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1. A compact instrument for gamma-ray burst detection on a CubeSat platform II: Detailed design, assembly and validation

Author

Murphy, David, Ulyanov, Alexey, McBreen, Sheila, Mangan, Joseph, Dunwoody, Rachel, Doyle, Maeve, O'Toole, Conor, Thompson, Joseph, Reilly, Jack, Walsh, Sarah, Shortt, Brian, Martin-Carrillo, Antonio, and Hanlon, Lorraine

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

The Gamma-ray Module, GMOD, is a miniaturised novel gamma-ray detector which will be the primary scientific payload on the Educational Irish Research Satellite (EIRSAT-1) 2U CubeSat mission. GMOD comprises a compact (25mm $\times$ 25mm $\times$ 40mm) cerium bromide scintillator coupled to a tiled array of 4$\times$4 silicon photomultipliers, with front-end readout provided by the IDE3380 SIPHRA. This paper presents the detailed GMOD design and the accommodation of the instrument within the restrictive CubeSat form factor. The electronic and mechanical interfaces are compatible with many off-the-shelf CubeSat systems and structures. The energy response of the GMOD engineering qualification model has been determined using radioactive sources, and an energy resolution of 5.4% at 662keV has been measured. EIRSAT-1 will perform on-board processing of GMOD data. Trigger results, including light-curves and spectra, will be incorporated into the spacecraft beacon and transmitted continuously. Inexpensive hardware can be used to decode the beacon signal, making the data accessible to a wide community. GMOD will have scientific capability for the detection of gamma-ray bursts, in addition to the educational and technology demonstration goals of the EIRSAT-1 mission. The detailed design and measurements to date demonstrate the capability of GMOD in low Earth orbit, the scalability of the design for larger CubeSats and as an element of future large gamma-ray missions., Comment: 31 pages, 16 figures. This is an author accepted manuscript of an article accepted for publication in Experimental Astronomy. The final open-access version will be available at: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10686-022-09842-z

Published
2022
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2. Embedded Firmware Development for a Novel CubeSat Gamma-Ray Detector

Author

Mangan, Joseph, Murphy, David, Dunwoody, Rachel, Doyle, Maeve, Ulyanov, Alexey, Hanlon, Lorraine, Shortt, Brian, McBreen, Sheila, Emam, Masoud, Erkal, Jessica, Flanagan, Joe, Fontanesi, Gianluca, Gloster, Andrew, O'Toole, Conor, Okosun, Favour, RajagopalanNair, Rakhi, Reilly, Jack, Salmon, Lána, Sherwin, Daire, Thompson, Joseph, Walsh, Sarah, de Faoite, Daithí, Hibbett, Mike, Javaid, Umair, Marshall, Fergal, McKeown, David, O'Connor, William, Stanton, Kenneth, and Wall, Ronan

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

The Gamma-ray Module (GMOD) is an experiment designed for the detection of gamma-ray bursts in low Earth orbit as the principal scientific payload on a 2-U CubeSat, EIRSAT-1. GMOD comprises a cerium bromide scintillator coupled to silicon photomultipliers which are processed and digitised by a bespoke ASIC. Custom firmware on the GMOD motherboard has been designed, implemented and tested for the MSP430 microprocessor which manages the experiment including readout, storage and configuration of the system. The firmware has been verified in a series of experiments testing the response over a realistic range of input detector trigger frequencies from 50Hz to 1kHz for the primary time tagged event (TTE) data. The power consumption and ability of the firmware to successfully receive and transmit the packets to the on-board computer was investigated. The experiment demonstrated less than 1% loss of packets up to 1kHz for the standard transfer mode with the power not exceeding 31mW. The transfer performance and power consumption demonstrated are within the required range of this CubeSat instrument., Comment: 9 pages, 5 figures. This paper was presented at the 8th IEEE International Conference on Space Mission Challenges for Information Technology, July 26-30, 2021, and will appear in the conference proceedings. This work has been submitted to the IEEE for publication

