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Introduction: Pain is highly prevalent in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS); it is chronic in 50% of cases and is classified as nociceptive, neuropathic, or mixed-type. Pain affects quality of life, sleep, and the activities of daily living. Electrotherapy is an interesting alternative or complementary treatment in the management of pain in MS, with new innovations constantly appearing.Material and methods: This study evaluates the effectiveness of treatment with monopolar dielectric transmission of pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMF) for pain associated with MS. We performed a randomised, placebo-controlled clinical trial including 24 patients, who were assessed with the Brief Pain Inventory, the Multiple Sclerosis International Quality of Life questionnaire, the Beck Depression Inventory, and the Modified Fatigue Impact Scale.Results: Statistically significant improvements were observed in maximum and mean pain scores, as well as in the impact of pain on work, personal relationships, and sleep and rest. Not significant differences were found between the treatment and placebo groups.Conclusions: Treatment with PEMF may be effective in reducing pain in patients with MS, although further research is necessary to confirm its effectiveness over placebo and to differentiate which type of pain may be more susceptible to this treatment. (C) 2018 Sociedad Espanola de Neurologia. Published by Elsevier Espana, S.L.U.

Three-dimensional (3D) engineered cardiovascular tissues have shown great promise to replace damaged structures. Specifically, tissue engineering vascular grafts (TEVG) have the potential to replace biological and synthetic grafts. We aimed to design an in-vitro patient-specific patch based on a hybrid 3D print combined with vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) differentiation. Based on the medical images of a 2 months-old girl with aortic arch hypoplasia and using computational modelling, we evaluated the most hemodynamically efficient aortic patch surgical repair. Using the designed 3D patch geometry, the scaffold was printed using a hybrid fused deposition modelling (FDM) and electrospinning techniques. The scaffold was seeded with multipotent mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) for later maturation to derived VSMC (dVSMC). The graft showed adequate resistance to physiological aortic pressure (burst pressure 101 ?± ?15 ?mmHg) and a porosity gradient ranging from 80 to 10 ?µm allowing cells to infiltrate through the entire thickness of the patch. The bio-scaffolds showed good cell viability at days 4 and 12 and adequate functional vasoactive response to endothelin-1. In summary, we have shown that our method of generating patient-specific patch shows adequate hemodynamic profile, mechanical properties, dVSMC infiltration, viability and functionality. This innovative 3D biotechnology has the potential for broad application in regenerative medicine and potentially in heart disease prevention.

Communities of inquiry are a strategy that allows the generation of social and personal skills where they are strength in community interaction from the various contexts in which women play an important role. In this way, their role, and the social contributionthey provide to society, and to their most intimate environments. It has to be developed as a process in which their rights, their empowerment and recognition of the importance they play in society, are subjected to a critical contrast between the societies, in which they have immersed themselves, understanding the dynamics that are validated today. In addition, the way in which its development becomes an aspect that rescues the values, resources and purposes necessary for true collective growth. Las comunidades de indagación son una estrategia que permite la generación de habilidades sociales y personales que se fortalecen en la interacción comunitaria desde los diversos contextos en los que la mujer juega un papel importante. De este modo, su rol y el aporte social que brindan a la sociedad y a sus entornos más íntimos, se ha de desarrollar como un proceso en que sus derechos, su empoderamiento y el reconocimiento de la importancia que juega en la sociedad, se sometan a un contraste crítico entre la sociedad en que se hallan inmersas y sus propias comunidades, entendiendo las dinámicas que se validan en la actualidad y el modo en que su desarrollo se hace un aspecto que rescata los valores, recursos y propósitos necesarios para un verdadero crecimiento colectivo.

