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440 results on '"Énergie électrique"'

401. Mono inverter multi-parallel permanent magnet synchronous motor: structure and control strategy

Author

Pascal Maussion, Maurice Fadel, Maria Pietrzak-David, Damien Bidart, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), LAboratoire PLasma et Conversion d'Energie (LAPLACE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, COmmande et DIAgnostic des Systèmes Electriques (LAPLACE-CODIASE), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3)

Subjects
Energie électrique, 0209 industrial biotechnology, Universal motor, Computer science, [SPI.NRJ]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electric power, 020208 electrical & electronic engineering, Dual PMSM, Permanent magnet synchronous machine, Control engineering, 02 engineering and technology, AC motor, Wound rotor motor, Switched reluctance motor, law.invention, 020901 industrial engineering & automation, Direct torque control, Control theory, law, Control, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Motor soft starter, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Synchronous motor, Induction motor
Abstract

International audience; This study presents a new and original Mono inverter multi-parallel permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) system. To obtain the stability of such a system, each of the motor synchronisms should always be respected regardless of their load torque. In this case, only one motor, called 'master motor', will be self-piloted. If the chosen master motor is the one with the highest applied load torque, synchronism is respected for each of the motors. To find this machine, a solution that compares the rotor positions is thus developed. Experimental results are given for a system with two PMSM plugged in parallel. The proposed solution can, however, be applied to systems whatever the motor numbers; therefore additional simulations are provided for a four-PMSM system.

Published
2011
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402. Firewood : the energy of the future

Author

Riedacker, Arthur, Station d'économie et de sociologie rurales de paris, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), and ProdInra, Migration

Subjects
INDUSTRIE, [SHS] Humanities and Social Sciences, ENERGIE ELECTRIQUE, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences
Abstract

L'auteur étudie dans cet article le rôle du bois de feu, source d'énergie non négligeable chez les particuliers et dans l'industrie, même dans les pays industrialisés. Au milieu des années 1980, le bois d'énergie occupait encore une place très significative dans les consommations énergétiques mondiales, mais après la Seconde Guerre mondiale, la consommation de bois d'énergie avait fortement régressé. Son avenir est lié à la fois à l'évolution du prix du pétrole, dont le cours n'est guère favorable depuis le contre-choc pétrolier, à un redémarrage de l'utilisation modernisée du bois dans les pays industrialisés, à l'efficacité des technologies de conversion, aux contraintes environnementales. Si les menaces de changement climatique liées à l'accroissement des émissions de gaz à effet de serre se confirment, la biomasse et, en particulier, le bois risquent fort de revenir sur le devant de la scène dans les prochaines décennies.

Published
1993

403. Insertion dans l'environnement de lignes à très haute tension

Author

Jégouzo, Yves, Droit2HAL, Projet, Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1), Institut de Recherche juridique de la Sorbonne André Tunc (IRJS), and collaboration or project value

Subjects
Energie électrique, [SHS.DROIT]Humanities and Social Sciences/Law, [SHS.DROIT] Humanities and Social Sciences/Law, Ligne à haute tension, ENVIRONNEMENT, Energie, Implantation
Abstract

International audience; (Protocole du 25 août 1992 par l'Etat et EDF.)

Published
1993

412. Comparison between vibration and stator current analysis for the detection of bearing faults in asynchronous drives

Author

Jean Faucher, Baptiste Trajin, Jeremi Regnier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT (FRANCE), LAboratoire PLasma et Conversion d'Energie (LAPLACE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, COmmande et DIAgnostic des Systèmes Electriques (LAPLACE-CODIASE), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3)

Subjects
Electric motor, Energie électrique, Engineering, Stator, 02 engineering and technology, law.invention, 0203 mechanical engineering, law, Control theory, Diagnosis, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Torque, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Mechanical load, Bearing (mechanical), business.industry, [SPI.NRJ]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electric power, 020208 electrical & electronic engineering, Detector, Frequency behavior, Vibration, Induction machine, 020303 mechanical engineering & transports, Ball bearing, business, Laser Doppler vibrometer
Abstract

International audience; This study deals with the application of vibration and motor current spectral analysis for the monitoring of rolling bearings damage in asynchronous drives. Vibration measurement is widely used to detect faulty bearings operations. However, this approach is expensive and cannot always be performed, while electrical quantities such as the machine stator current are often already measured for control and detection purposes. Signal processing methods and global indicators associated with bearing fault detection of vibration measurements are recalled. Compared to these methods, an automatic detector based on vibration spectral energy extraction is then proposed and its performances are discussed. Moreover, load torque measurements underlines that bearing faults also induce mechanical load torque oscillations. Therefore a theoretical stator current model in case of load torque oscillations is used to demonstrate the presence of phase modulation (PM) on stator currents. Frequency behaviour of the related sideband components is strongly investigated for monitoring purposes. Thus, a fault detector using the extraction of spectral energy of stator current is proposed to detect damaged bearings. This detector is then compared to the one defined on vibration signals.

Published
2010
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413. Simulations of Ionic Liquids Confined in Surface-Functionalized Nanoporous Carbons: Implications for Energy Storage

Author

Irena Deroche, El Hassane Lahrar, Céline Merlet, Patrice Simon, Camelia Matei Ghimbeu, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Université de Strasbourg - UNISTRA (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Réseau de stockage électrochimique de l’énergie - Energie RS2E (FRANCE), Université de Haute Alsace - UHA (FRANCE), Merlet, Céline, Centre interuniversitaire de recherche et d'ingenierie des matériaux (CIRIMAT), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Réseau sur le stockage électrochimique de l'énergie (RS2E), Université de Nantes (UN)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris - Chimie ParisTech-PSL (ENSCP), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse (IS2M), Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Matériaux et Nanosciences Grand-Est (MNGE), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Réseau nanophotonique et optique, Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris - Chimie ParisTech-PSL (ENSCP), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Matériaux et nanosciences d'Alsace (FMNGE), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Réseau nanophotonique et optique, and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)