Published
2021

3. A compact instrument for gamma-ray burst detection on a CubeSat platform I: Design drivers and expected performance

Author

Murphy, David, Ulyanov, Alexey, McBreen, Sheila, Doyle, Maeve, Dunwoody, Rachel, Mangan, Joseph, Thompson, Joseph, Shortt, Brian, Martin-Carrillo, Antonio, and Hanlon, Lorraine

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

The Educational Irish Research Satellite 1 (EIRSAT-1) is a 2U CubeSat being developed under ESA's Fly Your Satellite! programme. The project has many aspects, which are primarily educational, but also include space qualification of new detector technologies for gamma-ray astronomy and the detection of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). The Gamma-ray Module (GMOD), the main mission payload, is a small gamma-ray spectrometer comprising a 25 mm $\times$ 25 mm $\times$ 40 mm cerium bromide scintillator coupled to an array of 16 silicon photomultipliers. The readout is provided by IDE3380 (SIPHRA), a low-power and radiation tolerant readout ASIC. GMOD will detect gamma-rays and measure their energies in a range from tens of keV to a few MeV. Monte Carlo simulations were performed using the Medium Energy Gamma-ray Astronomy Library to evaluate GMOD's capability for the detection of GRBs in low Earth orbit. The simulations used a detailed mass model of the full spacecraft derived from a very high-fidelity 3D CAD model. The sky-average effective area of GMOD on board EIRSAT-1 was found to be 10 cm$^2$ at 120 keV. The instrument is expected to detect between 11 and 14 GRBs, at a significance greater than 10$\sigma$ (and up to 32 at 5$\sigma$), during a nominal one-year mission. The shape of the scintillator in GMOD results in omni-directional sensitivity which allows for a nearly all-sky field of view., Comment: 27 pages, 13 figures. This is an author accepted manuscript of an article published in Experimental Astronomy. The final open-access version is available at: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10686-021-09779-9

Published
2021
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4. A smartphone-based arbitrary scene projector for detector testing and instrument performance evaluation

Author

Prod'homme, Thibaut, Liebing, Patricia, Verhoeve, Peter, Menyaylov, Ilya, Lemmel, Frédéric, Smit, Hans, Blommaert, Sander, Breeveld, Dennis, and Shortt, Brian

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

Using the high-resolution OLED screen of a smartphone to project arbitrary scenes and patterns can open a complete new dimension for testing sensors in the visible. Based on an original concept from JPL (Jet Propulsion Laboratory), this contribution describes a new experimental setup designed to achieve the demanding performance of its first application by ESA (European Space Agency): the evaluation of radiation-induced CTI (Charge Transfer Inefficiency) on Euclid's weak lensing measurement. We show that pushed to its limits especially in terms of calibration such a simple experiment can deliver a level of optical performance high enough to be applied in the verification of high-precision astronomy instrument performance.

Published
2020

5. Radiation Damage Study of SensL J-Series Silicon Photomultipliers Using 101.4 MeV Protons

Author

Ulyanov, Alexei, Murphy, David, Mangan, Joseph, Gupta, Viyas, Hajdas, Wojciech, de Faoite, Daithi, Shortt, Brian, Hanlon, Lorraine, and McBreen, Sheila

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

Radiation damage of J-series silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) has been studied in the context of using these photodetectors in future space-borne scintillation detectors. Several SiPM samples were exposed to 101.4 MeV protons, with 1 MeV neutron equivalent fluence ranging from 1.27*10^8 n/cm^2 to 1.23*10^10 n/cm^2 . After the irradiation, the SiPMs experienced a large increase in the dark current and noise, which may pose problems for long-running space missions in terms of power consumption, thermal control and detection of low-energy events. Measurements performed with a CeBr3 scintillator crystal showed that after exposure to 1.23*10^10 n/cm^2 and following room-temperature annealing, the dark noise of a single 6 mm square SiPM at room temperature increased from 0.1 keV to 2 keV. Because of the large SiPM noise, the gamma-ray detection threshold increased to approximately 20 keV for a CeBr3 detector using a 4-SiPM array and 40 keV for a detector using a 16-SiPM array. Only a small effect of the proton irradiation on the average detector signal was observed, suggesting no or little change to the SiPM gain and photon detection efficiency., Comment: Published in Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A

