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Classical Chinese poetry, steeped in cultural heritage, represents a distinguished facet of Chinese literature. As a core element, imagery conveys profound cultural significance and holds considerable educational value. This paper delves into the cognitive mechanisms behind imagery and examines teaching strategies for classical Chinese poetry in Teaching Chinese as a Second Language (TCSL). Using semiotic theory, it explores the interplay between literal words (signifier: Xiang/) and deeper emotional and cultural meanings (signified: Yi/). The study applies Image Schemas theory, focusing on Spatial, Force, and Balance Image-Schemas, to offer a multidimensional perspective for comprehending poetic imagery. Through cultural memory theory, the paper highlights collective cultural traits inherent in classical Chinese poetic imagery and identifies common meanings and emotionally expressive patterns to support effective teaching. Advocating a multimodal approach, the paper integrates visual, auditory, and situational methods to enrich students' aesthetic experiences, helping them visualize scenes, appreciate rhythm, and connect with the poetry's cultural and emotional depth. By combining theoretical insights and textual analysis, this paper aims to enhance the integration of classical Chinese poetry into TCSL, fostering multicultural awareness and deepening cross-cultural understanding among learners, while also providing practical teaching recommendations for educators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cultural heritage is a precious treasure left to mankind by history. With the development of the times and the improvement of people's education, more and more people are becoming aware of the importance of protecting cultural heritage. Chinese porcelain inlay is a type of architectural decoration born out of the specific historical, geographical, and cultural conditions of Fujian and Guangdong, and was included in the second batch of The National List of Intangible Cultural Heritage of China published in 2008 and the third batch of The National List of Intangible Cultural Heritage of China—Expanded Projects in 2011. It represents an important part of the complex traditional culture of Fujian and Guangdong, acting as the essence of national culture, a symbol of national wisdom, and the refinement of national spirit. Using targeted analysis and making changes based on negative reviews, organizations that protect cultural heritage can improve their actions and find new ways to spread cultural heritage. The craft of Chinese porcelain inlay is used as an example in this paper. It combines Python Octopus crawler technology, data analysis, and sentiment analysis methods to perform a cognitive social media visualization analysis of Chinese porcelain inlay, which is a form of national intangible cultural heritage in China. Then, by looking at network text data from social media, it seeks to find out how the Chinese porcelain inlay culture is passed down, what its main traits are, and how people feel about it. Finally, this study summarizes the public's understanding of inlay porcelain and proposes strategies to promote its future development and dissemination. This study found that (1) as a form of national intangible cultural heritage in China and a unique traditional architectural decoration craft, Chinese porcelain inlay has widely recognized cultural and artistic value. (2) The emotional evaluation of Chinese porcelain inlay is mainly positive (73 and 60.76%), while negative evaluations account for 12.62 and 20.79% of responses, mainly reflected in regret regarding the gradual disappearance of old buildings, the lament that Chinese porcelain inlay is highly regional and difficult to popularize, the regret that the individual has not visited locations with Chinese porcelain inlay, a feeling of helplessness with regard to inconvenient transportation links to these places, and discontent with the prohibitively high prices of Chinese porcelain inlay products. These findings offer valuable guidance for the future dissemination and development of Chinese porcelain inlay as a form of intangible cultural heritage. (3) The LDA topic model is used to divide the perception of Chinese porcelain inlay into nine major themes: arts and crafts, leisure and entertainment, cultural travel, online appreciation, heritage protection, dissemination scope, prayer and blessing, inheritance and innovation, and collection and research. This also provides a reference for the future direction of the inheritance of Chinese porcelain inlay cultural heritage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractClimate change education is a complex and controversial undertaking in the United States given the federated nature of educational policy and the partisan nature of climate change discourse. Despite international treaty obligations, the United States struggles to implement climate change education across its educational sector. This article examines the political and geographic factors at play in the standardization of climate change science education in Delaware. Using a geographically representative sample of science teachers, we explore the specificity of NGSS-informed climate change science standards enactment, including its relationship to both voting patterns and individual teacher politics. We show how teachers’ political orientation and cultural worldview shapes climate change education independent of local context, raising important questions about professional ethics and the limitations of standards-driven science education reform during a time of intense partisan science denial and socially organized misinformation and disinformation campaigns. Specifically, we find that local political context has no effect on reports of teaching practice; instead, a