Subjects
Energie électrique, Materials science, Matériaux, 02 engineering and technology, Electrolyte, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Nanoporous carbons, Ion, ionic liquids, chemistry.chemical_compound, Molecular dynamics, Adsorption, General Materials Science, Physics::Chemical Physics, Surface functional groups, surface functional groups, Nanoporous, Molecular dynamics simulations, Microporous material, molecular dynamics simulations, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 0104 chemical sciences, Ionic liquids, [CHIM.THEO]Chemical Sciences/Theoretical and/or physical chemistry, nanoporous carbons, [CHIM.THEO] Chemical Sciences/Theoretical and/or physical chemistry, chemistry, Chemical engineering, adsorption, confinement, Ionic liquid, Surface modification, 0210 nano-technology, Confinement
Abstract

International audience; Porous carbons are used in a wide range of applications, including electrochemical double layer capacitors for energy storage, in which electrolyte ion properties under confinement are crucial for the performance of the systems. While many synthesis techniques lead to the presence of surface functional groups, their effect on the adsorption and diffusion of electrolyte ions is still poorly understood. In this study we investigate the effect of surface chemistry on dynamical and structural properties of adsorbed ions through molecular dynamics simulations of a neat ionic liquid in contact with several zeolite templated carbons, used here as model materials for the larger range of existing ordered microporous carbons. The steric and specific influence of functional groups is explored using three structures: a structure without any functional groups; a structure with ester, hydroxyl, anhydride acid and carboxyl functional groups; and a structure where the oxygen and hydrogen atoms are replaced by carbon atoms. We calculate quantities of adsorbed ions and diffusion coefficients which show variations with the addition of functional groups in agreement with experimental data for similar systems. We observe that the functionalization has a limited impact on the structure of the confined electrolyte but affects the ion mobility more markedly, and that the relative importance of the structure and chemical nature of the functional groups is not the same depending on the ion type and property considered.

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414. Mesoscopic simulations of the in situ NMR spectra of porous carbon based supercapacitors: electronic structure and adsorbent reorganisation effects

Author

Anouar Belhboub, Clare P. Grey, John M. Griffin, Anagha Sasikumar, Alexander C. Forse, Céline Merlet, Patrice Simon, Camille Bacon, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Collège de France (FRANCE), Ecole Centrale Casablanca (MAROCCO), Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris - ENSCP (FRANCE), Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier - ENSCM (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble (FRANCE), Université Paris Sciences & Lettres - PSL (FRANCE), Sorbonne Université (FRANCE), University of Cambridge (UNITED KINGDOM), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Université de Nantes (FRANCE), Université de Picardie Jules Verne (FRANCE), Lancaster University (UNITED KINGDOM), Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour - UPPA (FRANCE), Université de Grenoble (FRANCE), Université de Haute Alsace - UHA (FRANCE), Université de Montpellier (FRANCE), Centre interuniversitaire de recherche et d'ingenierie des matériaux (CIRIMAT), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Réseau sur le stockage électrochimique de l'énergie (RS2E), Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris - Chimie ParisTech-PSL (ENSCP), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM), Ecole Centrale Casablanca, PHysicochimie des Electrolytes et Nanosystèmes InterfaciauX (PHENIX), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Lancaster University, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT), Université de Nantes (UN)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris - Chimie ParisTech-PSL (ENSCP), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), and Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)

Subjects
Energie électrique, Materials science, Matériaux, General Physics and Astronomy, FOS: Physical sciences, 02 engineering and technology, Electronic structure, Electrolyte, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Ion, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Condensed Matter - Materials Science, Chemical shift, Porous carbon based supercapacitors, Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci), Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 0104 chemical sciences, NMR spectra database, [CHIM.THEO]Chemical Sciences/Theoretical and/or physical chemistry, Chemical physics, Density functional theory, Mesoscopic simulations, 0210 nano-technology, Electronic density
Abstract

International audience; In situ NMR spectroscopy is a powerful technique to investigate charge storage mechanisms in carbon-based supercapacitors thanks to its ability to distinguish ionic and molecular species adsorbed in the porous electrodes from those in the bulk electrolyte. The NMR peak corresponding to the adsorbed species shows a clear change of chemical shift as the applied potential difference is varied. This variation in chemical shift is thought to originate from a combination of ion reorganisation in the pores and changes in ring current shifts due to the changes of electronic density in the carbon. While previous Density Functional Theory calculations suggested that the electronic density has a large effect, the relative contributions of these two effects is challenging to untangle. Here, we use mesoscopic simulations to simulate NMR spectra and investigate the relative importance of ion reorganisation and ring currents on the resulting chemical shift. The model is able to predict chemical shifts in good agreement with NMR experiments and indicates that the ring currents are the dominant contribution. A thorough analysis of a specific electrode/electrolyte combination for which detailed NMR experiments have been reported allows us to confirm that local ion reorganisation has a very limited effect but the relative quantities of ions in pores of different sizes, which can change upon charging/discharging, can lead to a significant effect. Our findings suggest that in situ NMR spectra of supercapacitors may provide insights into the electronic structure of carbon materials in the future.

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417. Calculated and measured energy consumption for 'low energy' houses

Author

Figley, D. A., Snodgrass, L. J., and American Council for an Energy Efficient Economy

Subjects
heat transfer coefficients, chauffe eau, ventilation mécanique, heating (process), pare vapeur, isolation thermique, mechanical ventilation, space heating, domestic hot-water heating, interior electrical consumptions - monthly measurements, etanché ité à l'air, electricity ( energy), chauffage (procédé), water heaters, microcomputer-based residential energy-analysis program - hotcan 2. 0, two-year energy analysis, air tightness, soil thermal conductivity, maison unifamiliale, residential facilities, energy budget calculations, single family dwellings, Air and vapour barriers, equipement residentiel, Pare-vapeur et pare-air, thermal insulation, ventilation rates, vapor barriers, energie électrique
Abstract

This paper presents results of a two-year energy analysis of 28 low-energy houses. The space heating, domestic hot water heating, and interior electrical consumptions were measured individually on a monthly basis. Ventilation rates were monitored and occupant-related inputs were documented using a questionnaire. These data are compared with values calculated using HOTCAN 2.0, a microcomputer-based residential energy-analysis program., ACEEE 1986 Summer Study on Energy Efficiency in Buildings: 17 August 1986, Berkeley, California, USA

Published
1986

418. A study of the use of natural gas and electricity in Saskatchewan homes

Author

Hedlin, C. P. and ORR, H. W.

