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Recently, memristive Hopfield neural networks (MHNNs) have received considerable attention in designing chaotic systems with complex dynamics because of their distinctive connectivity structures and memory properties. However, the literature rarely reports on the integration of discrete memristors with HNNs and the subsequent observation of their dynamical behavior. Based on the synaptic plasticity of memristors, this paper constructs a novel three-dimensional discrete memristive Hopfield neural network (3DDMHNN) model based on discrete memristor simulating self-synapse. Such a new neural network can exhibit chaotic attractors with different topological structures. Analysis reveals that the phase diagrams produced by the 3DDMHNN display several phenomena, including the formation of multi-ringlike volumes, attractor growth, hyperchaotic attractors, periodic offset behavior, and infinite coexistence of initial value offset behavior. To confirm the physical existence and feasibility of the 3DDMHNN, a simulation circuit incorporating a discrete sinusoidal memristor and the 3DDMHNN was designed. Meanwhile, the 3DDMHNN is realized based on a DSP hardware platform. With the pseudo-randomness of the 3DDMHNN confirmed by relevant tests, the potential directions for its future applications have been significantly broadened. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The absolute quantization range of the successive approximation register (SAR) ADC is impacted by nonideality parameters like offset and gain error, which can make its performance at a lower level in high resolution applications. To decrease the conversion range error in ADC's systems, this article proposes a static offset and an embedded gain error correction method. The proposed methods mainly include three stages: error modeling, error detection, and correction stages for both gain and offset. The main motivations for this method are simplicity, speed, and adaptability. To evaluate the accuracy, the technique of sinusoidal signals was used as the analog input signal. Gain error is reduced by 0.95% and the offsets are reduced by 98.7%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Surface offsetting is a crucial operation in digital geometry processing and computer-aided design, where an offset is defined as an iso-value surface of the distance field. A challenge emerges as even smooth surfaces can exhibit sharp features in their offsets due to the non-differentiable characteristics of the underlying distance field. Prevailing approaches to the offsetting problem involve approximating the distance field and then extracting the iso-surface. However, even with dual contouring (DC), there is a risk of degrading sharp feature points/lines due to the inaccurate discretization of the distance field. This issue is exacerbated when the input is a piecewise-linear triangle mesh. This study is inspired by the observation that a triangle-based distance field, unlike the complex distance field rooted at the entire surface, remains smooth across the entire 3D space except at the triangle itself. With a polygonal surface comprising n triangles, the final distance field for accommodating the offset surface is determined by minimizing these n triangle-based distance fields. In implementation, our approach starts by tetrahedralizing the space around the offset surface, enabling a tetrahedron-wise linear approximation for each triangle-based distance field. The final offset surface within a tetrahedral range can be traced by slicing the tetrahedron with planes. As illustrated in the teaser figure, a key advantage of our algorithm is its ability to precisely preserve sharp features. Furthermore, this paper addresses the problem of simplifying the offset surface's complexity while preserving sharp features, formulating it as a maximal-clique problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The sleeve valve is a crucial component of the integrated water distributor utilised in offshore oilfields for waterflooding. Spool offset is highly correlated with sticking. However, the existing design does not consider the opening frequency, leading to elevated offset and deviating from the design goal. Therefore, a novel design method is proposed herein. The frequency of operation opening is categorised into the primary and the secondary operating conditions. The sensitivity of design parameters was identified using Morris sensitivity analysis, and genetic algorithms were used to optimise target variables for different operating conditions. The simulation results show that an average of 65.06% reduces the offset, and an average of 19.5% increases the mass flow rate. In particular, the offsets are near zero under the primary working condition. This approach can offer significant guidance for valve design under unique operation conditions of openings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Optimal sagittal alignment of the femoral prosthesis is critical to the success of total knee arthroplasty (TKA). While robotic-assisted TKA can improve alignment accuracy, the efficacy of default femoral alignment versus individualized alignment remains under scrutiny. This study aimed to compare the differences in prosthetic alignment, anatomical restoration, and clinical outcomes between individualized femoral sagittal alignment and default sagittal alignment in robotic-assisted TKA. Methods In a prospective randomised controlled trial, 113 patients (120 knees) underwent robotic-assisted TKA were divided into two groups: 61 with individualized femoral flexion (individualized alignment group) and 59 with default 3–5° flexion (default alignment group). The individualized alignment was based on the distal femoral sagittal anteverted angle (DFSAA), defined as the angle between the mechanical and distal anatomical axes of the femur. The radiographic and clinical outcomes were compared. Results Despite similar postoperative femoral flexion angles between groups (P = 0.748), the individualized alignment group exhibited significantly lower incidences of femoral prosthesis extension and higher rates of optimal 0–3° prosthesis flexion (9.8% vs. 27.1%, P = 0.014,78.7% vs. 55.9%, p = 0.008, respectively). The individualized alignment group also demonstrated more favourable changes in sagittal anatomy, with higher maintenance of postoperative anterior femoral offset within 1 mm (54.1% vs. 33.9%, P = 0.026) and posterior condylar offset within 1 mm and 2 mm (44.3% vs. 25.4%, p = 0.031,73.8% vs. 50.8%, p = 0.010, respectively). Although slight improvement in the Hospital for Special Surgery Knee Score (HSS) at three months was observed (P = 0.045), it did not reach a minimal clinically important difference. Conclusion Individualized tailoring of femoral sagittal alignment in robotic-assisted total knee arthroplasty (TKA) enhances prosthetic alignment and anatomical restoration, suggesting potential improvements in postoperative outcomes.

