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Objective: To describe demographic, clinical and physiological characteristics, treatment between first-episode major depressive disorder (MDD), and relapse MDD, and to explore characteristics of relapse MDD. Methods: Totally 858 patients who met the diagnostic criteria for depression of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5),, were included by using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI), Clinician-Rated Dimensions of Psychosis Symptom Severity, and Hamilton Depression Scale etc. Among them, 529 (58. 6%), were first-episode depression and 329 (36. 0%), were relapsed. The differences of demographic characteristics, clinical and physiological characteristics, treatment were compared by χ2 test and Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test. Multivariate logistic regression was used to explore the characteristics of MDD recurrence. Results: Compared to first-episode MDD, relapse MDD had more comorbidity (OR=2. 11, 95% Cl: 1. 00-4. 44),, more days out of role (OR=1. 26, 95% CI: 1. 01-1. 56), more history of using psychiatric drug more than one month (OR=1. 41, 95% Cl: 1. 02-1. 97), and electroconvulsive therapy (OR=3. 23, 95% Cl: 1. 42-7. 36),, and higher waist-hip ratio (OR=33. 88, 95% Cl: 2. 88-399. 32), . Conclusion: Relapse MDD has positive association with comorbidity of mental disorders, out of role, and higher waist-hip ratio. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To compare clinical characteristics, treatment patterns and physiological indicators in bipolar disorder (BD) patients with different age of onset. Methods: Totally 380 patients with DSM-5 BD were selected in this study. Psychiatrists diagnosed the patients using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview. The clinical information questionnaire and the Global Assessment of Functioning scale were utilized to collected clinical characteristics, treatment status, and physiological indicators. The onset age of BD was divided into 21 and 35 years as cut-off points. Multivariate logistic regression and linear regression were used to analyze related factors. Results: Among the 380 patients with BD, 199 cases were early-onset group (52.4%), 121 cases were middle-onset group (31.8%), and 60 cases were late-onset group (15.8%). There were 26.6% of patients in the early-onset group initially diagnosed as depression, 23.1% in the middle-onset group, and 11.7% in the late-onset group. Multivariate analysis revealed that compared to the early-onset group of BD, the middle-onset (OR = 2. 22) and late-onset (OR =4.99) groups had more risk to experience depressive episodes, and the late-onset group (OR = 6. 74) had 6. 74 times of risk to suffer from bipolar II disorder. Additionally, patients in the middle-onset (β = -1.52) and late-onset (β= -4.29) groups had shorter durations of delayed treatment, and those in the middle-onset (β = -1.62) and late-onset (β = -3.14) groups had fewer hospitalizations. Uric acid levels were lower in both the middle-onset (β = -28. 39) and late-onset (β =-31.47) groups, and total cholesterol level was lower in the middle-onset group (β = -0. 23). Conclusion: Patients with BD in different age of onset show significant differences in clinical characteristics, treatment conditions and physiological indicators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To compare demographic characteristics, clinical characteristics, therapeutic characteristics and physiological indicators of patients with bipolar I disorder and bipolar II disorder. Methods: A total of 381 patients with bipolar disorder(BD) diagnosed by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 5th Edition (DSM-5) were selected, including 302 patients with BD-I (79.27%), 74 patients with BD-II (19.42%) and 5 patients with other specific and related disorders (1.31%). Demographic and clinical characteristics were collected with self-designed clinical information questionnaire. Multivariate logistic regression and multivariate linear regression analysis were used for analysis. Results: Compared with patients with BD-II, patients with BD-I had more risk to have psychotic features (OR = 5. 75, 95% CI: 2. 82-11. 76), longer disease duration, and more repeated transcranial magnetic therapy (OR = 3. 09, 95% CI: 1. 02-9.35), higher uric acid, total cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein. BD-I in Han nationality was more common (OR = 11. 50, 95% CI: 1. 76-75.30), and had lower education level (OR = 10. 22, 95% CI: 1. 1689.77), and less family history of psychosis (OR = 2. 34, 95% CI: 1. 01 5. 42). Conclusion: There are significant differences between BD-I and BD-II in demographic and clinical characteristics, treatment status, and physiological indicators, which could provide clues for exploring the pathogenesis of bipolar disorder. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To describe and analyze suicide risk of patients with schizophrenia, major depressive disorder, and bipolar disorder. Methods: A total of 2 016 patients with schizophrenia, 903 patients with major depressive disorder, and 381 patients with bipolar disorder from inpatients, clinics, or communities who met the diagnostic criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition were recruited. All patients were interviewed by psychiatrists using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview to diagnose mental disorders and assess suicide risk, as well as Clinical-Rated Dimensions of Psychosis Symptom Severity (CRDPSS) to assess symptoms. Differences and risk factors of suicide risk among three types of mental disorders were explored using multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results: In the past one month, 37 patients with schizophrenia (1. 8%）, 516 patients with major depressive disorder (57. 1 %）, and 102 patients with bipolar disorder (26. 8%）had suicide risk. Compared with patients with schizophrenia, suicide risk in patients with major depressive disorder (OR=36. 50) and bipolar disorder (OR=20. 10) increased. Female (OR=1. 87）, smoking (OR=1. 76）, family history of suicide (OR=5. 09）, higher score of CRDPSS hallucination (OR=1. 80）, and higher score of CRDPSS depression (OR=1. 54) were risk factors of suicide risk of patients. Conclusions: Suicide risk of patients with major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder is higher than that of patients with schizophrenia. In clinical practice, it is important to regularly assess suicide risk of patients. Patients who experience symptoms of hallucination and depression should be paid more attention to. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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To investigate the effects of Zuojin Pingmu combined with Jianpi Huatan therapy on muscle function, kidney damage and serum gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and norepinephrine (NE) in children with tourette syndrome (TS). 