Subjects
natural gas, Heating, domestic use, gaz naturel, usage domestique, energie electrique, Chauffage, electricity (energie)
Abstract

A study was carried out on energy consumption in a number of Saskatchewan homes where natural gas and electricity are used for cooling, lighting, water and space heating and other domestic needs. Particular attention was given to energy use for space heating. In some parts of Saskatchewan, the Saskatchewan Power Corporation provides both natural gas and electricity to homes. Their records of consumption in about 1000 Regina homes in five districts within the city were used in this study. Annual average consumptions per house were found for each district. These ranged from 200 GJ (55 MW.h) to 235 GJ (65 MW.h). The rate at which purchased energy (natural gas plus electricity in these houses) is used varies with the season of the year, primarily owing to space heating requirements. When purchased energy consumption is plotted against heating degree-days, the relationship is usually nearly linear. The slope of this line and its ordinate intercept constitute an energy consumption characteristic for the house. This characteristic is affected by a variety of factors, including the heat loss characteristics of the house, the furnace efficiency and solar heat gain., Shelter : Proceedings of the 91st Annual Meeting of the Engineering Institute of Canada: 15 May 1977, Jasper, Alb., Canada

Published
1977

421. Modular simulation and optimization of an 12MW industrial gasifier

Author

Xavier Joulia, Pascal FLOQUET, Rodolphe Sardeing, Olivier Baudoin, Madeleine Vieville, Valérie Brousse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT (FRANCE), ProSim (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Europlasma (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Laboratoire de génie chimique [ancien site de Basso-Cambo] (LGC), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, and ProSim SA (FRANCE)

Subjects
[SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Ecologie, Environnement, Optimization, Energie électrique, Biodiversité et Ecologie, [SPI.NRJ]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electric power, Biochimie, Biologie Moléculaire, Modular simulation, [SDV.BBM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Synthesis gas, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Gasifier
Abstract

International audience; In this work, a flexible model, built from elementary modules, is developed for an industrial waste gasification process, in an industrial moving bed reactor located in Morcenx (France). This gasifier is able to treat more than 46,875 ton/year of RDF (Refused Derived Fuel) waste for producing 12 MW. Drying, pyrolysis, combustion / gasification and plasma polishing are used to convert waste directly into a synthesis gas composed of carbon monoxide and hydrogen. This synthesis gas is then used for producing electricity via gas engine.

422. Elucidating Curvature-Capacitance Relationships in Carbon-Based Supercapacitors

Author

Seebeck, Jannes, Merlet, Céline, Meißner, Robert H., Institute of Polymers and Composites [Hamburg], Technical University Hamburg Harburg [Hamburg], Centre interuniversitaire de recherche et d'ingenierie des matériaux (CIRIMAT), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT), Réseau sur le stockage électrochimique de l'énergie (RS2E), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris - Chimie ParisTech-PSL (ENSCP), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM), Université de Montpellier (UM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Collège de France (FRANCE), Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris - ENSCP (FRANCE), Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier - ENSCM (FRANCE), Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Grenoble - ICMG (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Université Paris Sciences & Lettres - PSL (FRANCE), Sorbonne Université (FRANCE), Université Grenoble Alpes - UGA (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Université de Nantes (FRANCE), Université de Picardie Jules Verne (FRANCE), Hamburg University of Technology - TUHH (GERMANY), Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour - UPPA (FRANCE), Université de Haute Alsace - UHA (FRANCE), Université de Montpellier (FRANCE), and Centre Interuniversitaire de Recherche et d'Ingénierie des Matériaux - CIRIMAT (Toulouse, France)

Subjects
Quasicrystalline structure, Energie électrique, Chemie [540], Electronic materials, Matériaux, Electrostatic double layer forces Physisorption, Chemie, General Physics and Astronomy, Electrostatic double layer forces, Capacitance, Capacitors, Condensed Matter::Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect, Charge, [CHIM.THEO]Chemical Sciences/Theoretical and/or physical chemistry, Batteries, Electrochemical properties, ddc:540, Physisorption, Confinement
Abstract

International audience; Nanoscale surface curvatures, either convex or concave, strongly influence the charging behavior of supercapacitors. Rationalizing individual influences of electrode atoms to the capacitance is possible by interpreting distinct elements of the charge-charge covariance matrix derived from individual charge variations of the electrode atoms. An ionic liquid solvated in acetonitrile and confined between two electrodes, each consisting of three undulated graphene layers, serves as a demonstrator to illustrate pronounced and nontrivial features of the capacitance with respect to the electrode curvature. In addition, the applied voltage determines whether a convex or concave surface contributes to increased capacitance. While at lower voltages capacitance variations are in general correlated with ion number density variations in the double layer formed in the concave region of the electrode, for certain electrode designs a surprisingly strong contribution of the convex part to the differential capacitance is found both at higher and lower voltages.

