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2. Research priorities for global food security under extreme events

Author

Mehrabi, Zia, Delzeit, Ruth, Ignaciuk, Adriana, Levers, Christian, Braich, Ginni, Bajaj, Kushank, Amo-Aidoo, Araba, Anderson, Weston, Balgah, Roland A, Benton, Tim G, Chari, Martin M, Ellis, Erle C, Gahi, Narcisse Z, Gaupp, Franziska, Garibaldi, Lucas A, Gerber, James S, Godde, Cecile M, Grass, Ingo, Heimann, Tobias, Hirons, Mark, Hoogenboom, Gerrit, Jain, Meha, James, Dana, Makowski, David, Masamha, Blessing, Meng, Sisi, Monprapussorn, Sathaporn, Müller, Daniel, Nelson, Andrew, Newlands, Nathaniel K, Noack, Frederik, Oronje, MaryLucy, Raymond, Colin, Reichstein, Markus, Rieseberg, Loren H, Rodriguez-Llanes, Jose M, Rosenstock, Todd, Rowhani, Pedram, Sarhadi, Ali, Seppelt, Ralf, Sidhu, Balsher S, Snapp, Sieglinde, Soma, Tammara, Sparks, Adam H, Teh, Louise, Tigchelaar, Michelle, Vogel, Martha M, West, Paul C, Wittman, Hannah, and You, Liangzhi

Subjects
Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Zero Hunger, Earth sciences, Environmental sciences
Abstract

Extreme events, such as those caused by climate change, economic or geopolitical shocks, and pest or disease epidemics, threaten global food security. The complexity of causation, as well as the myriad ways that an event, or a sequence of events, creates cascading and systemic impacts, poses significant challenges to food systems research and policy alike. To identify priority food security risks and research opportunities, we asked experts from a range of fields and geographies to describe key threats to global food security over the next two decades and to suggest key research questions and gaps on this topic. Here, we present a prioritization of threats to global food security from extreme events, as well as emerging research questions that highlight the conceptual and practical challenges that exist in designing, adopting, and governing resilient food systems. We hope that these findings help in directing research funding and resources toward food system transformations needed to help society tackle major food system risks and food insecurity under extreme events.

Published
2022

5. Ocean Finance: Financing the Transition to a Sustainable Ocean Economy

Author

Sumaila, U. Rashid, Walsh, Melissa, Hoareau, Kelly, Cox, Anthony, Abdallah, Patrízia, Akpalu, Wisdom, Anna, Zuzy, Benzaken, Dominique, Crona, Beatrice, Fitzgerald, Timothy, Heaps, Louise, Karousakis, Katia, Lange, Glenn-Marie, Leland, Amanda, Miller, Dana, Sack, Karen, Shahnaz, Durreen, Teh, Louise, Thiele, Torsten, Vestergaard, Niels, Yagi, Nobuyuki, Zhang, Junjie, Lubchenco, Jane, editor, and Haugan, Peter M., editor

Published
2023
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6. Coastal Development: Resilience, Restoration and Infrastructure Requirements

Author

Steven, Andy, Addo, Kwasi Appeaning, Llewellyn, Ghislaine, Ca, Vu Thanh, Boateng, Isaac, Bustamante, Rodrigo, Doropoulos, Christopher, Gillies, Chris, Hemer, Mark, Lopes, Priscila, Kairo, James, Rahman, Munsur, Ravaoarinorotsihoarana, Lalao Aigrette, Saunders, Megan, Sumaila, U. Rashid, Sidik, Frida, Teh, Louise, Vanderklift, Mat, Vozzo, Maria, Lubchenco, Jane, editor, and Haugan, Peter M., editor

Published
2023
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9. Author Correction: Financing a sustainable ocean economy

Author

Sumaila, U. Rashid, Walsh, Melissa, Hoareau, Kelly, Cox, Anthony, Teh, Louise, Abdallah, Patrízia, Akpalu, Wisdom, Anna, Zuzy, Benzaken, Dominique, Crona, Beatrice, Fitzgerald, Timothy, Heaps, Louise, Issifu, Ibrahim, Karousakis, Katia, Lange, Glenn Marie, Leland, Amanda, Miller, Dana, Sack, Karen, Shahnaz, Durreen, Thiele, Torsten, Vestergaard, Niels, Yagi, Nobuyuki, and Zhang, Junjie

