Search

Fang Ye,1,* Xiaonan Hou,1,* Jie Chen,1 Hui Qin,1 Xiaojing Xu,1 Die Liu,1 Jing Liu,2 Qi Sun,1 Haiyan Liu,3 Fang Hu,4 Yuwan Zhou,5 Pengfei Xu,1,* Qi Zhang1,* 1Department of Pediatrics, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China; 2Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi an, People’s Republic of China; 4Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510623, People’s Republic of China; 5Department of Prevention Care, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Pengfei Xu; Qi Zhang, Department of Pediatrics, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, No. 2 East Yinghua Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, People’s Republic of China, Email xpf@263.net; zhangqi0355@sina.comPurpose: The objective of this study was to investigate the behavioral changes in the core features and challenging behaviors of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) during the COVID-19 Omicron wave (from December 2022 to January 2023) in China.Patients and Methods: A total of 515 caregivers of children with ASD completed an online survey. This survey was designed to assess the sociodemographic characteristics of the children and their caregivers, the clinical features of COVID-19, the manifestation of core ASD features and challenging behaviors, and the alterations in daily life following the COVID-19 Omicron variant wave.Results: The children with ASD had an average age of 5.4 years, with 79.6% being male. After the Omicron wave, the proportions of participants with worsening core ASD features and challenging behaviors were 22.9% and 37.1%, respectively. Sleep disorders (20.0%), eating problems (18.6%), and inattentive symptoms (17.5%) were the most frequently reported worsening behaviors. The factors associated with the worsening of core ASD features included infection with the Omicron variant of COVID-19, reduced outdoor activity, and a lower score of caregiver health-related quality of life (HRQoL). The worsening of challenging behaviors was associated with infection with the Omicron variant of COVID-19, a lower frequency of rehabilitation training, and a lower score of HRQoL.Conclusion: The outbreak of the COVID-19 Omicron variant had an impact on the behaviors of autistic children. The behavior changes in core ASD features and challenging behaviors differed and were associated with COVID-19 infection and other factors.Keywords: core feature, challenging behavior, behavior worsening, infection, autism spectrum disorder

Zhongyuan Li,1,&ast; Pengfei Xu,2,&ast; Yang Deng,3,&ast; Rui Duan,1 Qiang Peng,1 Shiyao Wang,1 Zhaohan Xu,1 Ye Hong,1 Yingdong Zhang1 1Department of Neurology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210000, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Neurology, Nanjing First Hospital, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210006, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Ye Hong; Yingdong Zhang, Department of Neurology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, No. 68, Changle Road, Nanjing, 210000, People’s Republic of China, Email dg1735053@smail.nju.edu.cn; zhangyingdong@aliyun.comBackground: After ischemic stroke (IS), microglia and astrocytes undergo polarization, transforming into a pro-inflammatory phenotype (M1 or A1). According to previous studies, exosomes might play an important role in the interplay between M1 microglia and A1 astrocytes after IS.Methods: We used the microglial oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R) model and ultracentrifugation to extract M1 microglial exosomes (M1-exos). Subsequently, we identified circSTRN3 enriched in exosomes through RNA sequencing and detected the role of circSTRN3 in astrocyte activation based on bioinformatics analysis, immunofluorescence, Western blotting, and polymerase chain reaction analysis. We validated these findings in the middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R) model of adult male C57BL/6J mice. Finally, we confirmed the correlation among circSTRN3, miR-331-5p, and stroke severity score in exosomes isolated from peripheral blood of IS patients.Results: Our findings revealed that M1-exos promoted A1 astrocyte activation. CircSTRN3 was abundant in M1-exos, which could sponge miR-331-5p to affect mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (MAVS), activate NF-κB pathway, and participate in A1 astrocyte activation. In addition, overexpressed circSTRN3 augmented the infarct size and neurological dysfunction in MCAO/R models, while miR-331-5p mimics reversed the effect. Furthermore, circSTRN3 in IS patients was positively correlated with stroke severity score (R2 = 0.83, P < 0.001), while miR-331-5p demonstrated a negative correlation with the same score (R2 = 0.81, P < 0.001).Conclusion: Taken together, our research indicated that circSTRN3 from M1-exos could promote A1 astrocyte activation and exacerbate ischemic brain injury via miR331-5p/MAVS/NF-κB axis.Keywords: ischemic stroke, microglia, astrocyte, exosome, circSTRN3, miR-331-5p

【Objective】 The inlet forebay with a diffusion angle is a component of pump stations that helps distribute water flow evenly before it reaches the pump. We present a method in this paper to optimize the design of the inlet forebay, using the Xuliu Irrigation Station as a case study. 【Method】 The proposed method utilized the Navier-Stokes equations and the RNG k-ε turbulence model. Three-dimensional water flow in the forebay was numerically simulated under various scenarios, including the current configuration, modifications to the guide walls, and the addition of support columns. The optimal forebay design was determined by comparing the flow patterns generated in each scenario. 【Result】 Both guide walls and support columns improve flow patterns. Installing support columns increases the uniformity of average axial flow velocity distribution and the velocity-weighted average angle at the channel outlet to 97.74% and 88.42°, respectively, slightly surpassing the performance of the guide wall scheme and improving by 1.14% and 1.25° over the current configuration. At the channel inlet, the uniformity of average axial flow velocity distribution and velocity-weighted average angle were 62.86% and 65.82°, respectively, which were significantly higher than those achieved with the guide wall scheme and represented increases of 26.4% and 36.9° over the current configuration. The support column scheme also reduced the proportion of the vortex area in the forebay to 5%, compared to 7% with the guide wall scheme and 45% with the current configuration. 【Conclusion】 Installing support columns effectively improves the uniformity of water flow diffusion and reduces vortex areas, enhancing flow patterns in the forebay compared to the guide wall scheme. These results provide guidance for renovating the forebay at the Xuliu Irrigation Station and similar irrigation projects.

Yuqi Zhang,1,2 Keqian Du,1,2 Xiaoxue Feng,1,2 Jia Xu,1,2 Peijun Xu,1,2 Jianlin Huang1,2 1Department of Rheumatology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China; 2Biomedical Innovation Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Jianlin Huang; Peijun Xu, Department of Rheumatology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, People’s Republic of China, Email hjianl@mail.sysu.edu.cn; xupj@mail.sysu.edu.cnPurpose: This study aimed to compare the rates of disease remission evaluated using various remission criteria, including Boolean2.0, Boolean1.0, clinical disease activity index (CDAI), simplified disease activity index (SDAI), and disease activity score using 28 joints based on C-reactive protein (DAS28-CRP) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).Patients and Methods: A cross-sectional observational analysis was performed using data from patients with RA enrolled in a smart system of disease management group (SSDM). The clinical remission rates of RA patients estimated using the DAS28-CRP, CDAI, SDAI, Boolean1.0 and Boolean2.0 criteria were investigated. Variables were compared using the t-test, Mann–Whitney U-test, or chi-squared test. The agreement between Boolean remission and the DAS28-CRP, CDAI, or SDAI definitions of remission was assessed using McNemar’s test with k coefficient of agreement.Results: A total of 5619 patients were included in the analysis. The mean age of the patients was 56.33 (± 13.01) years, with the majority being female (4491, 79.9%). The rates of remission, as assessed by Boolean2.0, Boolean1.0, DAS28-CRP, CDAI, and SDAI, were 16.6%, 9.7%, 35.2%, 9.1%, and 9.4%, respectively. Comparison with Boolean1.0 criteria revealed higher concordance between Boolean2.0 and DAS28-CRP remission and lower concordance with CDAI and SDAI, regardless of whether the analysis was conducted on the entire population or subgroups based on gender, age or disease duration. Additionally, the administration of different medications may have influenced the rate of Boolean2.0 remission.Conclusion: This study demonstrated a higher concordance between Boolean2.0 criteria and DAS28-CRP remission and a lower concordance with CDAI and SDAI when compared with Boolean1.0 remission criteria.Keywords: Boolean, clinical disease activity index, concordance, disease activity score using 28 joints, remission, simplified disease activity index

Fei-Yi Zhao,1– 3,&ast; Li Li,4,&ast; Peijie Xu,5,&ast; Gerard A Kennedy,2,&ast; Zhen Zheng,2 Yan-Mei Wang,3 Wen-Jing Zhang,3 Li-Ping Yue,1 Yuen-Shan Ho,6 Qiang-Qiang Fu,7 Russell Conduit2 1Department of Nursing, School of International Medical Technology, Shanghai Sanda University, Shanghai, 201209, People’s Republic of China; 2School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, 3083, Australia; 3Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200071, People’s Republic of China; 4Shanghai Changning Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200335, People’s Republic of China; 5School of Computing Technologies, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia; 6School of Nursing, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, People’s Republic of China; 7Yangpu Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200090, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Yuen-Shan Ho, School of Nursing, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, People’s Republic of China, Tel +852 2766 6410, Fax +852 2364 9663, Email janice.ys.ho@polyu.edu.hk Qiang-Qiang Fu, Yangpu Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200090, People’s Republic of China, Tel + 86 021-6569 0520, Fax +86 021-6569 6249, Email qiangqiang.fu@tongji.edu.cnBackground and Aims: Increasing interest in hypnotherapy’s application for a wide range of health conditions has spurred a rise in global research and publications. This study aims to visualize development patterns and current research hotspots in clinical hypnotherapy practice using scientometric methods, and to predict future research directions based on the keyword trending topics analysis.Methods: Data on hypnotherapy applications and mechanisms in clinical settings between 1994 and 2023 were gathered from Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed, followed by analysis and visualization using the VOSviewer, Bibliometrix package in R, and CiteSpace.Results: A total of 1,549 publications were examined, indicating a steady annual increase with an average growth rate of 8.5%, reaching a high of 134 publications in 2022. The United States was the primary research hub. Collectively, 1,464 distinct institutions involving 3,195 scholars contributed to this research theme. Collaboration was predominantly confined to the same country, institution, and/or research team. High-frequency keywords included “Pain”, “Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)”, and “Anxiety”. Systematic review and/or meta-analysis have emerged as favored research methods. fMRI and EEG were commonly used techniques for exploring the neuropsychological mechanisms underlying hypnotherapy. “Self-Hypnosis”, “Virtual Reality”, and “Meditation” were predicted as trending topics, indicating that patients’ self-managed hypnosis practice, virtual reality hypnotherapy, and exploration of the variations in mechanisms between meditation and hypnotherapy might be emerging topics and/or future key research directions within the current field.Conclusion: The use of hypnotherapy for diverse clinical issues, particularly pain, IBS, and comorbid anxiety, is garnering global attention. The evidence-based approach is widely used to assess the quality of clinical evidence for hypnotherapy. Researchers are keen on innovating traditional hetero-hypnosis, with a shift towards more cost-effective self-hypnosis and immersive virtual reality hypnotherapy. Promoting and reinforcing collaborative research efforts across countries, institutions, and teams is warranted.Keywords: scientometrics, VOSviewer, Citespace, hypnosis, anxiety, pain, irritable bowel syndrome, complementary and alternative medicine