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423. A boundary integral equation method for the calculation of the effective permittivity of periodic composites

Author

Bruno Sareni, Abderrahmane Beroual, Laurent Krähenbühl, Alain Nicolas, Christian Brosseau, Centre de génie électrique de Lyon (CEGELY), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-École Centrale de Lyon (ECL), Université de Lyon-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon, Laboratoire électrotechnique et électronique industrielle (LEEI), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ampère (AMPERE), École Centrale de Lyon (ECL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire d'Electronique et Systèmes de Télécommunications (LEST), Université de Brest (UBO)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Télécommunications de Bretagne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon - INSA (FRANCE), Université de Bretagne Occidentale - UBO (FRANCE), Université Claude Bernard-Lyon I - UCBL (FRANCE), and Ecole Centrale de Lyon (FRANCE)

Subjects
Permittivity, Energie électrique, Materials science, Matériaux, Physics::Optics, 02 engineering and technology, Dielectric, Conductivity, 01 natural sciences, 0103 physical sciences, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Boundary element method, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, CONDUCTIVITY, 010302 applied physics, Lossless compression, Component (thermodynamics), Numerical analysis, Mathematical analysis, Effective permittivity, Periodic composites, 020206 networking & telecommunications, Integral equation, [INFO.INFO-MO]Computer Science [cs]/Modeling and Simulation, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, [SPI.ELEC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electromagnetism
Abstract

International audience; We present a numerical method based upon the resolution of boundary integral equations for the calculation of the effective permittivity of a lossless composite structure consisting of a two component mixture, each with its own dielectric anti shape characteristics. The topological arrangements considered are periodic lattices inhomogeneities. Our numerical simulations are compared to the effective medium approach and with results of previous works.

424. Investigations on Partial Discharges risk in aeronautical rotating machine fed by HVDC 540Vdc network

Author

Antoine Belinger, Thibaut Billard, David Malec, Bouazza Taghia, Jean-Pierre Carayon, Hubert Piquet, Pistre, Karine, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), IRT Saint Exupéry - Institut de Recherche Technologique (FRANCE), Laboratoire Plasma et Conversion d'Energie - LAPLACE (Toulouse, France), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT (FRANCE), IRT Saint Exupéry - Institut de Recherche Technologique, Groupe ENergie Electrique et SYStémique (LAPLACE-GENESYS), LAboratoire PLasma et Conversion d'Energie (LAPLACE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Matériaux Diélectriques dans la Conversion d’Energie (LAPLACE-MDCE), and Matériaux et Procédés Plasmas (LAPLACE-MPP)

Subjects
Adjustable Speed Drives, Energie électrique, Materials science, Partial Discharges, Electrical insulation paper, 02 engineering and technology, engineering.material, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, More Electric Aircraft, Fall time, 0103 physical sciences, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Overvoltage, SiC Inverter, 010302 applied physics, Magnet wire, business.industry, 020208 electrical & electronic engineering, [SPI.NRJ]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electric power, Electrical engineering, Insulated-gate bipolar transistor, Converters, IGBT Inverter, More Electrical Aircraft, Partial discharges, Rise time, Harness, engineering, business, Voltage, [SPI.NRJ] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electric power
Abstract

The voltage level aboard new aircraft generations has grown from 115V AC to 230V AC . This has given rise to a new HVDC +/- 270V instead of +270V. The Adjustable Speed Drives (ASD) aboard more electrical aircraft are currently fed by fast switching PWM IGBT converters which rise time and fall time are higher than 50ns. To improve the converters power density, the very fast Wide Bandgap semiconductor technologies (Silicon Carbide) are currently under evaluation; their switching rise time and fall time could be lower than 20ns. This paper, by using industrial ASD fed by 540Vdc, initially addresses an experimental investigations analysis of motor overvoltages according to: inverters technologies (IGBT and SiC), harness length and harness shielding. Then, investigations on the Partial Discharges Inception Voltage (PDIV) are carried out on primary components of Electrical Insulation System (EIS) type 1 at atmospheric and reduced pressures, according to several parameters: magnet wire (MW) diameter, MW grade, polyimide insulating paper thickness. The paper concludes with a discussion of the different results and thoughts about overvoltages and partial discharges challenges.

425. From an integrated optimal design to a systemic optimization of a stand alone passive wind turbine system with storage

Author

Bruno Sareni, Amine Jaafar, Xavier Roboam, Malek Belouda, Jamel Belhadj, Université de Tunis - El Manar II, Université de Tunis El Manar (UTM), Groupe ENergie Electrique et SYStémique (LAPLACE-GENESYS), LAboratoire PLasma et Conversion d'Energie (LAPLACE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Université de Tunis - El Manar (TUNISIA), Laboratoire Plasma et Conversion d'Energie - LAPLACE (Toulouse, France), and Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT (FRANCE)

Subjects
Battery (electricity), Optimal design, Engineering, Energie électrique, Optimization problem, 020209 energy, Systemic optimization, 02 engineering and technology, 7. Clean energy, Turbine, Automotive engineering, Passive wind turbine, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Owning cost, Battery cycles, Simulation, Wind power, business.industry, [SPI.NRJ]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electric power, Process (computing), 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Sizing, System requirements, Integrated Optimal Design, 0210 nano-technology, business
Abstract

International audience; In this paper, the authors report the development of a Systemic Optimization Process (SOP) devoted to a passive wind turbine system with electrochemical storage bank. Aim of the SOP is to find the optimal combination and sizing among sets of system components, that meets the desired system requirements with the lowest system owning cost. The passive wind system associated to the storage bank interacts with wind and load cycles (deterministic data). Sets of passive wind turbines are obtained through an Integrated Optimal Design (IOD) process. The system cost model is inspired from constructor data for the wind turbines and related to the battery cycles for the storage bank. An optimization problem is developed and performed using an exhaustive search. The optimization results are finally exposed and discussed

426. Systemic design of multidisciplinary electrical energy devices: A pedagogical approach

Author

Fontes, G., Bruno Sareni, Roboam, X., Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), and Pagès, Nathalie

Subjects
Causality, Energie électrique, Hybrid system, Fuel cell, Storage, Bond graph, Super capacitor, Electro hydrostatic actuator, Education project, [SPI.NRJ] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electric power
Abstract

In this paper, we present a complete educative project for illustrating the design and the analysis of hybrid electrical systems. It is based on the study of an ElectroHydrostatic Actuator for flight control application, fed by a power supply associating a PEM fuel cell with a ultracapacitor storage. This system is controlled to achieve a typical energy management strategy of this multi source structure. Step by step, student can faces typical issues relative to the design of heterogenous and multidisciplinary devices by achieving eight pedagogical objectives. These eight targets are focused on methodological approach for multi domain modelling (Bond Graphs), causal analysis, but also on simulation of complex heterogeneous systems. A typical hybrid system feeding an ElectroHydrostatic Actuator (EHA) for flight control application has to be designed which drives students towards other pedagogical objectives: system based device sizing (fuel cell and ultracapacitor), energy management, system analysis.

