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Abstract Lymphocyte activating gene-3 (LAG3) is a distinctive T cell co-receptor that is expressed on the surface of lymphocytes. It plays a special inhibitory immune checkpoint role due to its unique domain and signaling pattern. Our aim is to explore the correlation between LAG3 in cancers and physiological processes related to a range of cancers, as well as build LAG3-related immunity and prognostic models. By comprehensively using of datasets and methods from TCGA, GTE-x and GEO databases, cBioPortal, HPA, Kaplan-Meier Plotter, Spearman, CellMinerTM, we delved deeper into the potential impact of the LAG3 in cancer development. These include expression differences, Localization of tumor cell subsets, immune infiltration, matrix infiltration, gene mutations, DNA methylation, signaling pathways and prognosis. Furthermore, we explored LAG3 interactions with different drugs. LAG3 is highly expressed in ACC (p

Abstract Background There are many types of foreign bodies in the bladder and urethra. The most common way is to insert foreign bodies through the external urethra by oneself or by others. It is often seen in situations such as masturbation, mental disorder, curiosity, etc. This article discusses the clinical diagnosis and treatment methods and preventive measures for foreign bodies in the bladder and urethra caused by sexual fetishes. Case presentation This article introduces a rare case. The patient was a 54-year-old male who inserted a thermometer into his urethra during masturbation and could not remove it. During the operation, we tried various methods to remove the thermometer many times, but due to the angle of the thermometer embedded in the bladder and urethra and the smooth tip of the thermometer, it could not be removed with foreign body forceps. Finally, a homemade negative pressure aspirator (consisting of a section of infusion tube and a 50 ml syringe) was used to completely remove the thermometer from the bladder and urethra. The Written informed consent was obtained from patient did not experience complications such as mercury leakage and bladder and urethral perforation. A telephone follow-up 4 months later showed that the patient urinated smoothly without discomfort such as frequent urination and urgency. Discussion There are many types of vesicourethral foreign bodies. When treating vesicourethral foreign bodies clinically, these can be removed through endoscopy, laparoscopy or open surgery according to the size, type and nature of the foreign bodies. At the same time, in order to effectively prevent the occurrence of bladder and urethra foreign bodies, sex education should be vigorously promoted.

The information synchronization problem is one of the difficulties in the application of multi-base active sonar systems. In existing research and application, it is usually assumed that the receiving station knows the pulse transmission time of the transmitting station, the spatial location information of the sound source, and the transmission waveform parameters, thus can calculate the echo sound path, locate the target, and obtain the time processing gain of the echo signal. However, these conditions may not be met in practice. The obstacles and possible solutions for information synchronization in different application scenarios were first discussed. A multi-base active location method based on cross-domain information synchronization was then proposed for the situation where there is an external communication link between the receiving and transmitting stations, but the link is unreliable, or the delay is uncertain. This method used the basic physical law that the direct wave arrives at the receiving station before the target echo. The receiving station first obtained the position and waveform parameter information of the transmitting station through the external link and then estimated the transmission time according to the direct wave arrival time and the distance between stations. It had high engineering feasibility. Finally, the factors affecting the accuracy of time and position synchronization and the target positioning error caused by the time and space information error were discussed and simulated.

ObjectiveTo analyze the epidemiological characteristics of hepatitis C incidence and incidence trend from 2012 to 2023 and predict the incidence for 2024 – 2025 in Gansu province for the development of hepatitis C prevention and control strategies among local residents. MethodsData on hepatitis C incidence reported in Gansu province from 2012 to 2023 were collected from the Infectious Disease Reporting Information Management System of the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. A descriptive analysis of the epidemiological characteristics of hepatitis C incidence in Gansu province was conducted, and both the GM(1,1) model, linear and nonlinear curve regression analysis were performed to fit the annual incidence of hepatitis C. The optimal model was selected to predict the incidence of hepatitis C incidence for 2024–2025 among residents of Gansu province. ResultsDuring the 12-year period, a total of 83 306 hepatitis C cases were reported in Gansu province, with an average annual incidence rate (1/100 000) of 26.53 and annual specific incidence rates of 34.93, 29.10, 25.87, 30.21, 24.28, 29.71, 29.47, 28.04, 23.40, 22.49, 19.62, and 21.29 for the years from 2012 to 2023, respectively. There was an overall downward trend in the hepatitis C incidence rate during this period (χ2trend = 458.167, P = 0.006), with an average annual decrease of 1.13%. The average annual incidence rate of hepatitis C varied significantly among different regions of the province (χ2trend = 431.086, P = 0.007), with the top three average annual incidence rates of 96.78, 63.62, and 34.13 for Wuwei, Zhangye, and Lanzhou municipalities. The average annual incidence rate of hepatitis C for the male population (31.27) was significantly higher than that for the female population (19.36) (χ2 = 307.512, P = 0.008) and the rate differed significantly among the populations of different age groups (χ2trend = 53.104, P = 0.007), with the highest rate (46.13) for the population aged 45 – 54 years. The majority of the hepatitis C cases reported during the period (51 928, 64.48% of the total) were among farmers. Comparison of two models to fit the incidence data showed that the GM(1,1) model, with a mean absolute error (MAE) of 525.3 and a mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of 0.06%, outperformed the quadratic curve regression model, which had an MAE of 551.0 and a MAPE of 0.07%, indicating a better fit of the GM(1,1) model. Based on the GM(1,1) model analysis, the predicted number of hepatitis C cases in Gansu province would be 5 958 in 2024 and 5 801 in 2025, with a declining trend. ConclusionThe incidence of hepatitis C in Gansu province from 2012 to 2023 showed a decreasing trend, with a higher incidence rate among males, people aged 45 – 54 years, and farmers. The GM(1,1) model performs well in predicting the incidence trend of hepatitis C. The results suggest that comprehensive preventive measures against hepatitis C should be taken.

BackgroundThyroid disease (TD) is a prominent endocrine disorder that raises global health concerns; however, its comorbidity patterns remain unclear. ObjectiveThis study aims to apply a network-based method to comprehensively analyze the comorbidity patterns of TD using large-scale real-world health data. MethodsIn this retrospective observational study, we extracted the comorbidities of adult patients with TD from both private and public data sets. All comorbidities were identified using ICD-10 (International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision) codes at the 3-digit level, and those with a prevalence greater than 2% were analyzed. Patients were categorized into several subgroups based on sex, age, and disease type. A phenotypic comorbidity network (PCN) was constructed, where comorbidities served as nodes and their significant correlations were represented as edges, encompassing all patients with TD and various subgroups. The associations and differences in comorbidities within the PCN of each subgroup were analyzed and compared. The PageRank algorithm was used to identify key comorbidities. ResultsThe final cohorts included 18,311 and 50,242 patients with TD in the private and public data sets, respectively. Patients with TD demonstrated complex comorbidity patterns, with coexistence relationships differing by sex, age, and type of TD. The number of comorbidities increased with age. The most prevalent TDs were nontoxic goiter, hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, and thyroid cancer, while hypertension, diabetes, and lipoprotein metabolism disorders had the highest prevalence and PageRank values among comorbidities. Males and patients with benign TD exhibited a greater number of comorbidities, increased disease diversity, and stronger comorbidity associations compared with females and patients with thyroid cancer. ConclusionsPatients with TD exhibited complex comorbidity patterns, particularly with cardiocerebrovascular diseases and diabetes. The associations among comorbidities varied across different TD subgroups. This study aims to enhance the understanding of comorbidity patterns in patients with TD and improve the integrated management of these individuals.

IntroductionThe massive loss of global glacier mass caused by climate problems has caused concern, while the Earth’s rotation as the most significant form of motion has also been subtly affected. However, the quantitative effects of massive glaciers losing mass on Earth’s rotation have not been revealed.MethodsHerein, the knowledge of moment of inertia and suitable rotational inertia models in classical mechanics is initially utilized to assess the effect of quantitative glaciers losing mass on Earth's rotation.ResultsAfter specific calculations, the putative 200 billion tons of glaciers losing mass bring on an increase of 1.4099×10-4s in Earth’s rotation time in 365 days.DiscussionThis work examines the connection between glaciers losing mass and Earth’s rotation from classical mechanics, thus providing the way for investigations of relationship between climate changes and Earth.

