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Fingerprint reader is an emerging technology, increasing at a tremendous rate due to its function that allows the fast identification and secure verification capabilities. This technology enables to recognize individual users without need of any password and the card swipes and works in a different ways rather than the swipe cards and other identification technologies. By using this technology, we can recognize and authenticate individuals based on the who they are, instead of the what they know, like their password and pins and what they possess, like keys and swipe cards. Fingerprint technology having important role with security application and e-commerce due to their ability of identifying and providing access to user through finger. This technology can be implemented in the various areas like Voters Identification, Passport verification, Population Census, Driver’s license, and Professional ID and there data can be placed on cloud by using Internet of Things (IoT). If cloud-based technology incorporated with fingerprint identification and is properly used, then it has potential to create a highly secured verification environment. In this research, we have done extensive literature survey for future research areas in this field.

Installation of the smoke sensors in the car exhausts of the personal vehicles can be major step in the pollution control system through which the concentration of the smoke can be calculated with the help of a simple circuit comprising of few electronic components like LEDs, buzzers. Various methods came into action to calculate the release of the CO2, SO2 gases with the help of individual sensors. But here, we are using only a single sensor for this, a few electronic components, and GSM module for transmission and IOT. This will keep a regular check of pollution level in individual automobile on a daily basis and set a limit of smoke emission for a particular vehicle and will play a major role in pollution control. The installation of this device will be made compulsory in the near future when the manufacturing of the automobile takes place, thus reducing the risk of pollution. Our system will also increase the use of public vehicles which is again a beneficiary factor for the pollution levels to reduce.

In today’s world, we want plants to grow under healthy conditions with appropriate nutrients, required for their growth. This aim is achievable through smart electronic devices, which provide us very precise and accurate analysis of each and every factor needed for the growth of the plants. The device used in our research is pretty beneficial for plants in various plant’s nurseries where different plants are grown for studying and testing purposes. This system has two microcontroller units in it, wirelessly connected with each other using RF module. Various sensors are used to measure factors related to soil and environment leading to an efficient and precise plant growth study. All the data recorded by the device is stored in a cloud server using local area network (LAN). The analysis will always be available to the user and is easily accessible using IoT.

A lot of algorithms are available to optimize the heating level to maintain room temperature. In this paper a low cost and energy efficient control system is proposed which comprises of three sections- sensor node, heater node and remote control. For testing, 2kw heater is placed in 20*10*10 cubic feet room area and is controlled through remote control based on Zigbee protocol. Remote control is used to set the desired temperature of heating system. The two temperature nodes are placed in appropriate diagonal location in the room and send the value of room temperature to the heater node. Heater node takes the average of the two sensor nodes and provides feedback to heater system. This is an intelligent network in which heater node intelligently maintains the room temperature by generating error signal with set value from remote and received average value from sensor nodes. Then value of K P , K I , K D is calculated by using PID and hybrid Particle Swarm Optimizing (HPSO) algorithm and adjust the voltage levels of heating element. Heater node is capable to communicate with sensor nodes upto 30 meters and with remote control upto 100 meters. It is observed that upto 16.94% energy can be saved by using proposed system.

Arduino is an open-source electronics platform based on easy-to-use hardware and software while LabVIEW is a graphical programming telling how to connect functions and work with a variety of datatypes when constructing applications.This book will help beginners to get started with Arduino-based embedded systems including essential know-how of the programming and interfacing of the devices. Book includes programming and simulation of Arduino-based projects and interfacing with LabVIEW, based on practical case studies. The book comprises of total twenty five chapters with description, working model of LabVIEW and programming with Arduino IDE.

Wireless sensors network (WSN) and internet of robotic things (WSN&IRT) have been emerged as fundamental data-gathering tools for the deployment of an environment monitoring system. The challenging issue in the environment monitoring system is the critical design of system architecture, coverage of monitoring area, energy efficiency of sensors and validity of the data. In this paper, design and implementation of an intelligent and multi-terrain navigational environment monitoring system with WSN&IRT is discussed. It measures and analyze the air quality, whether it is breathable by human or not. The robot measures four chemical and four physical parameters, dust particle size and communicates it to server in real-time with autonomous navigation. Artificial vision system, by using a camera is placed in the robot head for image capturing which is processed at server. The energy efficient reporting mechanism is implemented to prevent the redundant transmission of sensor data and equipped with a docking station to charge it.