Published
2020
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6. Localisation of gamma-ray interaction points in thick monolithic CeBr3 and LaBr3:Ce scintillators

Author

Ulyanov, Alexei, Morris, Oran, Roberts, Oliver J., Tobin, Isaac, Hanlon, Lorraine, McBreen, Sheila, Murphy, David, Nelms, Nick, and Shortt, Brian

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics - Medical Physics
Abstract

Localisation of gamma-ray interaction points in monolithic scintillator crystals can simplify the design and improve the performance of a future Compton telescope for gamma-ray astronomy. In this paper we compare the position resolution of three monolithic scintillators: a 28x28x20 mm3 (length x breadth x thickness) LaBr3:Ce crystal, a 25x25x20 mm3 CeBr3 crystal and a 25x25x10 mm3 CeBr3 crystal. Each crystal was encapsulated and coupled to an array of 4x4 silicon photomultipliers through an optical window. The measurements were conducted using 81 keV and 356 keV gamma-rays from a collimated 133Ba source. The 3D position reconstruction of interaction points was performed using artificial neural networks trained with experimental data. Although the position resolution was significantly better for the thinner crystal, the 20 mm thick CeBr3 crystal showed an acceptable resolution of about 5.4 mm FWHM for the x and y coordinates, and 7.8 mm FWHM for the z-coordinate (crystal depth) at 356 keV. These values were obtained from the full position scans of the crystal sides. The position resolution of the LaBr3:Ce crystal was found to be considerably worse, presumably due to the highly diffusive optical in- terface between the crystal and the optical window of the enclosure. The energy resolution (FWHM) measured for 662 keV gamma-rays was 4.0% for LaBr3:Ce and 5.5% for CeBr3. The same crystals equipped with a PMT (Hamamatsu R6322-100) gave an energy resolution of 3.0% and 4.7%, respectively.

Published
2017
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8. Ground-Based Characterisation of a Compact Instrument for Gamma-ray Burst Detection on a CubeSat Platform.

Author

Dunwoody, Rachel, Murphy, David, Uliyanov, Alexey, Mangan, Joseph, Doyle, Maeve, Thompson, Joseph, de Barra, Cuan, Hanlon, Lorraine, McKeown, David, Shortt, Brian, and McBreen, Sheila

Subjects
SPACE industrialization, CUBESATS (Artificial satellites), PHOTOMULTIPLIERS, ORBITS (Astronomy), SPACE vehicles, GAMMA ray bursts
Abstract

Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are intense and short-lived cosmic explosions. Miniaturised CubeSat-compatible instruments for the study of GRBs are being developed to help bridge the gap in large missions and assist in achieving full sky coverage. CubeSats are small, compact satellites conforming to a design standard and have transformed the space industry. They are relatively low-cost and are developed on fast timescales, which has provided unparalleled access to space. This paper focuses on GMOD, the gamma-ray module, onboard the 2U CubeSat EIRSAT-1, launched on December 1st 2023. GMOD is a scintillation-based instrument with a cerium bromide crystal coupled to an array of sixteen silicon photomultipliers, designed for the detection of GRBs. The characterisation of GMOD in the spacecraft, along with the validation of an updated spacecraft MEGAlib model is presented and this approach can be followed by other CubeSats with similar science goals. The energy resolution of the flight model is 7.07% at 662 keV and the effective area peaks in the tens to hundreds of keV, making it a suitable instrument for the detection of GRBs. An investigation into the instrument's angular response is also detailed. The results from this characterisation campaign are a benchmark for the instrument's performance pre-launch and will be used to compare with the detector's performance in orbit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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10. NewATHENA optics technology

