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We investigate constraints on neutrino non-standard interactions (NSIs) in the effective field theory framework, using data from the first measurement of solar $^8$B neutrinos via coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering (CE$\nu$NS) in the PandaX-4T experiment and the COHERENT experiment. In the PandaX-4T experiment, due to relatively large statistical uncertainties and measured CE$\nu$NS counts that significantly differ from the Standard Model predictions, its sensitivities to the neutrino NSIs are currently limited, compared to the COHERENT experiment. However, the PandaX-4T experiment is uniquely sensitive to the neutrino NSIs for the $\tau$ flavor due to oscillation feature of the solar $^8$B neutrinos. We also assess how the experimental central value, exposure, and systematic uncertainties will affect the constraints on neutrino NSIs from various CE$\nu$NS measurements in the future., Comment: 9 pages, 5 figures, 3 tables

The study of magnetic resonance linewidth is crucial in magnetic resonance physics and its applications. Previous studies focused on the linewidth of alkali metal atoms within the spin-exchange relaxation-free regime near zero magnetic field and in strong magnetic fields where Zeeman resonances are well resolved due to the quadratic Zeeman effect. However, the linewidth in the unresolved Zeeman resonance regime, which is prevalent in various magnetometer and comagnetometer applications, is not well understood. To address this, we developed a theoretical framework based on the master equation for alkali metal atoms and solved it under the rotating wave approximation and weak driving conditions. Our numerical calculations and analytical expressions reveal that the light-narrowing effect occurs only when the ratio of the spin exchange rate to the spin destruction rate exceeds a critical value. Additionally, we show that the linewidth in the unresolved Zeeman resonance regime is significantly influenced by the mutual coupling of quantum coherence between different Zeeman sublevels. These findings provide a theoretical tool for understanding spin relaxation in alkali-metal atoms and optimizing the performance of atomic magnetometers and comagnetometers operating in this regime., Comment: 10 pages, 7 figures

Chiral perturbation theory systematically describes the low energy dynamics of meson and baryons using nonlinear Nambu-Goldstone fields. Using the Young tensor technique, we construct the pure mesonic effective operators up to $p^8$-order, one-to-one corresponding to contact amplitudes with the on-shell Adler zero condition. The off-shell external sources, non-vanishing under equation-of-motion conditions, are also added to the operator bases. We also show the invariant tensor bases using the Young tableau is equivalent to the trace bases with Cayley-Hamilton relations. Separated into different $CP$ eigenstates, at $\mathcal{O}(p^8)$ we obtain the operator lists of the 567 $C$+$P$+ operators, 483 $C$+$P$- operators, 376 $C$-$P$+ operators, and 408 $C$-$P$- operators for $SU(2)$ case, while there are 1959 $C$+$P$+ operators, 1809 $C$+$P$- operators, 1520 $C$-$P$+ operators, and 1594 $C$-$P$- operators for $SU(3)$ case, consistent with results using the Hilbert series., Comment: 114 pages, 17 tables

Optical spectroscopy plays an essential role across scientific research and industry for non-contact materials analysis1-3, increasingly through in-situ or portable platforms4-6. However, when considering low-light-level applications, conventional spectrometer designs necessitate a compromise between their resolution and sensitivity7,8, especially as device and detector dimensions are scaled down. Here, we report on a miniaturizable spectrometer platform where light throughput onto the detector is instead enhanced as the resolution is increased. This planar, CMOS-compatible platform is based around metasurface encoders designed to exhibit photonic bound states in the continuum9, where operational range can be altered or extended simply through adjusting geometric parameters. This system can enhance photon collection efficiency by up to two orders of magnitude versus conventional designs; we demonstrate this sensitivity advantage through ultra-low-intensity fluorescent and astrophotonic spectroscopy. This work represents a step forward for the practical utility of spectrometers, affording a route to integrated, chip-based devices that maintain high resolution and SNR without requiring prohibitively long integration times.