The paper presents the control of 1kw heaters in 10*10*10 cubic feet room area through ZigBee remote. ZigBee Remote is capable to set the desired temperature command to the heater node by the user. Heater node is having dimmer, processing unit and ZigBee modem .The four temperature node is placed in appropriate location in the room and capable to communicate the temperature information to the heater node. Heater node sends the optimized room temperature data which is collected from the four sensor nodes, to the remote. Remote contains the optimized room temperature data and having the facility to feed the desired temperature data to heater node. This will be an intelligent network in which heater node intelligently maintains the room temperature as set by the remote, using PID and Particle Swarm Optimizing (PSO) algorithm on collected data and adjust the voltage levels of heating elements. Remote, heater node and sensor node having communication ability with baud rate of 9600. sensor nodes are capable to communicate upto 30 meters and remote and heater node is 100 meters. The proposed heater system is an intelligent, low cost and energy efficient. General Terms Embedded system, Control system, Communication, Optimizing algorithm

ARM processors are receiving more attention as per IoT customized devices are concerned. A novel framework design tool for Linux kernel customization on ARM architecture has been illustrated. The tool is best suit from ARM based platformss like Raspberry pi, Beagle Bone, Intel Edison etc. The proposed techniques uses different tool chains for the kernel customization. The paper represents an integral framework that integrates all the cross compiling tools and simplifies the overall process. The framework has been used for the development of a customized kernel for Raspberry Pi on Ubuntu 14.04 host computer. The custom kernel has been ported in to Raspberry Pi and the performance evaluation has been done. Furthermore, the analysis aims to help users choose and configure their tracers based on their specific requirements to reduce their overhead and get the most of out of them. The testing of customized OS with raspberry Pi device in the field of agriculture. The smart node/mote is designed based on it to deploy in the agriculture field to test its feasibility. The group of nodes data is gathered using ThingSpeak cloud server. The gathered sensory data is analyzed and forecast on farmer’s mobile phone in the form of APP or handheld device for farmer.

High death rates are observed after accidents due to non-wearing helmet of driver with two-wheeler. Many studies on statistics data for various parts of world had been carried out which clearly supports this statement. A new approach to address this issue along with the authentication of ownership of vehicle is proposed, which is designed in such way unless an authorized person with RFID tag wears the helmet the vehicle will not be ignited. The paper focuses on the chip design and implementation of hardware system on FPGA for vehicle. The high speed controller is designed Xilinx 14.2 ISE software with the help of VHDL programming language and synthesized on Virtex-5 FPGA. Modelsim 10.1b is used for the function simulation to test the different test cases. The developed system supports the frequency of 781.250 MHz, which is proposed as optimal solution for the intelligent system.

An unmanned aerial vehicle is an aircraft with its crew removed and replaced by a computer system and radio link. This paper describes the use of a multi-rotor unmanned aerial vehicle which includes a system for real time video transfer, temperature sensing and also a smoke detecting unit. The multi-rotor described in this paper is a quad-rotor, which is capable of flying autonomously and transmitting the collected data in real time along with a video feed. The control of multi-rotor is done using graphic user interface, video is received and recorded on a laptop and the data is displayed over another graphic user interface designed on lab-view software. This multi-rotor with the described set of sensory nodes helped in real time monitoring of environment. The use of these unmanned aerial vehicles can be extended to various other fields such as data collection, object delivery, surveillance, research etc.

The Android-based robot can be used for applications such as spy bots, it can also be used for supplying medicines to the patients. This Android-based robot which is driven by the “to and fro” movement of Android phone can also distribute medicines to the suffering patients. The robot is connected to the Android phone through Bluetooth module. In this research, a wireless robot is designed by using serial communication and Bluetooth process for wireless transmission of data and an Android mobile. A Bluetooth module has been interfaced with CPLD device and connected with Android operating system-based mobile. By using this mobile APP transmission of data to CPLD is done and it will receive data by using Bluetooth module and according to the requirement the robot will work. This application in mobile will transmit ASCII of the characters—“W,” “A,” “S,” and “D” to the robot. The robot will receive these characters using Bluetooth module and it will perform the operations—“Forward,” “Backward,” “Left,” and “Right.”

Today in twenty-first century, we have totally migrated to highly efficient wireless sensor technology as it offers various advantages over the conventional wired technology. An important task of a wireless sensor network is to capture and forward data to the specified destination. This gives rise to a whole new area of research of localization system and technologies. It is highly imperative to out the location from where the data has been collected. Localization is a process of determining the location of sensor nodes with suitable algorithms. Localization of sensor nodes is an intriguing area of research, and many works have been done till date. Today in this fast evolving world, there is a requirement for developing and designing a low-cost and efficient localization technique for WSNs. In this paper, we discuss localization technique based on the RSSI and real-time data acquisition on LabVIEW (i.e., LabVIEW is used as a data logger). Then, received data gets analyzed using LabVIEW.