Author

Bavdaz, Marcos, primary, Wille, Eric, additional, Ayre, Mark, additional, Ferreira, Ivo, additional, Shortt, Brian, additional, Fransen, Sebastiaan, additional, Collon, Maximilien J., additional, Vacanti, Giuseppe, additional, Barrière, Nicolas, additional, Landgraf, Boris, additional, Girou, David, additional, Olde Riekerink, Mark, additional, Haneveld, Jeroen, additional, Start, Ronald, additional, Schurink, Bart, additional, van Baren, Coen, additional, Ferreira, Desiree Della Monica, additional, Massahi, Sonny, additional, Svendsen, Sara, additional, Christensen, Finn Erland, additional, Krumrey, Michael, additional, Skroblin, Dieter, additional, Burwitz, Vadim, additional, Pareschi, Giovanni, additional, Salmaso, Bianca, additional, Moretti, Alberto, additional, Spiga, Daniele, additional, Basso, Stefano, additional, Valsecchi, Giuseppe, additional, Vernani, Dervis, additional, Lupton, Paul, additional, Mundon, William, additional, Dunnell, Ethan, additional, Riede, Mirko, additional, Korhonen, Tapio, additional, Pasanen, Mikko, additional, Sanchez, Alejandro, additional, Heinis, Dominique, additional, Colldelram, Carles, additional, Tordi, Massimiliano, additional, Niewrzella, Norman, additional, and Willingale, Richard, additional

Published
2023
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11. Upconversion channels in Er3+:ZBLALiP: multicolour microspherical light source

Author

O'Shea, Danny G., Ward, Jonathan M., Shortt, Brian J., Mortier, Michel, Féron, Patrice, and Chormaic, Síle Nic

Subjects
Physics - Optics
Abstract

We present results on the realization of an all-taper coupled, multicolour microspherical glass light source fabricated from the erbium doped fluoride glass ZBLALiP. Whispering gallery mode lasing and upconversion processes give rise to laser and fluorescent emissions at multiple wavelengths from the ultraviolet to the infrared. A single-mode tapered fibre coupling scheme, which serves to both launch pump light at 980 nm into the microresonator cavity and collect the resulting infrared lasing, is employed. We demonstrate the use of a second separate fibre taper to outcouple the upconversion spectrum over several hundred nanometers. Thirteen discrete emissions ranging from 320 to 850 nm have been observed in the upconversion spectrum. The absorption and fluorescence properties are studied and the processes responsible for the generation of the observed wavelengths are outlined., Comment: 19 pages

Published
2006

12. Development, description, and validation of the operations manual for EIRSAT-1, a 2U CubeSat with a gamma-ray burst detector

Author

Dunwoody, Rachel, primary, Doyle, Maeve, additional, Murphy, David, additional, Finneran, Gabriel, additional, O’Callaghan, Derek, additional, Reilly, Jack, additional, Thompson, Joseph, additional, Akarapu, Sai Krishna Reddy, additional, de Barra, Cuán, additional, Cotter, Laura, additional, Empey, Aaron, additional, Fisher, Joseph, additional, Mangan, Joseph, additional, McKenna, Caimin, additional, Stijnen, Bas, additional, Hanlon, Lorraine, additional, McKeown, David, additional, O’Connor, William, additional, Uliyanov, Alexey, additional, Wall, Ronan, additional, Shortt, Brian, additional, and McBreen, Sheila, additional

Published
2023
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13. Status of the demonstration of the critical technologies of the ATHENA telescope

Author

Ferreira, Ivo, primary, Bavdaz, Marcos, additional, Ayre, Mark, additional, Wille, Eric, additional, Shortt, Brian, additional, Fransen, Sebastiaan, additional, Collon, Maximilien J., additional, Vacanti, Giuseppe, additional, Barrière, Nicolas M., additional, Landgraf, Boris, additional, Olde Riekerink, Mark, additional, Haneveld, Jeroen, additional, Start, Ronald, additional, van Baren, Coen, additional, Della Monica Ferreira, Desiree, additional, Massahi, Sonny, additional, Svendsen, Sara, additional, Christensen, Finn, additional, Krumrey, Michael, additional, Skroblin, Dieter, additional, Burwitz, Vadim, additional, Pareschi, Giovanni, additional, Tagliaferri, Gianpiero, additional, Salmaso, Bianca, additional, Basso, Stefano, additional, Moretti, Alberto, additional, Spiga, Daniele, additional, Valsecchi, Giuseppe, additional, Vernani, Dervis, additional, Lupton, Paul, additional, Mundon, William, additional, Phillips, Gavin, additional, Schneider, Jakob, additional, Korhonen, Tapio, additional, Sanchez, Alejandro, additional, Heinis, Dominique, additional, Colldelram, Carles, additional, Tordi, Massimiliano, additional, and Willingale, Richard, additional