Published
2022
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10. Financing a sustainable ocean economy

Author

Sumaila, U. Rashid, Walsh, Melissa, Hoareau, Kelly, Cox, Anthony, Teh, Louise, Abdallah, Patrízia, Akpalu, Wisdom, Anna, Zuzy, Benzaken, Dominique, Crona, Beatrice, Fitzgerald, Timothy, Heaps, Louise, Issifu, Ibrahim, Karousakis, Katia, Lange, Glenn Marie, Leland, Amanda, Miller, Dana, Sack, Karen, Shahnaz, Durreen, Thiele, Torsten, Vestergaard, Niels, Yagi, Nobuyuki, and Zhang, Junjie

Published
2021
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18. Global Fisheries : Livelihood Impact of Overfishing : Technical Report : November 30 2022

Author

Teh, Louise, Teh, Lydia C. L., and Sumaila, Ussif Rashid

Abstract

This technical report estimates the catch loss arising from overfished fish stocks and the socio-economic impacts associated with this catch loss. In this analysis, catch loss is defined as the difference between the maximum sustainable yield of a fish stock and its catch in the most recent year. We focus on 482 fish stocks identified as ‘overfished’ in the Global Fishing Index, a global assessment of the sustainability of over 1,400 fish stocks conducted by the Minderoo Foundation. For these overfished stocks, we estimate (1) the potential catch loss (in tonnes) from overfished fish stocks; (2) the landed value (in USD) of catch loss; and (3) the number of jobs associated with marine fisheries catch loss worldwide. Our results indicate that the annual estimated catch loss for 482 overfished fish stocks amounted to 15 million tonnes worldwide. This catch loss results in huge societal cost, translating to around US$39 billion in potential lost landed value annually, and an estimated 668,479 associated full time equivalent jobs. If all the overfished fish stocks were fished at MSY, all regions worldwide could potentially gain fishing jobs, with highest potential gains in Latin America and the Caribbean (24% above current jobs). Thus, our analysis emphasises the urgent need to immediately rebuild overfished fish stocks in order to recoup the current economic and social benefits that are forgone with catch loss.

Published
2023
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20. Protect global values of the Southern Ocean ecosystem

Author

Brooks, Cassandra M., primary, Ainley, David G., additional, Jacquet, Jennifer, additional, Chown, Steven L., additional, Pertierra, Luis R., additional, Francis, Elizabeth, additional, Rogers, Alex, additional, Chavez-Molina, Vasco, additional, Teh, Louise, additional, and Sumaila, U. Rashid, additional

Published
2022
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21. Towards an integrated database on Canadian ocean resources: benefits, current states, and research gaps

Author

Cisneros-Montemayor, Andres Miguel, Cheung, William Wai Lung, Bodtker, Karin, Teh, Louise, Steiner, Nadja, Bailey, Megan, Hoover, Carie, and Sumaila, Ussif Rashid

Subjects
Ecological research -- Information management, Databases -- Management, Company business management, Company systems management, CD-ROM catalog, Database, CD-ROM database, Earth sciences
Abstract