The various parameters which are used to measure the generators (which are used in substation) are their input power (in KVA-kilo volt amperes), terminal voltage, current, and power factor. Various methods came into existence in order to measure these parameters and some of them are by the use of Heffron–Phillips model, load model, and so on. But here we are using LabVIEW software as DATA LOGGER which will be helpful to monitor these given parameters more effectively and efficiently. Proteus simulation model is also developed to check its accuracy. In order to monitor these parameters, received data will be again transmitted through virtual serial port at 9600 baud rate and it is being received and displayed in the graphical user interface. This system will be easy to use with the help of this software and further studies can also be conducted so as to make it easier to use in the future years.

Exercise is very beneficial to our health but evidence show that intense training and heavy exercises out by fortitude athletes can cause skeletal muscle damage, which is known as muscle fatigue. For athletes, muscle fatigue is perhaps one of the major causes of degradation in their performance. There are various methods to monitor the muscle fatigue, of which surface electromyography is an important one. In this research work, a system is proposed to monitor muscle fatigue continuously and transmit the data wirelessly to a handheld portable device using RF module. A threshold point is set by calculating the average mean and in case of any danger a notification will be given by the device indicating onset of fatigue.

In order to have sustainable development, we should focus more toward the renewable energy resources. A high-relative velocity between wind and train causes more air drag to the moving train. The drag is produced because of the energy delivered by the engine to move forward. This paper is all about the harvesting of energy from the air drag and utilizing it into useful applications. The proposed system is highly efficient with an approximate efficiency of around 72.56 %. In this system, air drag is used to rotate the fans, which are mounted on the roof top of the trains, inclined at an angle of 10o to maximize the harvested energy from the air drag.

Safety is of utmost importance in any nuclear power plant, as even minor accidents may pose huge danger due to radiation leakage. The paper highlights the need of radiation leakage monitoring for nuclear power plant. Whenever radioactive radiations would increase beyond the safety level, alarms would indicate it. Thus, it will help to take safety measures before leading to serious problems. The system comprises of radiation sensor, fire sensors, and temperature sensors to detect any possibility of leakage and fire. XBee is used as communication media for the system. All the information is collected at a control room and analyzed through LabVIEW.

Increasing population is demanding to convey the information in an easy way to access the information in less time. In a large volume of population, it is impossible to provide any kind of information via mouth regularly, so there is a need for some substitute, which would easily convey the message to the crowd without any regular human/PC interference. The paper focuses on the design, and hardware implementation of LED matrix-based display system, which is developed to display information regularly or the message in scrolling form. The system takes input directly from the keyboard and the typed message is displayed. The intelligence and control are done using ATMEGA 16 microcontroller to display the message. The same is targeted with the help of SPATAN 6 FPGA and comparative results are estimated with frequency and timing.

The increase in number of deaths after accident with two-wheeler is due to the negligence towards wearing helmet. So it is required to develop a system to limit this negligence at the manufacturer end. The concept is to develop a RFID and FSR based system, which doesn’t allow the rider to start two-wheeler unless he wears helmet. The ignition of the vehicle is controller through the cumulative decision from RFID reader placed on vehicle and FSR located in the helmet. The whole system is analysed with LabVIEW and real prototype is developed to prove the concept. The analysis is done for FSR sensors and RFID reader to encode the system with required values.

To improve the production of agricultural, monitoring of the different parameters in the field has been proven to be the powerful tool. With the advent of technology crop monitoring may be achieved at very precise level; however Wireless Sensor Area Network result in low power and low cost deployments and Cloud based field monitoring is becoming a dominant option. So a method has been developed for agricultural systems that act as phonological indicators of various seasonal developments in the field and number of climate effect upon the regional growth over the crop for a broad region using (IoT) Internet of Things. The developed platform has been evaluated for various field parameters, creating a WSAN with a base station to record various parameters and finally uploaded this parameter to the Internet server. The performance result of the developed system has shown the feasibility and confirms its future aspects in broad sense.