427. A multilevel double loop approach for the design of onboard flight networks

Author

Djamel Hadbi, Nicolas Retière, Frédéric Wurtz, Xavier ROBOAM, Bruno Sareni, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Université Joseph Fourier Grenoble 1 - UJF (FRANCE), Laboratoire de Génie Electrique de Grenoble (G2ELab), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology, LAboratoire PLasma et Conversion d'Energie (LAPLACE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Groupe ENergie Electrique et SYStémique (LAPLACE-GENESYS), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT (FRANCE)

Subjects
Integrated design, [SPI.ELEC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electromagnetism, Energie électrique, Collaborative multilevel optimization, [SPI.NRJ]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electric power, Electromagnétisme, Electronique, [SPI.TRON]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electronics, Embedded electrical system
Abstract

International audience; After testing different existing design methods for complex problems, we have concluded that a good approach based on system decomposition must coordinate the design process of components to reach the system optimum. In this paper, we present a multilevel collaborative approach for designing complex systems based on several loops (here 2). A system level optimization loop added to lead optimizations of components at their optimal solutions. This method was applied to the sizing of a simplified embedded electric network with single source–load configuration.

428. Mono inverter dual parallel PMSM - Structure and Control strategy

Author

M. Pietrzak-David, Damien Bidart, Pascal Maussion, Maurice Fadel, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Pagès, Nathalie, and Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE)

Subjects
Energie électrique, Mutualisation, Rotor (electric), Computer science, Oscillation, Power inverter, Dual inverter, DC motor, law.invention, Quantitative Biology::Subcellular Processes, Control theory, law, Control, PMSM, Torque, Inverter, Synchronous motor, Induction motor, Voltage, [SPI.NRJ] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electric power
Abstract

This paper presents a dual parallel connected PMSM fed by a single power inverter. Both motors have to respect the synchronism even if they have different load torque. The rotor position of the two motors that is to say the load applied on each motor are consequently permanently compared. The motor with the highest load is set as the master one and is auto-piloted. The other one which has the same applied voltage has the same electric pulsation and so the same speed rotation. The change of the master choice is done whereas the load applied on the machine is changing so that oscillations appear during this change. The steady state is however rapidly attained and the synchronism stays always observed.

429. Comparison of Direct Multiobjective Optimization Methods for the Design of Electric Vehicles

Author

Jeremi Regnier, Xavier Roboam, Bruno Sareni, Yan Fefermann, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT (FRANCE), Laboratoire électrotechnique et électronique industrielle (LEEI), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE)

Subjects
Optimization, Mathematical optimization, Engineering, Energie électrique, business.product_category, Design, Evolutionary algorithm, 0102 computer and information sciences, 02 engineering and technology, Electric vehicle, Evolutionary algorithms, 01 natural sciences, Multi-objective optimization, Engineering optimization, Robustness (computer science), 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Optimisation et contrôle, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, business.industry, [SPI.NRJ]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electric power, Pareto principle, Control engineering, Heterogeneous systems, Motor drive, 010201 computation theory & mathematics, Systems design, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, [MATH.MATH-OC]Mathematics [math]/Optimization and Control [math.OC], Hooke & Jeeves, business
Abstract

International audience; "System design oriented methodologies" are discussed in this paper through the comparison of multiobjective optimization methods applied to heterogeneous devices in electrical engineering. Avoiding criteria function derivatives, direct optimization algorithms are used. In particular, deterministic geometric methods such as the Hooke & Jeeves heuristic approach are compared with stochastic evolutionary algorithms (Pareto genetic algorithms). Different issues relative to convergence rapidity and robustness on mixed (continuous/discrete), constrained and multiobjective problems are discussed. A typical electrical engineering heterogeneous and multidisciplinary system is considered as a case study: the motor drive of an electric vehicle. Some results emphasize the capacity of each approach to facilitate system analysis and particularly to display couplings between optimization parameters, constraints, objectives and the driving mission.

430. Niching genetic algorithms for optimization in electromagnetics - II. Shape optimization of electrodes using the CSM

Author

Bruno Sareni, D. Muller, Laurent Krähenbühl, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon - INSA (FRANCE), Université Claude Bernard-Lyon I - UCBL (FRANCE), Ecole Centrale de Lyon (FRANCE), Centre de génie électrique de Lyon (CEGELY), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-École Centrale de Lyon (ECL), Université de Lyon-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon, Laboratoire électrotechnique et électronique industrielle (LEEI), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ampère (AMPERE), École Centrale de Lyon (ECL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), and Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)

Subjects
[SPI.OTHER]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Other, 0209 industrial biotechnology, Energie électrique, Electromagnetics, Computer science, niching, Electromagnétisme, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, genetic algorithms, 020901 industrial engineering & automation, Shape optimization, Hardware_GENERAL, 0103 physical sciences, Genetic algorithm, penalty techniques, Equipotential, Point (geometry), Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Constrained optimization, Electrodes, 010302 applied physics, charge simulation method, Genetic algorithms, Electrostatics, [INFO.INFO-MO]Computer Science [cs]/Modeling and Simulation, constrained optimization, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, electrodes, [SPI.ELEC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electromagnetism, Niching, shape optimization, Benchmark (computing), Electric potential, [MATH.MATH-OC]Mathematics [math]/Optimization and Control [math.OC], Penalty techniques, Charge simulation method, Algorithm
Abstract

For pt.I see ibid., vol.34, no.5, pp.2984-7 (1998). In this paper, we present a new approach for automatic design of electrodes. The investigated method consists in identifying an optimal shape from an optimal equipotential resulting from a system of point charges. The electric field and potential are computed using the point charge simulation method. Niching genetic algorithms and constrained optimization techniques are applied to the electrode benchmark in order to find multiple optimal profiles.