Published
2023
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14. Status of the demonstration of the critical technologies of the ATHENA telescope

Author

Minoglou, Kyriaki, Karafolas, Nikos, Cugny, Bruno, Ferreira, Ivo, Bavdaz, Marcos, Ayre, Mark, Wille, Eric, Shortt, Brian, Fransen, Sebastiaan, Collon, Maximilien J., Vacanti, Giuseppe, Barrière, Nicolas M., Landgraf, Boris, Riekerink, Mark Olde, Haneveld, Jeroen, Start, Ronald, van Baren, Coen, Della Monica Ferreira, Desiree, Massahi, Sonny, Svendsen, Sara, Christensen, Finn, Krumrey, Michael, Skroblin, Dieter, Burwitz, Vadim, Pareschi, Giovanni, Tagliaferri, Gianpiero, Salmaso, Bianca, Basso, Stefano, Moretti, Alberto, Spiga, Daniele, Valsecchi, Giuseppe, Vernani, Dervis, Lupton, Paul, Mundon, William, Phillips, Gavin, Schneider, Jakob, Korhonen, Tapio, Sanchez, Alejandro, Heinis, Dominique, Colldelram, Carles, Tordi, Massimiliano, Willingale, Richard, Minoglou, Kyriaki, Karafolas, Nikos, Cugny, Bruno, Ferreira, Ivo, Bavdaz, Marcos, Ayre, Mark, Wille, Eric, Shortt, Brian, Fransen, Sebastiaan, Collon, Maximilien J., Vacanti, Giuseppe, Barrière, Nicolas M., Landgraf, Boris, Riekerink, Mark Olde, Haneveld, Jeroen, Start, Ronald, van Baren, Coen, Della Monica Ferreira, Desiree, Massahi, Sonny, Svendsen, Sara, Christensen, Finn, Krumrey, Michael, Skroblin, Dieter, Burwitz, Vadim, Pareschi, Giovanni, Tagliaferri, Gianpiero, Salmaso, Bianca, Basso, Stefano, Moretti, Alberto, Spiga, Daniele, Valsecchi, Giuseppe, Vernani, Dervis, Lupton, Paul, Mundon, William, Phillips, Gavin, Schneider, Jakob, Korhonen, Tapio, Sanchez, Alejandro, Heinis, Dominique, Colldelram, Carles, Tordi, Massimiliano, and Willingale, Richard

Abstract

The ATHENA (Advanced Telescope for High ENergy Astrophysics) mission is the current 2nd 'Large' mission (L2) in the ESA Cosmic Vision programme currently. It is currently at Phase B1 but the mission concept will now enter a reformulation phase that will follow a design-to-cost approach. This paper describes the main technologies behind its reference X-ray telescope based on the modular Silicon Pore Optics (SPO) technology. The large X-ray mirror is the mission enabler being specifically developed for ATHENA, in a joint effort by industry, research institutions and ESA. All aspects of the optics are being addressed, from the mirror plates and their coatings to the mirror modules and their assembly into the ATHENA telescope, as well as the facilities required to build and test the flight optics, demonstrating performance, robustness, and programmatic compliance. An overview of the status of the design and demonstration of the telescope is given. The risks that have successfully been mitigated are made explicit and the remaining risks are identified.