Proper peer review and quality of published articles are often regarded as signs of reliable scientific journals. The aim of this study was to compare whether the quality of statistical reporting and data presentation differs among articles published in ‘predatory dental journals’ and in other dental journals. We evaluated 50 articles published in ‘predatory open access (OA) journals’ and 100 clinical trials published in legitimate dental journals between 2019 and 2020. The quality of statistical reporting and data presentation of each paper was assessed on a scale from 0 (poor) to 10 (high). The mean (SD) quality score of the statistical reporting and data presentation was 2.5 (1.4) for the predatory OA journals, 4.8 (1.8) for the legitimate OA journals, and 5.6 (1.8) for the more visible dental journals. The mean values differed significantly (p < 0.001). The quality of statistical reporting of clinical studies published in predatory journals was found to be lower than in open access and highly cited journals. This difference in quality is a wake-up call to consume study results critically. Poor statistical reporting indicates wider general lower quality in publications where the authors and journals are less likely to be critiqued by peer review.

RESUMEN El bruxismo se define como una actividad repetitiva de los músculos masticatorios caracterizada por el apriete o rechinamiento dentario, y/o la tensión o desplazamiento de la mandíbula. 1 Éste tiene dos manifestaciones circadianas: Puede ocurrir durante el sueño (BS) o durante vigilia. 2 En niños, el método clínico más confiable para diagnosticarlo sigue siendo el basado en el reporte de rechinamiento por parte de sus padres o cuidadores; sin embargo, la mayoría de los niños duermen lejos de los padres. 3 Existe una dificultad diagnóstica para poder establecer la pérdida de estructura dentaria por bruxismo en niños, ya que se debe diferenciar del desgaste fisiológico que se produce en los dientes temporales. Hay una serie de trastornos de sueño, catalogados por la Clasificación Internacional de Trastornos del Sueño 4 que se han asociado al BS. 5 , 6 , 7 El objetivo de este estudio fue establecer si existe asociación entre BS y determinados trastornos de sueño en preescolares. Se evaluaron 100 niños de la Clínica Odontológica de la Universidad Mayor de Santiago, Chile, de edades entre 3 y 6 años, mediante evaluación clínica y anamnesis consultada a padres o tutores para determinar la presencia de BS, además de encuesta “Escala de Alteraciones del Sueño en la Infancia, para preescolares”. El estudio mostró una prevalencia de BS de un 47%, sin diferencia entre hombres y mujeres y una asociación de algunos de los trastornos del sueño con BS (Parasomnias, Problemas Respiratorios, Hiperhidrosis y Sueño no reparador). Como conclusión sí existe asociación entre trastornos de sueño y BS. ABSTRACT Bruxism is defined as a repetitive activity of the chewing muscles characterized by grinding and clenching the teeth, and / or tension or displacement of the jaw 20 . This one has two circadian manifestations: It can occur during sleep (BS) or during wakefulness 12 . In children, the most reliable clinical method to diagnose is still based on the report of grinding by their parents or caregivers; however, most children sleep away from parents 10 . There is a diagnostic difficulty in establishing the loss of tooth structure due to bruxism in children, since it must be differentiated from the physiological wear that occurs in the temporary teeth. There are some sleep disorders, cataloged by the International Classification of Sleep Disorders 41 that have been associated with BS 6 , 17 ,31. The objective of this study was to establish whether there is an association between BS and sleep disorders in preschoolers. 100 children in the Odontological Clinic of the Universidad Mayor of Santiago, Chile, between 3 and 6 years old were evaluated, through clinical evaluation and anamnesis consulted to parents or guardians to determine the presence of BS, in addition to the survey “Scale of Sleep Disorder in Childhood, for preschoolers. “ The study showed a prevalence of BS of 47%, with no difference between boys and girls, and an association of some of the sleep disorders with BS (Parasomnias, Respiratory Problems, Hyperhidrosis and Not Restful Sleep). As a conclusion, there is an association between sleep disorders and BS.