Oceanic ecosystem services support a range of human benefits, and Canada has extensive research networks producing growing data sets. We present a first effort to compile, link, and harmonize available information to provide new perspectives on the status of Canadian ocean ecosystems and corresponding research. The metadata database currently includes 1094 individual assessments and data sets from government (n = 716), nongovernment (n = 320), and academic sources (n = 58), comprising research on marine species, natural drivers and resources, human activities, ecosystem services, and governance, with data sets spanning 1979-2012 on average. Overall, research shows a strong prevalence towards single-species fishery studies, with an underrepresentation of economic and social aspects, and of the Arctic region in general. Nevertheless, the number of studies that are multispecies or ecosystem-based have increased since the 1960s. We present and discuss two illustrative case studies--marine protected area establishment in Canada and herring resource use by the Heiltsuk First Nation--highlighting the potential use of multidisciplinary data sets drawn from metadata records. Identifying knowledge gaps is key to achieving the comprehensive, accessible and interdisciplinary data sets and subsequent analyses necessary for new sustainability policies that meet both ecological and socioeconomic needs. Les services des ecosystemes oceaniques supportent un eventail d'avantages pour les humains, et le Canada dispose de vastes reseaux de recherche qui produisent des ensembles de donnees croissants. Nous presentons les premiers efforts visant a compiler, relier et harmoniser l'information disponible afin d'offrir de nouvelles perspectives sur l'etat des ecosystemes oceaniques canadiens et la recherche s'y rapportant. La base de metadonnees comprend actuellement 1094 evaluations et ensembles de donnees distincts provenant de sources gouvernementales (n = 716), non gouvernementales (n = 320) et universitaires (n = 58), qui comprennent des travaux sur des especes marines, des facteurs et ressources naturels, des activites humaines, les services d'ecosystemes et la gouvernance, les ensembles de donnees couvrant, en moyenne, la periode de 1979 a 2012. Dans l'ensemble, la recherche montre une forte prevalence d'etudes sur les peches visant une seule espece et une sous-representation des aspects economiques et sociaux et de la region arctique en general. Cela dit, le nombre d'etudes portant sur des especes multiples ou sur des ecosystemes a augmente depuis les annees 1960. Nous presentons deux etudes de cas a des fins d'illustration et de discussion, sur l'etablissement d'aires marines protegees au Canada et sur les ressources de harengs utilisees par la Premiere Nation Heiltsuk, qui font ressortir l'utilite potentielle d'ensembles de donnees multidisciplinaires extraits de registres de metadonnees. La determination des lacunes en matiere de connaissances est d'importance cle pour la production d'ensembles de donnees exhaustifs, accessibles et interdisciplinaires et pour les analyses subsequentes necessaires a l'elaboration de nouvelles politiques de gestion durable pour repondre a des besoins tant ecologiques que socioeconomiques. [Traduit par la Redaction], Introduction Availability, integration, and access to information on ocean resources and research have been identified as key challenges for Canadian ocean management (Expert Panel on Canadian Ocean Science 2013). Such [...]

Published
2017
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24. A mid-term analysis of progress toward international biodiversity targets

Author

Tittensor, Derek P., Walpole, Matt, Hill, Samantha L. L., Boyce, Daniel G., Britten, Gregory L., Burgess, Neil D., Butchart, Stuart H. M., Leadley, Paul W., Regan, Eugenie C., Alkemade, Rob, Baumung, Roswitha, Bellard, Céline, Bouwman, Lex, Bowles-Newark, Nadine J., Chenery, Anna M., Cheung, William W. L., Christensen, Villy, Cooper, H. David, Crowther, Annabel R., Dixon, Matthew J. R., Galli, Alessandro, Gaveau, Valérie, Gregory, Richard D., Gutierrez, Nicolas L., Hirsch, Tim L., Höft, Robert, Januchowski-Hartley, Stephanie R., Karmann, Marion, Krug, Cornelia B., Leverington, Fiona J., Loh, Jonathan, Lojenga, Rik Kutsch, Malsch, Kelly, Marques, Alexandra, Morgan, David H.W., Mumby, Peter J., Newbold, Tim, Noonan-Mooney, Kieran, Pagad, Shyama N., Parks, Bradley C., Pereira, Henrique M., Robertson, Tim, Rondinini, Carlo, Santini, Luca, Scharlemann, Jörn P. W., Schindler, Stefan, Sumaila, U. Rashid, Teh, Louise S.L., van Kolck, Jennifer, Visconti, Piero, and Ye, Yimin