431. Optimal sizing integrating power management for a microgrid with storage

Author

Rémy Rigo-Mariani, Bruno Sareni, Xavier Roboam, LAboratoire PLasma et Conversion d'Energie (LAPLACE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Groupe ENergie Electrique et SYStémique (LAPLACE-GENESYS), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), and Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT (FRANCE)

Subjects
Energie électrique, Kriging, Microgrid, Linear programming, [SPI.NRJ]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electric power, Optimal sizing, Efficient global optimization
Abstract

International audience; The paper presents an optimal design process for a microgrid with an industrial load associated to a photovoltaic power plant and a storage unit based on high speed flywheel. The power management is simplified with a fast linear programming algorithm which allows simulating the whole system over a long period of time integrating both operating and sizing loops. The overall design procedure is led by the Efficient Global Optimization that interpolates the objective function with a kriging technique. Then, the optimal sizes for both storage and PV production are found in a reduced number of objective function evaluations.

432. Integrated optimal design and sensitivity analysis of a stand alone wind turbine system with storage for rural electrification

Author

Amine Jaafar, Xavier Roboam, Malek Belouda, Jamel Belhadj, Bruno Sareni, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Université de Tunis - El Manar (TUNISIA), Université de Tunis (TUNISIA), Laboratoire des Systèmes Electriques - LSE (Tunis, Tunisie), Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Tunis (ENIT), Université de Tunis El Manar (UTM)-Université de Tunis El Manar (UTM), Groupe ENergie Electrique et SYStémique (LAPLACE-GENESYS), LAboratoire PLasma et Conversion d'Energie (LAPLACE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, and Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT (FRANCE)

Subjects
Optimal design, Engineering, Energie électrique, Total cost of ownership, 020209 energy, 02 engineering and technology, 7. Clean energy, Turbine, Automotive engineering, Wind speed, Integrated optimal design, Passive wind turbine, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Sensitivity (control systems), Rural electrification, Battery cycles, Simulation, Wind power, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, business.industry, 020208 electrical & electronic engineering, [SPI.NRJ]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electric power, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, Sizing, System requirements, Environnement et Société, business, Sensitivity analysis
Abstract

International audience; In this paper, the authors investigate a robust Integrated Optimal Design (IOD) devoted to a passive wind turbine system with electrochemical storage bank: this stand alone system is dedicated to rural electrification. The aim of the IOD is to find the optimal combination and sizing among a set of system components that fulfils system requirements with the lowest system Total Cost of Ownership (TCO). The passive wind system associated with the storage bank interacts with wind speed and load cycles. A set of passive wind turbines spread on a convenient power range (2 - 16 kW) are obtained through an IOD process at the device level detailed in previous papers. The system cost model is based on data sheets for the wind turbines and related to battery cycles for the storage bank. From the range of wind turbines, a "system level" optimization problem is stated and solved using an exhaustive search. The optimization results are finally exposed and discussed through a sensitivity analysis in order to extract the most robust solution versus environmental data variations among a set of good solutions.

433. La conversion d'énergie électrique pour le stockage

Author

Rufer, A.

Subjects
supercondensateurs, batteries, stockage, énergie électrique, volants d'inertie, bobines à supraconducteurs
Abstract

Des systèmes modernes de stockage d'énergie électrique peuvent être développés sur la base d’éléments tels que les bobines à supraconducteurs, les batteries, les volants d'inertie, ou plus récemment sur la base de supercondensateurs. Pour des applications réelles, ces moyens de stockage peuvent être utilisés de façon complémentaire et seront interconnectés par des systèmes d'électronique de puissance moderne. Un choix de complémentarité en termes de puissance instantanée disponible et de quantité d'énergie stockée permet de réaliser aussi bien des systèmes d'appoint aux réseaux de distribution que d’augmenter les performances des systèmes d'alimentation de véhicules électriques par exemple. L’interconnexion des systèmes de stockage complémentaires, et plus particulierement la gestion des flux de puissance, nécessite également de prévoir des circuits de réglage adéquats, où l’on rencontre la notion de fonctionnalité transférée.

434. Alimentation électrique des dispositifs à décharge à barrière diélectrique (DBD)

Author

Xavier Bonnin, Hubert Piquet, Nicolas Naudé, Nicolas Gherardi, Jean-Marc Blaquière, LAboratoire PLasma et Conversion d'Energie (LAPLACE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Groupe ENergie Electrique et SYStémique (LAPLACE-GENESYS), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Matériaux et Procédés Plasmas (LAPLACE-MPP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), and Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE)

Subjects
Dielectric Barrier Discharge, Energie électrique, Barrière diélectrique, Electric Discharge Power Supply, [SPI.NRJ]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electric power, Aiguilleur de courant, Source de courant, DBD, Pression atmosphérique, Transformateur élévateur
Abstract

L’utilisation d’une Décharge contrôlée par Barrière Diélectrique (DBD) permet d’obtenir un plasma froid à pression atmosphérique dont une des utilisations est le traitement de surface. Actuellement, de tels dispositifs sont alimentés par des sources de tension variable (amplitude, fréquence) : la décharge obtenue est le plus souvent filamentaire (défavorable à la qualité du traitement de surface), notamment lorsque l’on souhaite transmettre une puissance élevée. Des études récentes menées pour l’alimentation de lampes à excimères [1] ont montré l’intérêt de remplacer la source de tension par une source de courant, afin d’obtenir la décharge sur une plus grande plage de puissance et de fréquence, de disposer de degrés de liberté permettant le contrôle de la puissance transmise. Cet article est dédié à l’étude théorique et expérimentale d’une structure d’alimentation électrique de ce type.