science teacher’s political orientation influences if and how they enact NGSS-driven climate change science education reforms. We conclude with considerations for the field of climate change science education given the social and political realities of the modern United States educational system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding predictors of climate policy support is important for tackling climate change. Previous research demonstrated that policy support is partially driven by cultural worldviews. Yet, treating policies as a homogeneous concept, this literature neglected the existence of different policy types. Making this distinction is important because each type implies a distinct solution to the same problem (i.e., carbon emissions) with varying degrees of retained freedom for agents. Given that diverging worldviews imply different preferences for individual freedom, we hypothesize an interaction between policy types and cultural worldviews on climate policy support: Policy support is stronger when the retained freedom of a policy type is aligned with the worldview‐based preferences for such freedom. Using a representative sample of the UK population (N = 1991) and actual policy proposals of UK political parties, our results partly support our hypothesized interaction. Although communitarian‐egalitarians, compared to all other worldview groups, indicated stronger support across policy types, contrary to our hypothesis they showed their weakest support for command‐and‐control and their strongest for information‐based policies. Individualist‐hierarchists, in contrast and in line with our argument, showed the weakest support for command‐and‐control policies and strongest support for voluntary policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines a complete collection of posts made within two of the largest online peer‐to‐peer breastmilk‐sharing communities in the United States, collected during the first month after the COVID‐19 vaccine became available to all U.S. adults. I propose that such communities support not only the circulation of human milk among strangers but also the circulation of widely shared attentional norms alongside interactional rules of relevance and concern. When collectively held attentional norms are violated, Goffmanian face‐saving maneuvers become visible. This case study engages studies of cultural cognition—in particular, those on collective rules of relevance and attention—to make sense of emergent cultural blind spots. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This present study discusses the mythology of Loong in Chinese culture, analyzes the cultural metaphors of Loong, and elaborates on the cultural values of Loong. Through the discussion, it can be seen that the Chinese cultural values of Loong have a profound influence on cultural conceptualizations of Loong, not only manifested in language but also in many other aspects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The target article 'Risk analysis, uncertainty and innovation: what does this mean for the Dutch energy transition?' advocates dropping use of the precautionary principle, proposing an alternative Tolerability of Risk (ToR) approach to foster both protection and innovation in the face of uncertain risks. Inclusion of stakeholder views and values is a key feature of ToR with fundamental appeal. However the status of public perceptions of risk is contentious. Evaluating and integrating potentially conflicting views into regulatory policy presents significant challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research tries to explain the concept of 'illness' in Minangkabau society, which until now is known to have strong local and traditional elements. This research reveals the cultural metaphors used by contemporary Minangkabau society in expressing the concept of 'illness.’ This research uses interview transcripts from 30 people from various backgrounds and ages who live in the West Sumatra region, which was carried out from the beginning of August to the end of October 2023. The interviews were conducted using the Minangkabau language. Participants' answers and expressions were analyzed using a Cultural Linguistics approach which includes cultural metaphor analysis. There are three conceptions that are found; they are ILLNESS AS MOVING OBJECT, ILLNESS AS OWNERSHIP, and ILLNESS AS PUNISHMENT. From the various conceptions found, it is found that the Minangkabau people's cognition about 'illness' is based on the existence of paganism and Islamism. This research is certainly useful for certain stakeholders in making policies and implementing programs to achieve effectiveness and efficiency. Abstrak Penelitian ini melihat dan menjelaskan konsep ‘penyakit’ pada masyarakat Minangkabau yang hingga saat ini terkenal memiliki unsur lokal dan tradisional yang masih kental. Penelitian ini mengungkap metafora-metafora budaya yang digunakan oleh masyarakat Minangkabau kontemporer dalam mengungkapkan konsep ‘penyakit.’ Penelitian ini menggunakan data transkrip wawancara 30 orang dari berbagai kalangan dan umur yang bertempat tinggal di wilayah Sumatra Barat, yang dilaksanakan dalam kurun awal Agustus hingga akhir Oktober 2023. Wawancara dilakukan menggunakan bahasa Minangkabau. Jawaban-jawaban dan ekspresi partisipan dianalisis dengan menggunakan pendekatan linguistik budaya yang meliputi analisis metafora budaya. ada tiga konsepsi penyakit yang ditemukan yaitu penyakiit sebagai benda bergerak, penyakit sebagai kepemilikan, dan penyakit sebagai hukuman. dari ragam konsepsi yang ditemukan tergambar bahwa kognisi masyarakat Minangkabau tentang ‘penyakit’ dilatari dari eksistensi paganisme dan Islamisme. Temuan ini berguna bagi pemangku kepentingan tertentu untuk membuat kebijakan dan menjalankan suatu program guna tercapainya efektivitas dan efisiensi.

