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The use of transverse screws for interlocking intramedullary nails has been proposed as a method to improve torsional control and prevent collapse of segmental defects (1). However, it is often found difficult to locate the pre-drilled holes in the metal nails, and additional surgery is required for removal of screws for dynamization. The use of nonmetallic intramedullary rods has also been proposed, although previous attempts have been unsuccessful due in part to the selection of the polymeric material (2). The use of polymeric rods with interlocking screws affords several distinct advantages. The plastic rods can be drilled in situ at any location, thus avoiding the difficulty of locating pre-holes. Holes could also be drilled for fixation of free fragments. Furthermore, the use of flexible polymeric rods should avoid the problems of stress protection associated with metallic rods, thus obviating the need for screw or device removal. Nonmetallic materials have the additional advantage of being radiolucent, thereby making roentgenographic examination easier.

A technique is described for dynamizing data structures of common types of decomposable searching problems, yielding good worst-case bounds rather than merely good average bounds on all operations to be performed on the resulting structures.

A few years ago J. Bentley initiated a general approach to searching problems and their solution by means of dynamic data structures. As it is often easier to find a static solution first, his goal was to obtain efficient dynamic data structures by applying transformations to static data structures. This approach has become a paradigm (known as "dynamization") in current research in the design of efficient algorithms. We shall outline a number of general techniques that were developed for dynamizing decomposable searching problems and will discuss a recent solution to Bentley's original question to devise a dynamization method for such problems with worst-case optimal insertion and deletion routines.

Cette étude se fixe pour objectif de montrer comment les associations sont mobilisées par les femmes de deux villages de l’est de la Côte d’Ivoire dans la dynamisation des traditionnels rapports homme-femme. Les données de terrain ont été collectées dans ces deux villages à l’aide de guide d’entretien auprès de différents acteurs. Les résultats montrent les impacts positifs de l’adhésion des femmes aux associations sur leur visibilité économique, sociale et culturelle. En clair, les organisations féminines remplissent des fonctions sociales et culturelles dans la réidentification et le repositionnement social et culturel des femmes rurales au sein de leur famille et de leur communauté., This study aims to show how the associations are mobilized by women from two villages in eastern Ivory Coast in the revitalization of traditional gender relations. Field data were collected in these two villages using interview guides near different stakeholders. The results show the positive impacts of women’s membership in associations on their economic, social and cultural visibility. Clearly, women’s organizations play social and cultural roles in the re-identification and social and cultural re-positioning of rural women within their families and communities., Este estudio tiene como objetivo mostrar cómo las asociaciones son movilizadas por mujeres de dos aldeas en el este de Costa de Marfil en la revitalización de las relaciones de género tradicionales. Los datos de campo se recopilaron en estas dos aldeas utilizando guías de entrevistas de diferentes partes interesadas. Los resultados muestran los impactos positivos de la membresía de mujeres en las asociaciones en su visibilidad económica, social y cultural. Claramente, las organizaciones de mujeres desempeñan roles sociales y culturales en la re-identificación y el re-posicionamiento social y cultural de las mujeres rurales dentro de sus familias y comunidades.

Objective To virtually prototype a device for external circular fixation of long bone fractures with controlled dynamization made of two different materials and predict their mechanical behavior by using the finite element analysis (FEA) method. Method A software was used for 3D modeling two metal parts closely attached by a sliding dovetail joint and a high-density silicone damper. Distinctive FEAs were simulated by considering two different materials (stainless steel or titanium), modes (locked or dynamized) and loading conditions (static/point or dynamic/0.5 sec) with uniform 150 kg axial load on top of the device. Results The finite elements (FEs) model presented 81,872 nodes and 45,922 elements. Considering stainless steel, the maximum stress peak (140.98 MPa) was reached with the device locked under static loading, while the greatest displacement (2.415 × 10−3 mm) was observed with the device locked and under dynamic loading. Regarding titanium, the device presented the maximum stress peak (141.45 MPa) under static loading and with the device locked, while the greatest displacement (3.975 × 10−3 mm) was found with the device locked and under dynamic loading. Conclusion The prototyped device played the role of stress support with acceptable deformation in both locked and dynamized modes and may be fabricated with both stainless steel and titanium.

Openness is an expression of an enterprise’s ability to adapt to changing environment conditions and its ability to cooperate with different types of partners. A given company’s openness shows its readiness for the creation of dynamics of many business processes, including the creation of its competitive advantage. Due to the nature of today’s enterprises’ environment, mainly its “high velocity” & “complexity” attributes, openness of companies has to be multifaceted. Organization-customer relationships, called co-creation, are one of such facets. The capacity for effective co-creation gives a company the ability to gain a competitive advantage along with the chance for its permanent dynamization and sustainability. The main purpose of the paper is to present the framework and algorithm of co-creation as a method of reducing the complexity of the environment and dynamizing companies’ competitive advantages. A review of literature in the areas of open organization, open culture, partnership, co-creation, and competitive advantage provides a basis for understanding the process of co-creation. Collected data show that the activity of enterprises in this process is a key factor in the reduction of complexity of a company’s environment and an important stimulator of the dynamization of a company’s competitive advantage. The authors’ own CATI questionnaire survey research conducted in Poland showed the level of preparation Polish SMEs have to co-create.