Published
2014

31. WTO must ban harmful fisheries subsidies

Author

Sumaila, U. Rashid, primary, Skerritt, Daniel J., additional, Schuhbauer, Anna, additional, Villasante, Sebastian, additional, Cisneros-Montemayor, Andrés M., additional, Sinan, Hussain, additional, Burnside, Duncan, additional, Abdallah, Patrízia Raggi, additional, Abe, Keita, additional, Addo, Kwasi A., additional, Adelsheim, Julia, additional, Adewumi, Ibukun J., additional, Adeyemo, Olanike K., additional, Adger, Neil, additional, Adotey, Joshua, additional, Advani, Sahir, additional, Afrin, Zahidah, additional, Aheto, Denis, additional, Akintola, Shehu L., additional, Akpalu, Wisdom, additional, Alam, Lubna, additional, Alava, Juan José, additional, Allison, Edward H., additional, Amon, Diva J., additional, Anderies, John M., additional, Anderson, Christopher M., additional, Andrews, Evan, additional, Angelini, Ronaldo, additional, Anna, Zuzy, additional, Antweiler, Werner, additional, Arizi, Evans K., additional, Armitage, Derek, additional, Arthur, Robert I., additional, Asare, Noble, additional, Asche, Frank, additional, Asiedu, Berchie, additional, Asuquo, Francis, additional, Badmus, Lanre, additional, Bailey, Megan, additional, Ban, Natalie, additional, Barbier, Edward B., additional, Barley, Shanta, additional, Barnes, Colin, additional, Barrett, Scott, additional, Basurto, Xavier, additional, Belhabib, Dyhia, additional, Bennett, Elena, additional, Bennett, Nathan J., additional, Benzaken, Dominique, additional, Blasiak, Robert, additional, Bohorquez, John J., additional, Bordehore, Cesar, additional, Bornarel, Virginie, additional, Boyd, David R., additional, Breitburg, Denise, additional, Brooks, Cassandra, additional, Brotz, Lucas, additional, Campbell, Donovan, additional, Cannon, Sara, additional, Cao, Ling, additional, Cardenas Campo, Juan C., additional, Carpenter, Steve, additional, Carpenter, Griffin, additional, Carson, Richard T., additional, Carvalho, Adriana R., additional, Castrejón, Mauricio, additional, Caveen, Alex J., additional, Chabi, M. Nicole, additional, Chan, Kai M. A., additional, Chapin, F. Stuart, additional, Charles, Tony, additional, Cheung, William, additional, Christensen, Villy, additional, Chuku, Ernest O., additional, Church, Trevor, additional, Clark, Colin, additional, Clarke, Tayler M., additional, Cojocaru, Andreea L., additional, Copeland, Brian, additional, Crawford, Brian, additional, Crépin, Anne-Sophie, additional, Crowder, Larry B., additional, Cury, Philippe, additional, Cutting, Allison N., additional, Daily, Gretchen C., additional, Da-Rocha, Jose Maria, additional, Das, Abhipsita, additional, de la Puente, Santiago, additional, de Zeeuw, Aart, additional, Deikumah, Savior K. S., additional, Deith, Mairin, additional, Dewitte, Boris, additional, Doubleday, Nancy, additional, Duarte, Carlos M., additional, Dulvy, Nicholas K., additional, Eddy, Tyler, additional, Efford, Meaghan, additional, Ehrlich, Paul R., additional, Elsler, Laura G., additional, Fakoya, Kafayat A., additional, Falaye, A. Eyiwunmi, additional, Fanzo, Jessica, additional, Fitzsimmons, Clare, additional, Flaaten, Ola, additional, Florko, Katie R. N., additional, Aviles, Marta Flotats, additional, Folke, Carl, additional, Forrest, Andrew, additional, Freeman, Peter, additional, Freire, Kátia M. F., additional, Froese, Rainer, additional, Frölicher, Thomas L., additional, Gallagher, Austin, additional, Garcon, Veronique, additional, Gasalla, Maria A., additional, Gephart, Jessica A., additional, Gibbons, Mark, additional, Gillespie, Kyle, additional, Giron-Nava, Alfredo, additional, Gjerde, Kristina, additional, Glaser, Sarah, additional, Golden, Christopher, additional, Gordon, Line, additional, Govan, Hugh, additional, Gryba, Rowenna, additional, Halpern, Benjamin S., additional, Hanich, Quentin, additional, Hara, Mafaniso, additional, Harley, Christopher D. G., additional, Harper, Sarah, additional, Harte, Michael, additional, Helm, Rebecca, additional, Hendrix, Cullen, additional, Hicks, Christina C., additional, Hood, Lincoln, additional, Hoover, Carie, additional, Hopewell, Kristen, additional, Horta e Costa, Bárbara B., additional, Houghton, Jonathan D. R., additional, Iitembu, Johannes. A., additional, Isaacs, Moenieba, additional, Isahaku, Sadique, additional, Ishimura, Gakushi, additional, Islam, Monirul, additional, Issifu, Ibrahim, additional, Jackson, Jeremy, additional, Jacquet, Jennifer, additional, Jensen, Olaf