In 1987, the second author of this paper reported his conjecture, all finite simple groups $S$ can be characterized uniformly using the order of $S$ and the set of element orders in $S$, to Prof. J. G. Thompson. In their communications, Thompson posed his problem about the judgment of solvability of finite groups $G$. In this paper we give a positive answer for Thompson's problem if the prime graph of $G$ is not connection., Comment: 8 pages

In this paper, we study the stability of nuclear magnetic resonance gyroscope (NMRG), which employs Xe nuclear spins to measure inertial rotation rate. The Xe spin polarization is sensed by an in-situ Rb-magnetometer. The Rb-magnetometer works in a parametric oscillation mode (henceforth referred to as the Rb parametric magnetometer, or Rb-PM), in which the Larmor frequency of the Rb spins is modulated and the transverse components of Xe nuclear spin polarization are measured. As the measurement output of the Rb-PM, the phase of the Xe nuclear spin precession is eventually converted to the Xe nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) frequencies and the inertial rotation rate. Here we provide a comprehensive study of the NMR phase measured by the Rb-PM, and analyze the influence of various control parameters, including the DC magnetic field, the frequency and phase of the modulation field, and the Rb resonance linewidth, on the stability of the NMR phase. Based on these analysis, we propose and implement a self-calibrating method to compensate the NMR phase drift during the Rb-PM measurement. With the self-calibrating Rb-PM, we demonstrate a significant improvement of the bias stability of NMRG., Comment: 16 pages, 11 figures

The techniques for 3D indoor scene capturing are widely used, but the meshes produced leave much to be desired. In this paper, we propose "RoomDreamer", which leverages powerful natural language to synthesize a new room with a different style. Unlike existing image synthesis methods, our work addresses the challenge of synthesizing both geometry and texture aligned to the input scene structure and prompt simultaneously. The key insight is that a scene should be treated as a whole, taking into account both scene texture and geometry. The proposed framework consists of two significant components: Geometry Guided Diffusion and Mesh Optimization. Geometry Guided Diffusion for 3D Scene guarantees the consistency of the scene style by applying the 2D prior to the entire scene simultaneously. Mesh Optimization improves the geometry and texture jointly and eliminates the artifacts in the scanned scene. To validate the proposed method, real indoor scenes scanned with smartphones are used for extensive experiments, through which the effectiveness of our method is demonstrated., Comment: Video results: https://youtu.be/p4xgwj4QJcQ

The magnetism-controllable band topology renders magnetic topological materials as one of the most promising candidates for next-generation electronic devices. Here we first construct three datasets allowing ascertaining the evolutions of topological states (with all enforced band crossings identified) using symmetry-indicators in the 1651 magnetic space groups. We then perform high-throughput investigations based on 1267 stoichiometric magnetic materials ever-experimentally synthesized and the three datasets to reveal a hierarchy of topological states by symmetry-breaking, along all ergodic and continuous paths of symmetry-breaking (preserving the translation symmetry) from the parent magnetic space group to the trivial group. The results are expected to aid experimentalists in selecting feasible and appropriate means to tune topological states towards realistic applications in new paradigm of memory device by topological state switching., Comment: See SM (in ancillary file) for an assembly of results for the calculated 1267 magnetic materials: The plots of band and DOS, topological classifications using symmetry-indicators, all detected enforced band crossings, and the topological state evolutions by symmetry-breaking. Thanks! The three datasets can be found in https://box.nju.edu.cn/published/three-datasets/

Anisotropic magnetic exchange interactions lead to a surprisingly rich variety of the magnetic properties. Considering the spin orbit coupling (SOC) as perturbation, we extract the general expression of a bilinear spin Hamiltonian, including isotropic exchange interaction, antisymmetric Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya (DM) interaction and symmetric $\Gamma $ term. Though it is commonly believed that the magnitude of the DM and $\Gamma $ interaction correspond to the first and second order of SOC strength $% \lambda $ respectively, we clarify that the term proportional to $\lambda ^{2}$ also has contribution to DM interaction. Based on combining magnetic force theorem and linear-response approach, we have presented the method of calculating anisotropic magnetic interactions, which now has been implemented in the open source software WienJ. Furthermore, we introduce another method which could calculate the first and second order SOC contribution to the DM interaction separately, and overcome some shortcomings of previous methods. Our methods are successfully applied to several typical weak ferromagnets for $3d$, $4d$ and $5d$ transition metal oxides. We also predict the conditions where the DM interactions proportional to $\lambda $ are symmetrically forbidden while the DM interactions proportional to $\lambda ^{2}$ are nonzero, and believe that it is widespread in certain magnetic materials.