If we could look into the minds of agricultural producers and environmentalists to see how they think about regional water challenges, we may be better able to help stakeholders understand each other’s perspectives and resolve perceived conflicts. A 2017–2018 study provides visual maps of producers’ and environmentalists’ conceptions of the relationship between water and the regional economy. The maps reveal that the groups think about the topic in fundamentally different ways. While surveyed producers possess an agricultural, operational-level view of the water-economic system that includes the protective actions taken by individual farmers and ranchers, environmentalists possess a watershed-level view of the water-economic system that highlights the detrimental collective impacts of the agricultural industry as a whole. The findings suggest steps that water communicators can take to reduce perceived conflict between the groups.

The aim of the article is to demonstrate the role of the cultural context in historical linguistics research. In the first part, the author discusses the C.S. Lewis’ concept of highlighting the danger of being inspired by the dictionary definitions in works concerning historical linguistics. In the second part, presented are the examples of works by historians and historical linguists who had examined the terminology of the political system and the key concepts of the political discourse of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. The third part shows the possibilities of applying theories and methods of cultural cognition to similar research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coverage of climate tipping points has rapidly increased over the past 20 years. Despite this upsurge, there has been precious little research into how the public perceives these abrupt and/or irreversible large-scale risks. This article provides a nationally representative view on public perceptions of climate tipping points and possible societal responses to them (n = 1773). Developing a mixed-methods survey with cultural cognition theory, it shows that awareness among the British public is low. The public is doubtful about the future effectiveness of humanity's response to climate change in general, and significantly more doubtful about its response to tipping points specifically. Significantly more people with an egalitarian worldview judge tipping points likely to be crossed and to be a significant threat to humanity. All possible societal responses received strong support. The article ends by considering the prospects for 'cultural tipping elements' to tip support for climate policies across divergent cultural worldviews. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Taiwan Law Review is the property of Angle Publishing Co., Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The School of Athens, the fresco by Raphael, is an artwork in which the whole world has seen for five centuries, not only the aesthetic, emotional and spiritual aspect of art, but also the philosophical and intellectual one. In this fresco Raphael painted the human mind. This work is a holistic variation of cultural anthropology and cultural cognitive science. It is a university in which all human knowledge is summoned. Raphael combined paganism and humanism within the Vatican premises. Making this fresco a significant work, reflecting and conveying the core cultural values and universal ideals, offering an excellent opportunity for any viewer to engage in a multicultural cognitive act and process. This paper presents how this multidimensional and multi-disciplinary work serves as an ideal example for today's works and philosophy to connect all creative and philosophical disciplines into one, inspiring today's thought and the new works of creative arts to contain the human knowledge of the ages, uniting the past and future, as a meeting point of history, reason, discovery and human aspirations. It will present how this complex artwork includes knowledge, philosophy, art, morals, customs, etc, acquired by any member of society to understand human cultural cognition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relation between language, culture and cognition has attracted the attention of many scholars from various fields of study. Cultural Linguistics, as a multidisciplinary area of research that investigates the interrelationship between language and cultural conceptualizations, has managed to attract researchers from around the world. Drawing on different methodological approaches, researchers have employed its analytical and theoretical framework in a wide range of languages to look into the relationship between cultural cognition and language. In this article, after a brief introduction of Cultural Linguistics and its theoretical and analytical framework, some thoughts about several current issues in Cultural Linguistics are shared, including the lack of clarity of some terms, the relation between values and cultural conceptualizations, the interconnected nature of theoretical and analytical tools, the universality and variation of conceptualizations, some methodological issues in research, and globalization, politics and reconceptualization. This article hopes to encourage constructive discussions on these issues in Cultural Linguistics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