Objectives Scoliosis associated with spondylolisthesis is a common phenomenon. Recent research has reported that scoliosis can spontaneously disappear after lumbar spinal fusion surgery. Researchers have advocated that, for scoliosis associated with vertebral slippage, surgery for the latter may be the only necessary intervention, while unnecessary surgery for scoliosis should be avoided. So we propose that minimally invasive techniques can achieve treatment effects similar to those of open surgery. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to investigate the clinical efficacy of unilateral dual‐channel endoscopic lumbar interbody fusion (ULIF) for treating lumbar spondylolisthesis with spinal scoliosis. Methods This study retrospectively analyzed patients with lumbar spondylolisthesis and spinal scoliosis who underwent ULIF between September 2021 and September 2023. Measurements of the Cobb angle, lumbar lordosis (LL) angle, sacral slope (SS), slip percentage (SP), slip angle (SA), L1 plumb line‐S1 distance (LASD), and average intervertebral height (AIH) were taken preoperatively, immediately following surgery, 3 months after surgery, and at the final follow‐up. The visual analogue scale (VAS), Oswestry disability index (ODI), and Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) scoring systems were used to assess clinical results. The surgical efficacy was evaluated by comparing these parameters before and after surgery. Comparison of indicators within the same group was conducted using one‐way repeated‐measures analysis of variance or paired sample t‐tests, whereas between‐group differences were compared using an independent t‐test. Results This study included 31 individuals who underwent surgery and completed follow‐up. The follow‐up period did not show a significant loss of corrective angles. Furthermore, the Cobb angle, SP, SA, and LASD significantly decreased after surgery, whereas the LL angle, SS, and AIH significantly increased (all p 0.05). However, other parameters significantly improved during the follow‐up period at all time points, except from 3 months to the final follow‐up period (p > 0.05). Throughout the follow‐up period, the lower back and leg pain VAS, ODI, and JOA scores considerably improved compared with the preoperative levels (p

Abstract Objective It has been demonstrated that IDO1, a target of immune checkpoint inhibition, functions as an oncogene in the majority of human malignancies. IDO1’s function in human pan-cancers hasn’t been thoroughly studied, though. Materials and methods The Kaplan–Meier (K-M) and COX analyses were applied to the survival analysis. Furthermore, we used Spearman’s correlation analysis to examine the associations between IDO1 and microsatellite instability (MSI), DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs), tumor mutational burden (TMB), the associated genes of mismatch repair (MMR), and immune checkpoint biomarkers. Moreover, immunohistochemical analysis and qRT-PCR were used to evaluate IDO1’s expression in pan-cancer cells. Results The findings of this study reveal that IDO1 has abnormal expression in a number of malignancies and is related to the prognosis for UVM, LGG, KIRP, GBM, LAML, OV, READ, MESO, SARC, SKCM, and HNSC. Furthermore, the aberrant IDO1 expression was connected to the TMB, MSI, MMR, drug sensitivity, immune cells infiltrating, and tumor immune microenvironment across a variety of cancer types. The PCR results showed that in contrast to normal cells, IDO1 was found to be significantly highly expressed in breast cancer cells and hepatocellular carcinoma cells, and significantly lowly expressed in gastric cancer cells. Conclusion The clinical treatment of IDO1 is now better supported by a theoretical basis and guidelines provided by our study.

Abstract The shortage and unevenness of fossil energy sources are affecting the development and progress of human civilization. The technology of efficiently converting material resources into energy for utilization and storage is attracting the attention of researchers. Environmentally friendly biomass materials are a treasure to drive the development of new‐generation energy sources. Electrochemical theory is used to efficiently convert the chemical energy of chemical substances into electrical energy. In recent years, significant progress has been made in the development of green and economical electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Although many reviews have been reported around the application of biomass‐derived catalytically active carbon (CAC) catalysts in ORR, these reviews have only selected a single/partial topic (including synthesis and preparation of catalysts from different sources, structural optimization, or performance enhancement methods based on CAC catalysts, and application of biomass‐derived CACs) for discussion. There is no review that systematically addresses the latest progress in the synthesis, performance enhancement, and applications related to biomass‐derived CAC‐based oxygen reduction electrocatalysts synchronously. This review fills the gap by providing a timely and comprehensive review and summary from the following sections: the exposition of the basic catalytic principles of ORR, the summary of the chemical composition and structural properties of various types of biomass, the analysis of traditional and the latest popular biomass‐derived CAC synthesis methods and optimization strategies, and the summary of the practical applications of biomass‐derived CAC‐based oxidative reduction electrocatalysts. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the latest advances to provide research directions and design ideas for the development of catalyst synthesis/optimization and contributes to the industrialization of biomass‐derived CAC electrocatalysis and electric energy storage.

Abstract Objective PD-L1, a target of immune checkpoint blockade, has been proven to take the role of an oncogene in most human tumors. However, the role of PD-L1 in human pan-cancers has not yet been fully investigated. Materials and methods Pan-cancer analysis was conducted to analyze expression, genetic alterations, prognosis analysis, and immunological characteristics of PD-L1. Estimating the correlation between PD-L1 expression and survival involved using pooled odds ratios and hazard ratios with 95% CI. The Kaplan–Meier (K-M) technique, COX analysis, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were applied to the survival analysis. Additionally, we investigated the relationships between PD-L1 and microsatellite instability (MSI), tumor mutational burden (TMB), DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs), the associated genes of mismatch repair (MMR), and immune checkpoint biomarkers using Spearman's correlation analysis. Also, immunohistochemical analysis and qRT-PCR were employed in evaluating PD-L1’s protein and mRNA expression in pan-caner. Results PD-L1 showed abnormal mRNA and protein expression in a variety of cancers and predicted prognosis in cancer patients. Furthermore, across a variety of cancer types, the aberrant PD-L1 expression was connected to the MSI, MMR, TMB, drug sensitivity, and tumor immune microenvironment (TIME). Moreover, PD-L1 was significantly correlated with infiltrating levels of immune cells (T cell CD8 + , neutrophil, and so on). Conclusion Our study provides a better theoretical basis and guidance for the clinical treatment of PD-L1.

Abstract Keen desires for artificial mimicry of biological polymers and property improvement of synthesized ones have triggered intensive explorations for sequence-controlled copolymerization. However, conventional synthesis faces great challenges to achieve this goal due to the strict requirements on reaction kinetics of comonomer pairs and tedious synthetic processes. Here, sequence-controlled alternating copolymerization with molecular precision is realized on surface. The stoichiometric control serves as a thermodynamic strategy to steer the polymerization selectivity, which enables the selective alternating organometallic copolymerization via intermolecular metalation of 4,4”-dibromo-p-terphenyl (P-Br) and 2,5-diethynyl-1,4-bis(phenylethynyl)benzene (A-H) with Ag adatoms on Ag(111) at P-Br: A-H = 2, as verified by scanning tunneling microscopy and density functional theory studies. In contrast, homopolymerization yield increases as the stoichiometric ratio deviates from 2. The microscopic characterizations rationalize the mechanism, providing a delicate explanation of the stoichiometry-dependent polymerization. These findings pave a way to actualizing an efficient sequence control of copolymerization by surface chemistry.

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Bone is a common metastatic site of lung cancer, about 50% of bone metastatic patients will experience skeletal related events (SREs). SREs not only seriously impact the quality of life of patients, but also shorten their survival time. The treatment of bone metastasis requires multi-disciplinary therapy (MDT) and development of individualized treatment plan. In order to standardize the diagnosis and treatment of bone metastasis in lung cancer, the expert group of the MDT Committee of the Chinese Medical Doctor Association has developed the expert consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer bone metastasis.