Xinyi Ye,1– 4,&ast; Pengfeng Xu,1– 4,&ast; Jianping Jiao,1– 4 Haoyang Zhao,1– 4 Kangyu Jin,1– 5 Shiyi Zhang,1– 4 Fen Pan,1– 4 Jingkai Chen,1– 4 Hao Jiang,1– 4 Jianbo Hu,1– 4 Manli Huang1– 4 1Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, People’s Republic of China; 2Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Precision psychiatry, Hangzhou, 310003, People’s Republic of China; 3Brain Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 31003, People’s Republic of China; 4Zhejiang Engineering Center for Mathematical Mental Health, Hangzhou, 310003, People’s Republic of China; 5Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Manli Huang, Department of Psychiatry, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, People’s Republic of China, Email huangmanli@zju.edu.cnObjective: To assess the efficacy and safety of Vortioxetine and Escitalopram in improving cognition in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD).Methods: At baseline, 131 MDD patients and 70 healthy controls completed the Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD-17), Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA), Snaith-Hamilton Pleasure Scale (SHAPS) and MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB). Patients with MDD were randomly divided into Vortioxetine (n = 62) and Escitalopram (n = 69) groups with an 8-week follow-up research. ANOVA for repeated measurement was utilized to compare the efficacy of Vortioxetine and Escitalopram.Results: The total scores of HAMD-17, HAMA and SHAPS scales had statistical difference between MDD cases and healthy controls (P < 0.001) at baseline. After 8 weeks of treatment, the scale scores of the HAMD-17, HAMA and SHAPS had lowered in both groups, with no statistical difference between two groups (P > 0.05). At baseline, MDD patients had defects in Speed of Processing, Attention Vigilance, Verbal Learning, Visual Learning, Reasoning and Problem Solving, and Social Cognition, compared with healthy controls. After 8 weeks of treatment with Vortioxetine or Escitalopram, the patients had improved in the aspects of cognitive functions above except Social Cognition. Numerical improvements of MCCB scale were found in the two groups, P > 0.05. Most adverse events were mild or moderate, with nausea being the most common adverse event.Conclusion: Both Vortioxetine and Escitalopram can improve the mental status and cognitive functions in MDD patients, with mild or moderate adverse events.Trial Registration: www.chictr.org.cn, identifier: ChiCTR1900024858.Keywords: vortioxetine, escitalopram, major depressive disorder, randomized controlled trial, efficacy

Huihui Ma,1– 3,&ast; Peng Xu,1– 3,&ast; Yunchao Jia,1,2 Yehan Zhou,1– 3 Xinzhi Li,1,2,4 Yanming Wang,1– 3 Ketao Ma1– 3 1Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, 832003, People’s Republic of China; 2NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Central Asia High Incidence Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, 832003, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Physiology, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, 832003, People’s Republic of China; 4Department of Pathophysiology, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, 832003, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Ketao Ma; Yanming Wang, Department of Physiology, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, 832003, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 150 0164 5180 ; +86 175 9093 3308, Email maketao@hotmail.com; wangyanminglyo@163.comPurpose: Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is the most common malignant tumor of the upper gastrointestinal tract, characterized by high mortality and poor prognosis. There is an urgent need for the development of more effective drugs. Alkannin has been shown to inhibit the progression of various cancers, but its inhibitory effects on ESCC remain unclear. This study aims to investigate the therapeutic effects of Alkannin on ESCC and elucidate its potential targets and molecular mechanisms.Methods: Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assays, colony formation assays, Hoechst 33342 staining, wound healing assays, Transwell migration assays, flow cytometry, and Western blotting were used to investigate the therapeutic effects of Alkannin on ESCC in vitro. Transcriptome sequencing and network pharmacology were employed to analyze the potential targets and pathways affected by Alkannin treatment. The anticancer effects of Alkannin in vivo were assessed in a nude mouse model.Results: Alkannin suppressed cell proliferation, invasion, migration, and induced ESCC cell apoptosis. Mechanistic studies indicated that Alkannin inhibits ESCC by inducing G2/M-phase cell cycle arrest by targeting Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3β (GSK3β). Consistently, in vivo administration of Alkannin significantly reduced the growth of ESCC tumors in nude mice.Conclusion: This study is the first to demonstrate that Alkannin, by targeting GSK3β, induces G2/M-phase arrest in ESCC cells, thereby inhibiting migration, invasion, and inducing apoptosis, suggesting that Alkannin may be a promising antitumor agent for treating ESCC. Keywords: esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, Alkannin, network pharmacology, transcriptomics, Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3&#x03B2

Wearable sensors (WS) play a vital role in health assistance to improve the patient monitoring process. However, the existing data collection process faces difficulties in error corrections, rehabilitation, and training validations. Therefore, the data analysis requires additional effort to reduce the overall problems in sports rehabilitation. The existing research difficulties are overcome by applying the proposed spatial data correlation with a support vector machine (SDC-SVM). The algorithm uses the hyperplane function that recognizes sportsperson activities and improves overall activity recognition efficiency. The sensor data are analyzed according to the input margin, and the classification process is performed. In addition, feature correlation and input size are considered to maximize the overall classification procedure of WS data correlation using the size and margin of the input and previously stored data. In both the differentiation and classification instances, the spatiotemporal features of data are extracted and analyzed using support vectors. The proposed SDC-SVM method can improve recognition accuracy, F1 score, and computing time for the varying WS inputs, classifications, and subjects.

Jiaxuan He,1,&ast; Peiye Xu,1,&ast; Rongbing Chen,2 Mengyan Chen,3 Beier Wang,4 Yilun Xie,4 Qinsi Yang,5 Da Sun,1 Mingxia Ji3 1Institute of Life Sciences & Biomedical Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR 999077, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Critical Care Medicine, Yiwu Central Hospital, the Affiliated Yiwu Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Yiwu, 322000, People’s Republic of China; 4Department of Hepatobiliary-Pancreatic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, People’s Republic of China; 5Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, 325000, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Mingxia Ji; Da Sun, Email jmx529652@wmu.edu.cn; sunday@wzu.edu.cnAbstract: Sepsis, a severe condition instigated by infections, continues to be a primary global cause of death, typified by systemic inflammation and advancing immune dysfunction. Comprehending the complex pathological processes that underlie sepsis is integral to the creation of efficacious treatments. Despite the inability of animal models to entirely reproduce the clinical intricacies related to sepsis, they are invaluable instruments for the exploration and development of therapeutic approaches. Within this context, the zebrafish model is particularly noteworthy due to its genetic tractability, transparency, and appropriateness for high-throughput screening of genetic mutants and therapeutic compounds. This scholarly review emphasizes the crucial role that the zebrafish disease model plays in enhancing our comprehension of sepsis, by exploring its applications in deciphering immune and inflammatory responses, evaluating the consequences of genetic alterations, and examining novel therapeutic agents. The Insights derived from zebrafish research not only augment our understanding of the underlying mechanisms of sepsis, but also possess considerable potential for the transference of these discoveries into clinical therapies, thus potentially transforming the approach to sepsis management. The objective of this scholarly article is to underscore the importance of zebrafish in the realm of biomedical research pertaining to sepsis, and to delineate forthcoming opportunities for utilizing this model in clinical applications. Keywords: Sepsis, Zebrafish models, Inflammation, Immunology, Drug development

Panpan Xu,1,&ast; Di Zhang,2,&ast; Wanqing Zhuo,3 Lin Zhou,4 Yue Du,2 Peipei Zhang,1 Lijuan Ma,4 Yajuan Wang2 1Children’s Hospital Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Neonatology, Children’s Hospital, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, People’s Republic of China; 3School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China; 4Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Lijuan Ma; Yajuan Wang, Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Capital Institute of Pediatrics, 2 Yabao Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020, People’s Republic of China, Email malijuan@shouer.com.cn; cxswyj@vip.sina.comPurpose: Klebsiella michiganensis is an opportunistic pathogen that causes an increasing number of serious infections. This study aimed to investigate the etiology of the severe clinical symptoms of sepsis in preterm infants and the characterization of K. michiganensis isolates.Patients and Methods: Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) was performed on three strains isolated from an infected preterm infant. Additionally, the genomic sequences of 534 K. michiganensis strains were obtained from the NCBI database. To gain deeper insights into these strains, we utilized the Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), Clusters of Orthologous Groups (COG), and Pathogen Host Interactions (PHI) database annotation tools for comprehensive gene function analyses. Moreover, the multilocus sequence typing (MLST), EasyCGtree, and virulence factor database (VFDB) were employed to determine the sequence types (STs), construct phylogenetic trees, and identify potential virulence factors.Results: Sequence analysis found that the three isolated strains had identical sequence characteristics and did not correspond to any of the known ST types. Virulence factor analysis revealed that the three strains harbored mrkABCDFHIJ, fimABCDEFGHIK, entABCDEFS, fepABCD, and capsule genes. These virulence factors are likely to play crucial roles in enhancing adhesion and metabolic capabilities, resisting phagocytosis (inducing immune cell damage), and ultimately contributing to prolonged bacteremia. The phylogenetic tree and comparative genomics of virulence factors showed the genetic and virulence factor diversity of the currently reported K. michiganensis strains.Conclusion: We identified a novel strain of K. michiganensis that exhibits high virulence and leads to severe septicemia phenotypes in preterm infants. Furthermore, comparative genomic analysis of previously reported K. michiganensis strains revealed the existence of three clades. This comprehensive analysis provides novel insights into the genetic relationships and virulence factor profiles of diverse strains of K. michiganensis. In future, it will be necessary to investigate the concept of the high virulence of K. michiganensis to determine the treatment method.Keywords: Klebsiella michiganensis, whole-genome sequencing, preterm infant, sepsis

Feature pyramid network is widely used in image understanding tasks based on multi-scale feature learning. The latest multi-scale feature learning focuses on the interactive integration of features in semantic features and detail features. Feature pyramid network complements multi-scale information semantic features and detail features through feature interpolation and summation of adjacent layers. Due to the existence of nonlinear operation and convolution layers with different output dimensions, the relationship among different levels is much more complex, and pixel by pixel summation is suboptimal method. A supervised feature pyramid network based on semantic consistency for object detection is proposed. The present method is composed of asymmetric convolution lateral connection and multi-scale semantic features augmentation. The asymmetric convolution lateral connection improves the generalization of features to various pose objects by learning the feature maps of different receptive fields. The multi-scale semantic features augmentation network improves the detail expression ability of high-level features by supplementing the low-level information for the high-level feature map. Moreover, the present method can provide a better trade-off between accuracy and detection performance. Experiments conduct on the MSCOCO dataset, and the results show that the proposed object detection method's accuracy is improved by 2.6% without increasing extra FLOPs.