California must adapt to increasing wildfire activity concurrent with climate change and expanding housing development in fire-prone areas. Recent decades have seen record-breaking fire activity, economic costs, and human health impacts. Residents more frequently face home evacuations, prolonged periods of unhealthy air quality, and power shut-offs. Understanding how these experiences influence support for risk mitigation policies is essential to inform action on climate and fire adaptation. To better understand linkages between experience and policy support, we surveyed California residents ( n = 645) about their wildfire-related experiences, risk perceptions, and support for 18 wildfire risk mitigation policies. To assess how the relationship between policy support and wildfire experience is modulated by preexisting worldviews, we measured the extent to which respondents are motivated by individualistic or communitarian values as proposed in the cultural theory of risk. We surveyed residents across a gradient of wildfire impacts, spatially stratifying residences based on wildland-urban-interface type and proximity to large 2020 wildfires. Support was generally high for most policies, though most respondents opposed incorporating future risk into insurance rates and coverage. Policy support models showed that communitarian worldviews were more consistently associated with greater support for diverse wildfire mitigation policies than were measures of recent experience with wildfire. These results suggest that California residents within our sample regions already support many wildfire risk mitigation strategies, and preexisting societal beliefs are a stronger predictor of these views than personal experiences with wildfire. Policy-makers can utilize this understanding to focus on crafting policies and messaging that resonates with individualistic values.

Economic migration, international mobility and refugee crises have brought about both risks and opportunities. Alongside the socio-economic and cultural potential to capitalize on they have generated challenges that need to be addressed. In such an increasingly globalized and diverse world, intercultural competences have become strategic resources underpinning the concept of democratic citizenship and social integration. The objectives of the present article are thus two-fold: firstly we want to explore the concept of cultural cognition and highlight the importance of intercultural and diversity awareness, and, secondly, we intend to present and discuss the results of intercultural training sessions for uniformed services conducted within the "Open Lodz" project (Otwarta Łódź POWR.03.01.00-IP.08-00-3MU/18) (2019-2022) coordinated by the University of Lodz in collaboration with the Marek Edelman Dialogue Center in Łódź, the Municipal Police, the City of Lodz Office and the City Guard in Łódź. The project was aimed at enhancing foreigners' quality of life and functioning in Poland. With this goal in view project activities, addressed at two groups of beneficiaries, namely foreign nationals and frontline workers (police, city guard officers, and municipal clerks) focused on improving communication skills (linguistic and cultural competences) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to clearly understand the influence of new media on college students' traditional cultural information contact and provide a scientific basis for the development of traditional Chinese cultural symbols, this paper takes Shaolin Temple as an example to do research. The research method is based on the survey data of 884 college students from 5 universities in Henan Province and uses the hierarchical regression model in economic management. It is constructed from the two dimensions of cultural cognition and cultural identity, the cultural cognition is measured from the breadth and depth of cultural cognition, and the cultural identity is measured from three perspectives of cultural consciousness, cultural self-confidence and cultural integration. This paper analyzes the direct impact of new media on College Students' traditional cultural identity to fan out from point to area, and tests the mediating effect of cultural cognition. The results show that: New media using has a significant positive impact on College Students' traditional cultural identity, including direct impact and indirect impact; cultural cognition plays a significant mediating role in the impact of Internet using on College Students' traditional cultural identity, in which the mediating effects of cultural cognitive breadth and cultural cognitive depth are significant, and both are partial mediators. Based on the conclusion, this paper puts forward some suggestions, such as setting the agenda and innovating communication forms with the help of new media platform. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cognitive sociology has been split into cultural and interdisciplinary traditions that position themselves differently in relation to the cognitive sciences and make incompatible assumptions about cognition. This article provides an analysis and assessment of the cognitive and methodological assumptions of these two traditions from the perspective of the mechanistic theory of explanation. We argue that while the cultural tradition of cognitive sociology has provided important descriptions about how human cognition varies across cultural groups and historical periods, it has not opened up the black box of cognitive mechanisms that produce and sustain this variation. This means that its explanations for the described phenomena have remained weak. By contrast, the interdisciplinary tradition of cognitive sociology has sought to integrate cognitive scientific concepts and methods into explanatory research on how culture influences action and how culture is stored in memory. Although we grant that interdisciplinary cognitive sociologists have brought many fresh ideas, concepts and methods to cultural sociology from the cognitive sciences, they have not always clarified their assumptions about cognition and their models have sketched only a few specific cognitive mechanisms through which culture influences action, meaning that they have not yet provided a comprehensive explanatory understanding of the interactions between culture, cognition and action. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Anthropogenic climate change threatens the structure and function of ecosystems throughout the globe, but many people are still skeptical of its existence. Traditional “knowledge deficit model” thinking has suggested that providing the public with more facts about climate change will assuage skepticism. However, presenting evidence contrary to prior beliefs can have the opposite effect and result in a strengthening of previously held beliefs, a phenomenon known as biased assimilation or a backfire effect. Given this, strategies for effectively communicating about socioscientific issues that are politically controversial need to be thoroughly investigated. We randomly assigned 184 undergraduates from an environmental science class to one of three experimental conditions in which we exposed them to short videos that employed different messaging strategies: (a) an engaging science lecture, (b) consensus messaging, and (c) elite cues. We measured changes in student perceptions of climate change across five constructs (content knowledge, acceptance of scientific consensus, perceived risk, support for action, and climate identity) before and after viewing videos. Consensus messaging outperformed the other two conditions in increasing student acceptance of the scientific consensus, perceived risk of climate change, and climate identity, suggesting this may be an effective strategy for communicating the gravity of anthropogenic climate change. Elite cues outperformed the engaging science lecture condition in increasing student support for action on climate, with politically conservative students driving this relationship, suggesting that the messenger is more important than the message if changing opinions about the necessity of action on climate change is the desired outcome. Relative to the other conditions, the engaging science lecture did not support change in students' perceptions on climate, but appealing to student respect for authority produced positive results. Notably, we observed no decline in students' acceptance of climate science, indicating that none of the conditions induced a backfire effect.

ABSTRACTThis article takes Ang Lee’s Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon (CTHD in abbreviation) as an audiovisual translation discourse to explore its cognition, translation and reconfiguration of culture. It constructs an analytical framework that consists of three notions, namely cultural cognition, cultural translation and cultural reconfiguration. Within this framework, the three defined notions are used to guide the analysis of CTHD. The findings reveal that Ang Lee’s CTHD is featured by a diasporic/intercultural Chinese identity that is rooted in his cultural cognition of an imaginatively traditional China. He skillfully tells a Chinese romantic wuxia story that represents the conflicts and negotiations between Chinese classic culture and Western ideological values (e.g., feminism). English subtitle translation plays a role in bridging the gap between Chinese culture and Western audiences, facilitating the dialog between East and West. In short, the romantic imagination of “Cultural China” shaped by Ang Lee presents a multicultural embracement of Chinese and Western cultures, but it objectively reinforces the stereotype of China as an “other” to the Western world.

Increasing attention is being given to traditional culture-orientated product design. While Chinese design students lack a deep understanding of traditional Chinese culture and its applications, little in-depth research has investigated this issue. Thus, how educators should guide and improve their students' cultural design in the context of current Chinese design education and practices remains unclear. This study explores these design students' cognition and application of different levels of Chinese cultural design elements to provide new insights for improving and adapting cultural design teaching practices. This study comprised three related stages. In stage 1, we extracted three levels of 15 representative cultural design elements from Chinese culture based on cultural hierarchy theory. In stage 2, we examined the students' cognition about different levels of cultural elements using two questionnaire surveys. In stage 3, we further compared the differences in the application of cultural elements between experts and students to explore the students' cultural application ability. The results showed that different design students have differing cognition of Chinese culture, which can be divided into two categories: i.e., cognitive deficiency or sufficiency. Compared with experts, students lack application experience and ability in the design elements of inner 'intangible' and middle 'behavioural' levels, because of their insufficient understanding of these two cultural design levels. These findings may reveal deficiencies in Chinese design students' cognition and application, and provide targeted cultural teaching guidance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study explored the effects of COVID-19 vaccine promotion messages highlighting the benefit at individual, community, and country levels. Based on the cultural theory of risks, we investigated how individuals' valuation of individualism vs. communitarianism and hierarchical vs. egalitarian social structure affect their responses to vaccine messages.Methods: An online experiment (N = 702) with four video message conditions (individual-centered, community-centered, country-centered, and no message) was conducted. Participants were asked about their cultural cognition worldview, then were randomly assigned to view one message. Participants also reported their willingness to receive COVID-19 vaccines and support for vaccine mandate.Results: Respondents were more likely to get vaccinated and support vaccine mandates after viewing an individual-centered message, less with a community-centered message. Individuals who value individualism were more likely to respond positively to individual-centered messages, but those who believe more in communitarianism value were less likely.Conclusion: Results showed that individuals are motivated selectively to respond to certain claims that cohere with their worldview and therefore respond differently to vaccine benefit frames.Practice Implications: The results point to the importance of understanding audiences' worldviews. By identifying this process through hierarchical and individualistic values, properly designed health promotion messages can maximize the desired outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was conducted to investigate students' perception of the integration of Chinese ethnic minority culture into the college EFL teaching which was carried out in the fall and spring semesters with different presentation topics. One and the same questionnaire was distributed to 61 participants, involving Han Chinese and Chinese ethnic minority students, at a university in ethnic minority area in China at the end of each semester, and SPSS 20.0 was used for t-test to analyze the data. The research results showed that Chinese undergraduates have got more significant improvements in cultural cognition, emotions, attitudes, and multi-cultural values in the spring semester than those in the fall semester. All participants benefit a lot from multi-cultural activities without significant differences between Han Chinese and ethnic minority students in both semesters. It is suggested that ethnic minority culture be integrated into the college EFL teaching, along with English culture and Chinese mainstream culture, which be administered as a practical teaching mode to develop students' intercultural competence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In US school settings and materials, climate change is often framed as an uncertain phenomenon. However, the effect of such denialist representations on youth's perceptions of climate change has not been empirically tested. To address this gap in the literature, this article reports on a survey-based experiment testing two framings of uncertainty about the causes and effects of climate change—one with a high level of uncertainty and one with a low level of uncertainty—on students' knowledge, attitudes, and behaviours related to climate change. The experiment was conducted with 453 middle and high school students. Students who read a text portraying climate change with high uncertainty reported lower levels of certainty about human-caused climate change. To explore how the students engaged cognitive resources when reading the experimental texts, regression analyses were used to test two hypotheses. The Knowledge Thesis predicts that youth will use their prior knowledge to evaluate the text, and the Norms Thesis predicts that youth will use the perceived norms of their social group to evaluate the text. Results suggested that students did not respond to the treatment differentially, given their differing levels of prior knowledge nor social norms accepting of climate change. Implications for practice include the necessity of explicit scaffolds to support deep critical engagement with informational, or dis-informational, text about climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding the factors associated with vaccine scepticism is challenging because of the 'small‐pockets' problem: The number of highly vaccine‐sceptical people is low, and small subsamples such as these can be missed using traditional regression approaches. To overcome this problem, the current study (N = 5,200) used latent profile analysis to uncover six profiles, including two micro‐communities of vaccine‐sceptical people who have the potential to jeopardize vaccine‐led herd immunity. The most vaccine‐sceptical group (1.14%) was highly educated and expressed strong liberal tendencies. This group was also the most sceptical about genetically modified crops and nuclear energy, and most likely to receive news about science from the Internet. The second‐most vaccine‐sceptical group (3.4%) was young, poorly educated, and politically extreme (both left and right). In resolving the small‐pockets problem, the current analyses also help reconcile competing theoretical perspectives about the role of education and political ideology in shaping anti‐vaccination views. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By all accounts, we currently live in a polarized political state in which virtually every fact is contestable. From climate change to vaccine efficacy, people feel free to choose their own facts to support politically charged arguments. Partisans in every area of American life are unable to agree on the basic assumptions underlying political debate. Research on cultural cognition demonstrates that people's political and cultural commitments shape how they process information from news sources, scientists, and public officials, thereby dictating which policies they support and which ones they oppose. When partisan loyalties determine what evidence people will accept, political compromise becomes difficult or even impossible. All is not lost, however. Cultural cognition has a powerful influence, but facts are stubborn things. In some areas of public debate, facts and evidence have overcome political divides. Furthermore, an understanding of the influence of cultural cognition can facilitate remedies to partisanship. This article examines the research that demonstrates the extent