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Jiaosu is a healthy food that has received increasing attention in recent years, while it mainly uses fruits as raw materials. In order to explore the feasibility of using Chinese medicinal plants to make Jiaosu, the study took Houttuynia cordata and Gynostemma pentaphyllum as examples to make Jiaosu products, and measured the main components and antioxidant capacity. The results showed that the color of the Jiaosu was dark yellow and the pH was acidic. Jiaosu products were rich in total protein, total sugar, vitamin E, and total0 phenols, of which total protein content was the highest. At the same time, Jiaosu products had strong antioxidant capacity. Enriching the form of healthy food is of great significance for maintaining human health in the post-epidemic era and the ageing era.

IntroductionHeavy metals negatively affect plant physiology. However, plants can reduce their toxicity through physiological responses. Broussonetia papyrifera is a suitable candidate tree for carrying out the phytoremediation of manganese (Mn)-contaminated soil.MethodsConsidering that Mn stress typically exerts a binary effect on plants, to reveal the dynamic characteristics of the physiological indexes of B. papyrifera to Mn stress, we conducted pot experiments with six different Mn concentrations (0, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, and 5 mmol/L) for 60 days. In addition to the chlorophyll content, malondialdehyde (MDA), proline (PRO), soluble sugar, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), the absorption and transfer characteristics of Mn, and root structure were also measured.ResultsPhytoremedial potential parameters such as the bioconcentration factor (BCF) and translocation factor (TF) displayed an increasing trend with the increase of Mn concentration. At lower Mn concentrations ( stem > root. The root structure analysis revealed that low-level concentrations of Mn (1 mmol/L) promoted root development. Mn concentration and stress duration had significant effects on all measured physiological indexes, and except soluble sugar, Mn concentration and stress time displayed a significant interaction on the physiological indexes.DiscussionOur study demonstrates that the physiological indexes of B. papyrifera display dynamic characteristics under Mn stress. Thus, during the monitoring process of Mn stress, it appears to be necessary to appropriately select sampling parts according to Mn concentration.

Woody plants are important source of edible oil, and Camellia hainanica and Camellia sinensis are two new option. The physicochemical properties and fatty acid composition were determined in both species. The oil content of C. hainanica was 37.60–41.60%, and that of C. sinensis was 31.04–33.20%. There were no significant differences in saponification value, refractive index or relative density (P > 0.05). The types of fatty acids were the same in both species, but the composition was significantly different (P

Flavonoids are important secondary metabolites involved in plant development and environmental responses. Sex differences in flavonoids are common in plants. Broussonetia papyrifera is a dioecious plant that is rich in flavonoids. However, few studies have been done on its molecular mechanism, especially sex differences. In the present study, we performed an integrated transcriptomics and metabolomics analysis of the sex differences in the accumulation of flavonoids in B. papyrifera leaves at different developmental stages. In general, flavonoids accumulated gradually with developmental time, and the content in female plants was higher than that in male plants. The composition of flavonoids in female and male plants was similar, and 16 kinds of flavonoids accumulated after flowering. Correspondingly, a significant enrichment of differentially expressed genes and metabolites was observed in the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway. WGCNA and qRT-PCR analyses identified several key genes regulating the accumulation of flavonoids, such as those encoding CHS, CHI and DFR. In addition, 8 TFs were found to regulate flavonoid biosynthesis by promoting the expression of multiple structural genes. These findings provide insight into flavonoid biosynthesis in B. papyrifera associated molecular regulation.

Broussonetia papyrifera is an important environmental restoration tree emerging in recent years, who has a good ability to resist heavy metal pollution such as Mn and Cd. In order to explore the content changes of different components of B. papyrifera’s fruits under Mn stress, the content characteristics of the chemical compounds and antioxidant capacity were determined in the study, comparing Mn mining area with control. The content of total sugar and total protein of B. papyrifera fruits in the Mn mining area is not significantly different from that in the control area, including fruits of different development stages (p > 0.05). However, the content of polyphenols, flavonoids, anthocyanins, K, Ca, Mg and Mn are significantly different (p

Soil heavy metal pollution is a common problem in mining areas. The soil of the Xikuangshan located in Lengshuijiang, Hunan Province, China contains various excessive heavy metals, especially antimony and cadmium. Previous studies have shown that heavy metal-tolerant microorganisms screened from mining areas have the potential to adsorb heavy metals. In this study, we screened out a cadmium and antimony tolerant fungus named XK8 from the slags collected from the Xikuangshan. Then, we explored the single and binary biosorption characteristics of Cd(II) and Sb(III) on it. In our results, the fungus XK8 was identified as Curvularia coatesiae XK8 by ITS sequencing analysis. Under the optimal conditions, in binary biosorption of the XK8, the main effect of the initial cadmium concentration on the cadmium removal rate of XK8 is negative, while the main effect of the initial antimony concentration, biosorption time, and initial pH on the cadmium removal rate of XK8 is positive. The initial pH has the greatest impact on the biosorption of cadmium on XK8, followed by the biosorption time; moreover, the effects of both are stronger than the coexisting ions. SAS analysis shows that under the optimal conditions, the theoretical maximum cadmium removal rate of XK8 is 100%, and the actual removal rate is 67.57%. Compared to the single biosorption with binary biosorption, the maximum biosorption capacity of XK8 for cadmium in the composite biosorption system increased to 23.6 mg g–1. It shows that under the background of high antimony, Sb(III) has a promoting effect on the biosorption of Cd(II) on XK8. In summary, a cadmium and antimony tolerant fungus with strong cadmium biosorption ability under the background of high antimony was screened out. It provides a potential microbial material for the bioremediation of heavy metal pollution.

Aim: Continental comparisons of migration strategies within and between populations of single species are rare but can be insightful to understand key environmental factors shaping differences in migration systems. We investigated differences in stopover networks and migration strategies between three separate Eurasia Greater White‐fronted Geese (GWFG) Anser albifrons populations to better understand how each overcomes the different topographic challenges faced along their migration routes during spring and autumn. Location: Eurasia. Taxon: Birds. Methods: Using 106 (autumn) and 65 (spring) tracks from tagged GWFG from three Eurasian populations (Baltic‐North Sea [BNS] in the west; East Asia Continental [EAC] and West Pacific [WP] in the east), we generated stopover networks, calculated network metrics, quantified migration parameters and compared variation between populations and seasons. Results: BNS showed largest network size, shortest average geodesic distance in both seasons, shortest migration distances, most stopover sites, longest stopover duration and shortest step length. EAC showed longest migration distance and second maximal flight length (>1600 km). WP showed shortest migration durations and longest maximal flight length (>2500 km). Summering ground arrival dates did not differ between populations. Autumn migration duration was shorter and migration speed faster than in spring in all populations. Main Conclusions: We infer lack of obvious ecological barriers to BNS geese shapes their frequent stopovers of short duration. In contrast, EAC geese face two major ecological barriers (3100 km boreal forest, high mountains, dense human settlement and ocean) and WP geese must pass c. 2400 km of forest, mountains and ocean along their migration corridors, necessitating longer staging and migration segments of greater duration. We conclude that, despite almost identical body plan, all populations respond to radically different topographic challenges, adapting to meet these using different movement strategies, balancing migration schedule and fat accumulation patterns with availability and quality of stopovers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]