Monitoring of remote areas needs a lot of man power, in this contrast an important additional layer to perimeter protection for home land security application is Seismic footstep detection based systems. This paper mainly concerns with the detection of any human intrusion by the detection of the footsteps from a person from few tens of meters away using an underground seismic sensor, Geophone and placing the intrusion data over the cloud by using IOT. Presence of footstep is indicated by the impulses in the geophone signal. Kurtosis, a statistical measure is used to identify the impulses, can apply for a short duration of time for which a footstep exists. Present method is less complex and computationally efficient, all the input data stored in memory, which are read through microcontroller through ADC and stored in memory is subjected to kurtosis using microcontroller. Many such nodes are connected in a topology to build a Sensor Network. Indication of the intrusion will occur when microcontroller of sensor node calculates higher kurtosis value and will send this value to control room and data is uploaded to cloud at the same time.

There are numbers of disadvantage in the current existing systems for water quality monitoring which are generally limited to only a few varieties of parameter provide when there and need to be sending through manual operation. This type of security systems required a device which could send alert signal to the sub – stations and is very time consuming process. The quick warning or alert is not possible in the current existing system because they need some manual operation to be performed which could send the data and this cause a huge casualty because sometimes if the area is not in taken care of then it may cause huge causality to human as well as marine habitats. For such condi-tions a system required which automatically reads the sensor values (parameters) compares them with the threshold of fresh air and water parameters and if this level is above the threshold then automatically send alert with the pin point location to the sub – stations.

In the construction and coal mine industry various accident statistics indicates the fatalitiesand serious injuries due to the hazardous con-fined areas. The most cases occurs due to the lack of the oxygen, poisonous gasesand temperature extremes shown in the review of inter-national safety regulation review which has the major contribution to make these area hazardous. In order to reduce these health and safety hazards the works proposed is based on the wireless sensor area network technology to monitor various parameters which may lead to haz-ardous condition so that the early warning of hazards can give and casualties which occurs unknown parameters may reduce. The developed model having the database design with management to monitoring system with the help of desktop application. The hazardous indication warning is transmitted to base station by different wireless node and received at base station.

Objectives: This paper provides solution for home automation, in terms of an energy efficient system. The objective is to design a device in the form of an intelligent remote control, to control the ambient condition of a house. Methods: An intelligent RF based remote control is developed which is capable of controlling in two modes- autonomous and semiautonomous. The dimming levels of appliances are tuned with optimized PID controller. A real hardware prototype is developed to control two parameters- light intensity and humidity level of the room. The tuning parameters of PID controller are calculated with the help of overall transfer function of the system, which includes the feedback signal from sensor, objective function of optimization algorithm and transfer function of the appliance (which is used to control the ambient conditions of room). Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm is used to optimize the tuning parameters for PID and results shows more energy efficiency with proposed system, when compared to conventional systems. Findings: The experimental results show prominent saving of energy by using proposed PSO-PID algorithm for designed system. It is calculated as 37.49% for light intensity control system and for humidity control saving comes out 36.9%. Novelty of the proposed system is new approach in terms of intelligent hybrid remote control

For monitoring and controlling unwanted events like intrusion of burglars/thieves at home/locality/city, the security systems are much required. In this paper, an efficient and low-cost wireless security system is proposed with ZigBee and GSM modems. In the proposed system, city is divided into sections and sections into colonies/sectors. The section security system comprises multiple cluster nodes with one cluster head. Cluster nodes and cluster head are linked via ZigBee network. The cluster heads of all sections communicate with central control room (main server) of the city via GSM in order to make its coverage area large. The network optimization for efficient routing of the cluster node and cluster head is done using PSO algorithm. Cluster node is an embedded device connected with ZigBee modem and switches in each room as per user’s requirement. If there is an intrusion at home, in any locality of the city, the resident is to press the switch. This information is communicated by cluster node through ZigBee network to the corresponding cluster head which in turn communicates to the central control room (main server) via GSM network. Cluster head is equipped with audio alarm system like a hooter and this system is activated as soon as the switch in the cluster node is pressed. The identity of cluster node is conveyed to the cluster head via communication network. For future enhancement, the system in the cluster node may be fitted with other sensors like temperature, smoke, fire, etc., for detection of various hazardous conditions.

During recent years there is a strong trend towards radio frequency (RF) remote controls as it is delivering even more comfort to the users and increased usability with high robustness of the RF links. Lower power consumption with new features and security make RF remote control systems more competitive with widely used IR remote control systems. In this paper we propose, a RF module based real time system, which is an integrated system designed to control the dimming or speed of the appliances. Zigbee module is used as RF module to establish wireless link between Remote and appliance section having 9600kbs baud rate and range of 100m. Dimming control circuits is part of appliances section which is used to control the appliances corresponding to signals generated by the remote section. This system provides energy efficient solution for household uses. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/telkomnika.v13i2.7046