of cultural influences on people's understanding of public debates, identifies the limits of cultural cognition, and describes the extent to which cultural cognition itself provides keys to breaking down partisan divides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Linking borders to cognition can widen our understandings of space–society relations. In this contribution, border-making will be related to the creation of urban place distinctions and place narratives that create a sense of specific "thereness." The focus is not on cognitive mappings of urban borders as such. Rather, border-making will be revealed as an intersubjective creation of meaning in the guise of socially communicated narratives of place distinction—stories and knowledges of place that reflect embodied experience of place specificity and relationality with regard to wider urban contexts. I argue that the utility of interpreting urban spaces and places in this fashion lies in understanding why borders within society are created and how they become evident in the process of meaning-making. This perspective also helps us understand the significance of place and why cities and their neighbourhoods are continuously appropriated and reappropriated in social, cultural, and political terms. As borders tell stories, border-making itself involves narratives of change and continuity that can reveal much about how places function—or fail to function—as communities. Developing an approach elaborated by Scott and Sohn, examples of urban border-making will be gleaned from Berlin and Warsaw. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article maps political rhetoric by national leaders during the COVID‐19 pandemic. We identify and characterize global variations in major rhetorical storylines invoked in publicly available speeches (N = 1201) across a sample of 26 countries. Employing a text analytics or corpus linguistics approach, we show that state heads rhetorically lead their nations by: enforcing systemic interventions, upholding global unity, encouraging communal cooperation, stoking national fervor, and assuring responsive governance. Principal component analysis further shows that country‐level rhetoric is organized along emergent dimensions of cultural cognition: an agency‐structure axis to define the loci of pandemic interventions and a hierarchy‐egalitarianism axis which distinguishes top‐down enforcement from bottom‐up calls for cooperation. Furthermore, we detect a striking contrast between countries featuring populist versus cosmopolitan rhetoric, which diverged in terms of their collective meaning making around leading over versus leading with, as well as their experienced pandemic severity. We conclude with implications for understanding global pandemic leadership in an unequal world and the contributions of mixed‐methods approaches to a generative political psychology in times of crisis. HighlightsDuring a global pandemic, political leaders must adapt their rhetoric to local societal conditions. Our work affirms the importance of political governance that elevates strong institutions while empowering public cooperation, but cautions that these may be most readily enacted in more democratic and economically developed contexts. In poorer, less democratic settings, rhetoric emphasizing accountable governance should be responsive to bottom‐up grassroots efforts in local communities, in contrast to the tightening grip of top‐down militarized policing in states witnessing the opportunistic creep of authoritarianism during a period of societal disorder. Finally, rhetoric where leaders uphold global ideals underscore wider identities of international collaborations in a global crisis, in contrast to more insularizing nationalistic rhetoric. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this article is to explore one of the possibilities of alleviating or countering problematic public disagreement about uncontroversial conclusions of science which is not in the domain of reasonable pluralism, i.e. those conclusions that are not controversial among the experts in the field. Using Dan Kahan's theory of cultural cognition to identify the dominant cause of the problem - epistemic group polarisation, I suggest that one of the rectifying strategies that could be employed is based on the account of hybrid epistemic and moral virtues, as conceived by Miranda Fricker. Civic friendship is suggested as such a hybrid virtue which in addition to its moral component, also has significant epistemic benefits in alleviating the problem of public disagreement of the kind described in this article. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anthropogenic climate change threatens the structure and function of ecosystems throughout the globe, but many people are still skeptical of its existence. Traditional "knowledge deficit model" thinking has suggested that providing the public with more facts about climate change will assuage skepticism. However, presenting evidence contrary to prior beliefs can have the opposite effect and result in a strengthening of previously held beliefs, a phenomenon known as biased assimilation or a backfire effect. Given this, strategies for effectively communicating about socioscientific issues that are politically controversial need to be thoroughly investigated. We randomly assigned 184 undergraduates from an environmental science class to one of three experimental conditions in which we exposed them to short videos that employed different messaging strategies: (a) an engaging science lecture, (b) consensus messaging, and (c) elite cues. We measured changes in student perceptions of climate change across five constructs (content knowledge, acceptance of scientific consensus, perceived risk, support for action, and climate identity) before and after viewing videos. Consensus messaging outperformed the other two conditions in increasing student acceptance of the scientific consensus, perceived risk of climate change, and climate identity, suggesting this may be an effective strategy for communicating the gravity of anthropogenic climate change. Elite cues outperformed the engaging science lecture condition in increasing student support for action on climate, with politically conservative students driving this relationship, suggesting that the messenger is more important than the message if changing opinions about the necessity of action on climate change is the desired outcome. Relative to the other conditions, the engaging science lecture did not support change in students' perceptions on climate, but appealing to student respect for authority produced positive results. Notably, we observed no decline in students' acceptance of climate science, indicating that none of the conditions induced a backfire effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With salience, credibility, and legitimacy as organizing themes, we investigated how opposing communities engaged with scientific information for two contentious proposed energy projects in western Canada, and how their perceptions of science influenced its use in decision-making. The Trans Mountain pipeline expansion, to carry diluted bitumen from northern Alberta’s oil sands to tankers on British Columbia’s (BC) south coast, was expected to adversely impact biodiversity and contribute to climate change. The Bute Inlet hydroelectric project, a large renewable energy project planned for BC’s Central Coast, was anticipated to impact biodiversity but was largely seen as climate-friendly. Based on surveys and interviews with 68 participants who had made one or more personal or professional decisions pertaining to the projects, we discovered that values, cultural cognition, and media effects permeated all aspects of using scientific evidence—from commissioning scientific research to selecting, assessing, and weighing it with other forms of information. As a result, science was developed and used to support positions rather than to inform decisions. We discuss ways to improve the use of science in environmental assessments and other planning and development processes where engaged communities are divided by oppositional positions. We hope this research will lead to community-university partnerships that identify broadly salient, credible, and legitimate sources of information about energy and climate issues, and foster knowledge mobilization across conflict divides.

The situation caused by the appearance of Covid-19 can be viewed as a critical event: typologically, it is an unprecedented event, which requires and shapes new forms of historical action hitherto unknown in the given context. Critical events serve as strong value and emotional landmarks in the cultural cognition of each social environment, and form the basis for a meaningful determination towards other events. Using material collected primarily from the online versions of electronic and printed media, we consider how the reality they presented is shaped through the news through the statements of politicians and medical doctors in Serbia. We trace how the narrative transformation of socio-cultural reality took place from the time before the of Covid-19 outbreak in our country to the time immediately after the lifting of the state of emergency declared due to that infection. The premise of all that is being done to tackle the infection is not a purpose in itself, but aims to enable a return to the life we were accustomed to before the outbreak of the epidemic. Covid-19 destabilizes our everyday life – a life that consists of work or study, use of free time, socializing etc. Such everyday life is a reference point of "normalcy". Socio-cultural normalcy refers to all that is understood as a normal and undisturbed course of everyday life. The appearance of Covid-19 gave rise to the notion of the "new normal", that is, a course of everyday life that is similar to normal, ordinary life, but with adherence to measures aimed at preventing the spread of infection by the authorities. In the paper we deal with the period that begins just before the outbreak of Covid-19 in our country, and ends with the period after the lifting of the state of emergency, to show the discursively produced picture of social reality in which the concept of the "new normal" serves as a cultural cognitive tool for understanding a situation in which one has to live with Covid-19 in order to one day be able to return to the way of life that existed before it.

This study aims to reveal and compare the embodied cognition of English and Turkish speakers through their use of body part terms in basic colour term idioms. More specifically, it addresses the distribution of the body part terms in Turkish and English basic colour term idioms and conceptual metonymies underlying these idioms, and it interprets the findings in terms of socio-cultural and socio-cognitive structures in the minds and linguistic practices of people of Turkish and English cultures. In order to achieve this aim, the idioms with Berlin and Kay’s basic colour terms and body part terms are selected from the specialized dictionaries on idioms. After the collection of data, the cognitive analysis is conducted within the framework of Conceptual Metaphor Theory. The result demonstrates that although there are some conceptual metaphors and metonymies which tend to be universal as they are grounded in bodily experience, English and Turkish speakers’ conceptualizations through the basic colour terms and body parts vary tremendously because of different socio-cultural and socio-cognitive backgrounds of these speech communities.