Aufgrund der rasanten Weiterentwicklungen der 4-D-Trends Digitalisierung, Demokratisierung, Diversity und Dynamisierung in der sogenannten VUCA-Welt verändern sich die Anforderungsprofile und die Rollenbilder des Controllings sowie der Führung unumgänglich. Wie kann dieses veränderte Verständnis der Rollen gestaltet werden und welche Kompetenzen werden durch diese Entwicklungen nötig, sind bereits vorhanden bzw. müssen erst aufgebaut werden? Das 4-D-Modell beschreibt die Zusammenhänge der Veränderung in diesen Dimensionen für die Rollen der Führung und dem Controlling. Besonders die Digitalisierung ist ein wesentlicher Treiber der Veränderung, aber auch die Verhaltensveränderung der Menschen und deren Werte stellen die Führung und das Controlling vor große Aufgaben. Mittels theoretischer Literaturrecherche der Fachliteratur sowie Fachartikeln der jüngsten Vergangenheit und einer qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse von 55 aktuellen Leitenden Controlling-Stellen in Österreich konnte eine Gegenüberstellung von Literatur und aktuell gefordertem Rollenbild erfolgen und die Unterschiede bzw. Übereinstimmungen der Rollen und Kompetenzen erarbeitet werden. Diverse Umsetzungskonzepte und Instrumente helfen, die Rollen und Kompetenzen richtig aufzubauen und einzusetzen. Im aktuellen Rollenbild als Business Partner lassen sich bereits die Entlastungs-, Ergänzungs- und Begrenzungsarbeiten der Controller erkennen sowie die nötige enge Zusammenarbeit mit der Führung. Die Führung sollte ein geeignetes Mittelmaß zwischen tradierten und agilen Methoden des Führungsstiles und der Werteorientierung in der Organisation entwickeln. Die Grundaufgaben des Controllings, der Planung, dem Reporting und der Kennzahlenanalyse, bleiben erhalten, werden jedoch um die Bereiche Berater des Managements, interner und externer Ansprechpartner, Weiterentwicklung der Prozesse und Entwickler der Richtlinien und Standards ausgedehnt. Diese zusätzlichen Aufgaben erweitern die Rolle des Business Partners und werden weiterführend als eigene Rollen von Governance oder Pathfinder bezeichnet. Diese Anforderungen und Kompetenzen konnten auch in den Stellenausschreibungen gefunden werden. Inwieweit diese Rollen eigene Einheiten bilden oder in der Rolle der Controlling-Leitung abgebildet werden hängt stark von der Größe des Unternehmens und der vorhandenen Kompetenzen ab. Schließlich ist das Zusammenspiel von Führung und Controlling wesentlich. Die Art und Weise hängen jedoch von der Ausprägung der gelebten Hierarchien und dem agilen Mindset in der Organisation ab und beeinflussen somit die Rolle des Controllers im Sinne von „Role Taking“ oder „Role Making“., Karin Zink, Masterarbeit Universität Klagenfurt, Universitätslehrgang Controlling und Performance Management 2021

External fixation is considered the treatment of choice for severe open tibial fractures. A prospective study was designed to evaluate the use of the Orthofix Dynamic Axial Fixator (DAF) for the short- and long-term treatment of open tibial fractures. Forty-four patients with 45 open tibial fractures were enrolled in the study, which included a one-year follow-up period. Eighty-nine percent of the fractures were classified as Gustilo and Anderson's Type III. All fractures except one were united in a mean healing time of 22.6 weeks. The dynamization of the Orthofix in nonsegmental fractures occurred at an average of 8.1 weeks. Segmental fractures received a two-stage dynamization. The first stage consisted of removing the supplementary pins, once callus formation was seen at one of the fractures lines, plus the addition of a bone graft. This stage occurred at an average of 8.8 weeks. The second stage consisted of unlocking the telescoping rods and allowing dynamic axial loading of the consolidating graft. This stage occurred at an average of 19.0 weeks. The implementation of this one-plane unilateral frame, which is capable of converting from a rigid to a dynamic fixator, combined with a bone graft in 58% of the patients, contributed to a 98% success rate. Proper timing of dynamization is emphasized to avoid angulation, nonunion, or delayed union.

Interlocking nailing is an alternative method of internal fixation following corrective osteotomies for malunions or after correction of leg length inequality. Of 13 osteotomies (six femoral, seven tibial) for angular or rotational malunion, all healed following dynamic locked nailing. Eleven were considered anatomic and two had mild residual deformity. One-stage femoral lengthening was performed in 17 patients. The preferred operative technique includes a long Z-shaped osteotomy, static interlocking nailing, primary cancellous bone grafts, and one or two supplemental screws at the osteotomy site to prevent shortening following dynamization. Thirteen complications developed following one-stage lengthening of the femur, which included significant loss of length in five patients, femoral nerve palsies in four patients, three deep infections, and one nonunion. Lengthening should not exceed 4.0 cm in the femur. The recommended technique of shortening osteotomy consists of resection of a cylindric segment of bone from the distal diaphyseal metaphyseal area. Shortening should not exceed 4.5 cm in the femur or 3.0 cm in the tibia. In ten patients who were shortened, all healed, but radiologic signs of union appeared very slowly in most cases.