83 children with TS who were admitted to our hospital from February 2017 to February 2019 were selected, and they were divided into control group (n=41) and study group (n=42) according to random number table method. The control group was treated with haloperidol. The study group was treated with Zuojin Pingmu combined with Jianpi Huatan therapy on the basis of the control group. Clinical efficacy, muscle function, kidney damage and serum levels of GABA and NE were were compared between the two groups. Adverse reactions during treatment were recorded between the two groups. The clinical efficacy of the study group was 90.48% at 3 months after treatment, which was higher than that of the control group 73.17% (P<0.05). 3 months after treatment, the Yale Comprehensive Tourette Severity Scale (YGTSS) scores of two groups decreased, and that of the study group was lower than that of the control group (P<0.05). 3 months after treatment, the levels of serum urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (Scr) of two groups decreased, but those of the study group were higher than those of the control group (P<0.05). The levels of serum GABA and NE of the two groups increased at 3 months after treatment, and those of the study group were higher than those of the control group (P<0.05). The incidence of adverse reactions in the study group and the control group were 16.67% (7/42) and 24.39% (10/41), respectively, there was no significant difference （P>0.05）. Zuojin Pingmu combined with Jianpi Huatan therapy can effectively improve the muscle function and levels of serum GABA, NE in children with TS, at the same time it can reduce kidney damage, drug safety is better, clinical application value is higher [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Lumbar mild degenerative scoliosis with stenosis is a common disease; however, there is still controversy regarding to the surgical fixation range. OBJECTIVE: To comparatively analyze the imaging and clinical effects of full curve fusion and limited fusion in patients with lumbar spinal stenosis accompanied by degenerative scoliosis. METHODS: The historical cohort study consisted of 94 patients. Inclusion criteria were: degenerative scoliosis with Cobb’s angle over 10 degrees and not above 30 degrees. The main symptoms included low back pain, weakness of lower limbs or claudication. According to the length of fixed segments, they were divided into two groups: full curve fusion group(46 cases) and limited fusion group(48 cases). All patients signed the informed consent. This study was approved by the Hospital Ethics Committee. Visual Analog Score of pain, Oswestry Disability Index, Roland Morris Scores and Japanese Orthopaedic Association Scores were assessed. Patient data including age, operation time, blood loss, length of instrumented segments, and Cobb angle were also analyzed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) The full curve fusion group had 1 more vertebra instrumented than the limited fusion group(P < 0.01). Although the operation time and bleeding volume of the full curve fusion group were greater than those of the limited fusion group, there was no significant difference(P > 0.05).(2) There was no significant difference in Cobb angle in the limited fusion group before and after operation(t=0.885, P=0.388). Cobb angle in the full curve fusion group was corrected from preoperatively(16.5±4.7) degrees to the final follow-up(9.2±6.2) degrees(t=7.095, P < 0.001).(3) Visual Analog Score of pain, Oswestry Disability Index, Roland Morris Scores and Japanese Orthopaedic Association Scores were significantly improved postoperatively compared with those preoperatively in both full curve fusion and limited fusion groups(all P ≤ 0.005). These indicated that the quality of life of patients after operation was significantly improved regardless of the type of surgery. There was no significant difference between the two groups(P > 0.05). In addition, the analysis of items of Oswestry Disability Index and Japanese Orthopaedic Association Scores found that compared with the limited fusion group, the walking ability was improved in the limited fusion group(P < 0.05).(4) Overall, the patients in the full curve fusion group had higher satisfaction at the final follow-up, but there was no significant difference in the problems between the two groups(P > 0.05).(5) It is suggested that there is no significant difference in the function and satisfaction of patients with lumbar spinal stenosis with mild degenerative scoliosis after full curve fusion and limited fusion, and the efficacy was comparable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An aerostatic bearing with multi-hole integrated restrictor is designed to reveal the changing law of load-bearing performance of aerostatic bearing with concentrated throttle orifices, and the loadbearing capacity and stiffness of the bearing are studied. The governing equations in polar coordinates are established based on the physical model of aerostatic bearing with multi-hole integrated restrictor. The governing equations were deduced by discrete difference method and solved numerically by finite difference method and flow balance principle, and the pressure distribution of the gas film flow field was obtained. The bearing capacity, stiffness and other performance parameters of aerostatic bearing were analyzed and verified by experiments. The results show that the film pressure of aerostatic bearing increases gradually with the decrease in air clearance. In the case of the same air clearance, the bearing capacity of bearings increases gradually as the number of throttle orifices increases and the orifice diameter increases. In the case of a certain air clearance, the bearing has the optimum stiffness. The bearing stiffness increases first and then decreases gradually with the increase in the number of throttle orifices. As the bearing supply pressure increases, the bearing capacity and optimum stiffness of aerostatic bearing increase significantly. The experimental results are in good agreement with the numerical results, which has verified the feasibility and correctness of numerical calculation and numerical method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the non-suicidal self-injury behavior (NSSI) and its related factors among adolescent students in Jingzhou City during 2021. Methods: A total of 7 624 adolescent students (2 839 in junior high school, 2 421 in senior high school and 2 364 in university) in Jingzhou City were investigated with the self-made General Situation Questionnaire and Adolescent Self-Injury Behavior Questionnaire (the number of self- injury 1 indicated the existence of NSSI). Results: The detection rates of NSSI in junior high school students, senior high school students and college students were 22.4%, 26.4% and 14.0%, respectively. Binary logistic regression analysis showed that the common risk factors for NSSI in middle school students, high school students and college students included self-academic dissatisfaction (OR = 2.54, 2.21, 1.8), family relationship deterioration before and after the epidemic (OR = 2.44, 1.5, 1.51), and friend relationship deterioration before and after the epidemic (OR = 2.83, 1.69, 1.54) . The common risk factors for NSSI in primary and high school students included non-core families, main families (OR = 1.72, 1.93), isolation (OR = 1.78, 1.5), and no resumption of learning after the epidemic (OR = 1.65, 1.67) . Risk factors for NSSI in junior high school students also included being female (OR = 1.62), oneself or family members with the following conditions (infection, suspected infection, close