In order to solve the problems of traditional orchard-specific green manure crushing and returning machines, such as the single operation effect, root system damage, unsustainable green manure growth, and low utilization rate, an offset crushing–furrowing–burying–straw-returning machine was designed for green manures in orchards. Based on quadratic regression combination experiments, the Discrete Element Method (EDEM) was used to construct a discrete element model simulating the deep furrowing and burying processes of the furrowing and soil-covering device, where the advance speed, plow-shaped furrowing blade rotation speed, and furrowing depth were considered as experimental factors and the coverage rate was taken as an evaluation index, and then simulation analyses were carried out to obtain experimental data; Design-Expert was used to perform ANOVA and RSM analyses, thus finding that its optimal working parameter portfolio consists of the advance speed of 42 m/min, the furrowing blade rotation speed of 300 r/min, and the furrowing depth of 190 mm, and that the coverage rate is 95.82% when this parameter portfolio is applied. Field experiments were conducted to validate the optimal parameter portfolio. The experimental results show that with an average coverage rate of 90.87% (4.95% away from the optimal value based on the simulation experiments on average), an average crushing length qualification rate of 91.24%, and an average root system damage rate of 5.6%, this device is applicable for its operation conditions. The development of this machine and the construction of its parameter model can provide a certain reference value for developing and optimizing related machines including green manure-returning machines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the launch of the Belt and Road Initiative, many studies have analysed Beijing's geoeconomic diplomacy. However, analysis has principally focused on the investment and financial aspects, ignoring the strategic dimensions of military technology exports and the means of financing them. This paper seeks to fill this scholarship gap by critically exploring Chinese defence countertrade deals, especially barter and offset, as a component of geoeconomic diplomacy. The findings suggest that while China's geoeconomic diplomacy reflects traditional Western mercantilist goals, it also displays uniquely Chinese characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: Total hip arthroplasty (THA) requires accurate implant placement to ensure optimal outcomes. In this study, the AR Hip navigation system, an imageless portable navigation tool using augmented reality (AR), was evaluated for measuring radiographic inclination (RI), anteversion (RA), leg lengthening (LL), and offset (OS) changes in supine and lateral decubitus THA. Notably, this is the first report to assess the accuracy of LL and OS measurements using AR technology. Methods: We analyzed 48 hips from primary THA patients: 17 in the supine (S) group and 31 in the lateral (L) group. RI, RA, LL, and OS were measured intraoperatively using AR Hip and postoperatively using Zed Hip 3D software (Version 18.0.0.0). The absolute errors and outlier rates (≥5° for RI/RA and ≥5 mm for LL/OS) were compared between groups. Results: The mean intraoperative RI values with AR Hip were 40.1 ± 0.6° (S), 40.2 ± 1.2° (L), and 40.1 ± 1.0° (total), while the postoperative RI values with Zed Hip were 39.7 ± 2.9° (S), 39.5 ± 2.5° (L), and 39.6 ± 2.6° (total). The absolute errors were 1.8 ± 1.7° (total), with no significant group differences (p = 0.957). For RA, the errors were 2.0 ± 1.2° (total) (p = 0.771). The LL errors were 2.3 ± 2.2 mm (total) (p = 0.271), and the OS errors were 3.5 ± 2.8 mm (total) (p = 0.620). The outlier rates for RI were 11.8% (S) and 3.2% (L); for RA, 0% (S) and 3.2% (L); for LL, 29.4% (S) and 6.5% (L) with a significant difference (p = 0.031); and for OS, 23.5% (S) and 25.8% (L). No significant differences were observed for RI, RA, or OS. Conclusions: AR Hip provided accurate measurements of cup orientation, LL, and OS in both supine and lateral THA. Importantly, this study is the first to report the accuracy of LL and OS measurements using AR technology, demonstrating the potential of AR Hip for improving THA precision. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the laser and arc are shifted laterally to change the position and energy distribution of arc discharge, which provides a new idea and theoretical basis for solving the narrow gap welding defects of titanium alloy thick plate. In this study, the effect of transverse offset distance between laser and arc (DLAP) on the discharge characteristics of hybrid heat source coupling and the flow characteristics of molten pool was studied by using the welding method of plate surfacing. The dynamic behavior of the arc plasma, the molten pool, and the keyhole was monitored in real time, and the plasma spectral information was collected to analyze its energy distribution characteristics. The results show that under different DLAP conditions, the charged plasma of the hybrid heat source has two different states: strong coupling state and separation state. When DLAP = 2 mm, the plasma at the center of the keyhole has the strongest spectral intensity, the lowest electron temperature, and the highest electron density, which are 15174, 9546 K, and 1.88 × 1017/cm3, respectively. At this time, the weld pool and keyhole have the maximum arc pressure and Marangoni force, resulting in an increase in the flow velocity of the weld pool and an increase in the area of the weld pool. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a comprehensive review of the state-of-art high-speed dynamic comparators. The comparator is a critical block of high-speed, low-power analog-to-digital converters, determining the speed and overall power consumption. Therefore, the design of a high-speed comparator with tolerable offset, noise and power consumption is of utmost importance. Recent work reported on high-speed comparator topologies is investigated in detail with the help of simulations in 65 nm CMOS technology. Various parameters, such as delay, energy consumption, speed, offset, kickback noise, power delay product, etc., are compared. A detailed comparative study is also presented on several design methodologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Optimal sagittal alignment of the femoral prosthesis is critical to the success of total knee arthroplasty (TKA). While robotic-assisted TKA can improve alignment accuracy, the efficacy of default femoral alignment versus individualized alignment remains under scrutiny. This study aimed to compare the differences in prosthetic alignment, anatomical restoration, and clinical outcomes between individualized femoral sagittal alignment and default sagittal alignment in robotic-assisted TKA. Methods: In a prospective randomised controlled trial, 113 patients (120 knees) underwent robotic-assisted TKA were divided into two groups: 61 with individualized femoral flexion (individualized alignment group) and 59 with default 3–5° flexion (default alignment group). The individualized alignment was based on the distal femoral sagittal anteverted angle (DFSAA), defined as the angle between the mechanical and distal anatomical axes of the femur. The radiographic and clinical outcomes were compared. Results: Despite similar postoperative femoral flexion angles between groups (P = 0.748), the individualized alignment group exhibited significantly lower incidences of femoral prosthesis extension and higher rates of optimal 0–3° prosthesis flexion (9.8% vs. 27.1%, P = 0.014,78.7% vs. 55.9%, p = 0.008, respectively). The individualized alignment group also demonstrated more favourable changes in sagittal anatomy, with higher maintenance of postoperative anterior femoral offset within 1 mm (54.1% vs. 33.9%, P = 0.026) and posterior condylar offset within 1 mm and 2 mm (44.3% vs. 25.4%, p = 0.031,73.8% vs. 50.8%, p = 0.010, respectively). Although slight improvement in the Hospital for Special Surgery Knee Score (HSS) at three months was observed (P = 0.045), it did not reach a minimal clinically important difference. Conclusion: Individualized tailoring of femoral sagittal alignment in robotic-assisted total knee arthroplasty (TKA) enhances prosthetic alignment and anatomical restoration, suggesting potential improvements in postoperative outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Preoperative planning in total hip arthroplasty (THA) involves utilizing radiographs or advanced imaging modalities, including computerized tomography scans, for precise prediction of implant sizing and positioning. This study aimed to compare 3-dimensional (3D) versus 2-dimensional (2D) preoperative planning in primary THA with respect to key surgical metrics, including restoration of the horizontal and vertical center of rotation (COR), combined offset, and leg length. This study included 60 patients undergoing primary THA for symptomatic hip osteoarthritis (OA), randomly allocated to either robotic arm–assisted or conventional THA. Digital 2D templating and 3D planning using the robotic software were performed for all patients. All measurements to evaluate the accuracy of templating methods were conducted on the preoperative computerized tomography scanogram, using the contralateral hip as a reference. Sensitivity analyses explored differences between 2D and 3D planning in patients who had superolateral or medial OA patterns. Compared to 2D templating, 3D templating was associated with less medialization of the horizontal COR (−1.2 versus −0.2 mm, P =.002) and more accurate restoration of the vertical COR (1.63 versus 0.3 mm, P <.001) with respect to the contralateral side. Furthermore, 3D templating was superior for planned restoration of leg length (+0.23 versus −0.74 mm, P =.019). Sensitivity analyses demonstrated that in patients who had medial OA, 3D planning resulted in less medialization of horizontal COR and less offset reduction. Conversely, in patients who had superolateral OA, there was less lateralization of horizontal COR and less offset increase using 3D planning. Additionally, 3D planning showed superior reproducibility for stem, acetabular cup sizes, and neck angle, while 2D planning often led to smaller stem and cup sizes. Our findings indicated higher accuracy in the planned restoration of native joint mechanics using 3D planning. Additionally, this study highlights distinct variances between the 2 planning methods across different OA pattern subtypes, offering valuable insights for clinicians employing 2D planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Polytechnic is the property of Journal of Polytechnic and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Aims: Precise implant positioning, tailored to individual spinopelvic biomechanics and phenotype, is paramount for stability in total hip arthroplasty (THA). Despite a few studies on instability prediction, there is a notable gap in research utilizing artificial intelligence (AI). The objective of our pilot study was to evaluate the feasibility of developing an AI algorithm tailored to individual spinopelvic mechanics and patient phenotype for predicting impingement. Methods: This international, multicentre prospective cohort study across two centres encompassed 157 adults undergoing primary robotic arm-assisted THA. Impingement during specific flexion and extension stances was identified using the virtual range of motion (ROM) tool of the robotic software. The primary AI model, the Light Gradient-Boosting Machine (LGBM), used tabular data to predict impingement presence, direction (flexion or extension), and type. A secondary model integrating tabular data with plain anteroposterior pelvis radiographs was evaluated to assess for any potential enhancement in prediction accuracy. Results: We identified nine predictors from an analysis of baseline spinopelvic characteristics and surgical planning parameters. Using fivefold cross-validation, the LGBM achieved 70.2% impingement prediction accuracy. With impingement data, the LGBM estimated direction with 85% accuracy, while the support vector machine (SVM) determined impingement type with 72.9% accuracy. After integrating imaging data with a multilayer perceptron (tabular) and a convolutional neural network (radiograph), the LGBM’s prediction was 68.1%. Both combined and LGBM-only had similar impingement direction prediction rates (around 84.5%). Conclusion: This study is a pioneering effort in leveraging AI for impingement prediction in THA, utilizing a comprehensive, real-world clinical dataset. Our machine-learning algorithm demonstrated promising accuracy in predicting impingement, its type, and direction. While the addition of imaging data to our deep-learning algorithm did not boost accuracy, the potential for refined annotations, such as landmark markings, offers avenues for future enhancement. Prior to clinical integration, external validation and larger-scale testing of this algorithm are essential. Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2024;5(8):671–680.