P., additional, Ramon, Jorge Jimenez, additional, Jin, Xue, additional, Jonah, Alberta, additional, Jouffray, Jean-Baptiste, additional, Juniper, S. Kim, additional, Jusoh, Sufian, additional, Kadagi, Isigi, additional, Kaeriyama, Masahide, additional, Kaiser, Michel J., additional, Kaiser, Brooks Alexandra, additional, Kakujaha-Matundu, Omu, additional, Karuaihe, Selma T., additional, Karumba, Mary, additional, Kemmerly, Jennifer D., additional, Khan, Ahmed S., additional, Kimani, Patrick, additional, Kleisner, Kristin, additional, Knowlton, Nancy, additional, Kotowicz, Dawn, additional, Kurien, John, additional, Kwong, Lian E., additional, Lade, Steven, additional, Laffoley, Dan, additional, Lam, Mimi E., additional, Lam, Vicky W. L., additional, Lange, Glenn-Marie, additional, Latif, Mohd T., additional, Le Billon, Philippe, additional, Le Brenne, Valérie, additional, Le Manach, Frédéric, additional, Levin, Simon A., additional, Levin, Lisa, additional, Limburg, Karin E., additional, List, John, additional, Lombard, Amanda T., additional, Lopes, Priscila F. M., additional, Lotze, Heike K., additional, Mallory, Tabitha G., additional, Mangar, Roshni S., additional, Marszalec, Daniel, additional, Mattah, Precious, additional, Mayorga, Juan, additional, McAusland, Carol, additional, McCauley, Douglas J., additional, McLean, Jeffrey, additional, McMullen, Karly, additional, Meere, Frank, additional, Mejaes, Annie, additional, Melnychuk, Michael, additional, Mendo, Jaime, additional, Micheli, Fiorenza, additional, Millage, Katherine, additional, Miller, Dana, additional, Mohamed, Kolliyil Sunil, additional, Mohammed, Essam, additional, Mokhtar, Mazlin, additional, Morgan, Lance, additional, Muawanah, Umi, additional, Munro, Gordon R., additional, Murray, Grant, additional, Mustafa, Saleem, additional, Nayak, Prateep, additional, Newell, Dianne, additional, Nguyen, Tu, additional, Noack, Frederik, additional, Nor, Adibi M., additional, Nunoo, Francis K. E., additional, Obura, David, additional, Okey, Tom, additional, Okyere, Isaac, additional, Onyango, Paul, additional, Oostdijk, Maartje, additional, Orlov, Polina, additional, Österblom, Henrik, additional, Owens, Dwight, additional, Owens, Tessa, additional, Oyinlola, Mohammed, additional, Pacoureau, Nathan, additional, Pakhomov, Evgeny, additional, Abrantes, Juliano Palacios, additional, Pascual, Unai, additional, Paulmier, Aurélien, additional, Pauly, Daniel, additional, Pèlèbè, Rodrigue Orobiyi Edéya, additional, Peñalosa, Daniel, additional, Pennino, Maria G., additional, Peterson, Garry, additional, Pham, Thuy T. T., additional, Pinkerton, Evelyn, additional, Polasky, Stephen, additional, Polunin, Nicholas V. C., additional, Prah, Ekow, additional, Ramírez, Jorge, additional, Relano, Veronica, additional, Reygondeau, Gabriel, additional, Robadue, Don, additional, Roberts, Callum, additional, Rogers, Alex, additional, Roumbedakis, Katina, additional, Sala, Enric, additional, Scheffer, Marten, additional, Segerson, Kathleen, additional, Seijo, Juan Carlos, additional, Seto, Karen C., additional, Shogren, Jason F., additional, Silver, Jennifer J., additional, Singh, Gerald, additional, Soszynski, Ambre, additional, Splichalova, Dacotah-Victoria, additional, Spring, Margaret, additional, Stage, Jesper, additional, Stephenson, Fabrice, additional, Stewart, Bryce D., additional, Sultan, Riad, additional, Suttle, Curtis, additional, Tagliabue, Alessandro, additional, Tall, Amadou, additional, Talloni-Álvarez, Nicolás, additional, Tavoni, Alessandro, additional, Taylor, D. R. Fraser, additional, Teh, Louise S. L., additional, Teh, Lydia C. L., additional, Thiebot, Jean-Baptiste, additional, Thiele, Torsten, additional, Thilsted, Shakuntala H., additional, Thumbadoo, Romola V., additional, Tigchelaar, Michelle, additional, Tol, Richard S. J., additional, Tortell, Philippe, additional, Troell, Max, additional, Uzmanoğlu, M. Selçuk, additional, van Putten, Ingrid, additional, van Santen, Gert, additional, Villaseñor-Derbez, Juan Carlos, additional, Wabnitz, Colette C. C., additional, Walsh, Melissa, additional, Walsh, J. P., additional, Wambiji, Nina, additional, Weber, Elke U., additional, Westley, Frances, additional, Williams, Stella, additional, Wisz, Mary S., additional, Worm, Boris, additional, Xiao, Lan, additional, Yagi, Nobuyuki, additional, Yamazaki, Satoshi, additional, Yang, Hong, additional, and Zeller, Dirk, additional