The band connectivity as imposed by the compatibility relations between the irreducible representations of little groups can give rise to the exotic hourglass-like shape composed of four branches of bands and five band crossings (BCs). Such an hourglass band connectivity could enforce the emergence of nontrivial excitations like Weyl fermion, Dirac fermion or even beyond them. On the other hand, the bosons, like phonons, magnons, and photons, were also shown to possess nontrivial topology and a comprehensive symmetry classification of the hourglass bosonic excitations would be of great significance to both materials design and device applications. Here we firstly list all concrete positions and representations of little groups in the Brillouin zone (BZ) related with the hourglass bosonic excitations in all the 1651 magnetic space groups and 528 magnetic layer groups, applicable to three dimensional (3D) and two dimensional (2D) systems, respectively. 255 (42) MSGs (MLGs) are found to essentially host such hourglass BCs: Here ``essentially'' means that the bosonic hourglass BC exists definitely as long as the studied system is crystallized in the corresponding MSG/MLG. We also perform first-principles calculations on hundreds of 3D nonmagnetic materials essentially hosting hourglass phonons and propose that the 2D material AlI can host hourglass phonons. We choose AuX (X=Br and I) as illustrative examples to demonstrate that two essential hourglass band structures can coexist in the phonon spectra for both materials while for AuBr, an accidental band crossing sticking two hourglasses is found interestingly. Our results of symmetry conditions for hourglass bosonic excitations can provide a useful guide of designing artificial structures with hourglass bosonic excitations., Comment: Supplementary Material can be found in the ancillary file

Many topological band crossings (BCs) have been predicted efficiently utilizing the symmetry properties of wave-functions at high-symmetry points. Among various BCs, the so-called hourglass BCs (with the low-energy excitations dubbed as hourglass fermions) are fascinating since they can be guaranteed to exist under specific symmetry conditions even without realistic calculations. Such novel property renders the theoretical prediction on magnetic topological metals with hourglass BC (being Weyl point, Dirac point, lying in nodal loop, and so on) independent on the calculation methods and only determined by the symmetry of crystal and magnetic structure, namely, the magnetic space group (MSG). To date, there have no magnetic material verified with hourglass fermions. Here we first list all symmetry conditions that allow hourglass BCs in the 1651 MSGs and 528 magnetic layer groups (MLGs) with spin-orbital coupling (SOC): Only 331 MSGs and 53 MLGs can host hourglass BCs. Among these results, the essential hourglass BCs are highlighted, whose MSGs are then applied to predict hundreds of magnetic materials from the MAGNDATA magnetic materials database and first-principles calculations in the frame of LDA+SOC+U verify the hourglass BCs for different values of $U$. We take CsMn$_2$F$_6$, synthesized recently with a distorted pyrochlore structure to illustrate the hourglass band structure in detail which is very clear around the Fermi level and the topologically protected surface drumhead states of (100) surface are found to spread over more than one half surface Brillouin zone and only appear in a narrow energy window ($\sim 30$ meV), which could induce intriguing stability by prominent electronic correlation., Comment: We provide Movie, Supplementary Material I and II mentioned in the maintext in "Ancillary files": Movie.mp4 demonstrates energy contours for the (100)-surface states of the magnetic hourglass material CsMn2F6. Supplementary_Material_I.pdf contains all results of symmetry conditions for all magnetic space and layer groups. Supplementary_Material_II.pdf contains results of materials investigations