Summary: Hydrogen generation from boron hydride is important for the development of hydrogen economy. Cobalt (Co) element has been widely used in the hydrolysis of boron hydride. Pyrolysis is a common method for materials synthesis in catalytic fields. Herein, Co-based nanocomposites derived from the pyrolysis of organic metal precursors and used for hydrolysis of boron hydride are summarized and discussed. The different precursors consisting of MOF, supported, metal, and metal phosphide precursors are summarized. The catalytic mechanism consisting of dissociation mechanism based on oxidative addition-reduction elimination, pre-activation mechanism, SN2 mechanism, four-membered ring mechanism, and acid-base mechanism is intensively discussed. Finally, conclusions and outlooks are conveyed from the design of high-efficiency catalysts, the characterization of catalyst structure, the enhancement of catalytic activities, the investigation of the catalytic mechanism, and the catalytic stability of active structure. This review can provide guidance for designing high-efficiency catalysts and boosting development of hydrogen economy.

Background Osteoid osteoma is a benign osteogenic tumor that occurs mostly in the femoral stem, while osteoid osteoma occurring in the lumbar vertebral body is a relatively rare case. To minimize treatment‐related complications, a computer‐assisted navigation fully visualized spinal endoscopy was used. Ultimately, the pathology was diagnosed as osteoid osteoma. Case Presentation We report a 19‐year‐old adult male with low back pain that worsened at night and CT, MRI imaging showed an abnormal signal shadow at the posterior margin of the lumbar vertebral body. Due to the proximity of the lesion to the spinal canal and adjacent to the nerve roots, it was difficult to precisely localize the lesion by purely endoscopic or open procedures, and if necessary, the resection of surrounding tissues had to be expanded, causing unnecessary damage to the surrounding tissues. Therefore, we choose computer‐assisted navigation fully visualized spinal endoscopy to perform the treatment. Conclusion In this case, we report an osteoid osteoma that occurs less frequently in the lumbar vertebral body. Using computer‐assisted navigation with fully visualized spinal endoscopy, we successfully resected the osteoid osteoma at the posterior margin of the L3 vertebral body preoperatively by computer‐planned path with intraoperative visualization endoscopy, minimizing the damage to spinal stability. Computer‐assisted navigation with visualization endoscopy provides a more precise and minimally invasive approach to the treatment of osteoid osteoma of the spine.

Cyclo[n]carbon (Cn) is one member of the all-carbon allotrope family with potential applications in next-generation electronic devices. By employing first-principles quantum transport calculations, we have investigated the electronic transport properties of single-molecule junctions of Cn, with n = 14, 16, 18, and 20, connected to two bulk gold electrodes, uncovering notable distinctions arising from the varying aromaticities. For the doubly aromatic C14 and C18 molecules, slightly deformed complexes at the singlet state arise after bonding with one Au atom at each side; in contrast, the reduced energy gaps between the highest occupied and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals due to the orbital reordering observed in the doubly anti-aromatic C16 and C20 molecules lead to heavily deformed asymmetric complexes at the triplet state. Consequently, spin-unpolarized transmission functions are obtained for the Au-C14/18-Au junctions, while spin-polarized transmission appears in the Au-C16/20-Au junctions. Furthermore, the asymmetric in-plane π-type hybrid molecular orbitals of the Au-C16/20-Au junctions contribute to two broad but low transmission peaks far away from the Fermi level (Ef), while the out-of-plane π-type hybrid molecular orbitals dominate two sharp transmission peaks that are adjacent to Ef, thus resulting in much lower transmission coefficients at Ef compared to those of the Au-C14/18-Au junctions. Our findings are helpful for the design and application of future cyclo[n]carbon-based molecular electronic devices.

Abstract Glioma is the most common and aggressive primary malignant brain tumor. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) and RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) have been verified to mediate diverse biological behaviors in various human cancers. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore a novel circRNA termed circGNB1 and elucidate relative molecular mechanism in functional phenotypes, which might be a potential prognostic biomarker and therapeutic approach for glioma. CircGNB1 was upregulated in glioma and closely associated with the low poor prognosis. Functional assays demonstrated that circGNB1 overexpression promoted glioma stem cells (GSCs) viability proliferation, invasion, and neurosphere formation. Mechanistically, circGNB1 upregulated the expression of oncogene XPR1 via sponging miR-515-5p and miR-582-3p. The following experiments proved XPR1 could promote the malignant phenotype of GSCs via upregulating IL6 expression and activating JAK2/STAT3 signaling. Moreover, the RNA binding protein IGF2BP3 could bind to and maintain the stability of circGNB1, thus promoting the effects of circGNB1 on GSCs. Our study reveals that circGNB1 plays a crucial role in promoting tumorigenesis and malignant progression in glioma, which provides a promising cancer biomarker.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to conduct a bibliometric analysis of the literature on stem cell treatment for spinal cord injury to gain an intuitive understanding of how the field is progressing, discover topics of interest, and determine what development trends are emerging in this field.Background: Spinal cord injury and its complications often cause an enormous economic burden, and postinjury repair and treatment have always been challenging in clinical and scientific research. Stem cell therapy for spinal cord injury can prevent immune rejection and induce the release of neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory factors to reduce the production of stress-related proteins, reactive oxygen species, and inflammatory reactions.Methods: We analyzed the number and quality of publications in the field of stem cell therapy in spinal cord injury between 2018.01.01 and 2023.06.30 in the core collection database of Web of Science. CiteSpace and VOSviewer were used to sort and summarize these studies by country, institution, authors' publications, and collaborative networks. In addition, the research topics of interest were identified and summarized.Results: This study ultimately included 2,150 valid papers, with the number of publications showing a gradual upward trend. The country, institution, author and journal with the greatest number of publications and citations are China, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dai JW, and the International Journal of Molecular Sciences, respectively. The top three high-frequency keyword clusters were hereditary paraplegia, reactive astrocytes and tissue engineering.Conclusion: With the help of visual analysis, we identified general trends and research topics of interest in the field of spinal cord injury over the last 5 years. Our findings suggest that stem cell transplantation for spinal cord injury and exosome therapy may be a focus of future research. This study provides a foundation for future research on stem cell therapy as well as clinical efforts in this field.

Background: Tolvaptan, a selective vasopressin V2-receptor antagonist, can elicit a diuretic effect without significant electrolyte loss. The aims were to evaluate multiple-dose pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and safety of daily administration of 15 mg tolvaptan in Chinese adult patients with confirmed Child-Pugh Class B cirrhosis accompanied by ascites.Methods: This was an open-label, single-center, single- and multiple-dose study. All patients received a daily 15 mg dose of tolvaptan for 7 consecutive days. The plasma concentrations of tolvaptan and its two metabolites (DM-4103, DM-4107) were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). In addition, various pharmacokinetics parameters were calculated. The pharmacodynamic outcomes evaluated changes in serum sodium and potassium concentrations, daily urine volume, daily water consumption, fluid balance and body weight. Safety profiles, including the incidence of treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs), were carefully recorded.Results: Eleven patients with Child-Pugh B cirrhosis were eventually enrolled in the study. Plasma concentrations of tolvaptan and DM-4107 reached steady-states after 7 days of consecutive oral administration. No accumulation of tolvaptan or DM-4107 was found, but DM-4103 accumulated 18.2-fold after multiple-dosing. The daily urine volume and daily water consumption were statistically significantly increased after administration of tolvaptan from Day 1 to Day 7 (all p < 0.05), accompanied by an increased serum sodium concentration. Of 11 patients, 9 (81.8%) reported 20 TEAEs, with the majority being mild to moderate in severity. The most commonly occurring TEAEs were thirst (45.5%), pollakiuria (36.4%) and dry mouth (27.3%).Conclusion: Tolvaptan at a daily dose of 15 mg had a diuretic effect but did not increase serum sodium excretion or lead to tolvaptan accumulation. It is therefore can be safely used for short-term treatment of Chinese adult patients with confirmed Child-Pugh B cirrhosis.Clinical Trial Registration:https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?term=NCT01359462, identifier NCT01359462.

Highlights A novel strategy was developed to construct ultrathin microfiber composite hydrogel films (< 5 μm) by embedding an electrospun fiber network into a hydrogel. The microfiber composite hydrogel offers tunable modulus in a broad range (from ~ 5 kPa to tens of MPa), which matches the modulus of most biological tissues and organs. The ultrathin configuration and ultrasoft nature allow the microfiber composite hydrogel seamlessly attaching to various rough surfaces.

IntroductionSoil ecosystems are threatened by crude oil contamination, requiring effective microbial remediation. However, our understanding of the key microbial taxa within the community, their interactions impacting crude oil degradation, and the stability of microbial functionality in oil degradation remain limited.MethodsTo better understand these key points, we enriched a crude oil-degrading bacterial consortium generation 1 (G1) from contaminated soil and conducted three successive transfer passages (G2, G3, and G4). Integrated Co-occurrence Networks method was used to analyze microbial species correlation with crude oil components across G1-G4.Results and discussionIn this study, G1 achieved a total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) degradation rate of 32.29% within 10 days. Through three successive transfer passages, G2-G4 consortia were established, resulting in a gradual decrease in TPH degradation to 23.14% at the same time. Specifically, saturated hydrocarbon degradation rates ranged from 18.32% to 14.17% among G1-G4, and only G1 exhibited significant aromatic hydrocarbon degradation (15.59%). Functional annotation based on PICRUSt2 and FAPROTAX showed that functional potential of hydrocarbons degradation diminished across generations. These results demonstrated the functional instability of the bacterial consortium in crude oil degradation. The relative abundance of the Dietzia genus showed the highest positive correlation with the degradation efficiency of TPH and saturated hydrocarbons (19.48, 18.38, p < 0.05, respectively), Bacillus genus demonstrated the highest positive correlation (21.94, p < 0.05) with the efficiency of aromatic hydrocarbon degradation. The key scores of Dietzia genus decreased in successive generations. A significant positive correlation (16.56, p < 0.05) was observed between the Bacillus and Mycetocola genera exclusively in the G1 generation. The decline in crude oil degradation function during transfers was closely related to changes in the relative abundance of key genera such as Dietzia and Bacillus as well as their interactions with other genera including Mycetocola genus. Our study identified key bacterial genera involved in crude oil remediation microbiome construction, providing a theoretical basis for the next step in the construction of the oil pollution remediation microbiome.

ABSTRACT: Investigation into the structural and magnetic properties of organic molecules at cryogenic temperature is beneficial for reducing molecular vibration and stabilizing magnetization, and is of great importance for constructing novel spintronics devices of better performance and scaling the device size down to nanoscale. In order to explore the possibility of fabricating molecule-based memory chips of ultrahigh density, two-dimensional close-packed molecular arrays with carboxylic acid molecules were constructed in the current work and the magnetic properties in a low-temperature scanning tunneling microscope were also investigated. The results demonstrated that each nonmagnetic molecule can be controllably and independently switched into a stable spin-carrying state at 4 K by applying a voltage pulse with atomic resolution. Benefiting from the small size of a single molecule as the basic storage bit, the two-dimensional molecular arrays allowing controllable electrical manipulations on each molecule can behave as a platform of memory chip with an ultrahigh storage density of ∼320 terabytes (Tb) (or ∼2500 terabits) per square inch. This work highlights the potential and advantage of employing organic molecules in developing future cryogenic information storage techniques and devices at nanoscale.

Abstract Background The immunological checkpoint known as Inducible T Cell Costimulatory Factor (ICOS, Cluster of Differentiation, CD278) is activated and expressed on T cells. Both somatic cells and antigen-presenting cells expressed its ligand, ICOSL (including tumor cells in the tumor microenvironment).It is important for immunosuppression. Uncertainty surrounds the function of ICOS in tumor immunity. Methods Several bioinformatics techniques were employed by us to thoroughly examine the expression and prognostic value of ICOS in 33 cancers based on data collected from TCGA and GTEx. In addition, ICOS was explored with pathological stage, tumor-infiltrating cells, immune checkpoint genes, mismatch repair (MMR) genes, DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs), microsatellite instability (MSI),and tumor mutation burden (TMB).In addition,To ascertain the level of ICOS expression in various cells, qRT-PCR was employed. Results The findings revealed that ICOS expression was up regulation in most cancer types. The high expression of ICOS in tumor samples was related to the poor prognosis of UVM and LGG; The positive prognosis was boosted by the strong expression of ICOS in OV, SARC, SKCM, THYM, UCEC, and HNSC. The result is that the expression of malignancy was revealed by the immune cells’ invasion.profile of ICOS in different types of cancer. Different ways that ICOS expression is connected to immune cell infiltration account for variations in patient survival. Additionally, the TMB, MSI, MMR, and DNMT genes as well as ICOS expression are linked in many cancer types.The results of PCR showed that it is highly expressed in gastric, breast, liver and renal cell carcinoma cell lines compared with normal cells. Conclusion This study suggests that ICOS may be a potential tumor immunotherapy target and prognostic marker.

Object detection, which is one of the most fundamental visual recognition tasks, has been a hotspot in computer vision. CNN (Convolutional Neural Networks) have been widely employed for building detector. Due to the success of RPN (Region Proposal Network), the two-stage detectors get both classification accuracy and precise regression bounding boxes. However, they still struggle in small-size object detection. In this paper, we present a deep network, namely Spatial Fine-Grained Network (SFGN). The SFGN that exploits Spatial Fine-Grained Features (SFGF) concatenates the higher resolution features, which is fine-grained with the low resolution features and high-level semantic by stacking spatial features for fine-grained features. An enhanced region proposal generator is proposed to get the objectless for small object to obtain a small set of proposal. The contextual information surrounding the region of interest is embedded using local spatial information for increasing the useful information and discriminating the background. For improving the detection performance, we use a simple yet surprisingly effective online hard example mining (OHEM) algorithm for training region proposal generator. It embeds an efficiently implemented soft non-maximum suppression (soft-NMS) for replacing with tradition NMS to obtain consistent improvements without increasing the computational complexity in inference. On PASCAL VOC 2007 and PASCAL VOC 2012 datasets, our SFGN improves baseline model from 81.2% mAP to 80.6% mAP. On MS COCO dataset, SFGN also performs better than baseline model. As intuition suggests, our detection results provide strong evidence that our SFGN improves detection accuracy, especially in small object test.

Transgenic modification of silkworms has the potential to engineer new silks with a wider range of properties. Here, the authors engineered the expression of the outer layer sericin SER3 in the inner fibroin layer generating a new silk with higher production efficiency and resistance to alkaline conditions.

Background: Colon cancer (CC) is a prevalent malignant tumor that affects people all around the world. In this study, N6-methylandenosine-related long non-coding RNAs (m6A-related lncRNAs) in 473 colon cancers and 41 adjacent tissues of CC patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were investigated.Method: The Pearson correlation analysis was conducted to examine the m6A-related lncRNAs, and the univariate Cox regression analysis was performed to screen 38 prognostic m6A-related lncRNAs. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression analysis were carried out on 38 prognostic lncRNAs to develop a 14 m6A-related lncRNAs prognostic signature (m6A-LPS) in CC. The availability of the m6A-LPS was evaluated using the Kaplan–Meier and Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves.Results: Three m6A modification patterns with significantly different N stages, survival time, and immune landscapes were identified. It has been discovered that the m6A-LPS, which is based on 14 m6A-related lncRNAs (TNFRSF10A-AS1, AC245041.1, AL513550.1, UTAT33, SNHG26, AC092944.1, ITGB1-DT, AL138921.1, AC099850.3, NCBP2-AS1, AL137782.1, AC073896.3, AP006621.2, AC147651.1), may represent a new, promising biomarker with great potential. It was re-evaluated in terms of survival rate, clinical features, tumor infiltration immune cells, biomarkers related to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors (ICIs), and chemotherapeutic drug efficacy. The m6A-LPS has been revealed to be a novel potential and promising predictor for evaluating the prognosis of CC patients.Conclusion: This study revealed that the risk signature is a promising predictive indicator that may provide more accurate clinical applications in CC therapeutics and enable effective therapy strategies for clinicians.

Background: Ovarian Serous Adenocarcinoma is a malignant tumor originating from epithelial cells and one of the most common causes of death from gynecological cancers. The objective of this study was to develop a prediction model based on extracellular matrix proteins, using artificial intelligence techniques. The model aimed to aid healthcare professionals to predict the overall survival of patients with ovarian cancer (OC) and determine the efficacy of immunotherapy.Methods: The Cancer Genome Atlas Ovarian Cancer (TCGA-OV) data collection was used as the study dataset, whereas the TCGA-Pancancer dataset was used for validation. The prognostic importance of 1068 known extracellular matrix proteins for OC were determined by the Random Forest algorithm and the Lasso algorithm establishing the ECM risk score. Based on the gene expression data, the differences in mRNA abundance, tumour mutation burden (TMB) and tumour microenvironment (TME) between the high- and low-risk groups were assessed.Results: Combining multiple artificial intelligence algorithms we were able to identify 15 key extracellular matrix genes, namely, AMBN, CXCL11, PI3, CSPG5, TGFBI, TLL1, HMCN2, ESM1, IL12A, MMP17, CLEC5A, FREM2, ANGPTL4, PRSS1, FGF23, and confirm the validity of this ECM risk score for overall survival prediction. Several other parameters were identified as independent prognostic factors for OC by multivariate COX analysis. The analysis showed that thyroglobulin (TG) targeted immunotherapy was more effective in the high ECM risk score group, while the low ECM risk score group was more sensitive to the RYR2 gene-related immunotherapy. Additionally, the patients with low ECM risk scores had higher immune checkpoint gene expression and immunophenoscore levels and responded better to immunotherapy.Conclusion: The ECM risk score is an accurate tool to assess the patient’s sensitivity to immunotherapy and forecast OC prognosis.

Objective Circulating tumor cells are complete tumor cells with multi-scale analysis values that present a high potential for lung cancer diagnosis. To enhance the accuracy of lung cancer diagnosis, we detected circulating tumor cells by the innovated conical micro filter integrated microfluidic system. Methods We recruited 45 subjects of study, including 22 lung cancer patients, 2 precancerous patients, the control group including 14 healthy participants, and 7 patients with lung benign lesions in this prospective study. We calculated the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of circulating tumor cells, cytokeratin19 fragment, carcinoma embryonic antigen, squamous cell carcinoma, neuron-specific enolase, and their combination, respectively, while compared the circulating tumor cells levels between vein blood and arterial blood. A conical shape filter embedded in a microfluidic chip was used to improve the detection capability of circulating tumor cells. Results The study indicated that the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of circulating tumor cells detection were 81.8%, 90.5%, 90.0%, and 82.6%, respectively. The circulating tumor cells level of lung cancer patient was significantly higher than that of the control group ( P

Fragile ecological regions are the key zones for conducting ecological engineering construction. Exploring the intrinsic linkage between vegetation dynamics and climate change and human activities is important for the government to formulate reasonable and effective environmental protection policies in different types of ecologically fragile regions. This study used Net Primary Productivity (NPP) as an indicator, based on multitemporal land use data, to separate anthropogenic and climatic disturbance areas. We revealed the vegetation dynamics, explored the roles of temperature and precipitation, and assessed the relative contributions of human activities and climate change to vegetation dynamics in four types of ecologically fragile regions in China from 2001 to 2019. The study indicated that NPP showed increasing trends to different degrees in the arid region of northwest China (AN), the Loess Plateau (LP), the Tibetan Plateau (TP) and the karst region of southwest (KS) China in the early 21st century. The correlation between NPP dynamics and precipitation was higher than that between temperature and NPP dynamics in ecologically fragile regions. In the northern arid zone, precipitation was an important cause of the increase in NPP. The drought resistance of vegetation largely symbolized its ability to resist the risk of ecological degradation. Climate change has played a positive role in vegetation growth in ecologically fragile regions. Except for the TP, human activities have contributed to vegetation construction in other ecologically fragile regions, with the strongest contribution to NPP in LP (2.10 gC m−2 yr−1), which indicated some progress in vegetation construction in this region. Due to the degradation of forests and grasslands caused by overgrazing and farmland reclamation on the TP, government departments should give timely attention to ecological security and avoid causing land degradation. In the future, we suggest that natural and humanitarian characteristics should be considered before formulating environmental protection policies in ecologically fragile regions, and environmental protection measures should be reasonably taken to achieve the effectiveness and standardization of ecological environmental management.

Entangled metallic wire material (EMWM) can be utilized as a novel elastic element in vibration isolation devices for mechanical actuators. This paper presents a vibration experiment aimed at investigating the degradation behavior of mechanical performance in EMWM under a cyclic compressive environment. An electric vibration testing system, coupled with an isolation structure, is employed to apply compressive loads to the EMWM specimens. Through visual observations and quasi-static compression tests, the variations in geometric morphology and mechanical properties are studied, considering different relative densities and vibrational stress amplitudes. The results indicate a significant reduction in the compressed dimension of the specimens as the number of cycles increases, without any wire fractures or wear. The mechanical properties exhibit an increasing secant modulus and a decreasing loss factor. These variations ultimately lead to a gradual deviation of the vibration characteristics of the isolation structure from its design state, including resonance frequency and transmission rate. To forecast the mechanical property degradation of EMWM, prediction models are proposed, incorporating its dimensions, modulus, and damping by fitting the experiment results. This research provides valuable experimental data and presents an effective method to determine the operational lifespan of vibration isolators utilizing EMWM.

Abstract Solar‐driven vapor generation technology can directly produce clean water, but existing strategies remain challenging in achieving both high evaporation performance and good salt resistance due to complex water‐thermal management. Here, we constructed hydrogel‐based hierarchically nanostructured evaporator (HNE) with vertically aligned micro water transportation pathways and water confined ion selective nanochannels. Based on the polarity modified hierarchical structures and umbrella‐shaped geometry design, HNEs can achieve high‐speed water transfer at low saturated water content to realize efficient heat energy confinement, and provide more heat exchange sites. Consequently, an exciting water evaporation rate of 3.68 kg m−2 h−1 and the efficiency of 91.1% were achieved under 1 sun solar radiation. More importantly, the overlapping electrical double layer in the narrow nanochannels endows the ions selectivity of the nanochannel to reject anions, resulting in reliable long‐term salt resistance. The ingenious design was creatively confirmed by streaming potential and validated during long‐term efficient work.

Background. NKG2A (KLRC1) belongs to the NKG2 family, which has been shown to affect the activity of natural killer (NK) cells and CD8T cells. However, a comprehensive biological analysis and exploration of NKG2A in different cancers is lacking and this needs to be further investigated. Methods. A comprehensive pan-cancer analysis of NKG2A was performed based on multiple databases. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Genotype–Tissue Expression (GTEx) databases were used to analyze the expression profile of NKG2A in pan-cancer. The relevance of NKG2A to the prognosis of different cancers was assessed using Kaplan–Meier survival analysis. In addition, we explored the correlation between NKG2A expression and gene mutations, pathological staging, tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TIICs), DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) genes, tumor mutation burden (TMB), microsatellite instability (MSI), mismatch repair (MMR), and immune checkpoints (ICPs). Finally, the expression levels of NKG2A in several cancer cell lines were verified by qRT-PCR. Results. Pan-cancer comprehensive analysis showed that NKG2A expression levels were significantly different between multiple cancers and corresponding normal tissues. The differential expression of NKG2A was related to the prognosis and pathological staging of patients with multiple cancers, and was closely related to the excessive infiltration of immune cells and the regulation of ICP genes in the tumor microenvironment (TME). In addition, TMB, MSI, MMR, and DNMT genes in many cancer types are also affected by NKG2A expression. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) showed that NKG2A was associated with multiple immune-related functions and pathways in malignant tumors. qRT-PCR results showed that NKG2A was underexpressed in liver, gastric, and colon cancer cell lines compared to normal cells, which was consistent with bioinformatics analysis. Conclusion. The present study suggests that NKG2A may be a potential predictive biomarker for cancer immune response and prognosis.

Algorithmic trading is one of the most concerned directions in financial applications. Compared with traditional trading strategies, algorithmic trading applications perform forecasting and arbitrage with higher efficiency and more stable performance. Numerous studies on algorithmic trading models using deep learning have been conducted to perform trading forecasting and analysis. In this article, we firstly summarize several deep learning methods that have shown good performance in algorithmic trading applications, and briefly introduce some applications of deep learning in algorithmic trading. We then try to provide the latest snapshot application for algorithmic trading based on deep learning technology, and show the different implementations of the developed algorithmic trading model. Finally, some possible research issues are suggested in the future. The prime objectives of this paper are to provide a comprehensive research progress of deep learning applications in algorithmic trading, and benefit for subsequent research of computer program trading systems.

With non-volatile memory becoming commercially available, the design and implementation of traditional storage systems need a fundamental change since they can not fully utilize the performance of non-volatile memory.To build a highthroughput, low-latency, large-scale storage system, there is an urgent need for efficient persistent index data structures that adapt to the characteristics of non-volatile memory.In terms of persistent index data structures, the optimizations applied for B+-Tree and Hash Table on non-volatile memory were summarized, and the pros and cons among these schemes were compared.And the future research directions with the challenges and opportunities that need to be resolved were showed.

Background: SNGH14 is a newly discovered long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) highly associated with tumorigenesis. However, whether the level of SNHG14 is related to the prognosis of patients with different cancer types is unclear.Methods: PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Embase were searched to identify eligible studies from inception to November 2021. The odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were utilized to analyze dichotomous variables, while the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% CI were used for survival outcomes. We also included trial sequential analysis (TSA) to assess whether the current evidence was sufficiently conclusive. Stata 15.0 and TSA 0.9 software were used for data analyses.Results: A total of 21 studies involving 1,080 patients, mainly from China, were included. Our results revealed that high SNHG14 expression was associated significantly with poor overall survival (OS) [HR = 1.39; 95% CI: (1.06–1.83); p = 0.017]. In addition, elevated SNHG14 expression was related to tumor size (> 3.5 cm) [OR = 1.60; 95% CI: (1.20–2.14); p = 0.001], TNM staging [OR = 0.54; 95% CI: (0.40–0.71); p < 0.001], lymph node metastasis [OR = 1.86; 95% CI: (1.35–2.55); p < 0.001], differentiation grade [OR = 1.95; 95% CI: (1.36–2.80); p < 0.001], and distant metastasis [OR = 2.44; 95% CI: (1.30–4.58); p = 0.005]. However, no significant difference was observed between age [OR = 0.98; 95% CI: (0.72–1.35); p = 0.915] and gender [OR = 0.98; 95% CI: (0.72–1.35); p = 0.915] from the enhanced expression of SNHG14.Conclusion: The current study revealed that overexpression of SNGH14 is associated with low OS rate and clinicopathological characteristics. SNGH14 can be a novel tumor marker that aids in tumor diagnosis, thereby improving patient prognosis.

In this paper, the response characteristics of wave propagation in entangled metallic wire materials (EMWMs) are investigated by acoustic emission. The frequency, amplitude of wave emission, and the pre-compression force of the specimen can be adjusted in the experimental setup. EMWM specimens fabricated from stainless steel wires and with different design parameters are tested in this work. The results show that waves of different amplitudes propagate in EMWMs with approximate linear characteristics and the fluctuation coefficient of wave passing ratios is calculated below 15%. The response spectrum of passing waves shows a distinct single-peak characteristic, with the peak response at approximately 14 kHz. The parameters of pre-compression force, porosity, wire diameter, helix diameter, specimen height, and the layered structure of specimens have no significant effect on the frequency characteristics but moderately affect the wave passing ratios. Notably, EMWMs exhibit a lower wave passing ratio (ranging from 0.01 to 0.18) compared to aluminum alloy and natural rubber. The characteristics of response spectrums can be successfully reproduced by the finite element simulation. This work demonstrates EMWMs’ potential as an acoustic frequency vibration isolation material, offering excellent performance and engineering design convenience.

Background: Dual homeoboxes A pseudogene 8 (DUXAP8) is a newly discovered long noncoding RNA that has been shown to function as an oncogene in a variety of human malignant cancers. By integrating available data, this meta-analysis sought to determine the relationship between clinical prognosis and DUXAP8 expression levels in diverse malignancies.Materials and methods: A systematic search was performed to identify eligible studies from several electronic databases from their inception to 25 October 2021. Pooled odds ratios and hazard ratios with 95% CI were used to estimate the association between DUXAP8 expression and survival. For survival analysis, the Kaplan-Meier method and COX analysis were used. Furthermore, we utilized Spearman’s correlation analysis to explore the correlation between DUXAP8 and tumor mutational burden (TMB), microsatellite instability (MSI), the related genes of mismatch repair (MMR), DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs), and immune checkpoint biomarkers.Results: Our findings indicated that overexpression of DUXAP8 was related to poor overall survival (OS) (HR = 1.63, 95% CI, 1.49–1.77, p < 0.001). In addition, elevated DUXAP8 expression was closely related to poor OS in several cancers in the TCGA database. Moreover, DUXAP8 expression has been associated with TMB, MSI, and MMR in a variety of malignancies.Conclusion: This study revealed that DUXAP8 might serve as a prognostic biomarker and potential therapeutic target for cancer. It can be used to improve cancer diagnosis, discover potential treatment targets, and improve prognosis.

Acute pancreatitis (AP), as a common cause of clinical acute abdomen, often leads to multi-organ damage. In the process of severe AP, the lungs and intestines are the most easily affected organs aside the pancreas. These organ damages occur in succession. Notably, lung and intestinal injuries are closely linked. Damage to ML, which transports immune cells, intestinal fluid, chyle, and toxic components (including toxins, trypsin, and activated cytokines to the systemic circulation in AP) may be connected to AP. This process can lead to the pathological changes of hyperosmotic edema of the lung, an increase in alveolar fluid level, destruction of the intestinal mucosal structure, and impairment of intestinal mucosal permeability. The underlying mechanisms of the correlation between lung and intestinal injuries are inflammatory response, oxidative stress, and endocrine hormone secretion disorders. The main signaling pathways of lung and intestinal injuries are TNF-α, HMGB1-mediated inflammation amplification effect of NF-κB signal pathway, Nrf2/ARE oxidative stress response signaling pathway, and IL-6-mediated JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. These pathways exert anti-inflammatory response and anti-oxidative stress, inhibit cell proliferation, and promote apoptosis. The interaction is consistent with the traditional Chinese medicine theory of the lung being connected with the large intestine (fei yu da chang xiang biao li in Chinese). This review sought to explore intersecting mechanisms of lung and intestinal injuries in AP to develop new treatment strategies.

Background and Objectives: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignant tumors worldwide with high incidence and mortality rate, while colorectal liver metastasis (CRLM) is one of the major causes of cancer-related deaths. Therefore, the present study aims to identify the hub gene associated with CRC carcinogenesis and liver metastasis, and then explore its diagnostic and prognostic value as well as the potential regulation mechanism. Methods: The overlapping differential co-expression genes among CRC, CRLM, and normal tissues were explored on the GSE49355 and GSE81582 datasets from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database by integrated bioinformatics analysis. Then, the hub prognostic genes were selected from the overlapping genes by univariate Cox proportional hazard analysis and online database Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis 2 (GEPIA2). Subsequently, the clinical value of the hub genes was evaluated in the TCGA and GSE39582 cohorts. Finally, the underlying mechanisms of the hub gene regulating CRC carcinogenesis and metastasis were explored by Gene function annotation and DNA methylation analysis. Results: Inositol mono-phosphatase 2 (IMPA2) was identified as the hub gene associated with CRC carcinogenesis and liver metastasis. IMPA2 had an excellent diagnostic efficiency, and its expression was significantly decreased in CRC and liver metastasis samples, being positively correlated with poor prognosis. Moreover, its low expression was associated with AJCC stage III+IV, T4, N1+2, and M1. In addition, our results revealed that the potential mechanisms used by IMPA2 to mediate CRC carcinogenesis and metastasis could be associated with lipid metabolism and epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT). Finally, IMPA2 expression could be regulated by DNA methylation. Conclusions: IMPA2 was identified and reported for the first time as a hub gene biomarker in the diagnosis and prognosis of CRC, which could regulate CRC carcinogenesis and liver metastasis through the regulation of lipid metabolism, EMT, and DNA methylation.

The Huashi Baidu Formula (HSBDF), a key Chinese medical drug, has a remarkable clinical efficacy in treating acute lung injury (ALI), and it has been officially approved by the National Medical Products Administration of China for drug clinical trials. Nevertheless, the regulated mechanisms of HSBDF and its active compounds in plasma against ALI were rarely studied. Based on these considerations, the key anti-inflammatory compounds of HSBDF were screened by molecular docking and binding free energy. The key compounds were further identified in plasma by LC/MS. Network pharmacology was employed to identify the potential regulatory mechanism of the key compounds in plasma. Next, the network pharmacological prediction was validated by a series of experimental assays, including CCK-8, EdU staining, test of TNF-α, IL-6, MDA, and T-SOD, and flow cytometry, to identify active compounds. Molecular dynamic simulation and binding interaction patterns were used to evaluate the stability and affinity between active compounds and target. Finally, the active compounds were subjected to predict pharmacokinetic properties. Molecular docking revealed that HSBDF had potential effects of inhibiting inflammation by acting on IL-6R and TNF-α. Piceatannol, emodin, aloe-emodin, rhein, physcion, luteolin, and quercetin were key compounds that may ameliorate ALI, and among which, there were five compounds (emodin, aloe-emodin, rhein, luteolin, and quercetin) in plasma. Network pharmacology results suggested that five key compounds in plasma likely inhibited ALI by regulating inflammation and oxidative damage. Test performed in vitro suggested that HSBDF (0.03125 mg/ml), quercetin (1.5625 μM), emodin (3.125 μM), and rhein (1.5625 μM) have anti-inflammatory function against oxidative damage and decrease apoptosis in an inflammatory environment by LPS-stimulation. In addition, active compounds (quercetin, emodin, and rhein) had good development prospects, fine affinity, and stable conformations with the target protein. In summary, this study suggested that HSBDF and its key active components in plasma (quercetin, emodin, and rhein) can decrease levels of pro-inflammatory factors (IL-6 and TNF-α), decrease expression of MDA, increase expression of T-SOD, and decrease cell apoptosis in an inflammatory environment. These data suggest that HSBDF has significant effect on anti-inflammation and anti-oxidative stress and also can decrease cell apoptosis in treating ALI. These findings provided an important strategy for developing new agents and facilitated clinical use of HSBDF against ALI.

Ferroptosis was induced the programmed cell death with iron overload Fenton reaction. Currently, ferroptosis has not been studied thoroughly. Existing studies have confirmed that ferroptosis involves the metabolisms of the Fe, lipids, amino acid, each mechanism is mutually independent but interrelated, and they are formed a complex regulatory network. Other evidence supports that ferroptosis is participated osteoporotic bone remodeling, predominantly affecting the interaction between bone formation and bone resorption, explicitly bone resorption exceeded bone formation. Based on previous studies, this review will summarize the regulatory network mechanism of ferroptosis on bone remodeling and reveal the role of ferroptosis in osteoporosis (OP).

BackgroundColorectal cancer (CRC) risk is linked to serum and dietary retinol and carotenoids, according to clinical and epidemiological research. However, the findings are not consistent. As a result, we did this meta-analysis to determine the link between them.MethodsFrom 2000 through 2022, the PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase databases, as well as pertinent article references, were searched and filtered based on inclusion and exclusion criteria and literature quality ratings. High and low intake were used as controls, and OR (odds ratio) or RR (relative risk) and 95% confidence interval were extracted. The extracted data were plotted and analyzed using Stata12.0 software.ResultsA total of 22 relevant studies were included, including 18 studies related to diet and 4 studies related to serum. For high and low intake or concentration controls, the pooled OR was as follows: β-carotene (OR = 0.89, 95% CI: 0.78–1.03), α-carotene (OR = 0.87, 95% CI: 0.72–1.03), lycopene (OR = 0.93, 95% CI: 0.81–1.07), lutein/zeaxanthin (OR = 0.96, 95% CI: 0.87–1.07), β-cryptoxanthin (OR = 0.70, 95% CI: 0.48–1.01), total carotenoids (OR = 0.97, 95% CI: 0.81–1.15), retinol (OR = 0.99, 95% CI: 0.89–1.10), serum carotenoids (OR = 0.73, 95% CI: 0.58–0.93), serum retinol (OR = 0.62, 95% CI: 0.26–1.49). Subgroup analysis was performed according to tumor type, study type and sex.ConclusionTotal carotenoid intake and Lutein/Zeaxanthin intake were not associated with CRC risk. High β-carotene, α-carotene, lycopene, and β-cryptoxanthin all tended to reduce CRC risk. Serum carotenoid concentrations were significantly inversely associated with CRC risk.

Mechanical properties, workability and pore structures of foamed concrete (FC) reinforced with different fibres were investigated. In order to characterise the cementitious matrix with entrained bubbles and fibres, X-ray computed tomography (X-CT) technology and Digital image correlation (DIC) technique were employed to analyse the pore structure and the real-time strain field distributions under applied loads, respectively. The results demonstrated that the inherent properties of fibres, including density, modulus and wettability, and bond performance between the cement matrix and fibres are two main factors in determining the mechanical properties of the fibre reinforced FC. Meanwhile, the fibres also had an influence on the workability and rheological properties of fresh FC slurry through changing the bubble numbers and distributions in the slurry. According to the strain analysis during the bending tests using the DIC technique, it was found that carbon fibre and polyacrylonitrile fibre were conducive to distributing the strain field in the FC in a homogeneous fashion and delayed crack widening after the peak loads effectively.

The unpowered lower extremity exoskeleton robot can be used in medical rehabilitation， sports assistance， load operation and other scenes.The development background and the forms of assistance of unpowered lower extremity exoskeleton robot are systematically expounded. The research history of unpowered lower extremity exoskeleton robots at home and abroad is summarized， it is classified according to multi joint and single joint， and the structure， characteristics， advantages and disadvantages， and efficiency evaluation of the two types of robots are summarized. According to the key technologies and future development trend of unpowered lower extremity exoskeleton robots， the analysis and prospect are carried out.

The preparation of lanthanide-transition metal clusters containing multiple lanthanide atoms remains challenging. Here, the authors present the controlled on-surface formation of ligand-stabilized heterometallic Ce/Au clusters containing two, three and four Ce atoms bridged by Au adatoms.

In-stent restenosis caused by tumor ingrowth increases the risk of secondary surgery for patients with abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) because conventional vascular stent grafts suffer from mechanical fatigue, thrombosis, and endothelial hyperplasia. For that, we report a woven vascular stent-graft with robust mechanical properties, biocompatibility, and drug delivery functions to inhibit thrombosis and the growth of AAA. Paclitaxel (PTX)/metformin (MET)-loaded silk fibroin (SF) microspheres were self-assembly synthesized by emulsification-precipitation technology and layer-by-layer coated on the surface of a woven stent via electrostatic bonding. The woven vascular stent-graft before and after coating drug-loaded membranes were characterized and analyzed systematically. The results show that small-sized drug-loaded microspheres increased the specific surface area and promoted the dissolution/release of drugs. The stent-grafts with drug-loaded membranes exhibited a slow drug-release profile more for than 70 h and low water permeability at 158.33 ± 17.56 mL/cm2·min. The combination of PTX and MET inhibited the growth of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Therefore, it was possible to generate dual-drug-loaded woven vascular stent-grafts to achieve the more effective treatment of AAA.

BackgroundCancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Early diagnosis can significantly lower cancer-related mortality. Studies have shown that the lncRNA Forkhead box P4 antisense RNA 1 (FOXP4-AS1) is aberrantly expressed in various solid tumors. A meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the correlation of FOXP4-AS1 with the prognosis of cancer patients and determine the clinical value of FOXP4-AS1 as a potential diagnostic marker.MethodsCorrelational studies from the Web of Science, Embase, OVID, Cochrane and PubMed databases were screened (up to April 1, 2021). Meta-analysis was performed using Stata SE12.0 software.ResultsEleven original studies with 1,332 patients who were diagnosed with a solid cancer (nasopharyngeal carcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, colorectal cancer, gastric cancer, osteosarcoma, mantle cell lymphoma, prostate cancer, and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma) were included in the meta-analysis. High expression of FOXP4-AS1 was correlated with poor overall survival (OS) (HR = 1.77, 95% CI 1.29–2.44, P < 0.001) and shorter disease−free survival (DFS) (HR = 1.66, 95% CI 1.01–2.72, P = 0.044). Subgroup analysis based on sample size, follow-up time and Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) score revealed significant differences between FOXP4-AS1 levels and OS (P < 0.05). However, the expression level of FOXP4-AS1 was not significantly correlated with the OS of gastric cancer patients (P = 0.381). High expression of FOXP4-AS1 was predictive of a larger tumor size (OR = 3.82, 95% CI 2.3–6.3, P < 0.001).ConclusionsOverexpression of FOXP4-AS1 correlates with poor prognosis of cancer patients, and is a potential prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target.Systematic Review RegistrationPROSPERO, identifier CRD42021245267.

PurposeLong noncoding RNAs (LncRNAs) play complex but important roles in the progression of various tumors. This study aimed to elucidate the functional mechanisms of the HLA complex group 11 (HCG11) in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).Patients and MethodsHCG11 levels in NPC specimens were determined by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and qPCR. Proliferation, apoptosis, and metastasis of NPC cells were determined using CCK8, colony formation, annexin V-PI, and transwell assays. A murine tumor xenograft model was used to investigate the regulatory function of HCG11 in NPC in vivo, and immunohistochemical staining was used to determine the Ki-67 level in tumors. The target relationships between HCG11, microRNA miR-490-3p, and MAPK kinase kinase 9 (MAP3K9) were detected using bioinformatics, qPCR, western blotting, and luciferase reporter assays.ResultsHCG11 was highly expressed in NPC tissues and was positively associated with tumor stage, lymphatic metastasis, and poor prognosis. Functionally, HCG11 knockdown inhibited proliferation and migration and induced apoptosis of NPC cells. Mechanistically, miR-490-3p is a direct target of HCG11, oncogenic functions of HCG11 in NPC cell proliferation and migration can be partially reversed by the miR-490-3p inhibitor. HCG11 significantly increased mitogen-activated protein kinase MAPK kinase 9 (MAP3K9) levels by inhibiting miR-490-3p.ConclusionHCG11 facilitates NPC progression via MAP3K9 signaling by sponging miRNA-490-3p, which may contribute to new prognostic markers and promising therapeutic targets.

Heat shock proteins 90 (Hsp90s) are conserved proteins participating in the responses to heat stress and are found to be involved in different kinds of abiotic and biotic stresses. Brassica napus (B. napus) is an important heteropolyploid crop, producing edible oil. Salt stress is one of the most important hazards to the growth of rape in the world, while Sclerotinia stem rot is one of the most serious diseases, caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (S. sclerotiorum). In this study, the evolution of Hsp90 genes and their responses to these two stresses were elucidated. Bioinformatic analysis through the whole genome of B. napus identified 35 Hsp90 gene family members. Five groups were obtained via phylogenetic analysis with the 35 Hsp genes, Hsps from its two ancestor species Brassica rapa, Brassica oleracea, and AtHsps. Gene structure and conservative motif analysis of these 35 Hsps indicated that the Hsps were relatively conservative in each group. Strong collinearity was also detected between the genomes of Brassica rapa, Brassica oleracea and B. napus, along with identifying syntenic gene pairs of Hsps among the three genomes. In addition, whole genome duplication was discovered as the main reason for the generation of BnHsp gene family. The analysis of cis-acting elements indicated that BnHsp90 might be involved in a variety of abiotic and biotic stress responses. Analysis of the expression pattern indicated that BnHsp90 participates in the responses of B. napus to salt stress and the infection of S. sclerotiorum. Fourteen and nine BnHsp90s were validated to be involved in the defense responses of B. napus against salt stress and S. sclerotiorum, respectively. Our results provide new insights for the roles of BnHsp90s in the responses of B. napus to salt stress and S. sclerotiorum.

Abstract Background To determine the safety and efficacy of different doses of tolvaptan for treating Chinese cirrhotic patients with or without hyponatraemia who still had ascites after routine therapy with diuretics. Methods In the present placebo-controlled, randomized, double-blinded, multicentre clinical trial, patients with cirrhotic ascites who failed to adequately respond to a combination of an aldosterone antagonist plus an orally administered loop diuretic were randomly placed at a 4:2:1 ratio into 3 groups [the 15 mg/day tolvaptan group (N = 301), 7.5 mg/day tolvaptan group (N = 153) and placebo group (N = 76)] for 7 days of treatment. The effects and safety were evaluated on days 4 and 7. A change in body weight from baseline on day 7 of treatment was the primary endpoint. Results The administration of 7.5 or 15 mg/day tolvaptan significantly decreased body weight from baseline on day 7 of treatment compared to that with placebo treatment (P = 0.026; P = 0.001). For the secondary endpoints, changes in abdominal circumference from baseline and improvements in ascites were markedly different in the treatment groups and the placebo group on day 7 (P 7.5 = 0.05, P 15.0 = 0.002 and P 7.5 = 0.037, P 15.0 = 0.003), but there was no difference between the 7.5 mg/day and 15 mg/day dosage groups. The 24-h cumulative urine volume was higher in the 7.5 mg/day and 15 mg/day tolvaptan groups than the placebo group (P = 0.002, P

Thyroid nodules have a high prevalence and a small percentage is malignant. Many non-invasive methods have been developed with the help of the Internet of Things to improve the detection rate of malignant nodules. These methods can be roughly categorized into two classes: radiomics based and deep learning based approaches. In general, convolutional neural networks based deep learning methods have achieved promising performance in many medical image analysis and classification applications; however, no existing comparison has been done between radiomics based and deep learning based approaches. Therefore, in this paper, we aim to compare the performance of radiomics and deep learning based methods for the classification of thyroid nodules from ultrasound images. On one hand, we developed a radiomics based method, which consists of extracting high throughput 302-dimensional statistical features from pre-processed images. Then dimension reduction was performed using mutual information and linear discriminant analysis respectively to achieve the final classification. On the other hand, a deep learning based method was also developed and tested by pre-training a VGG16 model with fine-tuning. Ultrasound images including 3120 images (1841 benign nodules and 1393 malignant nodules) from 1040 cases were retrospectively collected. The dataset was divided into 80% training and 20% testing data. The highest accuracies yielded on the testing data for radiomics and deep learning based methods were 66.81% and 74.69%, respectively. A comparison result demonstrated that the deep learning based method can achieve a better performance than using radiomics.