Chaoping Ma,1,&ast; Weisong Jiang,2,&ast; Juan Li,1,&ast; Wenwu Sun,2,&ast; Jiyuan Zhang,1 Peixian Xu,1 Yiran Guo,1 Ning Ning,2 Jiaoyan Li,2 Bing Zhao,2 Enqiang Mao,2 Chengjin Gao1 1Departments of Emergency, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200092, People’s Republic of China; 2Departments of Emergency, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200025, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Chengjin Gao; Enqiang Mao, Email gaochengjin@xinhuamed.com.cn; maoeq@yeah.netIntroduction: In critically ill patients, the stress hyperglycemia ratio (SHR) was significantly associated with mortality. However, the relationship between SHR and mortality in septic patients is still unclear.In this study, patients with sepsis from two Chinese academic centers were identified and divided into quartiles based on SHR levels.Methods: Multivariable regression analysis will be used to determine associations between SHR and clinical outcomes in sepsis patients.The Kaplan-Meier curve was used to predict mortality in various groups of septic patients.Results: A total of 1835 septic patients were included in the study.The in-hospital, 30-day, and 60-day mortality rates for all septic patients were 22.8%, 18.7%, and 21.7%, respectively. Increased SHR was significantly associated with hospital mortality in multivariate regression analysis.These results were further confirmed in the adjusted analysis, where the hospital mortality and the 60-day mortality of the highest SHR quartile were significantly increased compared to the lowest SHR quartile. However, the highest SHR quartile was not associated with 30-day mortality.In addition, the risk of in-hospital mortality, 30-day mortality and 60-day mortality showed a consistent upward trend with increasing SHR quartile. The survival curve showed that the worst prognosis was in the fourth SHR quartile.Discussion: In conclusion, SHR was significantly associated with hospital mortality in patients with sepsis. This finding indicates that the SHR may be useful in identifying septic patients at higher risk of hospital mortality.Keywords: sepsis, stress hyperglycemia ratio, mortality, Hyperglycemia

【Objective】 Southern Xinjiang has limited freshwater but relatively abundant saline groundwater. To optimize the use of these water resources, we investigate the effect of alternate brackish and freshwater drip irrigation with film mulching on soil water and salt movement, as well as seed yield of cotton. 【Method】 The experiment was conducted at the Xinjiang Alar Modern Agricultural Comprehensive Experimental Station. It compared nine combinations of brackish and freshwater drip irrigation. In each treatment, we measured the spatiotemporal changes in soil water and salt, as well as growth, and seed yield of the cotton. 【Result】 During the growth period of the cotton, soil water and salt increased with increased use of brackish water. When the amount of brackish water used for irrigation was the same, continuous use of freshwater irrigation in the early growth stage of the cotton was effective to reduce salt content in the root zone. Increasing the use of brackish water in irrigation inhibited crop growth. Moderate use of brackish water in the flowering and boll development stages can promote reproductive growth, however, excessive use would significantly reduce the weight of single bolls. Appropriately alternating brackish and freshwater irrigation not only ensures vegetative growth in the early stages but also promotes reproductive growth during flowering and boll development stage of the cotton. 【Conclusion】 In Southern Xinjiang, alternating brackish and freshwater in drip irrigation with film mulching should keep the brackish water ratio below a specific threshold. Its usage should be minimized during the seedling, budding, and early flowering stages, but can be increased during the flowering and boll development stages. In this experiment, the optimal irrigation sequence was freshwater-freshwater-brackish water.

To study the compressive mechanical properties and failure mechanism of satin woven composites with void defects， the longitudinal compression experiments on C/C-SiC satin woven composites with void defects were conducted. The microscopic strength prediction model of satin woven composites with void defects was established by introducing random pores through the explosive fragment algorithm based on the discrete element method. Based on this model， the progressive failure process of the mesoscopic model under meridional compression load was simulated， revealing the influence of pores on the damage process. The progressive damage process and failure mechanism prediction model are verified by experimental data. The results show that the main failure modes of the material under warp compression load are shear failure and delamination failure， manifesting in three forms： interlaminar local matrix cracking and associated， delamination between the matrix and the warp， complete or partial fracture along the warp and weft debonding and matrix separation， weft cracking. At the same time， the numerical simulation results are basically the same as the experimental values， which verifies the validity of the model of C/C-SiC satin woven composites with void defects， and provides an effective method for the study of mechanical properties of two-dimensional woven composites.

Shengli Oilfield has entered the middle and later development stages， and higher requirements for development seismic technologies have been set to develop reservoirs and further enhance oil recovery finely. The distribution and connectivity of conventional reservoirs in Jiyang Depression are complex due to different buried depths， multi-stage tectonic movements， various sedimentary types， and other factors. At the same time， constrained by seismic recognition， the well-seismic correspondences of some reservoirs are unclear， limiting the accuracy of fine reservoir characterization. In response to the development needs of different types of conventional reservoirs in Shengli Oilfield， a series of development seismic technologies have been formed through practice. These technologies include multi-method integrated reservoir prediction technology for middle and shallow fluvial facies reservoirs， integrated fine description technology for fracture systems in complex fault block reservoirs combing fine fault edge depiction and multiple attributes， prediction technology for middle-deep reservoirs with low permeability， and description technology of buried hill reservoirs fusing multiple parameters of “fault-fracture-dissolution composite storage space.” These technologies provide strong support for reservoir development. However， as the target reservoirs for development get deeper， thinner， and smaller and expand into unconventional reservoirs， the development seismic technologies faces higher requirements and challenges. It is necessary to accelerate the integration process of processing and interpretation， strengthen the theoretical research of rock physics， promote the application of OVT domain pre-stack inversion in the description of multi-type oil reservoirs， tackle the fine description technologies of complex fault block-lithofacies reservoirs， break through the technical bottleneck of well-ground joint acquisition and gravity-magnetic-electric-seismic technology， and realize the application of artificial intelligence technology in the development seismic field， so as to further promote reservoir development.

The effects of adding different ratios of DRI （direct reduced iron） to Consteel EAF on smelting technical and economic indicators， molten steel cleanliness， and the ingredients of acr furnace final slag were studied by conducting experiments on all scrap steel and adding 10%， 20%， and 30% ratios of DRI. And based on the experimental results， the key points of smelting control such as adding metal materials， blowing oxygen and carbon， adding slag making auxiliary materials， and slag discharge were analyzed.The results show that as the proportion of DRI added increases， the consumption of electricity， steel material， slag making auxiliary material， and slag amount gradually increase. When the proportion of DRI addition is 30%， due to the large amount of slag， slag overflows from the furnace door in the middle and late smelting process； At the same time， the cleanliness of the molten steel significantly increases after adding DRI to the EAF， and the mass fraction of nitrogen， phosphorus， sulfur and residual elements at the end of EAF smelting is reduced. And as the proportion of DRI added increases， the rate of decrease in nitrogen mass fraction at the endpoint of the electric furnace decreases. In addition， with the increase of DRI addition ratio， the FeO mass fraction of final slag showed a decreasing trend. When DRI is added at a proprotion of 20%， the effect is better， the smelting cycle is lower， the increase in electricity consumption is not high compared to the total scrap steel furnace， and the nitrogen and residual element content is lower， meeting the requirements of most steel grades.

Abstract The exploration potential within deep-water petroliferous basins holds great promise for oil and gas resources. However, the dearth of geochemical and isotopic data poses a formidable challenge in comprehending the intricate hydrocarbon charging processes, thereby impeding the comprehensive understanding of hydrocarbon accumulation mechanisms and models. Consequently, the establishment of robust source–reservoir relationships in deep-water petroliferous basins represents a pivotal challenge that significantly influences the exploration strategies and the comprehension of hydrocarbon enrichment dynamics within such basins. In this study, we introduce a novel approach, termed the “source–reservoir dynamic evaluation method,” tailored to investigate reservoir accumulation models in deep-water petroliferous basins. This method uses basin simulation technology to recover the thermal evolution history and hydrocarbon generation and expulsion history of source rocks, and on this basis delimits the hydrocarbon kitchen range. At the same time, the maturity of source rocks corresponding to crude oil and natural gas in typical reservoirs is calculated. Then, when the thermal evolution degree of source rocks adjacent to the reservoir reaches this maturity, the corresponding geological period is the main charging period of hydrocarbon. As a typical deep-water petroliferous basin, the Santos Basin in Brazil has abundant oil and gas reservoirs under the thick salt rock, but there are still some fundamental problems such as unclear oil–gas accumulation process and model. Therefore, in this paper, the main charging periods of typical hydrocarbon reservoirs are determined based on the internal relationship between the thermal evolution history of the main source rocks and the maturity of crude oil and natural gas, and then the hydrocarbon accumulation process is analyzed and the dynamic accumulation model is established. Finally, the favorable prospecting direction is pointed out. The results show that the oil and gas in the Barra Velha Formation in the Santos basin are mainly derived from the Itapema Formation lacustrine shale source rock, and the source rock is mainly developed in the Eastern Sag of the Central Depression, and its main hydrocarbon generation period is from the deposition period of Florianopolis Formation to the deposition period of Santos Formation. The main hydrocarbon expulsion period was from the deposition period of the Santos Formation to the Early deposition of the Iguape Formation. The oil and gas in the Barra Velha Formation were mainly charged from the Late deposition period of the Santos Formation to the Early deposition period of the Iguape Formation. During this period, the hydrocarbon migrated vertically along the normal fault formed in the rift period to the trap of the adjacent inheritance structural highs and accumulated in the reservoir, which was dominated by the accumulation model of the “lower generation-upper reservoir-salt cap”. Since the Barra Velha Formation has the characteristics of near-source accumulation, based on the hydrocarbon expulsion center and hydrocarbon expulsion intensity of the source rock of the Itapema Formation, the distribution ranges of 85% and 50% Pre-salt accumulation probability in the Santos basin were calculated by using the quantitative analysis model of the hydrocarbon distribution threshold. It is suggested that the next oil and gas exploration should be carried out in the paleo-structural highs and slope of Class I favorable area (the hydrocarbon accumulation probability is more than 85%) and Class II favorable area (the hydrocarbon accumulation probability is 85–50%).

