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32 patients with internal fixation of the spine were postoperatively examined by computerized tomography. Details of metallic osteosynthetic material were demonstrated in all our cases. Bony structures were well defined in 27 patients, whereas soft tissue imaging was degraded by scattering artifacts in 14 of 20 examinations. Application of intrathecal contrast medium, however, was helpful for the evaluation of intraspinal soft tissues. Involvement of extraspinal soft tissues could be interpreted on the basis extent of vertebral osseous destruction.

38 children with moderate and severe head injuries had CT follow-ups. On initial scans combined lesions dominated over diffuse (diffuse swelling, subarachnoid haemorrhage) and focal lesions (focal swelling, contusions). Contusion showed up until the 6th day after the accident. Two cases of focal lesions could be demonstrated only after intravenous contrast. Up to 40% of the children developed hypodense extracerebral accumulations. Long-term CT follow-ups showed ventricular (84%) and sulcal enlargement (63%) as well as hypodense parenchymal lesions (50%). Combined and diffuse lesions showed a correlation of initial scans and long-term follow-up which could not be demonstrated in case of focal lesions.

It is reported on four own observations of atypical mycobacteriosis, which had been evident within the clinical examinations of a larger mixed number of patients with internal diseases. In three patients pathogenic significance must be ascribed to the proved atypical mycobacteria. All the three had other basic diseases. Only in one patient it appeared as a purely pulmonary form of manifestation. On the basis of a further observation is shown that a single proof of atypical mycobacteria may be regarded only as accidental findings. The clinical symptomatology of this group of diseases is multiform. The differential-diagnostic considerations are usually determined by the basic disease. As apart from this the proof of atypical mycobacteria is difficult, infections with these microorganisms might at present not infrequently remain infrequently. The observation of a disease by mycobacterium xenopi emphasizes that also in this microorganism good chances of success may be given by medicamentous antituberculotic therapy.

Six zygotically expressed genomic loci of Drosophila melanogaster, N, bib, mam, neu, Dl and E (spl), have previously been found to be involved in the commitment of ectodermal cells as neuroblasts. We have studied phenotypes induced by various mutant alleles at these 6 loci in imaginal epidermal cells, in order to assess possible implications of the genes in functions other than early neurogenesis. When homozygous, any of these mutations except bib affected the development of bristles and compound eye in various ways. These range from cell death to the production of additional bristles and several defects in ommatidial patterning, depending on the allele used. In contrast clones of bib homozygous cells exhibited wild-type phenotypes. The differences found in the expression of the neurogenic genes are discussed with respect to a hypothesis on the genetic control of neurogenesis.

It is reported on eight patients with a primary carcinoma of the prostatic gland who were admitted to the hospital for clinical clarification of conspicuous pulmonary findings. The radiological findings of a general radiograph of the thorax are multiform and for themselves alone they do not permit an etiological coordination. For this reason the demand can be derived in patients of the adequate age group with tumour symptomatology can also be thought of a carcinoma of the prostatic gland and already during the examination in the outpatient department to carry out a palpatory examination and, if possible, to make a general radiograph of spinal column and pelvis, since in these cases the diagnosis can be made already before admission.

The central nervous system (CNS) ofDrosophila develops from precursor cells called neuroblasts. Neuroblasts segregate in early embryogenesis from an apparantly undifferentiated ectoderm and move into the embryo, whereas most of the remaining ectodermal cells continue development as epidermal cell precursors. Segregation of neuroblasts occurs within a region called the neurogenic field. We are interested in understanding how the genome ofDrosophila controls the parcelling of the ectoderm into epidermal and neural territories. We describe here mutations belonging to seven complementation groups which effect an abnormal neurogenesis. The phenotypes produced by these mutations are similar. Essential features of these phenotypes are a conspicuous hypertrophy of the CNS accompanied by epidermal defects; the remaining organs and tissues of the mutants are apparently unaffected. The study of mutant phenotype development strongly suggests this phenotype to be due to misrouting into the neural pathway of development of ectodermal cells which in the wildtype would have given rise to epidermal cells, i.e. to an initial enlargement of the neurogenic region at the expense of the epidermogenic region. These observations indicate that the seven genetic loci revealed by the mutations described in this study contribute to control the neurogenic field. The present results suggest that in wildtype development neurogenic genes are supressed within all derivatives of the mesoderm and endoderm and some derivatives of the ectoderm, and conditionally expressed in the remaining ectoderm. The organisation of the neurogenic field in the wildtype is discussed.

A case of a carotid cavernous sinus fistula following transphenoidal hypophysectomy is reported. A selective occlusion of the fistula with patency of the carotid artery was achieved by means of a detachable balloon catheter.

A child with hydrocephalus and macrocrania was treated by a shunt procedure. After placement of a bilateral ventriculo-atrial shunt subdural hematomas developed on both sides. Burr hole drainage and insertion of a pressure-adjustable valve were used to obliterate the subdural hematomas and to influence the outflow resistance of the shunt.

We have analysed the effect of temperature on both developing and adult eye cell clones homozygous forshi ST139 , a temperature-sensitive mutant ofDrosophila melanogaster. The mutant gene, autonomous in its cellular expression, causes structural modifications of ommatidial cells when adult clones of cells are exposed to the restrictive temperature (29°C) for several days. However, the mutant phenotype reverses to normal within 4 days at the permissive temperature (20°C). The results of pulse, shift-up and shift-down experiments show that the temperaturesensitive period for developing compound eye cells is from the late second instar up to the early pupa. Cytodifferentiation of compound eye cells is blocked by restrictive temperature treatment during this period, whereas cell proliferation does not seem to be directly affected. These results are discussed with regard to the other known aspects of the phenotype observed in mutant individuals.

A case of epidural abscess following sinusitis is presented with rhinorrhoea after irrigation of the abscess cavity postoperatively. Coronal computerized tomography and instillation of contrast medium through the catheter showed communication between epidural space and left frontal sinus.

61 infants and children underwent surgery of acute hygroma, acute subdural hematoma, chronic subdural hygroma, chronic subdural hematoma, and subdural empyema. Long time-follow up including computerized tomography could be performed in 20 of these cases. Only 3 CT-scans had been without pathological finding. The most common finding had been an enlargement of the inner and outer CSF spaces suggesting cerebral atrophy. No correlation had been found to kind of surgical treatment and clinical status.

Embryonic lethal mutations at the Notch locus are known to produce a conspicuous central nervous system hypertrophy accompanied by a hypotrophy of the epidermal sheath. We have studied several zygotic mutants belonging to four different autosomal complementation groups which produce the same phenotype. The embryonic development of the new mutants, as well as that of Notch, consists of an initial enlargement of the neurogenic region at the expenses of epidermal cell precursors. The possibility is discussed that these five loci are involved in the determination of neural and epidermal cell precursors.

The magnetic resonance findings in a 48-year-old woman with a calcified, herniated thoracic intervertebral disk at the T5-T6 level are reported. This patient had an 18 year history of spinal cord symptoms and signs, previously thought to be caused by multiple sclerosis (MS). Magnetic resonance was obtained for further evaluation of MS.