Search

旨在提高油莎豆油的提取率，对油莎豆进行不同时间的汽爆预处理，探究汽爆预处理对油莎豆的化学组分、微观结构以及油脂提取率的影响。结果显示：汽爆预处理使油莎豆的脂溶物和水溶物含量增加，纤维素、半纤维素和果胶含量减少，木质素含量增加；汽爆预处理使油莎豆细胞壁主要化学键发生断裂或修饰；汽爆（30 min）后油莎豆形状发生明显变化，细胞间裂缝变大，细胞结构破损，排列杂乱；汽爆后油莎豆的油脂提取率增至18.41%，比汽爆前(14.58%)提高26.27%。综上，汽爆破壁促进油莎豆油提取的方法是可行的。In order to improve the extraction rate of Cyperus esculentus oil, the Cyperus esculentus was pretreated with steam explosion for different time, and the effects of steam explosion pretreatment on the chemical composition, microstructure and oil extraction rate of Cyperus esculentus were explored. The results showed that steam explosion increased the contents of fat soluble matter and water soluble matter, decreased the contents of cellulose, hemicellulose and pectin, and increased the content of lignin. The main chemical bonds of Cyperus esculentus cell wall were broken or modified by steam explosion pretreatment. After steam explosion for 30 min, the shape of Cyperus esculentus changed obviously, the cracks between the cells became larger, the cell structure was damaged, and the arrangement was disorderly. After steam explosion, the oil extraction rate of Cyperus esculentus increased to 18.41%, which was 26.27% higher than that before steam explosion (14.58%). In conclusion, the method of steam explosion for wall rupture to promote oil extraction of Cyperus esculentus is feasible.

The purpose of this study is to clarify the differential effects of the application rate of slow-release nitrogen fertilizer (SRFN) on the nitrogen (N) accumulation dynamics, nutrient organ N distribution and transportation, yield, and N utilization efficiency of maize harvested using grain-type machines. This has significant implications for the scientific application of SRFN, as well as for reducing its application rate and improving its efficiency, in the agro-pastoral transitional zone of northern China. In a long-term positioning experiment that began in 2018, five treatments consisting of different SRFN application rates were set up, namely, N120 (120 kg ha−1), N180 (180 kg ha−1), N240 (240 kg ha−1), N300 (300 kg ha−1), and N360 (360 kg ha−1), with no fertilization during the growth period used as control (CK) treatment. To explore the characteristics of nitrogen accumulation dynamics in maize populations and the main factors affecting maize yield formation under the different SRFN application rate treatments, this study adopted a combination of quantitative analyses and model fitting, including logistic models, principal component analysis, and structural equation modeling. The research results show that SRFN application increased the aboveground N accumulation of the maize population, and the fitting effect of the logistic models was significant. The maximum rate of N accumulation in both years showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing with the increase in the SRFN application rate. Compared with CK, SRFN application reduced the proportion of N distribution in the nutrient organs during the R6 stage, and it increased the N transport from the nutrient organs to the grains after the VT-R1 stage. With the increase in the SRFN application rate, both the economic yield and biological yield showed a single peak curve change and were maximized in the N240 treatment. The economic yield reached 15,342.07 kg ha−1 in 2020 and 16,323.51 kg ha−1 in 2021, increasing by 36.2% and 61.7% compared with CK, respectively. The apparent N fertilizer recovery rate, N uptake efficiency, N agronomic efficiency, and N fertilizer partial productivity all gradually decreased with the increase in the SRFN application rate. In maize populations, an appropriate SRFN application rate can adjust the characteristic parameters during the aboveground N accumulation rapid growth period, increase the N accumulation amount in aboveground parts, promote the transport of N from nutrient organs to grains, and improve yield. An application of 180–240 kg ha−1 SRFN is recommended for maize cultivation in the agro-pastoral transitional zone of northern China, as it is beneficial for stabilizing and increasing maize yield, as well as reducing the rate and improving the efficiency of N fertilizer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

TC4 titanium alloy has been widely used in the automotive field due to its exceptional properties. However, inherent defects such as low hardness and poor wear resistance for TC4 alloy limited its wider application. The microarc oxidation (MAO) technique was employed in this paper to prepare MAO coatings on TC4 titanium alloy. The microstructure, phase structure, mechanical properties, and tribological performance were systematically evaluated. The results show that the coating contains a large amount of rutile TiO2 hard phase after MAO treatment, which significantly improves the mechanical properties of the substrate. The hardness of the MAO coating can reach 581 HV.05. Furthermore, the synergistic lubrication effect of onion‐like carbon (OLC) nanoparticles and organic molybdenum dithiocarbamate (MoDTC) in PAO oil was observed for MAO‐treated TC4. Particularly, when.01 wt.% OLC is used with 1 wt.% MoDTC oil, the coefficient of friction (COF) decreases to.062, and the wear rate decreases to 4.3 × 10−7 mm3/Nm. Combined Raman and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis indicate that OLC is deposited on coating area to form a lubricating carbon film. Additionally, OLC can promote the decomposition of MoDTC during sliding to generate a tribofilm containing MoS2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

以内蒙古油莎豆主要栽培品种（圣漠1号、中油莎1号、丰产1号和达旗1号）为材料，对4个不同品种油莎豆的基本营养成分、脂肪酸组成、VE含量和矿质元素含量进行测定，分析比较不同品种油莎豆的营养价值和品质差异。结果表明：4个不同品种油莎豆的基本营养成分存在差异，但均富含淀粉（21.15%～25.40%）、膳食纤维（20.15%～21.95%）、脂肪（23.35%～25.60%）和总糖（17.10%～17.95%），可作为提取淀粉、糖类和脂肪的优良原料；各品种油莎豆脂肪酸组成基本相同，以油酸（9.120 0～10.600 0 g/100 g）、亚油酸（0.051 8～1.515 0 g/100 g）和棕榈酸（0.037 8～1.995 0 g/100 g）为主，可作为生产油酸和优质食用油的原料；4个品种油莎豆均富含VE（4.39~559 mg/100 g），且均富含Ca(476～1 253 mg/kg)、Fe（142.5～216.5 mg/kg）、Zn（10.15～17.95 mg/kg）和Se（0053～0.072 mg/kg）。圣漠1号可以用来制作油莎豆面粉及其制品，中油莎1号适用于提取高品质的油莎豆油，达旗1号更适合提取高纯度的油酸，而丰产1号的各种营养物质比较均衡。 The basic nutrients, fatty acid composition, VE content and mineral elements contents of four cultivars of Cyperus esculentus were measured with main cultivars of Cyperus esculentus (Shengmo No.1, Zhongyousha No.1, Fengchan No.1 and Daqi No.1) in Inner Mongolia as materials to analyze and compare the differences in nutritional value and quality of different cultivars of Cyperus esculentus. The results showed that there were differences in the basic nutrients of four different varieties of Cyperus esculentus, but they were all rich in starch（21.15%-25.40%）, dietary fiber（20.15%-21.95%）, fat（23.35%-25.60%） and total sugar（17.10%-17.95%）, and could be used as raw materials for extracting starch, sugar and fat. The fatty acid composition of four varieties was basically the same, mainly oleic acid （9.120 0-10.600 0 g/100 g），linoleic acid（0.051 8-1.515 0 g/100 g）and palmitic acid（0.037 8-1.995 0 g/100 g）, which could be used as raw materials for the production of oleic acid and high-quality edible oil. Furthermore,they were rich in VE(4.39-5.59 mg/100 g), and calcium(476-1 253 mg/kg), iron（142.5-216.5 mg/kg）, zinc（10.15-17.95 mg/kg） and selenium（0053-0.072 mg/kg）. Shengmo No.1 could be used to make Cyperus esculentus flour and its products, Zhongyousha No.1 was suitable for extracting high quality Cyperus esculentus oil, Daqi No.1 was more suitable for extracting high purity oleic acid, and Fengchan No.1 had a relatively balanced variety of nutrients.

This study investigated the corrosion and tribocorrosion behavior of CrN and CrAlN coatings deposited on steel through direct current magnetron sputtering. Additionally, the effects of Al addition on the microstructure, corrosion inhibition, and tribocorrosion behavior of CrN coatings were evaluated. Compared with the CrN coating, the CrAlN coating exhibited a denser columnar crystal structure and a higher hardness of 23.8 GPa. The CrAlN coating reacted with water to form Al2O3 and Cr2O3 films, which enhanced its corrosion resistance. Moreover, the addition of Al enhanced the wear resistance of the CrN coating and reduced the material loss due to corrosion, wear, and their synergistic effects. The CrAlN coating exhibited a low corrosion current density of 1.14 × 10−8 A/cm2, indicating a 92% reduction compared with the CrN coating. Furthermore, under either open circuit potential or anodic accelerated tribocorrosion conditions, the CrAlN coating featured significantly lower total material loss and synergistic material loss than the CrN coating, demonstrating higher corrosion and tribocorrosion protection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are beneficial microorganisms ubiquitous in soil that form symbiotic mycorrhizal structures with plant roots. When the host plant is exposed to temperature stress, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi can improve the host plant's resistance by helping regulate the growth of underground and aboveground parts. In recent years, due to climate change, extremely high and low temperatures have occurred more frequently and for longer durations, significantly impacting plant growth, antioxidant systems, osmotic balance, photosynthesis, and related gene expression. Consequently, numerous scholars have used arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi to aid plants, confirming that arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi can help host plants improve their ability to resist temperature stress. In this paper, the quantitative research method of Meta-analysis was used to collate and build a database of 129 relevant works to evaluate the effects of AMF on plant resistance to temperature stress and explore the response mechanism of AMF to host plants subjected to temperature stress, providing a theoretical basis for further exploring arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in improving plant resistance to temperature stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), as flexible and stretchable materials, have attracted considerable attention in the field of novel flexible electronics due to their excellent mechanical, optical, and electronic properties. Among the various TMD materials, atomically thin MoS2 has become the most widely used material due to its advantageous properties, such as its adjustable bandgap, excellent performance, and ease of preparation. In this work, we demonstrated the practicality of a stacked wafer-scale two-layer MoS2 film obtained by transferring multiple single-layer films grown using chemical vapor deposition. The MoS2 field-effect transistor cell had a top-gated device structure with a (PI) film as the substrate, which exhibited a high on/off ratio (108), large average mobility (∼8.56 cm2 V−1 s−1), and exceptional uniformity. Furthermore, a range of flexible integrated logic devices, including inverters, NOR gates, and NAND gates, were successfully implemented via traditional lithography. These results highlight the immense potential of TMD materials, particularly MoS2, in enabling advanced flexible electronic and optoelectronic devices, which pave the way for transformative applications in future-generation electronics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]