Abstract With the area of perovskite films and devices increases, the performance tends to deteriorate, which can be attributed to the accumulation of defects at the bottom surface without proper passivation. Here, we introduce the 1-(4-Fluorophenyl)−2-pyrrolidone molecule (FPP) as additive in large-area blade-coating perovskite films. During the top-down crystallization process, the FPP molecule form an intermediate phase with the perovskite components and subsequently self-deposit at the bottom surface. Consequently, the crystallization kinetics of the large-area thin films are regulated, and the bottom surface is effectively and uniformly passivated in one single-step processing. By employing this self-deposited passivation method (SDP), the efficiency decrease caused by the expansion of the device area has been significantly suppressed and the devices yield power conversion efficiency of 23.41% (0.09 cm2), 22.43% (1 cm2), and 20.75% (24 cm2). The method is compatible for commercial manufacturing with scaling up solar cell area and holding high efficiency.

Objective·To analyze the clinicopathologic characteristics of patients with kidney-involved diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), including clinical characteristics, pathological characteristics, gene mutation profiles, and prognostic factors.Methods·One hundred and forty-nine patients with kidney-involved DLBCL, admitted to Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from July 2005 to November 2021, were retrospectively analyzed for their clinicopathological data, survival and prognostic factors, which included therapeutic methods, clinical outcomes, staging, etc. Gene mutation profiles were evaluated by targeted sequencing of 54 lymphoma-related genes. Prognostic factors were also analyzed based on the information mentioned above.Results·A total of 149 kidney-involved DLBCL cases were included, of which 89 patients (58.4%) were aged over sixty, 121 patients (81.2%) were staged Ann Arbor Ⅲ‒Ⅳ, 27 patients (18.1%) had an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of two or more, 121 patients (81.2%) had elevated serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level, 111 patients (74.5%) had extranodal invasion in at least two organs and 131 patients (87.9%) scored over 2 points on the international prognosis index (IPI). The estimated 5-year overall survival (OS) rate and progression-free survival (PFS) rate of kidney-involved DLBCL patients were 52.2% and 50.4% respectively. Univariate analysis revealed that elevated serum LDH levels were an adverse prognostic factor for both OS (P=0.048) and PFS (P=0.033). In pathological characteristics, 145 patients (97.3%) belonged to DLBCL, not otherwise specified (NOS) and 39 patients (26.3%) belonged to germinal center B-cell (GCB) according to Hans classification. Among 144 patients who could be evaluated for clinical outcomes, 87 patients (60.4%) got complete response (CR). Targeted sequencing data from 75 kidney-involved DLBCL patients showed high mutation frequency in PIM1 (n=23, 31%), MYD88 (n=22, 29%), CD79B (n=21, 28%) and KMT2D (n=18, 24%), with CD79B mutation indentified as an adverse prognostic factor for OS in patients with kidney-involved DLBCL (P=0.034).Conclusion·Elevated serum LDH level is an adverse prognostic factor in patients with kidney-involved DLBCL. The prognosis of patients with CD79B mutations is poor.

Abstract Objective To explore the distribution of thrombin–antithrombin complex (TAT), plasmin-α2-antiplasmin inhibitor complex (PIC), thrombomodulin (TM), and tissue plasminogen activator-inhibitor complex (t-PAIC) in healthy older Chinese adults, and establish the reference intervals (RIs). Methods The Biotech Shine i2900 chemiluminescence immune assay was used to measure the plasma concentrations of TAT, PIC, TM, and t-PAIC in 1628 adults ≥ 60 years. The RIs were established using the 2.5th and 97.5th percentiles of the distribution. Results TAT levels were lower in males than females across all ages. Differences between the ages of 60–79 and ≥ 80 in both sex groups were statistically significant, with an upward trend with age. PIC levels showed no difference between the sexes but increased with age in both groups. TM levels did not differ between the sex groups, with slight fluctuation with age. The level in females aged 60–69 was slightly higher than that in the other groups; the difference was statistically significant. T-PAIC levels were not significantly different between the sex groups, with less fluctuation with sex and age. The level in males ≥ 80 years old was slightly lower than that in the other groups; the difference was statistically significant. The RIs for all markers in healthy older Chinese adults were determined and statistically reported by age and sex. For TAT, the RIs for males aged 60–79 and ≥ 80 are 0.51–2.30 ng/mL and 0.88–3.72 ng/mL, respectively, whereas for females aged 60–79 and ≥ 80, the RIs are 0.68–2.82 ng/mL and 1.02–3.67 ng/mL, respectively. For PIC, the RIs for the age groups 60–69, 70–79, and ≥ 80 are 0.10–0.89 µg/mL, 0.12–1.00 µg/mL, and 0.21–1.04 µg/mL, respectively. The RI of TM for females aged 60–69 is 3.32–13.22 TU/mL, whereas it is 2.96–13.26 TU/mL for the other groups. The RI of t-PAIC for males aged ≥ 80 is 1.63–10.68 ng/mL, whereas it is 2.33–11.34 ng/mL for the other groups. Conclusions Discrepancies exist in thrombus markers among different sex and age groups. The RIs of TAT, PIC, TM and t-PAIC for healthy older Chinese adults were successfully established.

Fei-Yi Zhao,1– 3,&ast; Li Li,4,&ast; Peijie Xu,5,&ast; Wen-Jing Zhang,3,&ast; Gerard A Kennedy,2 Zhen Zheng,2 Yan-Mei Wang,3 Li-Ping Yue,1 Yuen-Shan Ho,6 Qiang-Qiang Fu,7 Russell Conduit2 1Department of Nursing, School of International Medical Technology, Shanghai Sanda University, Shanghai, 201209, People’s Republic of China; 2School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, 3083, Australia; 3Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200071, People’s Republic of China; 4Shanghai Changning Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200335, People’s Republic of China; 5School of Computing Technologies, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia; 6School of Nursing, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, SAR, People’s Republic of China; 7Yangpu Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200090, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Yuen-Shan Ho, School of Nursing, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, SAR, People’s Republic of China, Tel +852 2766-6410, Fax +852 2364-9663, Email janice.ys.ho@polyu.edu.hk Qiang-Qiang Fu, Yangpu Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200090, People’s Republic of China, Tel + 86 021-6569 0520, Fax + 86 021-6569 6249, Email qiangqiang.fu@tongji.edu.cnBackground: Acupuncture is popular in the treatment of mental illness. This study determined its feasibility and role in managing postpartum depression (PPD) using a network meta-analysis.Methods: We systematically searched seven databases up to May 2024 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) appraising acupuncture’s efficacy and safety against waitlist-control, placebo, standard control, or as an add-on treatment. Cochrane criteria were followed.Results: Thirteen studies encompassing 872 participants underwent analysis. Both pairwise and network meta-analysis indicated that acupuncture, psychotherapy, and antidepressants were comparable in clinical efficacy rate and in reducing Hamilton Depression Scale and Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale scores. Acupuncture and psychotherapy also effectively mitigated concurrent anxiety symptoms. Combining acupuncture with antidepressants augmented therapeutic efficacy and reduced reported gastrointestinal adverse effects associated with antidepressant use. Acupuncture combined with psychotherapy offered similar benefits with superior safety profile. However, the quality of evidence ranged from very low to low due to significant risks of bias and limited sample sizes. The efficacy of psychotherapy and the combination of acupuncture and psychotherapy might be underestimated, as most RCTs used supportive therapy or individual counseling as positive controls instead of recommended approaches like interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) or cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) per PPD guidelines.Conclusion: Current evidence precludes strong recommendations of administering acupuncture in PPD. Rigorous RCTs are essential to validate promising outcomes observed in comparisons between acupuncture, antidepressants, and their combined application. It remains inconclusive whether acupuncture’s antidepressive effect is specific or non-specific. Given that psychotherapy is a recommended first-line treatment, investigating the potential efficacy enhancement of combining acupuncture with IPT/CBT is paramount to ascertain the preferred therapeutic approach for PPD.Keywords: postpartum depression, acupuncture, antidepressants, interpersonal psychotherapy, cognitive behavioral therapy, clinical trials

Water is a vital resource essential to the survival and development of all creatures. With the rapid growth of industry and agriculture, people face a severe threat of ecological destruction and environmental pollution while living earthly lives. Water pollution, in particular, harms people’s health the most. As a result, water supply security has become a top priority. As a critical point in water supply safety, monitoring water quality effectively and forecasting sudden water contamination on time has become a research hotspot worldwide. With the rapid development and wide applications of artificial intelligence and computer vision technologies, biological activity identification-based intelligent water quality monitoring methods have drawn widespread attention. They were taking fish activities as the water-quality indicator has gained extensive attention by introducing advanced computer vision and artificial intelligence technologies with low cost and ease of carrying. This article comprehensively reviews recent progress in the research and applications of machine vision-based intelligent water quality monitoring and early warning techniques based on fish activity behavior recognition. In detail, it addresses water quality-oriented fish detection and tracking, activity recognition, and abnormal behavior recognition-based intelligent water quality monitoring. It analyzes and compares the performance and their favorite application conditions. Finally, it summarizes and discusses the difficulties and hotspots of water quality monitoring based on the fish’s abnormal behavior recognition and their future development trends.

This paper summarized the integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine in wound care of a patient with erysipelas of lower limbs. Based on the comprehensive nursing assessment on dietary, mental status and infection risks of the patient, basic nursing interventions and Traditional Chinese Medicine nursing techniques such as blood-letting acupuncture, cupping and Tongbian scraping were carried out to unblock the main and collateral channels, create Qi and activate blood, thereby promoting chronic wound healing. (本文总结1例下肢丹毒患者破溃伤口的中西医结合护理经验。基于护理评估, 在常规饮食、情志、抗感染等护理基础上, 采用刺络、拔罐联合铜砭刮痧中医护理技术, 引邪出表、疏通经络、造气活血, 改善伤口及周围皮肤的气血运行, 有效促进患者慢性伤口的愈合。)

Volatile components are one of the main active components of Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort and are important indicators for evaluating the medicinal quality of Ligusticum chuanxiong. To explore the effects of 60Co-γ irradiation on the volatile components of Ligusticum chuanxiong, the samples were treated with different irradiation doses, and the changes of the volatile components before and after irradiation were analyzed using an electronic nose combined with headspace solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Principal component analysis (PCA), linear discriminant analysis (LDA), orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA), and cluster statistical analysis were used to elucidate changes in the volatile components of Ligusticum chuanxiong before and after irradiation. The electronic nose detection results and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry detection results indicated that ketone alkanes, alcohols, aldehydes, and ketones contributed to the odor of Ligusticum chuanxiong. Irradiation treatments at doses ≤10 kGy had no significant effect on the odor of Ligusticum chuanxiong. The results demonstrated that after irradiation at 0 kGy (control group), 3 kGy, 7 kGy, and 10 kGy, 60 compounds were identified in Ligusticum chuanxiong, including 23 hydrocarbons, 12 alcohols, 10 lipids, and 4 aldehydes or ketones, and 11 others. There were mainly 21 volatile substances that changed after irradiation, accounting for approximately 12.92% of the volatile components in Ligusticum chuanxiong; however, they were not the main volatile components of Ligusticum chuanxiong. No new compounds were identified in Ligusticum chuanxiong after irradiation treatment within a dose of 10 kGy. The results provide a theoretical basis and reference for the influence of 60Co-γ irradiation on the quality of Ligusticum chuanxiong samples and also lay a certain foundation for the application of irradiation in Ligusticum chuanxiong pieces and traditional Chinese medicine and simple preparation resources. The results indicate that the treatment of 60Co-γ irradiation on the Ligusticum chuanxiong samples with doses ˂10 kGy does not affect its main volatile components.

