IC 5146 are gravitationally supercritical within the uncertainty, and most dense cores are formed in them. We found that dense cores in the hubs show a systemic velocity shift of ∼0.3 km s−1 between the N2H+ and C18O gas. Besides, these cores are subsonic or transonic, while the surrounding filament gas is transonic or supersonic, indicating that the cores in the hubs are likely formed by the dissipation of turbulence in the colliding turbulent filaments and the merging is still ongoing. We estimated a mass accretion rate of 15–35 M⊙ Myr−1 from the filaments to the dense cores, and the required timescales to collect the current core mass are consistent with the lifetime of the dense cores. The structures of filaments and dense cores in the hub can form from a collision of turbulent converging flows, and mass flow along the filaments to the dense cores may play an important role in forming dense cores. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present ALMA observations of 101 protoplanetary disks within the star-forming region Lynds 1641 in the Orion Molecular Cloud A. Our observations include 1.33 mm continuum emission and spectral windows covering the J = 2–1 transition of 12CO, 13CO, and C18O. We detect 89 protoplanetary disks in the dust continuum at the 4σ level (∼88% detection rate) and 31 in 12CO, 13 in 13CO, and 4 in C18O. Our sample contains 23 transitional disks, 20 of which are detected in the continuum. We target infrared-bright Class II objects, which biases our sample toward massive disks. We determine dust masses or upper limits for all sources in our sample and compare our sample to protostars in this region. We find a decrease in dust mass with evolutionary state. We also compare this sample to other regions surveyed in the (sub)millimeter and find that Lynds 1641 has a relatively massive dust disk population compared to regions of similar and older ages, with a median dust mass of M⊕ and 27% with dust masses equal to or greater than the minimum solar nebula dust mass value of ∼30 M⊕. We analyze the disk mass–accretion rate relationship in this sample and find that the viscous disk lifetimes are similar to the age of the region, though with a large spread. One object, [MGM2012] 512, shows a large-scale (>5000 au) structure in both the dust continuum and the three gas lines. We discuss potential origins for this emission, including an accretion streamer with large dust grains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of a multidomain program in patients with Alzheimer's disease ( AD). Methods A total of 53 patients with probable AD participated in the present study. The participants were classified to a cognitive programming group ( n = 32) and control group ( n = 21). Participants in the cognitive intervention program received multidomain cognitive stimulation including art, music, recollection and horticultural therapy, each period of intervention lasting 1 h. This program was repeated five times per week over a period of 6 months at the Seongdong-gu Center for Dementia. The Mini- Mental State Examination, the Korean version of Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease, Clinical dementia rating scales, and the Korean version of the Quality of Life- Alzheimer's Disease were used to evaluate cognitive ability at baseline and after intervention. After 6 months, cognitive abilities were compared between patients actively participating in cognitive intervention and the pharmacotherapy only group. Results Patients receiving cognitive intervention showed significant cognitive improvement in the word-list recognition and recall test scores versus the control. There was no change in the overall Clinical dementia rating score, but the domain of community affairs showed a significant improvement in the cognitive intervention group. Quality of Life- Alzheimer's Disease of caregivers was slightly improved in the cognitive intervention group after 6 months. Discussion Multidomain cognitive intervention by regional dementia centers has great potential in helping to maintain cognitive function in patients with dementia, increase their social activity and reduce depression, while enhancing the quality of life of caregivers. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2016; 16: 191-199. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine person-centered care, nursing professionalism, the nursing work environment, and empathy capacity among hospice ward nurses and to identify the factors affecting person-centered care., Methods: Data were collected using a self-report questionnaire completed by 120 nurses at 30 inpatient hospice institutions in South Korea from August 24, 2020 to September 8, 2020. The independent t-test, one-way analysis of variance, and Pearson correlation analysis were conducted using SPSS version 26.0., Results: The scores were 3.76±0.45 for person-centered care, 3.58±0.47 for nursing professionalism, 3.24±0.57 for the nursing work environment, and 4.00±0.46 for empathy capacity. There were positive correlations between the variables. Factors that influenced the person-centered care of hospice nurses were being a manager (β=0.20, P=0.002), high nursing professionalism (β=0.20, P=0.012), a better nursing work environment (β=0.15, P=0.033), and high empathy capacity (β=0.51, P<0.001). The explanatory power was 65.3%., Conclusion: To reinforce the person-centered care competency of hospice nurses, it is necessary to improve nursing professionalism, the nursing work environment, and empathy competency. Opportunities for nurses to practice independently must be expanded for nurses to develop nursing professionalism. Sufficient nursing personnel and material resources must be provided to nurses to cultivate a positive work environment. Empathy should be improved by implementing integrated education programs that include nursing practice situations., Competing Interests: CONFLICT OF INTEREST No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported., (Copyright © 2022 by Korean Society for Hospice and Palliative Care.)

Insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) is a signaling adaptor protein that interfaces with many pathways activated in lung cancer. It has been assumed that IRS-1 promotes tumor growth through its ability to activate PI3K signaling downstream of the insulin-like growth factor receptor. Surprisingly, tumors with reduced IRS-1 staining in a human lung adenocarcinoma tissue microarray displayed a significant survival disadvantage, especially within the Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS) mutant subgroup. Accordingly, adenoviral Cre recombinase (AdCre)-treated LSL-Kras/Irs-1(fl/fl) (Kras/Irs-1(-/-)) mice displayed increased tumor burden and mortality compared with controls. Mechanistically, IRS-1 deficiency promotes Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK/STAT) signaling via the IL-22 receptor, resulting in enhanced tumor-promoting inflammation. Treatment of Kras/Irs-1(+/+) and Kras/Irs-1(-/-) mice with JAK inhibitors significantly reduced tumor burden, most notably in the IRS-1-deficient group.

Effects of low-dosage electron beam irradiation on antioxidant activities of Navel oranges during storage at a low temperature of 3°C were studied. Oranges were irradiated at dosages of 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, and 1.0 kGy and changes in antioxidant compounds and antioxidant activities were investigated. No changes in total phenolic contents or flavonoid contents were observed with an increase in radiation dosage. Also, no differences between non-irradiated and irradiated oranges in DPPH radical scavenging and ABTS radical scavenging activities, FRAP values, and reducing powers were observed. Electron beam irradiation at dosages less than 1 kGy does not affect levels of antioxidant compounds and antioxidant activities of Navel oranges.

It has been widely accepted that costal cartilage cells (CCs) have more excellent initial proliferation capacity than articular cartilage cells. Biodegradable synthetic polymer poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) was approved by Food and Drug Administration. Hesperidin has antifungal, antiviral, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticarcinogenic properties. Hesperidin loaded (0, 3, 5, and 10 wt.%) PLGA scaffolds were prepared and in vitro and in vivo properties were characterized. Scaffolds were seeded with CCs isolated from rabbit, which were kept in culture to harvest for histological analysis. Hesperidin/PLGA scaffolds were also implanted in nude mice for 7 and 28 days. Assays of 2-(2-methoxy-4-nitrophenyl)-3-(4-nitrophenyl)-5-(2,4-disulfo-phenyl)-2H-tetrazolium, monosodium salt (WST), and scanning electron microscope were carried out to evaluate attachment and proliferation of CCs in hesperidin/PLGA scaffolds. Glycosaminoglycan assay was performed to confirm the effects of hesperidin on extracellular matrix formation. Reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction was carried out to confirm the expression of the specific genes for CCs. In these results, we demonstrated that cell attachment and proliferation on hesperidin/PLGA scaffolds were more excellent compared with on PLGA scaffold. Specially, 5 wt.% hesperidin/PLGA scaffold represented the best results among other scaffolds. Thus, 5 wt.% hesperidin/PLGA scaffold will be applicable to tissue engineering cartilage.

We analyzed alcoholic extracts of herbs possessing anti-neosporal activity against Neospora (N.) caninum. To identify the chemical components of Sophora (S.) flavescens and Torilis (T.) japonica associated with anti-neosporal activity, specific fractions were isolated by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In vitro activity of the fractions against N. caninum was then assessed. Gas chromatography/ mass spectrometry (GC/MS) was used to identify and quantify specific anti-neosporal molecules in the herbal extracts. Almost all HPLC fractions of S. flavescens and T. japonica had higher levels of anti-neosporal activity compared to the not treated control. Active constituents of the extracts were sophoridane, furosardonin A, and tetraisopropylidene-cyclobutane in S. flavescens; 5,17-β-dihydroxy-de-A-estra-5,7,9,14-tetraene, furanodiene, and 9,12-octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z)-(CAS,1) in T. japonica.