Published
2021
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33. Mapping the unjust global impact of harmful fisheries subsidies

Author

Skerritt, Daniel, primary, Schuhbauer, Anna, additional, Villasante, Sebastian, additional, Cisneros-Montemayor, Andrés, additional, Bennett, Nathan, additional, Mallory, Tabitha, additional, Lam, Vicky W.Y., additional, Arthur, Robert, additional, Cheung, William, additional, Teh, Louise, additional, Roumbedakis, Katina, additional, and Sumaila, U. Rashid, additional

Published
2021
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35. CONSERVATION TARGETS: A mid-term analysis of progress toward international biodiversity targets

Author

Tittensor, Derek P., Walpole, Matt, Hill, Samantha L. L., Boyce, Daniel G., Britten, Gregory L., Burgess, Neil D., Butchart, Stuart H. M., Leadley, Paul W., Regan, Eugenie C., Alkemade, Rob, Baumung, Roswitha, Bellard, Céline, Bouwman, Lex, Bowles-Newark, Nadine J., Chenery, Anna M., Cheung, William W. L., Christensen, Villy, Cooper, David H., Crowther, Annabel R., Dixon, Matthew J. R., Galli, Alessandro, Gaveau, Valérie, Gregory, Richard D., Gutierrez, Nicolas L., Hirsch, Tim L., Höft, Robert, Januchowski-Hartley, Stephanie R., Karmann, Marion, Krug, Cornelia B., Leverington, Fiona J., Loh, Jonathan, Lojenga, Rik Kutsch, Malsch, Kelly, Marques, Alexandra, Morgan, David H. W., Mumby, Peter J., Newbold, Tim, Noonan-Mooney, Kieran, Pagad, Shyama N., Parks, Bradley C., Pereira, Henrique M., Robertson, Tim, Rondinini, Carlo, Santini, Luca, Scharlemann, Jörn P. W., Schindler, Stefan, Sumaila, Rashid U., Teh, Louise S.L., van Kolck, Jennifer, Visconti, Piero, and Ye, Yimin

Published
2014
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37. Ocean Finance:Financing the Transition to a Sustainable Ocean Economy

Author

Sumaila, Rashid, Walsh, Melissa, Hoareau, Kelly, Cox , Anthony, Abdallah, Patrízia, Akpalu, Wisdom, Anna, Zuzy, Benzaken, Dominique, Crona, Beatrice, Fitzgerald, Timothy, Heaps, Louise, Karousakis, Katia, Lange, Glenn-Marie, Leland, Amanda, Miller, Dana, Schreiber, Karen, Shahnaz, Durreen, Teh, Louise, Thiele, Torsten, Vestergaard, Niels, Yagi , Nobuyuki, and Zhang, Junjie

Published
2020

42. Supporting early career researchers: insights from interdisciplinary marine scientists

Author

Andrews, Evan J, primary, Harper, Sarah, primary, Cashion, Tim, primary, Palacios-Abrantes, Juliano, primary, Blythe, Jessica, primary, Daly, Jack, primary, Eger, Sondra, primary, Hoover, Carie, primary, Talloni-Alvarez, Nicolás, primary, Teh, Louise, primary, Bennett, Nathan, primary, Epstein, Graham, primary, Knott, Christine, primary, Newell, Sarah L, primary, and Whitney, Charlotte K, primary

Published
2020
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44. ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL BENEFITS OF FISHERIES REBUILDING: SIX CANADIAN CASE STUDIES