Hanrui Fan,1 Ping Xu,1 Enming Zhang,1 Xi Meng,2 Jianmei Xia,3 Yong Fei,3 Ming Yao3 1Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China; 2Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Anesthesiology and Pain, The First Hospital of Jiaxing, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Yong Fei, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain, The First Hospital of Jiaxing, 1882 Zhong-Huan-South Road, Jiaxing, 314000, People’s Republic of China, Email jxfy6666662022@163.comBackground: Current studies mostly suggest that hyperhidrosis is caused by relative sympathetic hyperactivity. Sympathetic radiofrequency thermocoagulation is widely used in clinics. Previous studies have demonstrated that surgery at T3 is effective and safe compared with higher levels, so craniofacial hyperhidrosis in our hospital is selected to be treated at T3. However, some patients pursue repeat medical treatment due to an increase in hyperhidrosis at the original site after surgery. Previous studies have demonstrated the significance of Perfusion index (PI) value in the recurrence of palmar hyperhidrosis, but there is no relevant study on craniofacial hyperhidrosis.Methods: Clinical data from patients with craniofacial hyperhidrosis, who underwent T3 sympathetic radiofrequency thermocoagulation at Jiaxing First Hospital (Jiaxing, China) between January 1, 2018 and December 31, 2021, were analyzed. Recurrence in patients 1 year after surgery was recorded through a case search and telephone follow-up system that registered patient information. Clinical data were analyzed using binary logistic regression analysis to investigate risk factors associated with recurrence in patients with craniofacial hyperhidrosis 1 year after surgery.Results: Of 83 patients included in the present study, 34 (40%) experienced increased craniofacial sweating 1 year after surgery. Results of univariate logistic regression analysis revealed that computed tomography (CT) scan count, increase in pulse index (PI) at the fingertips, and differences in forehead temperature were potential risk factors for postoperative recurrence in patients with craniofacial hyperhidrosis (p< 0.2), and the results were consistent on both sides. Three potential risk factors were included in the multivariate logistic regression analysis and results revealed that the risk for recurrence was reduced by 48% (left side) and 67% (right side) for every 1 unit increase in PI value.Conclusion: A small increase in PI was an independent risk factor for recurrence of hyperhidrosis in patients with craniofacial hyperhidrosis after undergoing T3 sympathetic radiofrequency thermocoagulation.Keywords: ephidrosis, craniofacial hyperhidrosis, sympathetic radiofrequency thermocoagulation

Yong-Yao Wu,1,&ast; Jun-Yuan Li,1,&ast; Qiao-Jing Xia,1 Yi-Yi Gao,1 Chao Zhang,1 Peng-Jie Xu,1 Jiang Liu,1 Hao-Jie Zhang,1 Ri-Zhen Yu2 1Department of Nephrology, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, 315099, People’s Republic of China; 2Urology & Nephrology Center, Department of Nephrology, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310014, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Hao-Jie Zhang, Department of Nephrology, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, No. 1111 Jiangnan Road, Yinzhou District, Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province, 315099, People’s Republic of China, Email zhang_haojie843@outlook.com Ri-Zhen Yu, Urology & Nephrology Center, Department of Nephrology, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, No. 158 Shangtang Road, Gongshu District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 571-85893889, Fax +86 571-85131448, Email rizhen_3180yu83@126.comObjective: Sarcopenia is more common in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients, and the aim of this study is to analyze the risk factors associated with sarcopenia in MHD patients, along with its correlation to emotional status and quality of life.Methods: This is a cross-sectional cohort study. A total of 111 MHD patients who were treated in the Department of Nephrology of our hospital were selected as the study subjects by convenience sampling. The quality of life and emotional status were evaluated by health survey scale (SF-36), self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) and self-rating depression scale (SDS). Regression analysis was used to explore the influencing factors of sarcopenia. Correlation analysis was used to investigate the correlation between sarcopenia and quality of life and emotional status.Results: The prevalence of sarcopenia was 59.8%. The results showed that age, gender, body mass index (BMI), dialysis time, economic status, marital status and pre-dialysis creatinine were significant factors affecting the development of sarcopenia in hemodialysis patients (p< 0.05). The SF-36 total score was significantly lower in the sarcopenia group (72.05± 12.28 vs 78.03± 10.55) than in the non-sarcopenia group, but the anxiety scale score (52.97± 4.67 vs 36.2± 3.36) and depression scale score (57.67± 4.58 vs 38.71± 3.77) were significantly higher than those in the non-sarcopenia group (p< 0.001). Correlation analysis showed that sarcopenia was positively correlated with SAS and SDS scores and negatively correlated with SF-36 total score (p < 0.05).Conclusion: The risk of sarcopenia was higher among MHD patients who were older, male, single, with a longer MHD duration, lower economic status, lower BMI, comorbid diabetes and lower levels of creatinine.Keywords: maintenance hemodialysis, sarcopenia, quality of life, risk factors, cross-sectional studies

High Mach flight has put forward more stringent requirements for the material and structure design of new generation of high-speed vehicles. This paper reviews the application of ceramic matrix composites（CMCs） in the structural design of aircraft from the aspects of selection，application，and evaluation，and then the future development direction is put forward to provide reference for aircraft ceramic matrix composite structure design. The selection criteria and corresponding preparation methods of CMCs in different application scenarios are comprehensively reviewed，the typical applications of CMCs in aircraft structures are systematically introduced，and the evaluation criteria and ground test methods of the materials under near-service conditions are analyzed. To order to meet the future demands of aircraft，it is necessary to integrate computer-aided optimization technology and innovative preparation methods to enhance the temperature resistance and fatigue performance of CMCs. Developing highly reliable，long-life joining techniques and integrated design solutions will fully leverage the advantages of these materials. Additionally，in-situ characterization techniques under multi-physical field coupling need to be developed to obtain the performance evolution behaviour of CMCs in actual use，providing a reliable basis for the lightweight structural design of aircraft.

Carboxymethyl pachymaran （CMP） is a carboxymethylated modification product of the water-insoluble polysaccharides from Poria cocos. It has many biological activities such as immune regulation, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, anti-oxidation, liver damage protection and intestinal flora regulation. It has a wide application prospect in functional food, active molecular carrier, medicine and other fields. In this paper, the research of CMP at home and abroad in recent years was focused, the biological activity, preparation, identification and application development of CMP were reviewed, and the future development direction of CMP was prospected.

Panpan Xu,1– 3 Yu Cao,1– 3 Ruiqing Ren,1– 3 Shuai Zhang,1– 3 Cheng Zhang,1– 3 Panpan Hao,1– 3 Meng Zhang1– 3 1State Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory, Jinan, People’s Republic of China; 2Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Meng Zhang; Panpan Hao, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, No. 107, Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People’s Republic of China, Email zhangmeng@sdu.edu.cn; panda.how@sdu.edu.cnPurpose: The systemic inflammation response index (SIRI) and the systemic immune inflammation index (SII) are indicators that reflect the body’s overall systemic inflammatory response. Inflammation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of in-stent restenosis (ISR). The aim of this study was to investigate the predictive value of preoperative SIRI and SII for the occurrence of ISR in patients undergoing coronary stent implantation.Materials and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical, hematological, and angiographic data of 387 patients who underwent coronary angiography for recurrent angina after coronary stent implantation at Qilu Hospital of Shandong University. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis was used to determine the optimal cutoff values for SIRI and SII to predict ISR. Based on the optimal cutoff values for SIRI and SII, patients were categorized into high-SIRI, low-SIRI, high-SII, and low-SII groups. Multivariate logistic regression models were constructed to assess the predictive value of SIRI and SII for ISR > 50% and ISR > 70%.Results: This study included a total of 387 patients who underwent coronary angiography and follow-up at Qilu Hospital of Shandong University. Patients in the high-SIRI group had a higher incidence of ISR than those in the low-SIRI group (ISR > 50%: 44.8% vs 30.7%, p = 0.018; ISR > 70%: 41.5% vs 4.5%, p < 0.001). In addition, ISR occurred more frequently in patients with a higher SII than in patients with a lower SII (ISR > 50%: 52.6% vs 35.7%, p = 0.001; ISR > 70%: 51.9% vs 23%, p < 0.001). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, SIRI and SII were found to be independent predictive factors for ISR, both as continuous and categorical variables. In the ROC analysis, the optimal cutoff value for SIRI was set at 0.54 (sensitivity: 84.5%, specificity: 27%), and the optimal cutoff value for SII was set at 545.29 (sensitivity: 44.1%, specificity: 71.7%).Conclusion: Elevated preoperative SIRI and SII values help predict ISR and may serve as a useful screening tool to perform interventional procedures based on the patient’s risk of ISR after stent implantation.Keywords: SIRI, SII, in-stent restenosis, percutaneous coronary intervention

Min Lei,1,2,&ast; Zheng Jiang,1,2,&ast; Peng Xu,1,2 Zhenglin Chang,1– 3 Yuyan Zhang,4 Shike Zhang,1,2 Lingyue An,1,2,5 Shujue Li,2,3 Tao Zeng,2,3 Hans-Göran Tiselius,6 Yuhao Zhou,1,2 Guohua Zeng,2,3 Wenqi Wu1,2 1Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510260, People’s Republic of China; 2Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510260, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510260, People’s Republic of China; 4Guangzhou Institute of Dermatology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510095, People’s Republic of China; 5Department of Urology, Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550002, People’s Republic of China; 6Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, 14186, Sweden&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Wenqi Wu; Guohua Zeng, Email 2009681012@gzhmu.edu.cn; gzgyzgh@vip.sina.comBackground: The purpose of this study was to identify bacterial differences between urine cultures (UC) and stone cultures (SC) in patients with complex kidney stones and to determine any correlation with post-percutaneous nephrolithotomy Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS).Methods: Perioperative data of 1055 patients with complex kidney stones treated with first-stage Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL) from September 2016 until September 2021 were included. Preoperative mid-stream urine samples and surgically obtained stone material were subjected to bacterial culture and antibiotic sensitivity tests. Preoperatively, antibiotic usage was determined by the UC or local bacterial resistance patterns. After PCNL treatment, antibiotic selection was guided by stone bacterial culture result and clinical symptoms. The effect of different preoperative antibiotic regimens based on urine cultures and postoperative antibiotic treatment based on stone cultures were assessed.Results: Positive stone cultures (SC+) were significantly more common than positive urine cultures (UC+) (31.9% vs 20.9%, p < 0.05). Escherichia coli (E. coli) was the most common uropathogen in both urine (54.3%) and stones (43.9%). The difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05). Moreover, UC+SC-, UC-SC+, UC+SC+, and preoperative serum creatinine were independent risk factors of postoperative SIRS. The incidence of SIRS in the UC+SC+ patients with different bacteria in stones and urine (51.6%) was higher than that in other culture groups. The antibiotic resistance of E. coli inside the stone was increased when prolonged preoperative antibiotics were administered to UC+ patients.Conclusion: The bacterial spectrum and positive outcome of culture in urine and stones were significantly different. The incidence of postoperative SIRS was highest in patients with UC+SC+ but with different bacteria strains. Prolonged pre-surgical antibiotic treatment apparently induced higher drug resistance for bacteria inside the stone.Keywords: kidney stones, bacterial spectrum, antibiotic resistance, stone culture, urine culture