Current Siamese-based trackers mainly formulate the visual tracking into two independent subtasks, including classification and localization. They learn the classification subnetwork by processing each sample separately and neglect the relationship among positive and negative samples. Moreover, such tracking paradigm takes only the classification confidence of proposals for the final prediction, which may yield the misalignment between classification and localization. To resolve these issues, this paper proposes a ranking-based optimization algorithm to explore the relationship among different proposals. To this end, we introduce two ranking losses, including the classification one and the IoU-guided one, as optimization constraints. The classification ranking loss can ensure that positive samples rank higher than hard negative ones, i.e., distractors, so that the trackers can select the foreground samples successfully without being fooled by the distractors. The IoU-guided ranking loss aims to align classification confidence scores with the Intersection over Union(IoU) of the corresponding localization prediction for positive samples, enabling the well-localized prediction to be represented by high classification confidence. Specifically, the proposed two ranking losses are compatible with most Siamese trackers and incur no additional computation for inference. Extensive experiments on seven tracking benchmarks, including OTB100, UAV123, TC128, VOT2016, NFS30, GOT-10k and LaSOT, demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed ranking-based optimization algorithm. The code and raw results are available at https://github.com/sansanfree/RBO., Comment: To appear in CVPR2022

Nodal structures (NSrs) where energy bands meet to be degenerate in the Brillouin zone (BZ) in the form of point, line or surface, received immense research interest in the past decade. However, the nearly NSrs with negligible gaps, can also own many exotic quantum responses and nontrivial topological properties and deserve a systematic investigation. Here, we provide a complete list of all symmetry-diagonalizable strictly and nearly NSrs in the 1651 magnetic space groups (MSGs) and 528 magnetic layer groups (MLGs) in both spinful and spinless settings. We first apply compatibility relations (CRs) which encode how bands split from a band node (BN) (located at a symmetric point of BZ), to obtain all NSrs (emanating from the BN). The NSrs by CRs are definitely strict and are exhaustively enumerated based on all irreducible representations of the little groups for all BNs. We then construct $k\cdot p$ models around BNs and prove that there is a cutoff $k\cdot p$ order (6 at most) for any BN which is sufficient to predict the corresponding strictly NSrs and including higher-order $k\cdot p$ terms cannot gap the NSrs. We provide all $k\cdot p$ models up to the cutoff orders around all the BNs, and comprehensively explore all the nearly NSrs by lowering the $k\cdot p$ order. Our results reveal that the same as BNs, the NSrs, especially the nearly NSrs, are also ubiquitous. For example, while strictly nodal surface can only exist in some nonsymmorphic MSGs, nearly nodal surface can occur even in many low symmetric MSGs. Moreover, we also find that for some BNs, the method of $k\cdot p$ modeling could give more strictly NSrs than CRs. With our complete list, one can conveniently obtain all possible NSrs for any two/three-dimensional and nonmagnetic/magnetic material, and given a target NSr, one can also design/search for materials realizations based on the MSGs/MLGs., Comment: The Supplementary Information I-V can be downloaded in: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1b7q5vNn4NLwdy_NjTSA_wNpPgOYebSZ6/view?usp=sharing

Recently, a new type of duality was reported in some deformable mechanical networks which exhibit Kramers-like degeneracy in phononic spectrum at the self-dual point. In this work, we clarify the origin of this duality and propose a design principle of 2D self-dual structures with arbitrary complexity. We find that this duality originates from the (PCI) symmetry of the hinge, which belongs to a more general end-fixed scaling transformation. This symmetry gives the structure an extra degree of freedom without modifying its dynamics. This results in , i.e., dissimilar 2D mechanical structures, either periodic or aperiodic, having identical dynamic modes, based on which we demonstrate a new type of wave-guide without reflection or loss. Moreover, the PCI symmetry allows us to design various 2D periodic isostatic networks with hinge duality. At last, by further studying a 2D non-mechanical magnonic system, we show that the duality and the associated hidden symmetry should exist in a broad range of Hamiltonian systems., Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures