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The purpose of this study was to investigate whether young teachers' Big Five personality traits relate to work engagement and job satisfaction directly and indirectly via teaching style, specifically autonomy-supportive and controlling styles. A total of 1887 Chinese teachers (M.sub.age = 27.30, SD = 2.93) completed an online questionnaire. Results from structural equation modeling revealed significant effects of teachers' personalities on work engagement and job satisfaction, showing that both teaching styles mediated the relationship between four of the personality traits (except extraversion) and work engagement and job satisfaction. Higher openness, agreeableness, and conscientiousness and lower neuroticism related more with autonomy-supportive teaching and less with controlling teaching; these four traits in turn related more with work engagement and job satisfaction. Findings highlight the role of personality and teaching style in teacher-related outcomes and indicate the necessity of promoting an adaptive teaching style to facilitate teacher development., Author(s): Jing Li [sup.1] , Meilin Yao [sup.1] , Hongrui Liu [sup.1] , Lifan Zhang [sup.1] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.20513.35, 0000 0004 1789 9964, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, [...]

Objective To explore the characteristics and their significance of peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets in patients with active tuberculosis(ATB), based on a relatively large sample. Methods Clinical data were retrospectively collected from patients with ATB hospitalized in Peking Union Medical College Hospital (June 2012-January 2022) and the healthy population matched with age and sex (March 2019-May 2022). The characteristics of changes in peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets in ATB patients were analyzed using the healthy population as controls, and group comparisons were made between ATB patients with different modes of diagnosis and sites of involvement. Results A total of 212 ATB patients and 200 healthy participants were included. ATB patients consisted of 82 cases (38.7%) without etiological evidence and 130 cases(61.3%) with etiological evidence (77 with pulmonary tuberculosis, 21 with extrapulmonary tuberculosis, and 32 with pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis). Compared to healthy population, ATB patients had significantly lower counts and percentages of multiple peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets indicators, significantly higher percentage in T lymphocyte, CD8+T lymphocyte as well as higher memory CD4+T lymphocyte/CD4+T lymphocyte ratio and CD38+CD8+T lymphocyte/CD8+T lymphocyte ratio(all P < 0.05). Lymphocyte, B-cell, natural killer (NK) cell, T-lymphocyte, CD4+T-lymphocyte, and CD8+T-lymphocyte counts were lower in patients with pathogenetically confirmed ATB than in those with clinically confirmed ATB (all P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in the counts of memory CD4+T lymphocytes, naïve CD4+T lymphocytes, CD28+T lymphocytes and activated CD8+T lymphocyte subpopulations and their percentages in patients with different tuberculosis infection sites (all P > 0.05). Compared to pulmonary tuberculosis alone, patients with pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis had lower B-cell counts[23(10, 69)cells/μL vs. 73(25, 133)cells/μL, P=0.003] and patients with extrapulmonary tuberculosis alone had higher percentages of NK cells[16.7%(10.8%, 23.6%) vs. 10.6% (5.3%, 17.4%), P=0.042]. Conclusion ATB patients manifested a reduction in peripheral blood lymphocyte subset, indicating remarkable dysfunction of immune system.

Regulatory focus may shape the manner in which students perceive and respond to learning environments and then further influence their attitudes and behaviors. In the current study, 1487 adolescents in China were surveyed to illuminate the relationship between regulatory focus and learning engagement. The results showed that promotion focus was a positive predictor of learning engagement, whereas prevention focus was a negative predictor. Both academic self-efficacy and depression mediated the relationship between the two foci and learning engagement. Moreover, five regulatory focus profiles identified by adopting a person-centered approach were found to relate to academic self-efficacy, depression, and learning engagement in various ways. Compared with other profiles, the one with high promotion focus and low prevention focus showed higher academic self-efficacy and lower depression and, in turn, demonstrated greater learning engagement, suggesting that such a profile may be the most beneficial for adolescent development.

The rise of social media platforms has led to an increase in the flow and dissemination of information, but it has also made generating and spreading rumors easier. Rumor detection requires understanding the context and semantics of text, dealing with the evolving nature of rumors, and processing vast amounts of data in real-time. Deep learning (DL)-based techniques exhibit a higher accuracy in detecting rumors on social media compared to many traditional machine learning approaches. This study presents a systematic review of DL approaches in rumor detection, analyzing datasets, pre-processing methods, feature taxonomy, and frequently used DL methods. In the context of feature selection, we categorize features into three areas: text-based, user-based, and propagation-based. Besides, we surveyed the trends in DL models for rumor detection and classified them into convolutional neural networks (CNN), recurrent neural networks (RNN), graph neural networks (GNN), and other methods based on the model structure. It offers insights into effective algorithms and strategies, aiming to guide researchers, developers, social media users, and governments in detecting and preventing the spread of false information. The study contributes to enhancing research in this field and identifies potential areas for future exploration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Current immunologic methods cannot distinguish Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection statuses, especially to discriminate active tuberculosis (ATB) from latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI). This study explored the potential of latency-associated antigens (Rv1733cSLP and Rv2028c) and multifactorial cytokine detection to distinguish tuberculosis infection states. Methods: ATB patients (20), LTBI healthcare workers (25), fever patients (11), and healthy controls (10) were enrolled. Cytokine levels (IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-2, IL-6, IP-10, IL-1Ra, CXCL-1, and MCP-1) were measured using Luminex with/without MTB-specific virulence factor and latency-associated antigens stimulation. Results: Without antigen stimulation, IL-6, IP-10, MCP-1, and IL-1Ra were higher in the ATB group than in the LTBI group (p< 0.05), but no significant differences between the ATB group and the fever group. Stimulated with the four antigens, respectively, the cytokines, including IP-10Esat− 6, IP-10CFP− 10, IFN-γRv1733cSLP, IFN-γRv2028c, IL-6Esat− 6, IL-6Rv1733cSLP, IL-6Rv2028c, IL-2Rv1733cSLP, IL-2 Rv2028c, IL-1RaEsat− 6, IL-1RaCFP− 10, IL-1RaRv2028c, CXCL-1Esat− 6, CXCL-1CFP− 10, CXCL-1Rv1733cSLP, CXCL-1Rv2028c, MCP-1Esat− 6 and MCP-1CFP− 10, demonstrated accurate discrimination between ATB and LTBI (p< 0.05). Additive concentrations demonstrated significant secretion differences of IFN-γ, IP-10 and IL-2, primarily by virulence factors in ATB and latency-associated antigens in LTBI. Latency-associated antigens synergized with virulence factors, enhancing TH1-type cytokine diagnostic efficacy for discriminating ATB from LTBI, the AUC for TNF-α increased from 0.696 to 0.820 (p=0.038), IFN-γ increased from 0.806 to 0.962 (p=0.025), and IL-2 increased from 0.565 to 0.868 (p=0.007). Model selected by forward likelihood method indicated combined detection of IFN-γCFP− 10, IFN-γRv1733cSLP, IP-10Rv1733cSLP, and CXCL-1Rv1733cSLP achieved ATB diagnosis (AUC=0.996) and ATB-LTBI differentiation (AUC=0.992). Combined detection of IFN-γCFP− 10 and IFN-γRv1733cSLP achieved tuberculosis infection diagnosis (AUC=0.943). Conclusion: Latency-associated antigens enhance multiple cytokine discriminatory ability, particularly TH1-type cytokines, for differentiating Mtb infection statuses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tuberculosis preventive treatment (TPT) is an important strategy for tuberculosis (TB) control. Rheumatic diseases (RD) patients are at high risk for active TB development. More researches are needed in terms of patient compliance in clinical practice. This study aims to explore the potential difficulties and obstacles in latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) screening and TPT in RD patients. Methods: Convenience sampling was used to recruit RD outpatients who had indications for LTBI screening and TPT. All participants were given questionnaires on knowledge and attitudes regarding screening and preventive treatment of LTBI. Results: Of the 200 RD patients, most people were aware that they were at increased risk of ATB due to their rheumatic disease and knew that TB was curable. The main association with willingness to have screening for LTBI was tertiary education (P = 0.013). The main association with willingness to take treatment for LTBI was a sense of personal risk and belief that the treatment would reduce risk of ATB (P < 0.001). More than half of the people surveyed could not accept taking 6 or more pills per day, while more than half of the patients could tolerate a treatment course of 9 months or longer. Most (65.4%) preferred their own rheumatologists to initiate treatment. Conclusion: Educating RD patients about their individual risks of TB and the side effects of treatment, and educating/empowering rheumatologists to discuss these aspects with their patients and to offer LTBI screening and treatment, may help improve patients′ compliance with LTBI screening and TPT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

P2O5 has been widely used as an acid‐base catalyst for the O‐methylation of catechol to guaiacol due to its suitable acid strength; however, its stability, which is a significant concern for industrial applications, has not seen significant breakthroughs. Herein, we developed a facile impregnation strategy to synthesize Ce promote P2O5 supported on mesoporous silica (CeP/SBA). The CeP/SBA‐500 carbonized at 500 °C exhibited the highest catalytic activity with a catechol conversion of 71.5 %. The high activity stems from the addition of Ce, forming CePO4, which exhibits improved surface acidity compared to P2O5. Importantly, chemisorption and in situ infrared studies revealed that CePO4 shows stronger adsorption of catechol, which then rapidly converts to guaiacol. The CeP/SBA‐500 exhibits excellent stability with no activity decrease after 10 h of continuous flow reaction, attributed to the absence of a decrease in CePO4 surface acidity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Past research has revealed direct effects of parental involvement and parenting style on children's achievement goals separately, however, it is necessary to investigate the interactive mechanism in an integrated way. This study examined the relations between children's perception of different dimensions of parental involvement (i.e. home-based involvement, school-based involvement and academic socialisation) and their achievement goals, and the moderating role of parenting style (i.e. parental autonomy support vs. psychological control). Participants were 614 Chinese fourth and fifth grades students. Results showed that home-based involvement was positively associated with performance-approach goals, school-based involvement was positively associated with mastery goals, and academic socialisation was positively associated with both mastery and performance-approach goals. Parental psychological control moderated the relationships between performance-approach goals and two types of parental involvement: Academic socialisation and home-based involvement. These findings underscored the need of taking a multidimensional approach in conceptualising parental involvement, and that parental involvement should be expressed in an appropriate context of parenting style.