Abstract This study aims to explore the risk factors associated with frozen shoulder (FS) and develop a predictive model for diagnosing FS, in order to facilitate early detection of the condition. A total of 103 patients diagnosed with FS and admitted to the Department of Joint Surgery at Suining Central Hospital between October 2021 and October 2023 were consecutively included in the study. Additionally, 309 individuals without shoulder joint diseases, matched for age and gender, who visited the department during the same time, were included as the control group.The complete recording of clinical data for all patients was followed by the utilization of statistical tests such as the Mann–Whitney U test, sample t test, and chi-square test to compare different groups. Additionally, multivariate binary logistic regression analysis was employed to identify risk factors associated with the occurrence of FS in patients, leading to the establishment of a prediction model and derivation of a simplified equation. The diagnostic effectiveness of individual indicators and prediction models was assessed through the use of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. In the sample of 103 individuals, 35 were identified as male and 68 as female, with an average age range of 40–70 years (mean age: 54.20 ± 6.82 years). The analysis conducted between different groups revealed that individuals with a low body mass index (BMI), in conjunction with other factors such as diabetes, cervical spondylosis, atherosclerosis, and hyperlipidemia, were more susceptible to developing FS. Logistic regression analysis further indicated that low BMI, diabetes, cervical spondylosis, and hyperlipidemia were significant risk factors for the occurrence of FS. These variables were subsequently incorporated into a predictive model, resulting in the creation of a simplified equation.The ROC curve demonstrated that the combined indicators in the predictive model exhibited superior diagnostic efficacy compared to single indicators, as evidenced by an area under the curve of 0.787, sensitivity of 62.1%, and specificity of 82.2%. Low BMI, diabetes, cervical spondylosis, and hyperlipidemia are significant risk factors associated with the occurrence of FS. Moreover, the utilization of a prediction model has demonstrated superior capability in forecasting the likelihood of FS compared to relying solely on individual indicators. This finding holds potential in offering valuable insights for the early diagnosis of FS.

Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains a significant global medical challenge. Formononetin, an isoflavone derived from Astragalus membranaceus, has been shown to have various regulatory effects on HCC. However, the exact molecular mechanism by which formononetin acts against HCC is still unclear.Purpose To elucidate the molecular mechanism of formononetin in treating HCC.Methods The potential targets of formononetin were retrieved from Swisstargets and SEA databases, while targets associated with HCC were sourced from GeneCards, NCBI and DisGeNET databases. The overlapping targets were visualized using protein–protein interaction (PPI) network analysis via String database, and subsequently subjected to Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis. Molecular docking was employed to confirm the interaction between formononetin and key targets. Ultimately, the effectiveness of formononetin on HCC and the signalling pathway with the highest enrichment were confirmed in the HCC tumour-bearing mice. Histopathological changes in tumour tissues were observed using haematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining, while apoptosis of tumour cells in mice was assessed through TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labelling (TUNEL) and immunofluorescence staining. The most enriched signalling pathway was verified using Western blotting and immunohistochemical (IHC) staining.Results One hundred and ninety-three potential targets related to formononetin, 6980 targets associated with HCC and 156 overlapping targets were obtained from the online public databases. Molecular docking studies demonstrated formononetin’s robust interaction with core targets. KEGG enrichment analysis identified 111 signalling pathways, including PI3K/AKT and apoptosis signalling pathways. In vivo experiments demonstrated that formononetin significantly promoted apoptosis of tumour cell in mice, as confirmed by HE, TUNEL and immunofluorescence staining (p

Gliomas are malignant tumours of the human nervous system with different World Health Organization (WHO) classifications, glioblastoma (GBM) with higher grade and are more malignant than lower-grade glioma (LGG). To dissect how the DNA methylation heterogeneity in gliomas is influenced by the complex cellular composition of the tumour immune microenvironment, we first compared the DNA methylation profiles of purified human immune cells and bulk glioma tissue, stratifying three tumour immune microenvironmental subtypes for GBM and LGG samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). We found that more intermediate methylation sites were enriched in glioma tumour tissues, and used the Proportion of sites with Intermediate Methylation (PIM) to compare intertumoral DNA methylation heterogeneity. A larger PIM score reflected stronger DNA methylation heterogeneity. Enhanced DNA methylation heterogeneity was associated with stronger immune cell infiltration, better survival rates, and slower tumour progression in glioma patients. We then created a Cell-type-associated DNA Methylation Heterogeneity Contribution (CMHC) score to explore the impact of different immune cell types on heterogeneous CpG site (CpGct) in glioma tissues. We identified eight prognosis-related CpGct to construct a risk score: the Cell-type-associated DNA Methylation Heterogeneity Risk (CMHR) score. CMHR was positively correlated with cytotoxic T-lymphocyte infiltration (CTL), and showed better predictive performance for IDH status (AUC = 0.96) and glioma histological phenotype (AUC = 0.81). Furthermore, DNA methylation alterations of eight CpGct might be related to drug treatments of gliomas. In conclusion, we indicated that DNA methylation heterogeneity is associated with a complex tumour immune microenvironment, glioma phenotype, and patient’s prognosis.

Studies of interspecific differences in the physiological performance of animals and their relationship with metabolism may provide insight into how selection influences diversity in phenotypic traits. To investigate the effects of food habits on growth, digestion, specific dynamic action (SDA), and the intestinal microbiota and verify their relationships in freshwater fishes, we measured the specific growth rate (SGR), meal remaining in the gastrointestinal tract, postprandial metabolic response, and intestinal microbial diversity of nine freshwater fish species with different food habits (three carnivorous, four omnivorous, and two herbivorous) fed at 25°C. The SGR, energy ingested (EI), energy efficiency (EE), gastrointestinal evacuation rate (GER), peak metabolic rate (PMR), peak metabolic scope (PMS), and SDA duration values were the highest in carnivores and the lowest in herbivores. The routine metabolic rate (RMR) and SDA coefficient values of carnivores were also significantly greater than those of omnivores and herbivores. The SGR was also significantly and positively correlated with the EI, GER, PMS, and SDA coefficients. These results indicated that growth performance, feeding and digestion abilities, and feeding metabolic responses were the strongest in carnivores and the weakest in herbivores. There was no significant difference in the richness of the intestinal microbiota with different food habits, whereas omnivores presented the highest diversity, followed by herbivores, and carnivores presented the lowest diversity. Moreover, while the phylum composition of the intestinal microbiota in fish with different food habits was similar, significant differences were observed in the composition proportions among carnivores. This might be related to the host’s ability to digest and utilize proteins, fats, and carbohydrates. We suggest that the interspecific differences in growth associated with different food habits are related to their feeding and digestive abilities, metabolic response, and gut microbiota.

Abstract In silico identification of viral anti-CRISPR proteins (Acrs) has relied largely on the guilt-by-association method using known Acrs or anti-CRISPR associated proteins (Acas) as the bait. However, the low number and limited spread of the characterized archaeal Acrs and Aca hinders our ability to identify Acrs using guilt-by-association. Here, based on the observation that the few characterized archaeal Acrs and Aca are transcribed immediately post viral infection, we hypothesize that these genes, and many other unidentified anti-defense genes (ADG), are under the control of conserved regulatory sequences including a strong promoter, which can be used to predict anti-defense genes in archaeal viruses. Using this consensus sequence based method, we identify 354 potential ADGs in 57 archaeal viruses and 6 metagenome-assembled genomes. Experimental validation identified a CRISPR subtype I-A inhibitor and the first virally encoded inhibitor of an archaeal toxin-antitoxin based immune system. We also identify regulatory proteins potentially akin to Acas that can facilitate further identification of ADGs combined with the guilt-by-association approach. These results demonstrate the potential of regulatory sequence analysis for extensive identification of ADGs in viruses of archaea and bacteria.

ObjectivePost-stroke cognitive impairment （PSCI） is a common syndrome associated with cerebral stroke，and there is a significant lack of objective cognitive assessment methods clinically for PSCI. This study aims to investigate the correlation between different electrode P300 latencies and cognitive functions in patients with PSCI，to provide experimental support for using P300 as an objective index in cognitive function assessment.MethodsThis study included 46 patients diagnosed with post-stroke cognitive impairment from May to August 2023 at the Rehabilitation Hospital affiliated with Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine，along with 20 control subjects. The control group underwent the MoCA assessment. Participants in the PSCI group underwent neuropsychological tests：MoCA，Trail Making Test A （TMT-A），Trail Making Test B （TMT-B），Rivermead Behavioral Memory Test （RBMT-II），and Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test （ROCFT）. All patients and control subjects completed the event-related potential P300 assessment.ResultsCompared with the control group，participants in the PSCI group had significantly longer P300 latencies at nine electrodes （Fz，Cz，Pz，F3，C3，P3，F4，C4，and P4） （P < 0. 001）. ROC analysis showed that the latencies of P300-Cz and P300-Pz were strongly correlated with predicting overall cognitive function in PSCI （AUC > 0. 7）. In the analysis of specific cognitive domains，we found that P300-Pz and P300-P4 latencies were highly correlated with visuospatial/executive functions，P300-Pz latency with orientation，P300-Fz latency with attention，and latencies at Cz，Pz，and P4 with memory function （P < 0. 01）.ConclusionThe prolongation of the P300 latency in PSCI patients is correlated with cognitive dysfunction. The P300 latencies at electrodes Fz，Cz，Pz，and P4 may serve as predictive indicators for overall cognitive function，visuospatial/executive abilities，orientation，attention，and memory. These results further expand the assessment tools for cognitive functions in patients with PSCI.