435. Unified sizing model approach for radial and axial flux permanent magnet machines

Author

Yvan Lefèvre, Théo Carpi, Maxime Bonnet, Sarah Touhami, Jean-François Llibre, LAboratoire PLasma et Conversion d'Energie (LAPLACE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Groupe de Recherches en Electrodynamique (LAPLACE-GREM3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), and Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE)

Subjects
010302 applied physics, Energie électrique, Radial flux machines - Sizing model, Computer science, Sinusoidal machines, 020208 electrical & electronic engineering, [SPI.NRJ]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electric power, Magnetic separation, Mechanical engineering, Axial flux machines, 02 engineering and technology, Atmospheric model, 01 natural sciences, Sizing, Finite element method, law.invention, law, Magnet, 0103 physical sciences, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Axial flux, Armature (electrical engineering), Radial flux machines -Sizing model
Abstract

International audience; Sizing equations of radial and axial electrical machines are developed. From these equations, the main geometrical parameters of the machines are obtained from the specifications and the loads. Analytical models of the open circuit and armature reaction fields are set up and associated to the sizing equations. This results in more accurate sizing equations. An axial and a radial flux motors are sized for the same loads and the same specifications to check the effectiveness of the sizing approach. Eventually Finite Element Analysis results validate the analytical models. Index Terms-axial flux machines, radial flux machines, sizing model, sinusoidal machines.

436. Integrated optimal design of a photovoltaic/wind system for electricity and water production

Author

Malek Zaibi, Gérard Champenois, Bruno Sareni, Xavier Roboam, Jamel Belhadj, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Ecole Nationale Supérieure d’Ingénieurs de Poitiers - ENSIP (FRANCE), Université de Tunis - El Manar (TUNISIA), Laboratoire d'Informatique et d'Automatique pour les Systèmes (LIAS), Université de Poitiers-ENSMA, Laboratoire des Systèmes Electriques - LSE (Tunis, Tunisie), Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Tunis (ENIT), Université de Tunis El Manar (UTM)-Université de Tunis El Manar (UTM), Groupe ENergie Electrique et SYStémique (LAPLACE-GENESYS), LAboratoire PLasma et Conversion d'Energie (LAPLACE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, and Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE)

Subjects
Optimization, Energie électrique, Renewable Energies, Battery Storage, Hydraulic Storage, [SPI.NRJ]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electric power, System Design, Reverse Osmosis
Abstract

International audience; This paper investigates the integrated optimal design of a hybrid PV/wind generator coupled with two kinds of storage i.e. electric (battery) and hydraulic (tanks) devices for the production of electricity and drinking water in remote areas. Taking account wind and PV potentials in such system for assessing its performance implies its simulation over long periods of time. This can drastically increase the CPU time cost related to the design step, especially if the system energy management and sizing are sequentially integrated into a two level optimization process. In order to solve this problem and accelerate the system simulation, two complementary approaches are suggested. On one hand, metamodels are used for representing the system constraints and objectives. On the other hand, PV and wind cycles are compacted with a synthesis procedure which preserves their influence on the system performance with regard to the reference data. Those approaches are applied to the grey energy optimization of the studied hybrid system.

437. Hybrid Regional Aircraft: A Comparative Review of New Potentials Enabled by Electric Power

Author

Dimitri Leray, Marc Budinger, Guillaume Barraud, Xavier Roboam, Bruno Sareni, Jerome Thauvin, Airbus (FRANCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Institut Clément Ader - ICA (Toulouse, France), Airbus Operation S.A.S., Airbus [France], Institut Clément Ader (ICA), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux (IMT Mines Albi), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO), Groupe ENergie Electrique et SYStémique (LAPLACE-GENESYS), LAboratoire PLasma et Conversion d'Energie (LAPLACE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux (IMT Mines Albi), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3)

Subjects
Power management, Energie électrique, Engineering, Energy storage, Distributed electric propulsion, Propeller (aeronautics), ComputerApplications_COMPUTERSINOTHERSYSTEMS, Thrust, 02 engineering and technology, Propulsion, Boundary layer ingestion, 7. Clean energy, 0203 mechanical engineering, 0502 economics and business, Wing-tip mounted propeller, Aerospace engineering, Differential thrust, 050210 logistics & transportation, 020301 aerospace & aeronautics, Hybrid propulsion, business.industry, [SPI.NRJ]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electric power, 05 social sciences, Aerodynamics, Electricity generation, Gas turbine, Electric power, business
Abstract

International audience; This article assesses the benefits of hybridization within the regional aircraft scale using a conventional twin-turbo propeller aircraft as reference. For a fair comparison, this reference aircraft was designed assuming a 2035 technology level. The propulsion system of the reference aircraft is analyzed along the mission and the phases of flight with low efficiencies are highlighted. Then the potential benefits of new power management through the use of secondary power generation systems but also through the variation of the size of prime movers are presented and discussed. In particular, the effect of the gas turbine size on its efficiency is studied. Finally, the article focuses on aerodynamic improvements enabled by new propeller or fan integrations and the associated concepts such as differential thrust, blown wing and boundary layer ingestion. For each topic, simplified analyses provide estimated potential of energy saving. These results can be used as indicators for selecting the most promising hybrid architecture concepts for a regional aircraft.