The Future Circular Collider (FCC) at CERN, a proposed100km circular facility with several collidersin succession, culminates in a100TeV proton–proton collider. It offers a vast new domain of explorationin particle physics, with orders-of-magnitude advances in terms of precision, sensitivity, and energy.The implementation plan published in 2018 foresees, as a first step, an electroweak factory electron–positron collider. This high-luminosity facility, operating at centre-of-mass energies between 90 and365GeV, will study the heavy particles of the Standard Model (SM), Z, W, and Higgs bosons, andtop quarks with unprecedented accuracy. The physics programme offers great discovery potential:(i) through precision measurements, (ii) through sensitive searches for symmetry violations, forbidden,or extremely rare decays, and (iii) through the search for direct observation of new particles withextremely small couplings. The electroweak factorye+e−collider constitutes a real challenge to thetheory and to precision calculations, triggering the need for the development of new mathematicalmethods and software tools. A first workshop in 2018 focused on the first FCC-ee stage, the Tera-Z, andconfronted the theoretical status of precision Standard Model calculations on the Z boson resonanceto the experimental demands.The second workshop, in January 2019, extended the scope to the next stages, with the pro-duction of W bosons (FCC-ee-W), the Higgs boson (FCC-ee-H), and top quarks (FCC-ee-tt). In par-ticular, the theoretical precision in the determination of the crucial input parameters,αQED,αQCD,MW, andmt, at the level of FCC-ee requirements was thoroughly discussed. The requirements onStandard Model theory calculations were spelt out, so as to meet the demanding accuracy of theFCC-ee experimental potential. The discussion of innovative methods and tools for multiloop calcu-lations was deepened. Furthermore, phenomenological analyses beyond the Standard Model were dis-cussed, including effective theory approaches. The reports of 2018 and 2019 serve as white papers ofthe workshop results and subsequent developments. The FCC at CERN, a proposed 100-km circular facility with several colliders in succession, culminates with a 100 TeV proton-proton collider. It offers a vast new domain of exploration in particle physics, with orders of magnitude advances in terms of Precision, Sensitivity and Energy. The implementation plan foresees, as a first step, an Electroweak Factory electron-positron collider. This high luminosity facility, operating between 90 and 365 GeV centre-of-mass energy, will study the heavy particles of the Standard Model, Z, W, Higgs, and top with unprecedented accuracy. The Electroweak Factory $e^+e^-$ collider constitutes a real challenge to the theory and to precision calculations, triggering the need for the development of new mathematical methods and software tools. A first workshop in 2018 had focused on the first FCC-ee stage, the Tera-Z, and confronted the theoretical status of precision Standard Model calculations on the Z-boson resonance to the experimental demands. The second workshop in January 2019, which is reported here, extended the scope to the next stages, with the production of W-bosons (FCC-ee-W), the Higgs boson (FCC-ee-H) and top quarks (FCC-ee-tt). In particular, the theoretical precision in the determination of the crucial input parameters, alpha_QED, alpha_QCD, M_W, m_t at the level of FCC-ee requirements is thoroughly discussed. The requirements on Standard Model theory calculations were spelled out, so as to meet the demanding accuracy of the FCC-ee experimental potential. The discussion of innovative methods and tools for multi-loop calculations was deepened. Furthermore, phenomenological analyses beyond the Standard Model were discussed, in particular the effective theory approaches. The reports of 2018 and 2019 serve as white papers of the workshop results and subsequent developments.

Computations in perturbative quantum field theory (pQFT) feature several aspects that, although intrinsically non-physical, are traditionally successfully eluded by modifying the dimen- sions of space–time. Closed loops in pQFT implicitly extrapolate the validity of the Standard Model (SM) to infinite energies—equivalent to zero distance—much above the Planck scale. We should expect this to be a legitimate procedure if the loop scattering amplitudes that contribute to the physical observables are either suppressed at very high energies, or if there is a way to suppress or renormalise their contribution in this limit. In gauge theories like QCD, massless particles can be emitted with zero energy, and pQFT treats the quantum state with N external partons as different from the quantum state with emission of extra massless particles at zero energy, while these two states are physically identical. In addition, partons can be emitted in exactly the same direction, or, in other words, at zero distance. All these unphysical features have a price and lead to the emergence of infinities in the four dimensions of space–time., CERN Yellow Reports: Monographs, Vol. 3 (2020): Theory for the FCC-ee: Report on the 11th FCC-ee Workshop, Theory and Experiments, CERN, Geneva, 8–11 January 2019