ObjectiveTo analyze the content of 6 kinds of amatoxins in 3 species of Lepiota collected from Chuxiong of Yunnan Province.MethodsThe collected mushrooms were baked and dried at 45 ℃， and species identification was carried out by morphological and molecular biology methods. The mushrooms were divided into three different growth periods （growth period， mature stage， aged stage） and different tissue parts （pileus， stipe， whole）， and the toxins were extracted by ultrapure water ultrasound. The determination was performed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry with electrospray （ESI-） in multiple-reaction monitoring （MRM） mode， and the content was quantitatively analyzed by external standard method.ResultsNo amatoxins were detected in Lepiota clypeolaria and Lepiota cristata， while α-amanitin and β-amanitin were detected in Lepiota brunneoincarnata， and the content of α-amanitin was higher than β-amanitin. The total content of α-amanitin was highest in the mature stage （1.67 mg/g）， followed by the grow stage （1.56 mg/g） and least in the aged stage （0.40 mg/g）. And the total content of β-amanitin was also highest in the mature stage （0.71 mg/g）， followed by the growth stage （0.60 mg/g） and lowest in the aged stage （0.14 mg/g）. The cap part was richer in α-amanitin and β-amanitin than the stipe part in the growth and mature stages， while the content of α-amanitin and β-amanitin in the aged stage was higher in the stipe than in the pileus.ConclusionIn Chuxiong Prefecture， Yunnan Province， the flesh-brown ring-stalk mushroom L. brunneoincarnata mainly contains Amatoxins， including α-AMA， β-AMA， Amanin， and Amaninamide， excluding phalloidin and virotoxin. The content of α-AMA and β-AMA varies in different growth periods and tissues， providing reference for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of poisoning by this type of mushroom.

With the rapid development of machine learning, artificial intelligence technology has been widely applied across various domains of life. However, concerns regarding the privacy risks associated with machine learning have increased. In response to these concerns, the Personal Information Protection Law of the People's Republic of China was promulgated to regulate the collection, use, and transmission of private information. Despite this, machine learning requires a large amount of data, necessitating the development of privacy protection technologies that allow for the collection and processing of data under legal and compliant conditions. Split learning, a privacy-preserving machine learning technique that enables the training of distributed models among multiple participants without sharing raw data, has emerged as a research focus. It has been recognized that split learning is vulnerable to data privacy attacks, and various attacks along with corresponding defenses have been proposed. However, existing surveys have not discussed and summarized research on data privacy during the training phase of split learning. The comprehensive overview of data privacy attack and defense techniques in the training phase of split learning was offered. Initially, the definition, principles, and classifications of split learning were summarized. Subsequently, two common attacks in split learning, namely the raw data reconstruction attack and the label leakage attack, were introduced. The causes of these attacks in the training phase of split learning were then analyzed, and corresponding defenses were presented. Finally, future research directions in the area of data privacy for split learning were discussed.

Abstract Primordial black holes (PBHs) are the plausible candidates for the cosmological dark matter. Theoretically, PBHs with masses $$M_{\textrm{PBH}}$$ M PBH in the range of $$4\times 10^{14}\sim 10^{17}\,\textrm{g}$$ 4 × 10 14 ∼ 10 17 g can emit sub-GeV electrons and positrons through Hawking radiation. Some of these particles could undergo diffusive reacceleration during propagation in the Milky Way, potentially reaching energies up to the GeV level observed by AMS-02. In this work, we utilize AMS-02 data to constrain the PBH abundance $$f_{\textrm{PBH}}$$ f PBH by employing the reacceleration mechanism. Under the assumption of a monochromatic PBH mass distribution, our findings reveal that the limit is stricter than that derived from Voyager 1 data. This difference is particularly pronounced when $$M_{\textrm{PBH}}\lesssim 10^{15}\,\textrm{g}$$ M PBH ≲ 10 15 g , exceeding an order of magnitude. The constraints are even more robust in a more realistic scenario involving a log-normal mass distribution of PBHs. Moreover, we explore the impact of varying propagation parameters and solar modulation potential within reasonable ranges, and find that such variations have minimal effects on the final results.

Abstract During the 2007-2008 global financial crisis, many countries enacted clean energy policies as a part of their economic stimulus packages. These policies are believed to have contributed to a significant reduction in the CO2 intensity of electricity. Here we conduct a retrospective overview and evaluation of energy policies’ effectiveness in reducing the CO2 intensity of electricity. We utilize governance capacity as a measure of policy implementation stringency, and the interaction between governance capacity and the number of categorized policies to adjust policy variables for governance effectiveness. We distinguish between the short- and long-term effects of these policies to investigate the impacts of policy instruments on CO2 mitigation. The results suggest that the increased policy efforts, when executed with effective governance, have led to long-term cumulative effects. Our findings provide insights into the spatiotemporal dynamics of energy policies in CO2 mitigation, serving as a reference for policymakers in the post-COVID-19 era.

Fei-Yi Zhao,1,2,&ast; Gerard A Kennedy,3– 5,&ast; Julia Gilbert,3,&ast; Russell Conduit,4,&ast; Peijie Xu,6 Li-Ping Yue,1 Wen-Jing Zhang,2 Yan-Mei Wang,2 Yuen-Shan Ho,7 Qiang-Qiang Fu,8 Zhen Zheng4 1Department of Nursing, School of International Medical Technology, Shanghai Sanda University, Shanghai, 201209, People’s Republic of China; 2Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200071, People’s Republic of China; 3Institute of Health and Wellbeing, Federation University, Mount Helen, VIC, 3353, Australia; 4School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, 3083, Australia; 5Institute for Breathing and Sleep, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC, 3084, Australia; 6School of Computing Technologies, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia; 7School of Nursing, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, People’s Republic of China; 8Yangpu Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200090, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Yuen-Shan Ho, School of Nursing, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, People’s Republic of China, Tel +852 2766-6410, Fax +852 2364-9663, Email janice.ys.ho@polyu.edu.hk Qiang-Qiang Fu, Yangpu Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200090, People’s Republic of China, Tel + 86 021-6569 0520, Fax + 86 021-6569 6249, Email qiangqiang.fu@tongji.edu.cnBackground: Growing demand exists for high-quality Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) care, particularly through Nurse-led TCM clinics (TCM-NLCs). Nurses with extensive experience in TCM departments represent a potential workforce for this healthcare model. This qualitative study aims to investigate the willingness of these candidates to engage in TCM-NLCs, with a specific focus on their main concerns and apprehensions when facing new challenges.Methods: Individual semi-structured face to face interviews were conducted with senior nurses from two TCM hospitals in Shanghai. Each participant had a minimum of three years of work experience in a TCM related department. Conventional qualitative content analysis was utilized.Results: Fourteen participants were interviewed and data saturation was achieved. Nurses exhibited strong interest in practicing in TCM-NLCs. They believed that such innovative TCM nursing service model not only extends nursing role, provides greater empowerment and opportunities for professional development but also meets patients’ diverse healthcare needs, reduces reliance on other healthcare providers such as doctors, and increases hospital revenue. However, challenges such as deficiencies in evidence-based TCM nursing education, the absence of standardized practice guidelines, and limited prescriptive privileges were identified as primary obstacles to engaging in TCM-NLCs practice, potentially undermining the specialization of this advanced nursing practice model.Conclusion: Although the nurses interviewed were highly motivated, they generally lacked confidence to practice independently in TCM-NLCs. A pressing priority is to address their concerns by providing appropriate resources as well as education and policy support to enhance their competency and ensure their practice autonomy, therefore building a more qualified pool of professionals for advanced TCM nursing practice.Keywords: nurse-led clinic, nurse career development, traditional Chinese medicine nursing, qualitative study, advanced nursing practice, specialist nurses

Abstract Architectural singularity belongs to the Type II singularity, in which a parallel manipulator (PM) gains one or more degrees of freedom and becomes uncontrollable. PMs remaining permanently in a singularity are beneficial for linear-to-rotary motion conversion. Griffis-Duffy (GD) platform is a mobile structure admitting a Bricard motion. In this paper, we present a coordinate-free approach to the design of generalized GD platforms, which consists in determining the shape and attachment of both the moving platform and the fixed base. The generalized GD platform is treated as a combination of six coaxial single-loop mechanisms under the same constraints. Owing to the inversion, hidden in the geometric structure of these single-loop mechanisms, the mapping from a line to a circle establishes the geometric transformation between the fixed base and the moving platform based on the center of inversion, and describes the shape and attachment of the generalized GD platform. Moreover, the center of inversion not only identifies the location of rotation axis, but also affects the shape of the platform mechanism. A graphical construction of generalized GD platforms using inversion, proposed in the paper, provides geometrically feasible solutions of the manipulator design for the requirement of the location of rotation axis.

Abstract Polymer flooding has proved an effective technique to improve development efficiency in heterogeneous reservoirs. Previously, operators usually employed continuous injection of large polymer slugs. However, problems existed including premature injection profile reversal during development, ineffective circulation of polymer solution in low-permeability zones, and excessive polymer consumption in the late development stage. The paper proposed a combination method, named as polymer-alternating-water (PAW), to solve the issues of traditional polymer flooding. The characteristic of this method is injecting water slugs between polymer slugs during the polymer flooding process. At present, research on the PAW technique is limited, with the operational parameters, oil recovery mechanisms, and applicability under various reservoir conditions remaining unclear. In this work, a numerical polymer flooding model is developed using the commercial CMG-STARS reservoir simulation module to investigate the oil displacement performance of PAW. Numerical simulations are performed to determine the optimal parameters for maximizing oil recovery factor. The results indicated compared with continuous polymer flooding, PAW shows multiple peaks in daily oil production rate, with a significantly decreased decline rate, resulting in a 1.47% increase in recovery factor. Under different reservoir conditions including mean permeability, heterogeneity, and crude oil viscosity, PAW can achieve further improvements on the basis of continuous polymer flooding. Polymer adsorption and injection concentration significantly impact the recovery factor, requiring further optimization for field applications. In this study, better polymer flooding performance was achieved when the number of alternating cycles of PAW was 2, and the injected alternating water slug volume was 50%. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of the key mechanisms and parameters in PAW enhanced oil recovery process, thereby providing guidance for the further optimization and field application of this technique.