We present a method to generate contingency tables that follow loglinear models with prescribed marginal probabilities and dependence structures. We make use of (loglinear) Poisson regression, where the dependence structures, described using odds ratios, are implemented using an offset term. Other statistical models related to loglinear models that fall into the scope of this paper, such as the logistic regression model, the latent class model and the extended Rasch are discussed as well. We apply this methodology to carry out simulation studies in the context of population size estimation using dual system and triple system estimators, popular in official statistics. These estimators use contingency tables that summarize the counts of elements enumerated or captured within lists that are linked. The simulation is used to investigate these estimators in the situation that the model assumptions are fulfilled, and the situation that the model assumptions are violated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Business sustainability has become a global imperative in response to the environmental, social, and economic challenges facing our world. In this context, the measurement and evaluation of business sustainability have become crucial to guide the actions of organizations towards more responsible and sustainable practices. However, the lack of specific measurement instruments for specific regional contexts may limit the ability of companies to evaluate and improve their sustainability performance. In this paper, we present the design of a business sustainability measurement method adapted to the context of Tarma, Peru. Tarma, a region located in the heart of the Peruvian Andes, is characterized by its cultural, environmental, and economic diversity, making it a unique context to address business sustainability. This article proposes a method for measuring business sustainability based on the Neutrosophic 2-tuple Linguistic Model, which includes an aggregation operation based on a NeutroAlgebra generated by Combining Functions in Prospector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increasing demand for low voltage, power efficient, high-speed analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) results in the improvement of speed and power of regenerative dynamic comparator. In this paper, a dual-tail dynamic comparator is used with two extra transistors in the latch stage. These extra transistors help in the increase of transconductance of the latch stage, which helps decrease the delay of the proposed comparator. Mathematical analysis is done for the proposed architecture; this gives the idea of reducing the delay of the comparator with an increase in the transconductance of the comparator. The simulation and layout of the proposed comparator are done on the Cadence software with 90 nm CMOS technology. This proposed design is simulated with a 2 GHz clock frequency at supply voltage of 1 V. The proposed architecture consumes a power of 39.19 μ W and a delay of 143.12 ps at 1 V supply voltage, 5 mV input difference voltage and 0.9 V common mode voltage. The Monte Carlo simulation of the proposed architecture for power, delay, power delay product (PDP) and offset is also demonstrated in this paper. Process corner analysis is done for power, delay and PDP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Early aseptic loosening is caused by deficient osteointegration of the femoral stem due to increased micromotions and represents a common mode of failure in uncemented total hip arthroplasty (THA). This study hypothesized that a higher femoral offset, a smaller stem size and obesity increase femoral micromotion, potentially resulting in early aseptic loosening. A finite element analysis was conducted based on computed tomography segmented model of four patients who received a THA with a triple‐tapered straight stem (Size 1, 3, 6). The influence of femoral stem offset (short neck, standard, lateral), head length (S to XXL), femoral anteversion and obesity during daily activities of fast walking and stair climbing was analyzed. The micromotions for the femoral stem zones were compared to a threshold representing a value above which only partial osseointegration is expected. The minimum femoral offset configuration compared to the maximum offset configuration (short neck stem, S head vs. lateral stem, XXL head) leads to a relative mean micromotion increase of 24% for the upper stem zone. Increasing the body weight (body mass index 30–35 kg/m2) increases the micromotion by 20% for all stem zones. The obese population recorded threshold‐exceeding micromotions for stem sizes 1 and 3 for all offset configurations during stair climbing. Higher femoral offset, a smaller stem size, and higher loading due to obesity lead to an increase in micromotion between the prosthesis and proximal femur and represent a risk configuration for impaired osseointegration of a triple‐tapered straight stem, especially when these three factors are present simultaneously. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Inzynieria Mineralna is the property of Polskie Towarzystwo Przerobki Kopalin and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Orofacial Orthopedics/Fortschritte der Kieferorthopadie is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper proposes a policy framework for using offset and industrial collaboration (IC) to develop human capability in the defence and security sector, focusing on Malaysia. It underscores the importance of integrating human capital development with traditional defence spending. Key challenges and success factors in executing offset policies for human capability enhancement are identified. The introduced 'MINERVA' framework includes elements such as a clear vision for human capital development, capability gap analysis, knowledge transfer incentives, credible partners, governance frameworks, stakeholder engagement, efficient project implementation, and assessing absorptive capacity. Through qualitative analysis of Malaysian case studies, the paper highlights optimising defence budgets for skills, education and training. The paper argues that the alignment of international defence procurement with offset policies focused on human capital development can enhance indigenous defence capabilities, military potential, job creation, regional clusters and exports. This alignment bolsters national security and resilience against challenges such as digitalisation and pandemics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Implant impingement and soft tissue tension are factors involved in dislocation after total hip arthroplasty (THA). Combined anteversion (CA) has been used as an indicator for implant placement. However, optimal implant placement remains a challenge. Moreover, the effect of changes in offset on dislocation is still unclear. In this study, we aimed to clarify the effects of postoperative CA and pre- and postoperative changes in offset on dislocation. Methods Included were patients who underwent primary cementless THA between 2013 and 2020. The mean values of CA and offset in the dislocation and non-dislocation groups were compared. The CA values within ± 10% of the recommended values were defined as good CA, and those outside the range were rated as poor CA. The dislocation rates were compared between the good and poor CA groups and between the groups with and without increased offset. Results A total of 283 hips were included. The mean values of CA in the dislocation and non-dislocation groups were significantly different (P

Abstract Background Modular neck femoral stems are advantageous because they can accurately restore the ideal hip geometry using various options in terms of offset, length, and version. However, there are concerns regarding junctional problems. Despite several reports on such issues, there is a lack of study on mid- to long-term results of these stems. The current study evaluated the mid-term results of patients who underwent primary total hip arthroplasty using a titanium–titanium (Ti–Ti) modular neck femoral stem. Methods In total, data on 47 hips (42 patients) that could be followed-up for ≥ 5 years after primary total hip arthroplasty using the Ti–Ti modular neck femoral stem from 2011 to 2015 were reviewed. There were 22 male and 20 female patients, and their mean age was 56.3 (range: 31–76) years. The mean follow-up period was 8 (range: 5–12) years. Functional and radiological outcomes, complications, and reoperations were investigated. In addition, we conducted a comparative analysis of the outcomes between those who underwent surgery using the Ti–Ti modular neck femoral stem and 41 hips (35 patients, 19 males and 16 females) that underwent primary total hip arthroplasty using nonmodular femoral stems as a control. Results In all Ti–Ti cases, the mean Harris Hip Scores were 50.6 (range: 6–59) preoperatively and 92.7 (range: 78–99) at the last follow-up (P

Studies of maneuverable modes of VVER to confirm the possibility of participation of nuclear power plants in the mode of daily carrying capacity have been conducted for quite a long time. Tests at various nuclear power plants with VVER-1000 (Zaporizhzhia NPP in 1998, Khmelnitsky NPP in 2005, Tianwan NPP in 2007) have shown the practical possibility of NPP participation in the daily schedule of carrying capacity, however, the commissioning of nuclear power plants with VVER-1200 requires similar work on all new units with VVER-1200: NVAES-2, LNPP-2 Belarusian NPP. The article presents some aspects of the use of noise control methods for analyzing the condition of equipment and the core. Since the emergence of the technology of noise analysis of signals from VVER reactor installations, researchers have formulated several criteria for obtaining results of appropriate quality. The fundamental requirement for conducting noise experiments was the registration of data in stationary modes of operation of power units, since any non-stationarity made significant changes in spectral estimates, which ultimately complicated the work and “distorted” the results obtained. This requirement was included in the operating instructions of various diagnostic systems using noise signal analysis methods (the SUS system, manufactured by Siemens). For a long period of time, the current situation suited both developers of various diagnostic systems and NPP personnel operating them at power units. On the one hand, this was due to the imperfection of the technical means used (low speed of analog-to-digital converters, limited storage capacity, bulky equipment, etc.), on the other hand, the use of domestic NPP power units only in the base load mode without tracking daily power fluctuations in the power system. The standard archives of the upper block level system, the in-reactor control system and additionally produced multi-channel “fast” measurements with a frequency of 1 kHz for the analysis of maneuverable mode 95-55-95% of the VVER-1200 reactor plant were analyzed. Global disturbances of the core have been detected after one step of the regulatory body of the control and protection system, which attenuates within one second if the next step of the control and protection system has not occurred during this time. Such fast neutron processes can be controlled only by neutron-noise measurements with an upper frequency of at least 20 Hz.

Abstract Existing mobile robots mostly use graph search algorithms for path planning, which suffer from relatively low planning efficiency owing to high redundancy and large computational complexity. Due to the limitations of the neighborhood search strategy, the robots could hardly obtain the most optimal global path. A global path planning algorithm, denoted as EDG*, is proposed by expanding nodes using a well-designed expanding disconnected graph operator (EDG) in this paper. Firstly, all obstacles are marked and their corners are located through the map pre-processing. Then, the EDG operator is designed to find points in non-obstruction areas to complete the rapid expansion of disconnected nodes. Finally, the EDG* heuristic iterative algorithm is proposed. It selects the candidate node through a specific valuation function and realizes the node expansion while avoiding collision with a minimum offset. Path planning experiments were conducted in a typical indoor environment and on the public dataset CSM. The result shows that the proposed EDG* reduced the planning time by more than 90% and total length of paths reduced by more than 4.6%. Compared to A*, Dijkstra and JPS, EDG* does not show an exponential explosion effect in map size. The EDG* showed better performance in terms of path smoothness, and collision avoidance. This shows that the EDG* algorithm proposed in this paper can improve the efficiency of path planning and enhance path quality.

Sensory responses typically vary depending on the recent history of sensory experience. This is essential for processes including adaptation, efficient coding, and change detection. In the auditory cortex (AC), the short-term history-dependence of sound-evoked (onset) responses has been well characterized. Yet many AC neurons also respond to sound terminations, and little is known about the history-dependence of these "offset" responses, whether the short-term dynamics of onset and offset responses are correlated, or how these properties are distributed among cell types. Here we presented awake male and female mice with repeating noise burst stimuli while recording single unit activity from primary AC. We identified PV and SST interneurons through optotagging, and also separated narrow-spiking from broad-spiking units. We found that offset responses are typically less depressive than onset responses, and this result was robust to a variety of stimulus parameters, controls, measurement types, and selection criteria. Whether a cell's onset response facilitates or depresses does not predict whether its offset response facilitates or depresses. Cell types differed in the dynamics of their onset responses, and in the prevalence but not the dynamics of their offset responses. Finally, we clustered cells according to spiking responses and found that response clusters were associated with cell type. Each cluster contained cells of several types, but even within a cluster, cells often showed cell type specific response dynamics. We conclude that onset and offset responses are differentially influenced by recent sound history, and discuss the implications of this for the encoding of ongoing sound stimuli.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT:Sensory neuron responses depend on stimulus history. This history dependence is crucial for sensory processing, is precisely controlled at individual synapses and circuits, and is adaptive to the specific requirements of different sensory systems. In the auditory cortex, neurons respond to sound cessation as well as to sound itself, but how history dependence is utilized along this separate, "offset" information stream is unknown. We show that offset responses are more facilitatory than sound responses, even in neurons where sound responses depress. In contrast to sound onset responses, offset responses are absent in many cells, are relatively homogenous, and show no cell-type specific differences in history dependence. Offset responses thus show unique response dynamics, suggesting their unique functions.

Background: Implant impingement and soft tissue tension are factors involved in dislocation after total hip arthroplasty (THA). Combined anteversion (CA) has been used as an indicator for implant placement. However, optimal implant placement remains a challenge. Moreover, the effect of changes in offset on dislocation is still unclear. In this study, we aimed to clarify the effects of postoperative CA and pre- and postoperative changes in offset on dislocation. Methods: Included were patients who underwent primary cementless THA between 2013 and 2020. The mean values of CA and offset in the dislocation and non-dislocation groups were compared. The CA values within ± 10% of the recommended values were defined as good CA, and those outside the range were rated as poor CA. The dislocation rates were compared between the good and poor CA groups and between the groups with and without increased offset. Results: A total of 283 hips were included. The mean values of CA in the dislocation and non-dislocation groups were significantly different (P < 0.05). The dislocation rate was significantly lower in the good CA group (P < 0.05). The dislocation rates in the groups with and without increased total offset were 0.5% and 4.3%, respectively (P = 0.004). There were no dislocations in patients with good CA and increased offset. Conclusions: The dislocation rate was significantly lower when implants were placed within ± 10% of the recommended CA value. Our results suggest that dislocation can be avoided by placing the implant in the good CA range and considering the increase in total offset on the operative side. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Modular neck femoral stems are advantageous because they can accurately restore the ideal hip geometry using various options in terms of offset, length, and version. However, there are concerns regarding junctional problems. Despite several reports on such issues, there is a lack of study on mid- to long-term results of these stems. The current study evaluated the mid-term results of patients who underwent primary total hip arthroplasty using a titanium–titanium (Ti–Ti) modular neck femoral stem. Methods: In total, data on 47 hips (42 patients) that could be followed-up for ≥ 5 years after primary total hip arthroplasty using the Ti–Ti modular neck femoral stem from 2011 to 2015 were reviewed. There were 22 male and 20 female patients, and their mean age was 56.3 (range: 31–76) years. The mean follow-up period was 8 (range: 5–12) years. Functional and radiological outcomes, complications, and reoperations were investigated. In addition, we conducted a comparative analysis of the outcomes between those who underwent surgery using the Ti–Ti modular neck femoral stem and 41 hips (35 patients, 19 males and 16 females) that underwent primary total hip arthroplasty using nonmodular femoral stems as a control. Results: In all Ti–Ti cases, the mean Harris Hip Scores were 50.6 (range: 6–59) preoperatively and 92.7 (range: 78–99) at the last follow-up (P < 0.001). Regarding the neck component's modularity, straight neck components were used in all Ti–Ti cases, and an anteverted or a retroverted neck was not used in any case. Stem revision was performed in one hip due to aseptic loosening. One hip underwent open reduction and internal fixation due to periprosthetic fracture without stem loosening. There were no cases of osteolysis and periprosthetic joint infection and clinically detectable junctional problems. The stem survival rate, with any stem revision as the endpoint, at 12 years was 96.6%. No significant difference was observed in the functional and radiological outcomes beween the Ti–Ti and nonmodular groups. Conclusions: The Ti–Ti modular neck femoral stem had comparable results with broadly used nonmodular femoral stems; hence, it can be a reliable option in primary total hip arthroplasty. However, in terms of the modularity itself of the modular neck femoral stem, whether the modular neck femoral stem is useful in uncomplicated primary total hip arthroplasty is unclear. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kernel-based learning algorithms have been extensively studied over the past two decades for their successful applications in scientific research and industrial problem-solving. In classical kernel methods, such as kernel ridge regression and support vector machines, an unregularized offset term naturally appears. While its importance can be defended in some situations, it is arguable in others. However, it is commonly agreed that the offset term introduces essential challenges to the optimization and theoretical analysis of the algorithms. In this paper, we demonstrate that Kernel Ridge Regression (KRR) with an offset is closely connected to regularization schemes involving centered reproducing kernels. With the aid of this connection and the theory of centered reproducing kernels, we will establish generalization error bounds for KRR with an offset. These bounds indicate that the algorithm can achieve minimax optimal rates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Existing mobile robots mostly use graph search algorithms for path planning, which suffer from relatively low planning efficiency owing to high redundancy and large computational complexity. Due to the limitations of the neighborhood search strategy, the robots could hardly obtain the most optimal global path. A global path planning algorithm, denoted as EDG*, is proposed by expanding nodes using a well-designed expanding disconnected graph operator (EDG) in this paper. Firstly, all obstacles are marked and their corners are located through the map pre-processing. Then, the EDG operator is designed to find points in non-obstruction areas to complete the rapid expansion of disconnected nodes. Finally, the EDG* heuristic iterative algorithm is proposed. It selects the candidate node through a specific valuation function and realizes the node expansion while avoiding collision with a minimum offset. Path planning experiments were conducted in a typical indoor environment and on the public dataset CSM. The result shows that the proposed EDG* reduced the planning time by more than 90% and total length of paths reduced by more than 4.6%. Compared to A*, Dijkstra and JPS, EDG* does not show an exponential explosion effect in map size. The EDG* showed better performance in terms of path smoothness, and collision avoidance. This shows that the EDG* algorithm proposed in this paper can improve the efficiency of path planning and enhance path quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores the spatiotemporal variability of the onset, end, and duration of the rainy season in Senegal. These phenological parameters, crucial for agricultural planning in West Africa, exhibit high interannual and spatial variability linked to precipitation. The objective is to detect and spatially classify these indices across Senegal using different approaches. Daily precipitation data and ERA5 reanalyses from 1981 to 2018 were utilized. The employed method enables the detection of key dates. Subsequently, the Kohonen algorithm spatially classifies these indices on topological maps. The results indicate a meridional gradient of the onset, progressively later from the southeast to the northwest, whereas the end follows a north–south gradient. The duration varies from 45 days in the north to 150 days in the south. The use of self-organizing maps allows for classifying the onset, end, and duration of the season into four zones for the onset and end, and three zones for the duration of the season. They highlight the interannual irregularity of transitions, with both early and late years. The dynamic analysis underscores the complex influence of atmospheric circulation fields, notably emphasizing the importance of low-level monsoon flux. These findings have tangible implications for improving seasonal forecasts and agricultural activity planning in Senegal. They provide information on the onset, end, and duration classes for each specific zone, which can be valuable for planning crops adapted to each region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to solve the problems of traditional orchard-specific green manure crushing and returning machines, such as the single operation effect, root system damage, unsustainable green manure growth, and low utilization rate, an offset crushing–furrowing–burying–straw-returning machine was designed for green manures in orchards. Based on quadratic regression combination experiments, the Discrete Element Method (EDEM) was used to construct a discrete element model simulating the deep furrowing and burying processes of the furrowing and soil-covering device, where the advance speed, plow-shaped furrowing blade rotation speed, and furrowing depth were considered as experimental factors and the coverage rate was taken as an evaluation index, and then simulation analyses were carried out to obtain experimental data; Design-Expert was used to perform ANOVA and RSM analyses, thus finding that its optimal working parameter portfolio consists of the advance speed of 42 m/min, the furrowing blade rotation speed of 300 r/min, and the furrowing depth of 190 mm, and that the coverage rate is 95.82% when this parameter portfolio is applied. Field experiments were conducted to validate the optimal parameter portfolio. The experimental results show that with an average coverage rate of 90.87% (4.95% away from the optimal value based on the simulation experiments on average), an average crushing length qualification rate of 91.24%, and an average root system damage rate of 5.6%, this device is applicable for its operation conditions. The development of this machine and the construction of its parameter model can provide a certain reference value for developing and optimizing related machines including green manure-returning machines.

Background and Objectives: Total hip arthroplasty (THA) requires accurate implant placement to ensure optimal outcomes. In this study, the AR Hip navigation system, an imageless portable navigation tool using augmented reality (AR), was evaluated for measuring radiographic inclination (RI), anteversion (RA), leg lengthening (LL), and offset (OS) changes in supine and lateral decubitus THA. Notably, this is the first report to assess the accuracy of LL and OS measurements using AR technology. Methods: We analyzed 48 hips from primary THA patients: 17 in the supine (S) group and 31 in the lateral (L) group. RI, RA, LL, and OS were measured intraoperatively using AR Hip and postoperatively using Zed Hip 3D software (Version 18.0.0.0). The absolute errors and outlier rates (≥5° for RI/RA and ≥5 mm for LL/OS) were compared between groups. Results: The mean intraoperative RI values with AR Hip were 40.1 ± 0.6° (S), 40.2 ± 1.2° (L), and 40.1 ± 1.0° (total), while the postoperative RI values with Zed Hip were 39.7 ± 2.9° (S), 39.5 ± 2.5° (L), and 39.6 ± 2.6° (total). The absolute errors were 1.8 ± 1.7° (total), with no significant group differences (p = 0.957). For RA, the errors were 2.0 ± 1.2° (total) (p = 0.771). The LL errors were 2.3 ± 2.2 mm (total) (p = 0.271), and the OS errors were 3.5 ± 2.8 mm (total) (p = 0.620). The outlier rates for RI were 11.8% (S) and 3.2% (L); for RA, 0% (S) and 3.2% (L); for LL, 29.4% (S) and 6.5% (L) with a significant difference (p = 0.031); and for OS, 23.5% (S) and 25.8% (L). No significant differences were observed for RI, RA, or OS. Conclusions: AR Hip provided accurate measurements of cup orientation, LL, and OS in both supine and lateral THA. Importantly, this study is the first to report the accuracy of LL and OS measurements using AR technology, demonstrating the potential of AR Hip for improving THA precision.