contact with patients in COVID-19, service volunteers) (OR = 1.45) . Conclusion: Non-suicidal self-injury behaviors of adolescent students in Jingzhou City are mainly related to the changes of surrounding environment and interpersonal relationships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transport stress can have certain effect on animal production, endocrine, meat quality and immune function. After long-distance transportation of beef cattle, rumen function will be decreased and rumen microflora will be disturbed, which will lead to reduced feed intake and rumination times, increased body temperature and weight loss. The paper reviews the effect of transport stress on neuroendocrine and biochemical indexes, meat quality, immune, antioxidant function of beef cattle, summarizes relevant measures to alleviate transport stress of beef cattle, in order to provide reference for subsequent research and practical application of transport stress in beef cattle production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The triaxial compression test and cyclic loading test were carried out on frozen sandstone samples cut from weakly cemented water-rich Mesozoic gray sandstones using TDW-200 frozen soil triaxial test apparatus. The strength characteristics and the evolution rules of elastic modulus were studied based on the experimental results. The test results show that while the peak strength increases under low confining pressure, it decreases under high confining pressure in cyclic loading test; during the whole process of cyclic loading, the tendency of elastic modulus is consistent with the path of cyclic loading; for each hysteretic loop, the tangent modulus increases first then decreases with the increase of deviatoric stress, it has the same tendency with the increase of cycle number when the deviatoric stress is the same. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flavonoids have good pharmacological activity and are widely used, but the yield of extracted flavonoids is low and the price is high. In order to explore the new technology of artificial synthesis of flavonoids and synthesis of new flavonoids, natural product paeonol was used as the raw material, and alkali catalyzed condensation reaction between m-hydroxybenzaldehyde and paeonol was carried out to construct intermediate product Ⅰ. Then, at high temperature, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was used as a solvent, and iodine was catalyzed to induce its oxidation and cyclization to obtain the target product Ⅱ. The structure of the product was determined through comprehensive analysis such as UV, IR, elemental analysis, and nuclear magnetic resonance. The changes in UV spectra of product Ⅰ and product Ⅱ in different concentrations of acid, alkali, and salt solutions were investigated and the reasons were analyzed. The results show that product Ⅰ is 2′,3-dihydroxy-4′-methoxychalone, with a yield of 82.2%. Its UV spectrum varies in different concentrations of acid, alkali, and salt solutions, and it could react with low concentrations of NaOH solution. The product could exist stably within 30 minutes and also easily interact with KNO3 solution, resulting in unstable products. Product Ⅱ is 7-methoxy-3′- hydroxyflavone, with a yield of 92. 0% . It can exist stably for a long time in HCl (4.0 mol / L), NaOH, and KNO3 solutions. This synthesis process overcomes the problem of protecting hydroxyl groups in condensation reactions and achieves efficient synthesis of 7- methoxy-3′-hydroxyflavones. Product Ⅰ failed to form a 4-chromone structure, with one phenolic hydroxyl group on each AB ring. Its stability is greatly affected by the environment, especially in alkaline environments. When using product Ⅰ, the storage environment should be controlled, and the pH should not be higher than 7. Product Ⅱ has a stable conjugated structure, which is less affected by the environment and can also exist stably in strong acid environments. This study has guiding and reference value for the production and application of flavonoids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To compare the orthopedic effects of unfused lumbar curve and unfused thoracic curve follow‐ ing selective fusion for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). Methods Seventy-six patients with AIS were selected and divided into the selective thoracic curve fusion group of 42 patients and selective lumbar curve fusion group of 34 patients according to different surgical methods. Full-length anterolateral radiographs of the standing spine were taken before sur‐ gery, immediately after surgery and at the last follow-up. Coronal Cobb Angle (including thoracic curve Cobb angle, thora‐ columbar curve or lumbar curve Cobb angle) and sagittal plane parameters (including thoracic kyphosis, thoracolumbar junction and lumbar lordosis) were measured. The changes in flexural flexibility without fusion, immediate postoperative correction rate, final correction rate and Cobb angle were calculated. The cases of Cobb angle loss, maintenance and im‐ provement at the last follow-up were counted. Results The Cobb angle of non-structural lumbar curve before selective thoracic curve fusion was 28. 1°±5. 9°, the flexibility of unfused curve was 106. 88%±29. 43%, and the final correction rate was 65. 4%±17. 1% at the last follow-up. The Cobb angle of non-structural thoracic curve before selective lumbar curve fusion was 26. 4°±6. 9°, the flexibility of unfused curve was 72. 7%±23. 0%, and the final correction rate was 44. 7% ±26. 6% at the last follow-up. At the last follow-up, there were no significant differences in Cobb angle change, angle loss, angle maintenance or angle improvement ratio between unfused lumbar curve and unfused thoracic curve (all P> 0. 05). Conclusions When AIS underwent selective fusion, the orthopedic effect of unfused lumbar curve was better than that of unfused thoracic curve. During the follow-up period, the behavior characteristics of unfused lumbar curve and unfused thoracic curve were similar, and the probability of angle loss and angle improvement were basically the same. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To compare the surgical outcomes of simple convex-side derotation and bilateral derotation for Lenke 5 adolescent idiopathic scoliosis （AIS）. Methods Fifty-two Lenke 5 AIS patients were enrolled. Based on vertebral derotation strategies，28 cases were assigned to simple convex-side derotation （unilateral group），and 24 cases were assigned to bilateral derotation （bilateral group）. The surgical details including operation time， estimated blood loss，and fusion levels were compared， so did the radiographic parameters including coronal, sagittal, axial parameters，adjacent disc angles and lumbosacral parameters. Scoliosis Research Society （SRS）-22r scores （function, pain, self-image, psychological status, and satisfaction with treatment） and surgical complications were rated. Results There was no significant difference in the operation time, estimated blood loss or fusion levels between two groups （all P>0. 05）. No significant difference was found in the sagittal, coronal, axial radiographic parameters or adjacent disc angles before surgery and at the last follow-up between two groups. The variations of sagittal and coronal Upper Instrumented Vertebra （UIV ） disc angle from pre-operation to last follow-up were greater in the bilateral group. There was no significant difference in SRS-22r scores between two groups （all P>0. 