A study on the load characteristics of the modified gear planetary gear systems is conducted to address the issue of uneven loads between planetary gears due to manufacturing and installation errors, which result in deviations between the radial and circumferential installation positions of planetary gears and non-offset values. Based on the theory of rotor dynamics, the time-varying stiffness and the radial and circumferential offsets of the planetary gears are considered, and the five-degree-of-freedom dynamic model of the planetary gear transmission system with addendum modification is established. The response and frequency spectrum of the system are solved by the Runge-Kutta method. The load distribution characteristics of the planet gears under different radial offsets, circumferential offsets, and comprehensive offsets are analyzed. The influence of the radial and circumferential offset of the planetary gear on the load distribution of the planetary gear transmission system is discussed, and the variation law of the load vibration amplitude of the planetary gear transmission system with addendum modification under the time and frequency is obtained. The simulation results show that the load characteristics of the planetary gear train considering the error are quite different from those in theory. Its vibration amplitude of the planetary gear transmission system is greatly affected by the radial offset, and the large radial offset has the greatest impact on the load of the planetary gear. Small deflections of the planetary gear during installation can lead to large changes in the load characteristics. The planetary gear transmission system load test platform is built, the frequency-doubling vibration response signal of the planetary reducer housing is tested, and the relation between the planetary gear transmission system load force and vibration response is obtained. The amplitude variation trend in the experimental results is similar to that in the simulation analysis, and the correctness of the established model and solution method is verified.

We investigated the effect and underlying mechanism of postharvest treatment with 0.5 mmol/L melatonin (MT) treatment 1 h on chilling injury (CI) and ripening of ‘Guifei’ mango fruits during 4 days of shelf life at 25 ℃ after refrigeration at 4 ℃ for 28 days. The results showed that MT treatment markedly decreased CI and enhanced soluble solids content (SSC), respiration rate and ethylene production, while accelerating the decline in hue value and firmness of chilled mango fruits. Compared with the control group, MT treatment promoted the increase in the contents of water-soluble pectin (WSP) and chelate-soluble pectin (CSP) and the activities of polygalacturonase, β-galactosidase and endo-1,4-β-D-glucanase and accelerated the decrease in pectin methylesterase activity, thereby leading to cell wall degradation and fruit softening. Compared with the control group, higher activities of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid synthase (ACS) and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid oxidase (ACO) and the expressions of their encoding genes (MiACS and MiACO) were observed in MT-treated fruits. Moreover, MT up-regulated the expression of MiETR1, MiERS1, MiERF1, MiEIN2, MiCBF1 and MiICE1 while down-regulating the expression of MiCTR1. These results indicated that MT treatment could promote the restoration of ripening and reduce CI in mango fruits during shelf life after storage at low temperature.

Abstract Background Erythroid and myeloid differentiation disorders are commonly occurred in leukemia. Given that the relationship between erythroid and myeloid lineages is still unclear. To find the co-regulators in erythroid and myeloid differentiation might help to find new target for therapy of myeloid leukemia. In hematopoiesis, ALA (alpha lipoic acid) is reported to inhibit neutrophil lineage determination by targeting transcription factor ELK1 in granulocyte-monocyte progenitors via splicing factor SF3B1. However, further exploration is needed to determine whether ELK1 is a common regulatory factor for erythroid and myeloid differentiation. Methods In vitro culture of isolated CD34+, CMPs (common myeloid progenitors) and CD34+ CD371– HSPCs (hematopoietic stem progenitor cells) were performed to assay the differentiation potential of monocytes, neutrophils, and erythrocytes. Overexpression lentivirus of long isoform (L-ELK1) or the short isoform (S-ELK1) of ELK1 transduced CD34+ HSPCs were transplanted into NSG mice to assay the human lymphocyte and myeloid differentiation differences 3 months after transplantation. Knocking down of SRSF11, which was high expressed in CD371+GMPs (granulocyte-monocyte progenitors), upregulated by ALA and binding to ELK1-RNA splicing site, was performed to analyze the function in erythroid differentiation derived from CD34+ CD123mid CD38+ CD371– HPCs (hematopoietic progenitor cells). RNA sequencing of L-ELK1 and S-ELK1 overexpressed CD34+ CD123mid CD38+ CD371– HPCs were performed to assay the signals changed by ELK1. Results Here, we presented new evidence that ALA promoted erythroid differentiation by targeting the transcription factor ELK1 in CD34+ CD371– hematopoietic stem progenitor cells (HSPCs). Overexpression of either the long isoform (L-ELK1) or the short isoform (S-ELK1) of ELK1 inhibited erythroid-cell differentiation, but knockdown of ELK1 did not affect erythroid-cell differentiation. RNAseq analysis of CD34+ CD123mid CD38+ CD371– HPCs showed that L-ELK1 upregulated the expression of genes related to neutrophil activity, phosphorylation, and hypoxia signals, while S-ELK1 mainly regulated hypoxia-related signals. However, most of the genes that were upregulated by L-ELK1 were only moderately upregulated by S-ELK1, which might be due to a lack of serum response factor interaction and regulation domains in S-ELK1 compared to L-ELK1. In summary, the differentiation of neutrophils and erythrocytes might need to rely on the dose of L-ELK1 and S-ELK1 to achieve precise regulation via RNA splicing signals at early lineage commitment. Conclusions ALA and ELK1 are found to regulate both human granulopoiesis and erythropoiesis via RNA spliceosome, and ALA-ELK1 signal might be the target of human leukemia therapy.

Abstract Patients with glycogen storage disease type Ib (GSD‐Ib) frequently have inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). however, the underlying etiology remains unclear. Herein, this study finds that digestive symptoms are commonly observed in patients with GSD‐Ib, presenting as single or multiple scattered deep round ulcers, inflammatory pseudo‐polyps, obstructions, and strictures, which differ substantially from those in typical IBD. Distinct microbiota profiling and single‐cell clustering of colonic mucosae in patients with GSD are conducted. Heterogeneous oral pathogenic enteric outgrowth induced by GSD is a potent inducer of gut microbiota immaturity and colonic macrophage accumulation. Specifically, a unique population of macrophages with high CCL4L2 expression is identified in response to pathogenic bacteria in the intestine. Hyper‐activation of the CCL4L2‐VSIR axis leads to increased expression of AGR2 and ZG16 in epithelial cells, which mediates the unique progression of IBD in GSD‐Ib. Collectively, the microbiota‐driven pathomechanism of IBD is demonstrated in GSD‐Ib and revealed the active role of the CCL4L2‐VSIR axis in the interaction between the microbiota and colonic mucosal immunity. Thus, targeting gut dysbiosis and/or the CCL4L2‐VISR axis may represent a potential therapy for GSD‐associated IBD.

Abstract Commencing with the breakdown of the diabetic osteoimmune microenvironment, multiple pathogenic factors, including hyperglycemia, inflammation, hypoxia, and deleterious cytokines, are conjointly involved in the progression of diabetic periodontal bone regeneration. Based on the challenge of periodontal bone regeneration treatment and the absence of real‐time feedback of blood oxygen fluctuation in diabetes mellitus, a novel self‐adaptive hyperthermia supramolecular cascade nano‐reactor ACFDG is constructed via one‐step supramolecular self‐assembly strategy to address multiple factors in diabetic periodontal bone regeneration. Hyperthermia supramolecular ACFDG possesses high photothermal conversion efficiency (32.1%), and it can effectively inhibit the vicious cycle of ROS‐inflammatory cascade through catalytic cascade reactions, up‐regulate the expression of heat shock proteins (HSPs) under near‐infrared (NIR) irradiation, which promotes periodontal bone regeneration. Remarkably, ACFDG can provide real‐time non‐invasive diagnosis of blood oxygen changes during periodontal bone regeneration through photoacoustic (PA) imaging, thus can timely monitor periodontal hypoxia status. In conclusion, this multifunctional supramolecular nano‐reactor combined with PA imaging for real‐time efficacy monitoring provides important insights into the biological mechanisms of diabetic periodontal bone regeneration and potential clinical theranostics.

BackgroundThe Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI) is a straightforward and objective tool for nutritional screening in older patients and has been demonstrated to possess prognostic predictive value in several diseases. Nonetheless, there is a lack of research on the nutritional risk associated with brain abscess in the older. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of nutritional risk among these patients by GNRI and to investigate its potential prognostic value for clinical outcomes.Materials and methodsFrom August 2019 to April 2023, 100 older patients diagnosed with brain abscess were enrolled in this single-center prospective cohort study, which evaluated the prognostic value of the Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI) in elderly brain abscess patients. Data collected included demographic, and clinical characteristics at admission and calculated the GNRI, and the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) score 6 months post-discharge. A GOS score of 5 was considered indicative of a good recovery, whereas scores ranging from 1 to 4 were classified as poor recovery.ResultsThe results revealed that 48% of older brain abscess patients were at risk of malnutrition according to the GNRI. These patients had significantly higher post-admission C-reactive protein (CRP) levels (p = 0.017), more comorbidities (p

Abstract Background Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are of great therapeutic value due to their role in maintaining the function of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs). MSCs derived from human pluripotent stem cells represent an ideal alternative because of their unlimited supply. However, the role of MSCs with neural crest origin derived from HPSCs on the maintenance of HSPCs has not been reported. Methods Flow cytometric analysis, RNA sequencing and differentiation ability were applied to detect the characteristics of stromal cells from 3D human brain organoids. Human umbilical cord blood CD34+ (UCB-CD34+) cells were cultured in different coculture conditions composed of stromal cells and umbilical cord MSCs (UC-MSCs) with or without a cytokine cocktail. The hematopoietic stroma capacity of stromal cells was tested in vitro with the LTC-IC assay and in vivo by cotransplantation of cord blood nucleated cells and stroma cells into immunodeficient mice. RNA and proteomic sequencing were used to detect the role of MSCs on HSPCs. Results The stromal cells, derived from both H1-hESCs and human induced pluripotent stem cells forebrain organoids, were capable of differentiating into the classical mesenchymal-derived cells (osteoblasts, chondrocytes, and adipocytes). These cells expressed MSC markers, thus named pluripotent stem cell-derived MSCs (pMSCs). The pMSCs showed neural crest origin with CD271 expression in the early stage. When human UCB-CD34+ HSPCs were cocultured on UC-MSCs or pMSCs, the latter resulted in robust expansion of UCB-CD34+ HSPCs in long-term culture and efficient maintenance of their transplantability. Comparison by RNA sequencing indicated that coculture of human UCB-CD34+ HSPCs with pMSCs provided an improved microenvironment for HSC maintenance. The pMSCs highly expressed the Wnt signaling inhibitors SFRP1 and SFRP2, indicating that they may help to modulate the cell cycle to promote the maintenance of UCB-CD34+ HSPCs by antagonizing Wnt activation. Conclusions A novel method for harvesting MSCs with neural crest origin from 3D human brain organoids under serum-free culture conditions was reported. We demonstrate that the pMSCs support human UCB-HSPC expansion in vitro in a long-term culture and the maintenance of their transplantable ability. RNA and proteomic sequencing indicated that pMSCs provided an improved microenvironment for HSC maintenance via mechanisms involving cell–cell contact and secreted factors and suppression of Wnt signaling. This represents a novel method for large-scale production of MSCs of neural crest origin and provides a potential approach for development of human hematopoietic stromal cell therapy for treatment of dyshematopoiesis.