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Copyright of GeSec: Revista de Gestao e Secretariado is the property of Sindicato das Secretarias e Secretarios do Estado de Sao Paulo (SINSESP) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of GeSec: Revista de Gestao e Secretariado is the property of Sindicato das Secretarias e Secretarios do Estado de Sao Paulo (SINSESP) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of GeSec: Revista de Gestao e Secretariado is the property of Sindicato das Secretarias e Secretarios do Estado de Sao Paulo (SINSESP) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of GeSec: Revista de Gestao e Secretariado is the property of Sindicato das Secretarias e Secretarios do Estado de Sao Paulo (SINSESP) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of GeSec: Revista de Gestao e Secretariado is the property of Sindicato das Secretarias e Secretarios do Estado de Sao Paulo (SINSESP) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Diversified cropping systems offer an alternative to sustainable agriculture, but they present high spatial variability. This study aims to develop and evaluate an automated irrigation system and a variable-rate water application for areas with diversified vegetable crops. The prototype comprises a mobile drip line, a winding reel, and an electronic control system. The drip line irrigates plants individually, with irrigation depths along the beds controlled by the displacement speed and between beds by adjusting the timing of electrical pulses to activate the water flow control valves. To evaluate the drip line, irrigation depths were defined for different crops, followed by performance assessments, which included evaluating the uniformity (Christiansen's Uniformity Coefficient—CUC) of the line under constant and variable rates. A hydraulic evaluation of the system was also carried out, as well as the calculation of the potential irrigable area. The drip line showed CUC ≥96% for depths under a constant rate and 95% for depths under a variable rate. The application efficiency reached 93.4% for a degree of suitability of 83%, considering variable depths along and between beds. The potential irrigable area obtained was 360 m2 day−1. The developed drip line effectively meets the spatial variability of crop water requirements in diversified cropping systems by adopting the variable-rate irrigation technique. The control of irrigation depth through valve activation via electrical pulses allows for the application of variable depths between the beds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores how an inclusive governance of "niche" innovations with family farmers enables or limits the realization of just transitions in family farming at different scales, from the local to the national levels. The research focuses on a case study in the Brunca region of Costa Rica, which has pioneered innovations for bean research with family farmers. The primary source of information for the study was in-depth interviews with relevant stakeholders. Secondary information comes from a desk review of the relevant policies and strategic documents from the relevant authorities. Lastly, a semi-scoping review was conducted to explore gender and intergenerational gaps in plant breeding, as well as potential conflicts between plant breeding and on-farm agro-diversity. The inclusive governance of bean research contributes to the realization of just-transition dimensions of justice, such as recognitional, procedural, and distributional justice, as a result of farmers' engagement in participatory plant-breeding processes, and due to the coordination between different institutions at the local and national levels. Progress has been made in terms of the recognition and participation of farmers in research and in decision-making locally. The findings show interactions between the local and national scales, in terms of the commercialization of farmers' seeds. However, the Costa Rican program for bean research struggles to engage family farmers in national decision-making processes and falls short of addressing equality and intergenerational issues. It also faces challenges in reaching a balance between short-term income generation and long-term conservation of agro-biodiversity on the farm. Fostering just transitions in family farming would require a greater inclusion of women and youth by the Costa Rican bean system. This implies allocating resources to increase their capacities and participation in bean research, as well as in decision-making at all levels. This is imperative and could be achieved if the government and relevant stakeholders align their strategic objectives and priorities to shorten gender and intergenerational gaps within the bean production system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of GeSec: Revista de Gestao e Secretariado is the property of Sindicato das Secretarias e Secretarios do Estado de Sao Paulo (SINSESP) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Diversified cropping systems offer an alternative to sustainable agriculture, but they present high spatial variability. This study aims to develop and evaluate an automated irrigation system and a variable-rate water application for areas with diversified vegetable crops. The prototype comprises a mobile drip line, a winding reel, and an electronic control system. The drip line irrigates plants individually, with irrigation depths along the beds controlled by the displacement speed and between beds by adjusting the timing of electrical pulses to activate the water flow control valves. To evaluate the drip line, irrigation depths were defined for different crops, followed by performance assessments, which included evaluating the uniformity (Christiansen’s Uniformity Coefficient—CUC) of the line under constant and variable rates. A hydraulic evaluation of the system was also carried out, as well as the calculation of the potential irrigable area. The drip line showed CUC ≥96% for depths under a constant rate and 95% for depths under a variable rate. The application efficiency reached 93.4% for a degree of suitability of 83%, considering variable depths along and between beds. The potential irrigable area obtained was 360 m2 day−1. The developed drip line effectively meets the spatial variability of crop water requirements in diversified cropping systems by adopting the variable-rate irrigation technique. The control of irrigation depth through valve activation via electrical pulses allows for the application of variable depths between the beds.

Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The social category of family cattle ranching represents a significant reality in family farming and an important ally to sustainability in the Brazilian rural sector. This study proposed to evaluate the main sustainability indices of family cattle ranching in the Cerrado and Pampa biomes. A total of 60 interviews were conducted in three municipalities belonging to the respective biomes, and IDRS scores of 7.23 and 7.32 were found for the Cerrado and Pampa, respectively. Under these conditions, it can be stated that family cattle ranching is an activity with the potential to contribute to the sustainability of the rural landscape of the municipalities of Pedra Preta, Quaraí, and Santana do Livramento, in terms of the environmental regulations of each territory and, to some extent, the production and reproduction of families, in a context of category representation for Mato Grosso and Rio Grande do Sul. The research results revealed realities of difficulties, potentialities, differences, and similarities in the different biomes with respect to cattle ranching. Future studies are suggested using MADERUS in other different Brazilian rural social categories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Circular economy (CE) has gained prominence in academic research in recent years. Case studies in circular economy have proven to be a useful way to learn about the main barriers and facilitators to implementing circular economy practices. Nevertheless, most of them are based on the manufacturing and energy sectors and technological solutions that are needed to achieve circularity. However, our paper presents the concept of circular economy applied to a diversified farm model. The aim is to discuss to what extent this model meets the circularity criteria that are promoted by the institutions, as well as the factors that favour and slow down the implementation of circularity in this type of farm. The case study analyzed is a family farm which has been making an innovative proposal for diversification in different links of the agri-food chain to "closing circles." [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Brazilian biodiversity results from a historical process that characterizes the dynamic interaction between traditional peoples and populations with nature itself. Traditional Agricultural Systems represent an expression of this socio-cultural construction, being fundamental for food security and sovereignty, the conservation of agricultural biodiversity, the mitigation and resilience to the effects of climate change, and the protection of intangible cultural heritage. Therefore, the conservation of these systems should be promoted by the State, based on the socio-environmental rights enshrined in the Federal Constitution. In this context, the objective of this article is to problematize the main existing national public policy instruments directed at this agenda, seeking to outline a baseline that can contribute to guiding future paths for governmental action in the coming years. Based on bibliographic and documental research, it can be affirmed that, although a public policy specifically dedicated to the theme, addressing the elements characterizing these systems in an integrated manner, has not yet been identified, important existing legal instruments in Brazil may inspire future actions with this direction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study is to understand the economic-ecological flows of Successional Agroforestry Systems (SAFS) in agroecological agroecosystems in the Serra dos Tapes region (RS). For this purpose, the LUME method was used: Economic-Ecological Assessment of Agroecosystems developed by the Advisory and Services for Projects in Alternative Agriculture (AS-PTA), based on its experiences accumulated since 1989. This method provides a theoretical-methodological and analytical apparatus for mixed model (quali-quantitative). With this tool, three agroecological agroecosystems that have been producing in SAFS for more than 10 years were studied. Among the main results, it was observed that they move up to 126 economic-ecological flows and that the Serra dos Tapes Successive Agroforestry Systems (SAFST) are expanding subsystems, presenting capacity and productive diversification. It is concluded that SAFST are multifunctional, that is, they fulfill their primary function of producing food, in addition to increasing biodiversity and improving the socioeconomic condition of the places studied, promoting territorial markets and being an important tool for the expanded reproduction of life in the context of agroecological family farming in this region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Economia e Sociologia Rural is the property of Sociedade Brasileira de Economia e Sociologia Rural and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Economia e Sociologia Rural is the property of Sociedade Brasileira de Economia e Sociologia Rural and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The sociohistorical construction of the maize-tlacoyo agri-food chain (MTAC) is based on the preparation of a food of pre-Hispanic origin and is representative of a process of social innovation led by the community itself. During the production and marketing phase, the MTAC is operated by farmers, becoming an important strategy for generating