Author

Teh, Louise, Oceana, and Sumaila, Rashid

Subjects
bepress|Physical Sciences and Mathematics, bepress|Life Sciences|Biology, MarXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences, MarXiv|Life Sciences|Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, bepress|Life Sciences|Marine Biology, bepress|Life Sciences|Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, MarXiv|Life Sciences|Biology, bepress|Life Sciences, bepress|Social and Behavioral Sciences, MarXiv|Physical Sciences and Mathematics, bepress|Physical Sciences and Mathematics|Environmental Sciences, MarXiv|Life Sciences|Marine Biology, MarXiv|Life Sciences, MarXiv|Physical Sciences and Mathematics|Environmental Sciences
Abstract

Many fish populations in Canada are depleted and at risk of further decline. Fisheries loss jeopardizes the social, economic, and health well-being of thousands of Canadians and is therefore of national concern. However, of 56 fish stocks assessed as being in a Critical or Cautious state, only three have rebuilding plans developed for them. As such, there is an urgent need to intensify Canada’s fisheries rebuilding efforts. One of the challenges facing rebuilding fisheries is that it often necessitates an immediate and substantial reduction in fishing mortality. This invariably involves forgoing certain short-term benefits in order to gain the benefits of rebuilt fish stocks in the medium and long term. To investigate the economic and social implications of rebuilding Canada’s fisheries, this study analyzes the socio-economic costs and benefits of rebuilding Canada’s fisheries under six different scenarios of species’ recovery rates and management strategies. We conduct the analysis for six fish stocks representing different biological life histories, geographic distribution, state of fisheries depletion, and socio-economic importance to coastal communities. These fish stocks include: i) Pacific herring Central Coast stock; ii) West Coast Vancouver Island chinook salmon — both aggregate abundance-based management (AABM) and individual stock-based management (ISBM) components; iii) yelloweye rockfish outside population; iv) Atlantic cod NAFO Division 2J3KL; v) Gulf of St. Lawrence Atlantic herring spring spawners NAFO Division 4T; and vi) Atlantic redfish Units 1 and 2.Our results indicate that overall, for the time period studied, all fish stocks — except yelloweye rockfish, which is a long-lived species with a low natural growth rate — would likely experience economic gains from fisheries rebuilding relative to the status quo. Under the most optimistic scenario, northern cod (which has, among the fisheries studied, one of the largest current catch and number of fishers) and Pacific herring are projected to benefit the most by the end of the analysis period, with potential economic gains of seven and 11 times above the status quo, respectively. Under the least optimistic scenario, this gain drops to 0.85 and five times above the status quo, respectively. In most cases, a management strategy involving fishery closure results in higher potential economic gains compared to a low-fishing strategy, regardless of the rate of fish-stock recovery. Not surprisingly, slow recovery scenarios are projected to result in the fewest economic gains. An intergenerational discounting approach, which seeks to explicitly incorporate the interests of future generations in the analysis, increases projected economic benefits compared to conventional discounting, thereby emphasizing the importance of taking a long-term perspective to fisheries rebuilding. Using fish stock assessments as a basis, we estimate that once fish stocks are rebuilt, they can support catches that range from 1.3 to 18 times above the status quo catch level. In terms of social impact, an estimated 5,100 fishers are currently involved in fisheries for the case study fish stocks, who can thus potentially benefit from this projected increase in fish catch in the future. The overall benefits of rebuilding are magnified if we consider the thousands more people in coastal communities who have food, cultural, and other social connections to fish stocks. While rebuilding may likely incur short-term costs for fishers and coastal communities, these need to be seen in light of the fact that without rebuilding and effective fisheries management, we have lost significant amounts of food, jobs, and incomes over the recent decades, and we could lose everything if and when the fish stocks collapse. Recall the cost to fishers and society when the cod stocks off Newfoundland collapsed in 1992.Our results suggest that bearing this short-term cost can lead to economic benefits, which in the long term are an improvement over maintaining the status quo. This suggests that accounting for social impacts is crucial in developing rebuilding plans, especially in terms of access to and allocation of projected economic benefits from rebuilt fish stocks in the future. This study further highlights that rebuilding plans have to be developed while bearing in mind that anticipated fish stock recovery can either be delayed or sped up by future changes in environmental conditions, which, although not modelled here, can change projected economic outcomes. While we show that fisheries rebuilding can improve the biological and economic state of Canadian fish stocks overall, it is also important to emphasize the need for Canada to have strong precautionary fisheries management practices in place for species that are not currently depleted so that fish stocks are managed sustainably, avoiding the need for rebuilding.