05）. No deficits were noted in intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring， and no surgical complications were found. Conclusions The surgical outcomes of simple convex-side derotation and bilateral derotation were comparable for Lenke 5 AIS， so was the derotational results. Displacements of the concave screws could be avoided in simple convex-side derotation. If bilateral derotation was performed， attention should be paid to the disc above the UIV in case of degeneration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objectives]This study was conducted to investigate the in vitro digestibility and enzymolysis rate of protein, amino acids and phosphorus of six protein feed ingredients for Macrobrachium nipponense,aiming to facilitate its feed development. [Methods]Using the in vitro digestibility and inhydrin methods, fish meal, blood meal, soybean meal, rapeseed meal, peanut meal and cottonseed meal were selected as protein sources. The in vitro digestibility of dry matter, crude protein and total phosphorus of enzyme extract from hepatopancreas and gastrointestinal tract of M.nipponense were determined respectively. The production of amino acids and phosphorus after enzymolysis were also determined. [Results]The results showed that in hepatopancreas, the highest dry matter digestibility was observed in soybean meal, which was significantly higher than that of blood meal (P＜0.05). Crude protein in vitro digestibility was highest in cottonseed meal, which was remarkably higher than that of the other ingredients except soybean meal (P＜0.05). The digestibility of total phosphorus was highest in peanut meal, which was significantly higher than that of fish meal (P＜0.05). In gastrointestinal tract, the dry matter digestibility of rapeseed meal was highest, which was significantly higher than those of cottonseed meal and blood meal (P＜0.05), while the highest digestibility of crude protein and total phosphorus was both found in cottonseed meal. Additionally, under the treatment of hepatopancreas and gastrointestinal tract enzyme extract, the amino acids production of six protem feed ingredients all increased significantly with increasing sampling time after enzymolysis, with significantly high production rate observed in both fish meal and blood meal (P＜0.05). The phosphorus content increased firstly and then decreased with further increasing sampling time after enzymolysis with significantly high content observed in fish meal at 8 h (P＜0.05). [Conclusions]In conclusion, cottonseed meal had a high in vitro digestibility for M.nipponense,while blood meal obtained high amino acids production rate, suggesting that both ingredients had a high prospect in feed development. Reset [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective We aimed to explore the delaying effect of Bushen Zhiwang Decoction ( a compound prescription for tonifying the kidney and treating arthritis) on bone destruction in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients with a pattern of deficiency of both liver and kidney based on the modified total Sharp score (mTSS). Methods A total of 170 RA patients with a pattern of deficiency of both liver and kidney attending the Department of TCM Rheumatism of the China-Japan Friendship Hospital from September 2020 to September 2021 were prospectively enrolled in this randomized controlled trial. A stochastic grouping method was used to assign patients to the experimental group or the control group. Patients in the experimental group were treated with Bushen Zhiwang Decoction combined with regular doses of conventional synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (cDMARDs), and patients in the control group were treated only with regular doses of cDMARDs. The observation period was 12 months. The mTSS was used as the main index to observe the degree of bone destruction in both groups after treatment. Results A total of 153 patients completed the final observation (76 in the experimental group and 77 in the control group). There were no significant differences in baseline characteristics between the two groups. After 12 months of treatment, patients in the experimental group showed a more significant improvement in erythrocyte sedimentation rate and traditional Chinese medicine syndrome score compared to patients in the control group (P<0. 05). Radiographic evaluation revealed an increase in mTSS in both groups, but the increase in mTSS was significantly smaller ( P < 0. 01) in the experimental group. Radiological progression of bone destruction occurred in 59 patients (77. 6%) in the experimental group, a much lower proportion than in the control group (75 patients, 97. 4%) (P<0. 01). Visualization of the proportional distribution showed that mTSS growth values were consistently lower in the experimental group than in the control group. Conclusion Treatment with Bushen Zhiwang Decoction combined with cDMARDs can effectively delay the progression of bone destruction in RA patients with a pattern of deficiency of liver and kidney. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study was to investigate the effect of CA on oxidative damage, inflammatory factors and energy metabolism of H9c2 rat cardiomyocytes induced by hypoxia. H9c2 rat cardiomyocytes were divided into control group (normoxia group), hypoxia group (1% oxygen concentration) and hypoxia (1% oxygen concentration) + cichoric acid group (60 mg/L), with three replicates in each group. The results showed that compared with control group, the activity of CAT, SOD and GSH-Px, the content of anti-inflammatory factor IL-10 and the activity of energy metabolic factors Ca2+-ATPase and Na+K+-ATPase in hypoxia group were extremely decreased (P<0.01). The content of MDA, TNF-α and IL-6 in hypoxia group were extremely increased (P<0.01). The content of HO-1 was significantly decreased in hypoxia group (P<0.05). Compared with hypoxia group, the activity of GSH-Px, Ca2+-ATPase, Na+K+-ATPase and content of HO-1 in hypoxia +CA group were extremely increased (P<0.01), the activity of SOD was significantly increased (P<0.05), and the content of MDA, TNF-α and IL-6 were extremely decreased (P<0.01). The experiment indicates that CA alleviates the oxidative damage of H9c2 rat cardiomyocytes induced by hypoxia by improving the antioxidant capacity of H9c2 rat cardiomyocytes induced by hypoxia, reducing the secretion of pro-inflammatory and inflammatory factors, increasing the secretion of anti-inflammatory factors, and improving the energy metabolism level, which can improve the hypoxia adaptability of animals at high altitude. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An aerostatic thrust bearing with pressure-equalizing groove with variable sectional area is designed to research the dynamic characteristics of aerostatic thrust bearing. Based on the mechanical vibration model of gas bearings, the dynamic control equations of gas bearings is established by using perturbation method, and the dynamic control equations are sovled to obtain the dynamic stiffness and damping of gas bearings by the finite difference method. The results show that the dynamic and static stiffness values of aerostatic thrust bearings are equal when the vibration is small, and the dynamic and static stiffnesses of gas bearings reach the optimum value when the gas film thickness is about 5.5 μm; the dynamic damping decreases nonlinearly with the increase in gas film thickness at the same air supply pressure, and the gas film thickness greatly affects the dynamic damping coefficients of air bearings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Magnetic CuFe2O4 submicrospheres were prepared by solvothermal method， and then modified with triaminopropyltrimethoxysilane （APTMS） as the surface modifier. CuFe2O4@NH2@Pt composites were prepared by in-situ reduction with ethylene glycol after adsorption of Pt4+ ions. The morphology， structure and crystal morphology of the samples are characterized by transmission electron microscopy （TEM）， energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer （EDX）， X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS）， X-ray diffraction （XRD）， Ultraviolet visible spectrophotometer（UV-Vis）and vibration sample magnetometer （VSM）. The catalytic activities of organic dye p-nitrophenol and inorganic dye potassium ferrocyanate are investigated as the target pollutants. The results show that the degradation rate of p-nitrophenol is about 99.9% within 6 minutes， and the degradation rate of potassium ferric cyanate is about 97% within 9 minutes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to screen the strains suitable for the fermentation of lychee Lactobacillus beverage, eight kinds of Lactobacillus (Lactobacillus rhamnosus FJAT - 13807» Lactobacillus brevis FJAT 一 43776, Lactobacillus fermentum FJAT - 13771, Lactobacillus delbrueckii FJAT 一 43773, Lactobacillus paracasei FJAT 一 13741, Lactobacillus plantarum FJAT - 13737, lactobacillus acidophilus FJAT - 13772, and Streptococcus thermophilus FJAT - 43774) were selected, of which the inoculation amount was 3%. The formula of fermentation medium was 50% lychee juice+48% soybean protein+ 2% granulated sugar, and the fermentation medium was fermented at 37°C for 48 h. The viable count was measured every 6 h. The diversity indexes (such as the dominant index, Shannon index, and evenness index) of the viable count distribution and the cluster analysis were introduced to evaluate the fermentation ability of lactic acid bacteria from the aspects of strain fermentation ability, fermentation cycle difference, and time distribution urdformity of viable coun匚 The results showed that.: Lactobacillus rhamnosus FJAT - 13807 had the highest fermentation level (the total viable count in the fermentation process was 562. 90X 107cfu • mL_1). It entered the logarithmic phase of fermentation quickly and maintained for a long time (12 -- 30 h). The diversity indexes of the viable count distribution were high, with the dominant index of 0. 86, Shannon index of 2. 00, and the evenness index of 0. 91. The comprehensive evaluation results of cluster analysis showed that Lactobacillus rhamnosus FJAT - 13807 had strong growth ability and the time distribution of viable count was more uniform, which was the most suitable for the fermentation of lychee Lactobacillus beverage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The polysaccharide was extracted from the branches and leaves of Chrysanthemum indicum, and the safety assessment of polysaccharide was evaluated. Ames test in rats, mouse bone marrow cell micronucleus test, mouse sperm abnormality test were examined to evaluate mutagenicity and toxicities change of the polysaccharide. Ames test used the plate incorporation method. The results showed that polysaccharide from stems and leaves did not induce an increase in number of bacterial colonies of TA97, TA98, TA100 and TA102. The ratio of PCE/NCE in CP positive control group was higher than that in control group, and no increase in micronucleus rate of polychromatic erythrocytes in bone marrow was observed. The rank sum test showed that the sperm malformation rate in the CP-positive control group was extremely higher than that in negative control group (P<0.01). 30 d feeding test, the food utilization rate of female rats in low-dose group was significantly decreased at 3 w (P<0.05), and visceral histopathological examination showed no toxic damage caused by polysaccharide in high-dose group. The experiment indicates that the extracted polysaccharide of Chrysanthemum indicum is safety without toxicity and mutagenicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to clarify the effect of padding on the growth of Escherichia coli in the fermentation bed for pig raising under natural conditions, the growth of Escherichia coli in padding was studied. The green fluorescent protein (GFP)-labeled Escherichia coli K88 was inoculated into the padding of microbial fermentation bed for pig raising by using the method of artificial inoculation. The growth dynamics of Escherichia coli K88-GFP in the padding were observed by using the plate isolating culture method. The results showed that Escherichia coli K88-GFP could grow well both in the fresh padding with bactericidal treatment and the old padding used for one year, and the contents of Escherichia coli K88-GFP reached 4.03 X 108 cfu·g-1 and 5.37 X 108 cfu·g-1 after 168 h of isolating culture, respectively, with no significant difference in order of magnitudes. However, Escherichia coli K88-GFP could not grow in the fresh padding without bactericidal treatment and the old padding used for one year. The results indicated that the padding of microbial fermentation bed for pig raising could inhibit the growth of Escherichia coli K8§ in the natural environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The effects of different fertilization methods on maize yield and nitrogen and phosphorus leaching loss in farmland were investigated. [Methods] The three of fertilizing were set up: conventional treatment (CK), the main factor to optimize treatment (KF), a comprehensive optimization treatment (BMP), optimize treatments than conventional treatment 23.63% reduction of nitrogen and 26.55% reduction of phosphorus, including comprehensive optimization treatment as the straw returned; maize grain yield and straw yield, plant biomass, nitrogen and phosphorus uptake, water leaching of nitrogen and phosphorus loss were determined. [Results] There were no significant differences in maize grain yield, straw yield, plant biomass, total nitrogen uptake and total phosphorus uptake among the three fertilization methods (P>0.05). The annual cumulative loss of total nitrogen and total phosphorus in CK treatment was significantly higher than that in KF treatment and BMP treatment (P<0.05). Compared with CK, the annual cumulative loss of total nitrogen of KF treatment and BMP treatment was 49.73% and 52.43%, and the annual cumulative loss of total phosphorus of KF treatment and BMP treatment was 38.49% and 59.18%, respectively. [Conclusion] The optimization of fertilization methods could guarantee the yield of maize and reduce the risk of nitrogen and phosphorus leaching loss, and reduce farmland non-point source pollution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To observe the effect of zinc supplementation on the changes of myocardial adenine monophosphate activated protein kinase (AMPK), dynamin related protein 1 (Drp1) and oxidative stress in type 1 diabetic mice (T1DM), and to preliminarily explore the mechanism of the protective effect of zinc treatment on diabetic cardiomyopathy. Methods Sixty eight-week-old male FVB mice were selected, and a small dose (50 mg/kg) of streptozocin (STZ) was continuously injected intraperitoneally for five days to construct a T1DM myocardial injury mouse model. After successful modeling, the mice were divided into three groups by block randomization: control group (group A, n=20), diabetic myocardial injury group (group B, n=18) and diabetic myocardial injury model+high zinc diet group (group C, n=18). Groups A and B were given normal zinc diet (the content of zinc is 30 mg/kg) and group C was given a high-zinc diet (the content of zinc was 150 mg/kg) for 3 months. The body weight, serum glucose, malondialdehyde and superoxide dismutase levels were measured; the cardiac function, left ventricular ejection fraction (EF value), the ratio of the early peak and late filling rates of systolic and diastolic ventricles (E/A ratio) and left ventricular end diastolic diameter (LVDD) were also detected; the pathological changes of myocardial tissue were observed. Furthermore, the protein expressions of AMPK, phospho adenine monophosphate activated protein kinase (pAMPKThr172), Drp1 and phospho dynamin related protein1 (pDrp1ser616) were measured by Western blotting, and the ratios of pAMPKThr172/AMPK and pDrp1Ser616/Drp1 were calculated. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used for comparison among multiple groups. Results The differences in weight, blood glucose, malondialdehyde and superoxide dismutase levels, E/A ratio, EF value and LVDD among the three groups A, B, and C were statistically significant (P<0.05). The levels of plasma malondialdehyde were higher and superoxide dismutase were lower in group B compared with those of group A, while the levels of malondialdehyde were lower and superoxide dismutase were higher in group C. Compared with group A, the E/A ratio and EF value of group B decreased, while group C increased compared with group B. Compared with group A, the pAMPKThr172/AMPK value of group B decreased, while group C was higher than group B. The pDrp1Ser616/Drp1 value of group B increased compared with group A, while Group C was lower than group B. All the differences above were statistically significant (P< 0.05). Zinc supplementation increased the phosphorylation level of AMPKThr172 and decreased the phosphorylation level of the Drp1Ser616 in the myocardial tissue. Conclusion Zinc supplementation may be effective in inhibiting the oxidative stress of diabetic myocardial injury and myocardial cell mitochondrial division through regulating AMPK/Drp1 pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] With the increasing pollution of cadmium (Cd) in farmland in China, a large amount of Cd accumulated in straw was returned to soil under straw return practice, and the decomposition process of straw could also affect the Cd bioavailability by means of soil properties, thus increasing the risk of rice Cd exceeding standard. Therefore, it is of great significance to research the effects of straw return on Cd uptake of rice plant and its influencing factors. [Method] The effects of straw return on rice Cd uptake were quantitatively analyzed by meta-analysis in the present study. [Result] The results showed that straw return could reduce the Cd uptake in rice grains and straws to some extent, but the effects were not significant. Straw return could significantly reduce the rice grain Cd concentration in strongly acidic soil (pH < 5. 5). When the soil Cd content was lower than 0. 8 mg/kg, straw return could decrease the Cd content in rice grain, and when the soil Cd content was higher than 0. 8 mg/kg, straw return could increase the Cd content in rice grain. Moreover, straw return tended to increase the rice grain Cd accumulation in soils with soil organic carbon content lower than 10 g/kg. In addition, different types of straw returning to field had no significant effect on Cd uptake in rice grains. However, with the increase of the amount of straw returned, the inhibitory effect of straw return on Cd uptake of rice grains was weakened. When the Cd content in straw was lower than 0. 8 mg/kg, the uptake of Cd by rice grains was decreased, and when the Cd content in straw was higher than 0. 8 mg/kg, the uptake of Cd by rice grains was increased. Besides, when the practice was lasted for more than one year, straw return could promote rice grain Cd uptake. [Conclusion] Therefore, for the purpose of safe straw return practices in paddy fields, the straw characteristics as well as soil properties should take into consideration in practical production . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To study the effect of fluorescein sodium ( FLS ) "yellow fluorescence" staining in guiding glioblastoma ( GEM) surgery and its relationship with clinical factors. Methods The clinical data of 24 patients with GEM were analyzed retrospectively, and the clinical data of Han and minority patients were compared. The patients were intravenously injected with fluorescein sodium staining during the operation. The samples were taken from the yellow staining boundary and the non yellow staining area within 0.5 cm outside the yellow staining boundary for pathological examination. The degree of tumor cell infiltration was observed to determine the tumor boundary and guide the operation to remove the tumor. The tumor volume was compared to determine the extent of tumor resection before and after operation. KPS scores were evaluated before operation, I week and I month after operation. Spearman rank correlation was used to analyze the correlation between the degree of tumor resection, pathological changes in the non yellow stained area around the tumor and clinical factors. Results There was no significant difference in clinical data between Han and minority patients. In this group of patients, histopathological examination of tumor yellow staining boundary showed that 19 patients were GEM, 3 patients were microgliosis, 2 were anaplastic astrocytoma. Histopathological examination of tumor without yellow staining area showed that 22 were GBM, 2 patients were diffuse astrocytoma. The tumors were totally resected in 16 and subtotally resected in 8. One month after operation, compared with preoperative KPS score, 17 were improved, 3 were unchanged, and 4 were aggravated. There was a negative correlation between the degree of tumor resection and the location of tumor involving basal ganglia nuclei and ventricles ( r = - 0.84, P<0.05) . There was a negative correlation between the histopathological changes of no yellow staining area around tumor and 1P19 Q ( r = - 0.44, P <0.05 ) . Conclusion FLS " yellow fluorescence" staining technology can effectively guide the resection of GBM in real time during operation, improve the resection rate and prognosis of patients. The degree of tumor resection is related to the tumor location, and the pathological changes of non yellow staining area around the tumor are related to 1P19Q. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】 To evaluate the practical effects of different full biodegradable mulching film on non-flooding rice. 