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Banks play a leading role in the development of supply-chain finance in western countries. In contrast, China’s logistics financial service is mainly a kind of value-added lending service out of convenience, and mostly set up on the basis of logistics service. Such type of logistics financial service provided for industrial and commercial enterprises by logistics enterprises in collaboration with financial institutions is an integration of logistics service and financial service. In recent years, more and more Chinese logistics enterprises have engaged in logistics financial service, so logistics financial service has become an emerging business field of China’s logistics industry.

The English version of this article can be found at: http://ssrn.com/abstract=2405242 French Abstract: Aux Etats-Unis, les competitions universitaires, c’est-a-dire les competitions sportives entre des equipes composees uniquement d’etudiants representant leurs universites respectives, constituent une activite commerciale significative. La NCAA (National Collegiate Athletic Association), plus grande organisation sportive universitaire du monde, a mis en place une organisation qui permet de valoriser la valeur economique ainsi creee. English Abstract: In the United States, academic competitions, that is to say sports competitions between teams composed only of students representing their respective universities, is a significant commercial enterprise. The NCAA (National Collegiate Athletic Association), the largest university sports organization in the world, has set up an organization which allowed for the universities to create maximum economic value from their sponsored intercollegiate sports and competitions.

TTK ’nın 3. maddesi, bir ticari işletmeyi ilgilendiren tüm işlem ve f iillerin ticari iş olduğunu belirtmiştir. 3095 sayılı Kanunun m. 2/2 hükmü ile ticari işlerde avans f aiz oranı üzerinden temerrüt f aizi istenebileceği düzenlenmiştir. İş sözleşmeleri, İş Kanununda özel olarak düzenlenmiş ise de kanunda özel hüküm bulunmayan hallerde genel hükümler uygulama alanı bulur. İş Kanununda, iş sözleşmelerinin ticari iş sayılmayacağı yönünde özel bir hüküm yer almamaktadır. Dolayısıyla ticari işletmeyi ilgilendiren iş sözleşmeleri ticari iş sayılmalıdır. Yine işçi-işveren ilişkilerinden doğan borçlar da tacir işveren açısından ticari sayılmalı ve işçi alacaklarına, talep halinde avans f aiz oranı üzerinden temerrüt f aizi uygulanmalıdır. The transactions and the actions that are related with a commercial enterp rise are indicated as commercial business by Turkish Commercial Code art.3. As p er article 2/2 of Interest Law No.3095; the late interest can be charged on the basis of the advance interest rates f or commercial businesses. Even if the labor contracts regulated in Labor Law, f or the cases that there is not a sp ecial clause f or those, then general terms of law shall be app lied. There is not a sp ecial clause in Labor Law stating that the labor contracts cannot be deemed as commercial business. Theref ore labor contracts related with commercial enterp rise must be deemed as commercial business. Having said that, obligations arising f rom the emp loyee-emp loyer aff airs must be deemed as commercial f or emp loyer and if the emp loyee claims, the late interest can be app lied over the advance interest rate.