438. Impact of soc variations on the battery bank sizing of a stand-alone system fed by a passive wind turbine

Author

Belouda, M., Bruno Sareni, Roboam, X., Belhadj, J., Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Université de Tunis - El Manar (TUNISIA), and Laboratoire Plasma et Conversion d'Energie - LAPLACE (Toulouse, France)

Subjects
Wind energy systems,energy storage,battery sizing,mixed reduced model,full analytic model,SOC variations, Energie électrique, Wind energy systems, Energy storage, Battery sizing, SOC variations, Mixed reduced model, Full analytic model
Abstract

In this paper, the authors compare and analyse two passive wind turbine system models in order to show their equivalence through a storage bank sizing procedures. The main differences between both models reside in the design accuracy and the computational time needed for each model to simulate the wind turbine system behaviour. On the one hand, a first “mixed reduced model” neglects the electrical mode effect and assumes that the DC battery bus voltage is constant (i.e. invariable State Of Charge: SOC). On the other hand, the second “full analytic model” couples SOC fluctuations (i.e. bus voltage variations) in the whole system. When compared to the second model, the “mixed reduced model” allows reducing computational time, which is a major factor in the context of systemic design by optimization. The analysis is performed to put in evidence the correspondence between both sizing approaches with the two corresponding models. The results are finally discussed from the point of view of the compromise design accuracy and computational time reduction. In this paper, the authors compare and analyse two passive wind turbine system models in order to show their equivalence through a storage bank sizing procedures. The main differences between both models reside in the design accuracy and the computational time needed for each model to simulate the wind turbine system behaviour. On the one hand, a first “mixed reduced model” neglects the electrical mode effect and assumes that the DC battery bus voltage is constant (i.e. invariable State Of Charge: SOC). On the other hand, the second “full analytic model” couples SOC fluctuations (i.e. bus voltage variations) in the whole system. When compared to the second model, the “mixed reduced model” allows reducing computational time, which is a major factor in the context of systemic design by optimization. The analysis is performed to put in evidence the correspondence between both sizing approaches with the two corresponding models. The results are finally discussed from the point of view of the compromise design accuracy and computational time reduction.. Do not use abbreviations in the title unless they are unavoidable.

439. Surrogate-based diagnosis of mechanical faults in induction motor from stator current measurements

Author

marie chabert, Baptiste Trajin, Jérémi Régnier, Jean Faucher, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès - UT2J (FRANCE), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole - UT1 (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT (FRANCE), Signal et Communications (IRIT-SC), Institut de recherche en informatique de Toulouse (IRIT), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), LAboratoire PLasma et Conversion d'Energie (LAPLACE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), COmmande et DIAgnostic des Systèmes Electriques (LAPLACE-CODIASE), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3)

Subjects
Energie électrique, [SPI.NRJ]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electric power, Amplitude and Phase Modulation, Surrogate Data Technique, Stator Current Analysis, Induction Machine
Abstract

International audience; This paper focuses on induction motor monitoring based on stator current measurements. The diagnosis aims at identifying the mechanical faults related to either airgap eccentricity or load torque oscillation. The airgap eccentricity (respectively load torque oscillation) essentially results in an amplitude (respectively phase) modulation of the stator current. Classical spectral analysis allows for the detection but not for the discrimination of these modulations. Time-frequency representations, such as the spectrogram or the Wigner distribution, provide appropriate signatures for fault discrimination. This paper proposes to perform the decision task from the time-frequency representation using the surrogate data technique. In a deterministic context, the phase and amplitude modulations can be considered as non-stationarities since they correspond to time-variations of the signal spectral content. The detection of a modulation is expressed as a binary hypothesis test. The null hypothesis corresponds to a signal without modulation. Stationarized/unmodulated replicas of the observed (possibly modulated) signal are obtained by phase randomization of its Fourier transform. These so-called surrogates provide a reference for the null hypothesis. The observed signal is then compared to these surrogates using appropriate distances in the time-frequency domain. A one-class classifier may be used considering the surrogates as a learning set. This classifier detects outliers corresponding to the modulation and thus to the failures. Moreover, this technique provides the information concerning the predominant type of modulation. This diagnosis method will be tested on simulated and experimental signals.

440. Hybrid Propulsion for Regional Aircraft: a Comparative Analysis based on Energy Efficiency

Author

Dimitri Leray, Xavier Roboam, Marc Budinger, Guillaume Barraud, Jerome Thauvin, Bruno Sareni, Airbus [France], Groupe ENergie Electrique et SYStémique (LAPLACE-GENESYS), LAboratoire PLasma et Conversion d'Energie (LAPLACE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Institut Clément Ader (ICA), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux (IMT Mines Albi), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Airbus (FRANCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Ecole nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux - IMT Mines Albi (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT (FRANCE), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Toulouse - INSA (FRANCE), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace - ISAE-SUPAERO (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Laboratoire Plasma et Conversion d'Energie - LAPLACE (Toulouse, France), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux (IMT Mines Albi), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), and Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE)

Subjects
Energie électrique, Engineering, Energy storage, Energy management, 020209 energy, Distributed electric propulsion, ComputerApplications_COMPUTERSINOTHERSYSTEMS, 02 engineering and technology, 7. Clean energy, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Aerospace engineering, Hybrid propulsion, business.industry, 020208 electrical & electronic engineering, Power management, [SPI.NRJ]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electric power, Potential energy, Energy recovering, Gas turbine, Train, Transient (oscillation), Descent (aeronautics), business, Energy (signal processing), Efficient energy use
Abstract

International audience; This article assesses the potential benefits of transient energy storage for a hybrid regional aircraft. The mission profile of a reference aircraft is analyzed according to energetic intermittence and the results are compared to typical figures for cars, trains, and ships. Also, the opportunity of recovering energy in descent and during landing is studied. This article shows that energy saving potential brought by transient energy storage is much smaller than for ground-based transportation. In addition, energy recovering does not bring benefit on a hybrid aircraft in normal operation. Nevertheless, the best energy management strategies in descent are highlighted and the use of a hybrid propulsion system in this phase shows significant potential energy savings. Finally, the article addresses other strategies enabled by hybrid propulsion to improve the aircraft energy efficiency.

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