employment and income based on their own resources, including land, maize crops, work and knowledge concerning the preparation of tlacoyos, where the participation and work of women is critical. In this context, the aim of this study was to characterize and classify the Domestic Units (DU) that participate in the MTAC based on the availability of local resources. The study was carried out in a town in the central highlands of Mexico, and was construed as an exploratory and analytical case study; for this, field trips, bibliographic and documentary review were carried out and 56 DUs were interviewed. Results indicate that the factors that influence whether DUs become inserted into the maize-tlacoyo agri-food chain are: land ownership, family labor, production of inputs, knowledge and salaried work. Likewise, it is evident that DUs make exclusive use of local resources when participating in the MTAC, granting them their autonomy, consolidation and permanence. Pluriactivity was also identified as a component among the system of strategies that they employ for their social and economic reproduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of GeSec: Revista de Gestao e Secretariado is the property of Sindicato das Secretarias e Secretarios do Estado de Sao Paulo (SINSESP) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

There is an urgent demand to change our intensive crop production systems, replacing them with soil use and management systems that recover, preserve, or improve soil health and are environmentally sustainable, producing healthy and good-quality food. In this work, we compile and present strategies and public policies aimed toward soil and water conservation and food production in Brazil. The results presented may help Brazilian farmers adopt practices to recover, maintain, or improve soil health and politicians to create or modify public policies for healthy soil and food, without the necessity of increasing agricultural areas. Food insecurity was also addressed, with family farming playing an important role in food production and decreasing food insecurity. But these challenges need the combined efforts and engagement of the whole society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Artisanal manufacture of cassava flour in Brazil has a cultural and biological framework developed over generations of traditional rural workers. We conducted a broad study of flour production in the Extreme South of Bahia in 2019 across 30 rural settlements in 11 municipalities, where we evaluated 107 flour producers. Our results present the socioeconomic profiles of local farmers, cassava varieties, types of flour, particularities of production, and characteristics of commercialization. We highlight the multiple functions of artisanal production of cassava flour, especially as related to social and economic maintenance of households, the promotion of food security, and sovereignty within and around the communities, and the conservation of agrobiodiversity in the rural landscape. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is important to determine optimal experimental plot size in order to ensure accurate results and correct decision making. There are no studies of this nature for lima bean cultivation. As such, the aim of this study was to determine the optimal plot size to estimate lima bean yield in family farming and experimental areas, combining the number of treatments, repetitions, and accuracy levels. Experiments were conducted in two 12 m × 16 m plots, each subdivided into 192 basic units (BUs) measuring 1 m2. Bean weight was assessed in each of the units (g). Smith's index of soil heterogeneity and optimal plot size were estimated using the Modified Maximum Curvature Method and Hatheway's Method. The index of soil heterogeneity was higher than 0.7 for all the variables analyzed. Plot size between 10 m2 and 15 m2 is considered efficient in estimating lima bean weight. These first estimated optimal plot sizes will allow researchers and farmers who work with the crop to obtain more robust yield estimates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Efforts worldwide have been dedicated to developing strategies for reducing the environmental impacts arising from agricultural production. In developing countries, such as Brazil, where agricultural production stands as one of the most important economic sectors, meeting institutional and market requirements for sustainability is essential for ensuring the country's competitiveness. This study investigated the intention of Brazilian dairy farmers to adopt environmental sustainability practices. The sample comprised 100 dairy farms in Paraná State, Brazil. The data were analyzed using structural equation models and discussed from the perspective of the Theory of Planned Behavior. The results showed that farmers' intentions to adopt sustainability practices is not associated with socioeconomic or production characteristics. Structural equation modeling identified three constructs explaining farmers' intentions to adopt sustainability practices, namely attitude (ATT), subjective norms (SN), and perceived behavioral control (PBC). ATT and SN had a positive and significant influence, explaining 90% (R2 = 0.90) of the farmers' intentions toward sustainability adoption. The lack of influence of the PBC construct suggests that farmers perceive themselves as having limited ability to adopt sustainability practices, mainly attributed to a lack of knowledge and financial resources, low self-confidence, and a heavy reliance on others for the implementation of sustainability actions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Desenvolvimento e Meio Ambiente is the property of Universidade Federal do Parana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of GeSec: Revista de Gestao e Secretariado is the property of Sindicato das Secretarias e Secretarios do Estado de Sao Paulo (SINSESP) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of GeSec: Revista de Gestao e Secretariado is the property of Sindicato das Secretarias e Secretarios do Estado de Sao Paulo (SINSESP) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

ABSTRACT Proper waste management is a major worldwide concern; waste is disposed of directly into the environment, affecting water, soil and air quality. The development and production of green energy sources is strongly encouraged in modern society. The aim of this study, in accordance with Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 1, 2 and 7 of the 2030 Agenda of the UN, is to combine the correct disposal of animal waste with the generation of energy to mitigate the energy insecurity of families in an extremely vulnerable semi-arid region in the north-east of the country using biodigesters. To this end, a conceptual proposal was drawn up for a low-cost, easy-to-maintain and easy-to-use biodigester. A small-scale prototype was used to assess its operation by evaluating the main factors that affect biogas production (pH, temperature and the biomass properties: total solids, fixed solids, volatile solids, concentration of volatile fatty acids and C/N ratio). Evaluation of the test prototype gave satisfactory results that corroborate other studies and make it possible to propose an economically viable and efficient full-scale biodigester for biogas production.

ABSTRACT Climate change has made food security vulnerable. Therefore, it is important to have discussions on the subject and take actions that minimize the environmental impacts on family farming, that will be directly or indirectly affected by climatic events. With this in mind, this study aimed to identify climate changes in the state of Piauí based on climate projections and to verify their possible impacts on the suitability of growing food crops, such as beans, corn, cassava, and cashew. The climate scenarios analyzed were 2011–2040, 2041–2070, and 2071–2100. The observed data on current climate came from the National Institute of Meteorology (INMET), and future climate projections came from the Brazilian Portal of Climate Projections of the National Institute for Space Research (INPE). Based on the climatic data obtained (current and future), the climatological water balance was calculated, using the method proposed by Thorntwaite, with consecutive characterization of the suitability for crops. All maps were generated in QGIS. According to the results, crops that may suffer from water deficit are beans and cashews. The latter, in the RCP 8.5 scenario (2071–2100) shows unsuitability for cultivation throughout the state. The population with the highest rate of social vulnerability is the one that will be most damaged by the events caused by climate change.

The loss of biodiversity and the effects of climate change hurt agricultural production and food security in Peru and around the world. The family farming sector in Peru (97% of agricultural units - AU) faces numerous challenges when it comes to sustainably producing food. To sustain Peruvian agriculture in the face of climate change, climate-smart agricultural practices (CSA) and agrobiodiversity conservation are essential. This document characterizes the level of agrobiodiversity (index IDA) of family AUs in the Crisnejas basin and analyzes the impact of the elements that affect farmers' decisions to apply multiple CSA measures. CSA adoption decisions were analyzed using an econometric analysis framework combining multivariate and ordered probit models for 340 family AUs. Results indicate that AUs with a lower agrobiodiversity index (IDA) have a higher monthly income (IDA=0.56, 312 USD, Pearson binary correlation, CI = -0. 0.4107). The highest economic income AUs are located between 2500 and 3000 meters above sea level (352 USD, CI=-0.3551), have access to irrigation (365 USD, CI=-0.5225), and are also part of consolidated family farms (428 USD, CI=-0.2699). Based on the econometric results, farmers' decisions to adopt CSA practices are influenced by altitude, tenure, age, cultivated area, level of agrobiodiversity, and access to water. A larger number of household members, a better educational level, and a greater distance to the local market increase the probability of intensifying the use of CSA practices in the lower, middle, and upper basins, respectively (significant coefficient estimates, p-value < 0.05). Distance to the farms, cultivated area, and seed storage are other factors associated with the intensity of CSA use (p-value < 0.05). According to the findings, agrobiodiversity must be increased in Peruvian agriculture to achieve a functional and balanced system from an economic, ecological, and sociocultural perspective, as well as carefully developing adaptation/mitigation strategies to address the impacts of climate change on Peruvian agriculture.

AbstractIn the Philippines, sugarcane farming is perceived to be a male occupation, meaning female smallholder farmers tend to be overlooked by extension and policy. While research on sugarcane farming and production processes has been extensive, there is limited understanding of the impact of gender dynamics in family farmers’ day-to-day lived experiences in the Philippines and the implications these have on the sugarcane production process. This paper asks whether and how recognising gender dynamics in sugarcane farming in the Philippines can identify an enabling environment for production and empowerment for family farmers. Using forty semi-structured interviews and four focus group discussions of forty participants from Balayan and Calaca, Batangas, Philippines, the research adopts a transcendental phenomenological approach to reveal the lived experiences of block farm members and implications for the block farm system and sugarcane production. The thematic analysis finds institutionalising the block farm system to have had a considerable impact in terms of the assistance provided by the government to harness the knowledge of the sugarcane family farmers to adapt to the modern technologies provided to them. Additionally, patriarchal views in Filipino society restrict that of female family farmers, particularly those who hold key positions in the sugarcane block farm system.

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Family farming is the main responsible for food supply in Brazil and is directly linked to food security and rural development. With the arrival of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, family farmers suffered economic impacts due to the social isolation established in order to contain the spread of the new coronavirus and avoid the collapse of the health system. In view of this, this work aimed to understand and analyze the difficulties of family farmers who make up the remaining quilombola community of Porto Alegre during the COVID-19 pandemic. As for the methodology, this research is characterized as bibliographic, exploratory and qualitative. Data collection occurred through the application of questionnaires in different family units that make up the community of Porto Alegre. The results of the research identified that the pandemic brought impacts, especially in relation to the disposal of production, increased social vulnerability, reduced income of producers and the risk of food insecurity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study aimed to carry out a survey of food plants and carry out their respective characterization in the quilombola community of Jacarequara, municipality of Santa Luzia do Pará, State of Pará, Brazil. Priority was given to a qualitative-quantitative methodological approach, using participant observation, semi-structured interviews, questionnaires, guided tours and a free list to compose the botanical inventory. The data obtained were tabulated and systematized, in addition to calculating the frequency of citation of the species and the Cognitive Salience Index (ISC, by their acronyms in Portuguese) of the food plants inventoried. A total of 140 food ethnospecies were catalogued, with Euphorbiaceae (27), Arecaceae (12), Musaceae (10) and Rutaceae (9) standing out. Among the food plants with the highest ISC, were açaí (Euterpe oleracea), banana (Musa paradisiaca), mandioca (Manihot esculenta), coconut (Cocos nucifera), cashew (Anacardium occidentale), acerola (Malpighia glabra), bacaba (Oenocarpus bacaba) and orange (Citrus sinensis). From the analysis of the data obtained by this study, it was observed the great importance of food plants and this is because they compose not only their food base, but also be present in income generation and represent the local food culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Insect pollination increases the quality and quantity of fruits and seeds of most of the world's major crops. San Juan is a key region for horticultural seed production in Argentina; however, currently there is a lack of information available to ensure optimal pollination ecosystem service for crops. In this study, our objective was to determine the influence of insect pollination on the fruit set and on the quantity and quality of crops for the production of chicory, onion, radish, cabbage and pumpkin seeds. We also assessed whether those crops exhibited pollen deficit. In each lot, we compared fruit set, number of seeds formed per fruit, seed weight and germination power using different pollination treatments. We found that insect pollination acts differentially on the measured parameters, exerting a positive effect on crop pollination. Moreover, we observed that fruit set and seed formation among crops were not affected by pollen deficit. Our findings contribute to the implementation of management practices aimed at conserving pollinators, enhancing crop pollination service and promoting the economy of local farmers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In agriculture, agroecological production systems represent a concrete strategy to support the implementation of democratic processes of rural development, in which, based on local actions, farmers may be able to take a leading role in the local development process. The application of agroecological principles can collaborate to maintain traditional varieties and crops, promote the recovery and value of local culture, including management practices that stimulate and revitalize ethnosciences. The objective of this study was to analyze mountain agriculture through the agro-environmental practices of organic producers linked to the Agroecological Association of Teresópolis, based on the following pillars: environmental, social, cultural and economic. The methodology applied was a case study, including visits to agricultural production units for analysis of the production context and interviews with members through semi-structured questionnaires. The results allow us to state that organic agriculture in Teresópolis (RJ) is configured as an individual will inserted in a collective process, without financial support, presence or encouragement from the government. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article aims to evaluate the economic effects of purchases form family farming, under the Brazilian School Feeding Program (PNAE), for the municipalities of Minas Gerais. Of quantitative nature, the chosen method is the multiple linear regression. Four models were estimated, in which the variables are total Gross Domestic Product-GDP (PIB), agriculture and cattle ranching GDP (PIB agropecuário), industry GDP (PIB indústria), and services GDP (PIB serviços). As dependent variables were chosen: the volume of PNAE transfers (in Reais) for family agriculture as the independent variable of interest; the values (in Reais) of rural credit through the Brazilian Program Strengthening Program for Family Farming (PRONAF), the production of family farming agro-industry and the number of family farming establishments linked to cooperatives or associations as the independent control variables. The main results indicate that the independent variable PNAE was statistically significant at 1% for total GDP, industry GDP and services GDP, and statistically significant at 10% for the agriculture and cattle ranching GDP, showing greater effect on total GDP. This means that purchases from family farming, through the PNAE, have positive economic effects on these sectors and, especially, on the total GDP. It is recommended for future researches comparative studies, the application of other quantitative techniques and studies with qualitative approaches. We also recommend research that includes other theoretical lenses for the perception of the effects of public policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Economia e Sociologia Rural is the property of Sociedade Brasileira de Economia e Sociologia Rural and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Economia e Sociologia Rural is the property of Sociedade Brasileira de Economia e Sociologia Rural and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The loss of biodiversity and the effects of climate change hurt agricultural production and food security in Peru and around the world. The family farming sector in Peru (97% of agricultural units - AU) faces numerous challenges when it comes to sustainably producing food. To sustain Peruvian agriculture in the face of climate change, climate-smart agricultural (CSA) practices and agrobiodiversity conservation are essential. This document characterizes the level of agrobiodiversity (index IDA) of family AUs in the Crisnejas basin and analyzes the impact of the elements that affect farmers' decisions to apply multiple CSA measures. CSA adoption decisions were analyzed using an econometric analysis framework combining multivariate and ordered probit models for 340 family AUs. Results indicate that AUs with a lower agrobiodiversity index (IDA) have a higher monthly income (IDA = 0.56, 312 USD, Pearson binary correlation, CI = -0.4107). The highest economic income AUs are located between 2,500 and 3,000 meters above sea level (352 USD, CI = -0.3551), have access to irrigation (365 USD, CI = -0.5225), and are also part of consolidated family farms (428 USD, CI = -0.2699). Based on the econometric results, farmers' decisions to adopt CSA practices are influenced by altitude, tenure, age, cultivated area, level of agrobiodiversity, and access to water. A larger number of household members, a better educational level, and a greater distance to the local market increase the probability of intensifying the use of CSA practices in the lower, middle, and upper basins, respectively (significant coefficient estimates, p-value < 0.05). Distance to the farms, cultivated area, and seed storage are other factors associated with the intensity of CSA use (p-value < 0.05). According to the findings, agrobiodiversity must be increased in Peruvian agriculture to achieve a functional and balanced system from an economic, ecological, and sociocultural perspective, as well as carefully developing adaptation/mitigation strategies to address the impacts of climate change on Peruvian agriculture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Brazilian national school feeding programme (PNAE) is a tested model providing food security. The federal government designed it, but municipal and state governments deliver it. This article provides information on PNAE suppliers. It shows that it is possible to promote food security together with the local economy. However, a concern is that local managers sometimes find it easier to procure from just one or a few large, specialized companies. The authors explain how this problem can be dealt with. The Brazilian national school feeding programme (PNAE) has the potential to promote local development because it is decentralized and often buys from family farms. A social network analysis involving the municipalities of the State of São Paulo and their suppliers was carried out between 2013 and 2017. The results indicate a large presence of small and local suppliers in contrast to earlier studies that found that purchasing from small farmers is problematic. This article investigates power relationships in institutional purchasing networks—a theoretical and empirical gap in the area—and explains how these relationships impact the implementation of public policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]