Published
2019

45. Status, Trends, and the Future of Fisheries in the East and South China Seas

Author

Teh, Louise S. L., Cashion, Tim, Alava, Juan José, Cheung, William W. L., and Sumaila, Ussif Rashid

Abstract

The East and South China Sea Large Marine Ecosystems (LMEs) contain globally significant biodiversity and habitats. These two LMEs border some of the world’s most populous countries, among which are major fishing nations such as China, South Korea, Japan, Thailand, and Vietnam. Fisheries thus play a prominent economic, food security, social, cultural, and livelihood role in East (ECS) and South China Sea (SCS) countries. However, ECS and SCS fisheries have experienced decades of decline, and their future sustainability is undermined by weak and/or ineffective fisheries management and governance, uncontrolled coastal development, and climate change, among other global, regional, and local scale human and environmental pressures. There is clearly an urgent need to improve marine resource management in the East and South China Sea LMEs. This report is intended to support the call for action to rebuild and protect the LMEs’ marine resources. To do so, our research objectives are: 1) Provide a baseline assessment of the present status of East China Sea fisheries at the LME level; 2) Assess the potential impact of future management and climate change on ECS fisheries and marine ecosystems. The report is split into 4 chapters: Chapter 1 sets the stage by introducing the Large Marine Ecosystems (LMEs) of Asia, and in particular provides indicators on fisheries productivity, trade, fishing capacity and management performance for the East and South China Seas. In Chapter 2, ‘Taking Stock’, we document the current economic and social contribution of fisheries to national economies of the East China Sea1 at the LME scale, and review the present status of ECS fisheries governance. Chapter 3, ‘Global Change’, undertakes ecosystem modelling to assess the potential ecological and economic outcomes of fisheries in both the ECS and SCS under different future scenarios of management and climate change. Chapter 4 investigates the pressing regional issue of biomass fishing by comparing economic returns to the fishery from exploiting juvenile fish versus waiting for the fish to mature. Collectively, the analyses in this report fill a present research gap by providing a comprehensive picture of the substantial socio-economic contributions of ECS fisheries at the LME scale, and showing the potential fisheries and ecosystem trade-offs under future management and climate change scenarios. By doing so, this report helps to inform fisheries policy by highlighting the costs and benefits to ECS society and ecosystems if steps are not taken to improve the current state of national and regional fisheries governance.

Published
2019
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46. A global fishing gear dataset for integration into the Sea Around Us global fisheries databases

Author

Moutopoulos, D., Noël, S.L., Cashion, Tim, Al-Abdulrazzak, Dalal, Belhabib, Dyhia, Derrick, Brittany, Divovich, Esther, Palomares, Maria Lourdes D., Teh, Louise, Zeller, Dirk, 1961, and Pauly, D. (Daniel)

Abstract

Globally, marine fisheries exhibit a great spatial and temporal diversity in the use of fishing gear. However, the development and use of fishing gear for industrial marine fisheries has not been well understood at a global level. Here, we assign all globally reconstructed fisheries catches of the Sea Around Us to a specific gear type. This report documents the results of this gear assignment for each individual fishing country of the Sea Around Us. Globally, we found that bottom trawls and purse seines account for the majority of all gears used, especially when small-scale gears are excluded. We also derive approximate gear type use for small-scale fisheries via an indirect, regionally representative approach. This approach made use of the largest artisanal fishing countries in each region of the world, and assigned the remaining artisanal catches to these countries assuming they are representative of the broader region. The major artisanal gear types worldwide were gillnets and various types of line gear. Changes in gear use over time are presented globally, with all data freely available at www.seaaroundus.org.

Published
2018
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50. Coral Reefs and People in a High-CO2 World: Where Can Science Make a Difference to People?

Author

Pendleton, Linwood, primary, Comte, Adrien, additional, Langdon, Chris, additional, Ekstrom, Julia A., additional, Cooley, Sarah R., additional, Suatoni, Lisa, additional, Beck, Michael W., additional, Brander, Luke M., additional, Burke, Lauretta, additional, Cinner, Josh E., additional, Doherty, Carolyn, additional, Edwards, Peter E. T., additional, Gledhill, Dwight, additional, Jiang, Li-Qing, additional, van Hooidonk, Ruben J., additional, Teh, Louise, additional, Waldbusser, George G., additional, and Ritter, Jessica, additional

Published
2016
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