【Methods】 Using 6 kinds of full biodegradable mulching film（T1,T2,T3,T4,T5,T6）and 1 common mulching film (CK) as the test materials,through the field landfill experiment and the non-flooding rice mulching cultivation experiment,the degradation characteristics of the full biodegradable mulching film in each treatment was monitored,and the effect of the full biodegradable mulching film on the yield of rice in dry cultivation.【Results】 In the field landfill experiment after 90 days of landfilling,T5 treatment entered the cataclastic period,most of the T1 and T2 treatments entered the cataclastic period,and had no intensity and elasticity;T6 treatment entered the big crack period,the degradation speed was the slowest,and had minor elasticity. After 180 days of landfilling, the T1,T3,T4 and T5 treatments entered the no-film period,and the T2 and T6 treatments were still in the cataclastic period,and the six fully biodegradable mulches had no intensity and elasticity. After 365 days of landfilling, all the 6 kinds of full biodegradable mulching films were degraded. No degradation,no intensity and elasticity change for CK during 365 days landfilling. In the non-flooding rice mulching cultivation experiment,compared with other treatments,100 days after mulching（August 6th）,the T6 treatment entered the cracking period,and the time to enter the cracking stage was the latest;141 days after mulching（September 17th）,all 6 kinds of full biodegradable mulching films entered cataclastic period. Compared with CK,the rice yields of T1,T5,and T6 treatments increased significant 18.68%,17.38% and 17.06%,respectively（P<0.05）. The T1 treatment got the highest rice yield（8 806.99 kg/hm²). 【Conclusion】 Based on the comprehensive evaluation of the degradation of 6 kinds of full biodegradable mulching films and their effects on non-flooding rice yield,it was concluded that for the non-flooding rice system,T1 and T5 degraded faster and increased yield,and also benefit to the ecological environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Autophagy can regulate bone metabolism disorders in type 2 diabetes mellitus via nuclear factor KB receptor activating factor ligand, mammalian target of rapamycin, Wnt/β-catenin pathway, and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase. OBJECTIVE: To analyze and summarize the role and possible molecular mechanism of autophagy to improve bone metabolism disorder in type 2 diabetes mellitus. METHODS: Using "autophagy; exercise; type 2 diabetes mellitus; bone metabolism" as keywords, we retrieved literature regarding autophagy for improving bone metabolism disorder in type 2 diabetes mellitus in PubMed and China Knowledge Network, and logically analyzed and summarized the included studies. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Autophagy can improve bone metabolism disorders in type 2 diabetes mellitus through activation of signaling pathways, such as PPAR-γ, Hedgehog, MITF, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors. Autophagy can up-regulate the differentiation capacity of osteoblasts, down-regulate the absorption capacity of osteoclasts in type 2 diabetes mellitus, and has an important effect on bone formation and osteocalcin mineralization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aiming at the quantification of data privacy and data utility in privacy protection, based on the basic principles of metric space and norm, this paper proposed a privacy and data utility metric model. First, it gave the data numerical processing method. And converted the data into a matrix for calculation. Secondly, it introduced a privacy preference function to measure the change of sensitive attributes over time. Then, it analyzed the privacy protection model and quantified the data changes generated by the privacy protection technology. Finally, this paper built a metric space, and gave privacy amount, data utility and privacy protection calculations. Simulation experiments show that the established metric model can effectively reflect the amount of private information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the predictive effect of oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) blood glucose on gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in the second trimester of pregnancy. Methods A total of 840 pregnant women were prospectively recruited from Jin Shan Branch of Shanghai Sixth Peoples′ Hospital (Zhujing area of Shanghai) between January 1st, 2017 and December 31st, 2018. All subjects received 75 g OGTT test in initial antenatal examination (8-16 gestational week) and received GDM screening in the second trimester. GDM were divided into F‑GDM [only diagnosed by fasting plasma glucose (FPG)] and P‑GDM (diagnosed by OGTT 1hPG or 2hPG). Correlative relationship was analyzed between OGTT FPG, OGTT 2hPG in initial antenatal examination and OGTT FPG, OGTT 1hPG, OGTT 2hPG for GDM screening in the second trimester. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to predict F‑GDM with OGTT FPG and P‑GDM with OGTT 2hPG in initial antenatal examination, the optimal cut‑off points were found respectively. Then the cut‑off points were used as the diagnostic criteria of GDM in the first trimester of pregnancy. Diagnostic characteristics of GDM in initial antenatal examination and GDM in the middle stage were analyzed by four‑fold table. The t test was used for comparison between the two groups, Spearman correlation analysis was used for correlation, Fisher Z transformation method was used for correlation coefficient, and u test was used for comparison. Results (1) FPG in initial antenatal examination was correlated with FPG, OGTT 1hPG or OGTT 2hPG in the second trimester (r1, r2, r3 was 0.461, 0.146, 0.087, respectively, all P<0.05). However, the correlation between FPG in the first trimester of pregnancy and FPG in the second trimester of pregnancy was better (r1 vs r2, r1 vs r3, both P<0.05; r2 vs r3, P>0.05). OGTT 2hPG in initial antenatal examination was correlative with FPG, OGTT 1hPG or OGTT 2hPG in the second trimester (r4, r5, r6 was 0.201, 0.425, 0.436, respectively, all P<0.05). However, the correlation between OGTT 2hPG in initial antenatal examination and OGTT 1hPG or OGTT 2hPG in the second trimester of pregnancy was better (r4 vs r5, r4 vs r6, both P<0.05; r5 vs r6, P>0.05). (2) The maximum area under the ROC curve of F‑GDM predicted by FPG in initial antenatal examination was 0.781 (95%CI: 0.734-0.829, P<0.001), and the optimal cut‑off of FPG was 4.95 mmol / L, the sensitivity was 67.3%, and the specificity was 74.4%. The maximum area under the ROC curve of P‑GDM predicted by OGTT 2hPG in initial antenatal examination was 0.790 (95%CI: 0.742-0.839, P<0.001), the optimal cut‑off of OGTT 2hPG was 7.595 mmol/L, the sensitivity was 67.9%, and the specificity was 80.8%. (3) Compared with GDM in the second trimester, GDM in initial antenatal examination diagnosed with these two cut‑off values, the sensitivity was 78.0%, and the specificity was 60.7%, the positive predictive value was 33.2%, and the negative predictive value was 91.7%. Conclusions OGTT may be used to screen GDM in initial antenatal examination, FPG≥5.0 mmol/L and OGTT 2hPG≥7.6 mmol/L may be used as a reference value for abnormal blood glucose at the beginning of