In recent years, super-long and super-large diameter pipe piles have been gradually applied to the foundation in the Yellow River flood area. However, its bearing mechanism is not clear, especially the unclear bearing characteristics of the pile under the eccentric state, which limits its application and development. In this regard, this paper uses the method of combining field test and numerical simulation to analyze the bearing characteristics of super-long and super-large diameter pipe piles under different pile lengths, different pile diameters, different diameter-thickness ratios, and different offsets. Combined with the specific deviation form of the pipe pile, the calculation formula of the vertical ultimate bearing capacity of the super-long and super-long diameter pipe pile in the Yellow River flooding area under the influence of the construction effect is modified. The results show that when the length of the pipe pile changes, the vertical bearing capacity changes the most, and the vertical ultimate bearing capacity of the pipe pile increases linearly with the increase of the length of the pipe pile. When the wall thickness of the pipe pile increases, the vertical bearing capacity increases approximately linearly, but the reduction of the pile displacement decreases exponentially. The greater the deflection of the pipe pile, the smaller the vertical ultimate bearing capacity. When the deflection of the pipe pile is greater than 0.35°, the vertical ultimate bearing capacity decreases rapidly with the increase of the deflection. On the basis of the traditional formula, considering the deviation form of the pipe pile, the reduction coefficient of the bearing capacity correction formula of the super-long and super-large diameter pipe pile is proposed, and the correction formula is compared with the field example. It is proved that the formula can accurately calculate the bearing capacity of the superlong and super-large diameter pipe pile. The research results of this paper are of great significance to the application and promotion of super-long and super-large diameter pipe piles in the Yellow River flood area and the evaluation of vertical ultimate bearing capacity. At the same time, the research results of this paper can also provide a reference for the study of bearing characteristics of super-long and super-large diameter pipe piles in other foundations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intentional binding refers to the apparent compression of the temporal interval between voluntary actions and sensory outcomes. Recent studies have shown that the binding effect differs according to the type of action, namely pressing and releasing. In this study, we examined whether the influence of the type of action can be explained by a sensory association between action and outcome. We manipulated the type of visual outcome (stimulus appearance and disappearance) in addition to the type of action (pressing and releasing) and measured the binding effect using the interval estimation task. The results showed that both the action and outcome types influenced interval estimations: intervals were estimated to be shorter for pressing action than for releasing action, and they were estimated to be shorter when the stimulus appeared than when it disappeared. However, no interaction effect was observed between these factors. Bayesian analysis also supported the model without interaction more than the model with interaction. Our findings suggest that the action and outcome types independently contribute to intentional binding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Orostachys spp., considered economically important succulent plants for both the medicinal and ornamental plant industries, are known to exhibit slow growth in their offsets during the long, cold winter months. Due to the slow growth, this study investigated the application of gibberellic acid (GA3) and determined the optimal GA3 concentration (control, 200 mg·L−1, 400 mg·L−1, and 600 mg·L−1) for promoting the propagation of three Orostachys species (i.e., O. fimbriata, O. japonica, and O. minuta), as well as its impact on their growth and development. According to our study findings, O. fimbrata and O. minuta influenced by GA3 exhibited higher survival rates (7–38%) and offset growth rates (3–87%) compared to the control. Similarly, its application resulted in significant shoot and root development, along with increased moisture content for the majority of the species. The results of this research demonstrate the potential and practical applications of using GA3 to increase the propagation and growth of Orostachys spp. during cold conditions for year-round propagation of these succulent plants, which could have ecological and horticultural significance for related species as well as other vegetatively propagated crops. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective During total hip arthroplasty (THA), both pelvic and femur positions affect leg length (LL) and offset (OS) measurements because LL and OS calipers depend on the fixed reference points on the pelvis and femur, respectively. However, LL and OS measurement errors because of pelvic positional changes have not been described. This study aimed to clarify the effects of pelvic positional changes on LL and OS measurements in relation to the pelvic reference using a THA simulator. Methods We developed an experimental THA simulator using Sawbones models of the hemipelvis and femur that facilitated modification of the obliquity, tilt, and rotation of the pelvis. Using an LL and OS caliper, LL and OS measurement errors due to pelvic positional changes were determined with the femoral position fixed. Measurements were performed from two pelvic reference positions: the iliac tubercle (P1) and the top of the iliac crest intersecting the line of the femoral long axis (P2). Results Concerning pelvic obliquity, the total error of LL was 25.0 mm in P1 and 26.5 mm in P2, while the total error of OS was 13.0 mm in P1 and 10.9 mm in P2. For pelvic tilt, the total error of LL was 9.0 mm in P1 and 3.8 mm in P2, while the total error of OS was 0.5 mm in P1 and 1.0 mm in P2. Regarding pelvic rotation, the total error of LL was 13.8 mm in P1 and 3.2 mm in P2, while the total error of OS was 3.8 mm in P1 and 4.0 mm in P2. Conclusions Pelvic positional changes alter LL and OS measurements. The acceptable range (error