pregnancy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the air-assisted spray characteristics of two-stroke aviation kerosene piston engine, the systemic experimental study was performed, and the effects of ambient pressure, temperature and control parameters，including fuel injection duration, interval among fuel and air, and air injection duration, on spray width, penetration, spatial diffusion area and Souter mean diameter were analyzed using a high-speed camera and a phase Doppler particle analyzer combining with image processing technology in order to obtain a desired gas mixture and ensure a good match between the spray characteristics and the time-varying environment of cylinder. The results show that the increased ambient pressure is not conducive to the spray spatial diffusion, while the atomization is worsen; and the increased ambient temperature is beneficial to the evaporation and breakup of fuel droplets in the case of constant control parameters; and the decreased or increased air injection duration facilitates the extension of spray along the direction of the nozzle, and promotes the expansion and breakup of droplets. The experimental results show that the air-assisted injection system has good adaptability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In space manufacturing system is a kind of exoatmospheric, distributed manufacturing system which coordinates the ground-based factories, in-orbit space factories, and space transportation vehicles and aims at space facilities construction. Key issues to realize intelligent in-orbit space manufacturing are the modeling of the distributed scheduling systems as well as the designing of the efficient and effective optimization methods. In this paper, an in-orbit space intelligent manufacturing system with distributed ground manufacturing and transportation, ground-air batch transportation and in-orbit assembly process is addressed. The scheduling of the system is modeled as multi-stage distributed scheduling problem, which is decomposed into four subproblems, i.e., distributed homogeneous flow shop scheduling, parallel machines scheduling with transportation time, single machine batch scheduling problem with release time, machine available time and machine capacity constraints, and single machine scheduling problem with release time and precedence constraints, with respect to the criterion of minimizing of the maximum completion time. In addition, the recently proposed I Ching philosophy inspired optimization (ICO) which originally focused on continuous optimization is extended to solve combinatorial optimization, and ICO based memetic algorithm (ICO-MA) is proposed to solve the aforementioned scheduling problem. Experimental results on middle scale and large scale instances show the proposed algorithm is effective and efficient compared with the state-of-the-art algorithms, e.g., particle swarm optimization, teaching learning based optimization and water wave optimization. The proposed ICO-MA could be a feasible and effective algorithm to solve distributed multi-stage scheduling problems. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first study on distributed scheduling of in-orbit space intelligent manufacturing system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To study the shear performance of fire-damaged reinforced concrete (RC) beams repaired by bolted-side plating (BSP) technique, six RC beam specimens were fabricated, including five beams that were firstly exposed to fire in accordance with international standards ISO 834 temperature curve and then retrofitted using the BSP technique. The influence of the plate depth and bolt spacing on the shear strength, ductility and stiffness of fire-damaged RC beams was investigated. The testing results indicated that the BSP method can significantly increase the shear capacity of fire-damaged RC beams and improve the overall mechanical performance. The strengthening effect increases as the increase of plate depth and the decrease of bolt spacing. Both longitudinal and transverse slips coexist on the plate-RC interface of specimens. The bolt spacing exerts an important influence on the degree of collaborative work between the plate and the RC beam. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to explore the influence of excitation circuit parameters on the current of probe of three-tips fluxgate magnetometer, and provide a proper theoretical foundation for designing transformer parameters, a novel mathematical model is proposed based on transformer coupling and probe's self-inductance through numerical analysis. The numerical results and the actual tests are matched. The proposed method provides a powerful help to design parameters of excitation circuit, and make further study on the relationship between circuit parameters and excitation current. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The millimeter-scales pheroidized RDX is prepared by cooling crystallization using cyclopentanone as a solvent. The effects of process parameters, such as solution concentration, addition of seed, crystallization temperature, cooling rate, and stirring rate, are investigated. The crystal density, axial ratio, bulk density, and mechanical sensitivity are tested. The results show that the millimeter-grade spheroidized RDX has smooth crystal surface and compact structure. The crystal density is 1.813 g/cm3, the axial ratio is less than 1.21, and the bulk density is 1.26 g/cm3. Its mechanical sensitivity is obviously lower than that of ordinary RDX, the friction sensitivity is decreased from 82% to 62%, and the impact sensitivity is decreased from 80% to 52%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

以四氯化钛(TiCl4)为原料,采用3种不同的沉淀剂制备了纳米二氧化钛粉体.用TG-DTA和FT-IR对前驱体进行了分析.结果表明,不同沉淀剂导致粉体表面状态不同.以乙酸和尿素为沉淀剂的粉体表面不仅沉淀剂可以形成化学吸附,水分子也参与反应并在粉体表面形成-OH基团,而以EDTA为沉淀剂的粉体表面只吸附沉淀剂.煅烧后,用TEM对颗粒形貌进行了表征.实验发现,以EDTA为沉淀剂制备的粉体分散性优于其他沉淀剂制备的二氧化钛颗粒.这些差异主要是由于沉淀剂的性质及其在粉体表面的吸附状态不同.

In the past two decades, driven by the intrinsic requirements of the enterprises to improve production efficiency and increase production flexibility, flexible scheduling problem, characterized by the complex topology of multi-stage and parallel machines, has attracted more and more attention from both academia and industry in fields of semiconductor manufacturing, steel industry, automobile making, weapon production, chemical engineering, microbiology detection, financial service et al. Furthermore, by taking into account the re-entrant process constraint in accordance with which the job has to be processed more than once in certain stage, the flexible scheduling problem can be cast as re-entrant flexible scheduling problem (REFSP), which is characterized by re-entrant job flow through a number of different work centers that contain one or more identical parallel machines. In this paper, a comprehensive multi-facet survey of recent research in REFSP is presented by introducing its fundamental mathematical models, classifying various REFSP models in complex environments based on α|β|γ, summarizing its optimization methods and fields of application. Finally, we conclude this survey with further research directions. This study aims to promote theoretical research and engineering application of re-entrant flexible scheduling problem in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]