Published
2023

15. NewATHENA optics technology

Author

Pareschi, Giovanni, Spiga, Daniele, O'Dell, Stephen L., Gaskin, Jessica A., Bavdaz, Marcos, Wille, Eric, Ayre, Mark, Ferreira, Ivo, Shortt, Brian, Fransen, Sebastiaan, Collon, Maximilien J., Vacanti, Giuseppe, Barrière, Nicolas M., Landgraf, Boris, Girou, David, Olde Riekering, Mark, Haneveld, Jeroen, Start, Ronald, Schurink, Bart, van Baren, Coen, Monica Ferreira, Desiree Della, Massahi, Sonny, Svendsen, Sara, Christensen, Finn, Krumrey, Michael, Skroblin, Dieter, Burwitz, Vadim, Salmaso, Bianca, Moretti, Alberto, Basso, Stefano, Valsecchi, Giuseppe, Vernani, Dervis, Lupton, Paul, Mundon, William, Dunnell, Ethan, Riede, Mirko, Korhonen, Tapio, Pasanen, Mikko, Sanchez, Alejandro, Heinis, Dominique, Colldelram, Carles, Tordi, Massimiliano, Niewrzella, Norman, Willingale, Richard, Pareschi, Giovanni, Spiga, Daniele, O'Dell, Stephen L., Gaskin, Jessica A., Bavdaz, Marcos, Wille, Eric, Ayre, Mark, Ferreira, Ivo, Shortt, Brian, Fransen, Sebastiaan, Collon, Maximilien J., Vacanti, Giuseppe, Barrière, Nicolas M., Landgraf, Boris, Girou, David, Olde Riekering, Mark, Haneveld, Jeroen, Start, Ronald, Schurink, Bart, van Baren, Coen, Monica Ferreira, Desiree Della, Massahi, Sonny, Svendsen, Sara, Christensen, Finn, Krumrey, Michael, Skroblin, Dieter, Burwitz, Vadim, Salmaso, Bianca, Moretti, Alberto, Basso, Stefano, Valsecchi, Giuseppe, Vernani, Dervis, Lupton, Paul, Mundon, William, Dunnell, Ethan, Riede, Mirko, Korhonen, Tapio, Pasanen, Mikko, Sanchez, Alejandro, Heinis, Dominique, Colldelram, Carles, Tordi, Massimiliano, Niewrzella, Norman, and Willingale, Richard

Abstract

The re-formulation phase of the next generation x-ray observatory ATHENA (Advanced Telescope for High ENergy Astrophysics) – now NewATHENA - is being utilized for further improvements of the optics technology. The Silicon Pore Optics (SPO) remains the technology of choice, since it uniquely combines a low mass, large effective area, and good angular resolution, addressing the challenge of the NewATHENA X-ray optics. The performance and preparation for the cost-effective implementation of the flight optics is being further evolved in a joint effort by industry, research institutions and ESA. The SPO technology greatly benefits from investments in the semiconductor industry and maximizes technology spin-in. Dedicated facilities have been and are being created to produce the required mirror plates, assemble them into stacks and mirror modules, integrate them into the complete telescope and measure the performance and compatibility with the NewATHENA technical and programmatic requirements. An overview of the activities preparing the implementation of the NewATHENA optics is provided.

Published
2023

17. Design, development and testing of flight software for EIRSAT-1: a university-class CubeSat enabling astronomical research

Author

Doyle, Maeve, primary, Gloster, Andrew, additional, Griffin, Meadhbh, additional, Hibbett, Mike, additional, Kyle, Jack, additional, O’Toole, Conor, additional, Mangan, Joseph, additional, Murphy, David, additional, Wong, Nicholas L., additional, Akarapu, Sai Krishna Reddy, additional, Dunwoody, Rachel, additional, Erkal, Jessica, additional, Finneran, Gabriel, additional, Reilly, Jack, additional, Salmon, Lána, additional, Thompson, Joseph, additional, Walsh, Sarah, additional, Shortt, Brian, additional, Martin-Carrillo, Antonio, additional, McBreen, Sheila, additional, McKeown, David, additional, O’Connor, William, additional, Uliyanov, Alexey, additional, Wall, Ronan, additional, and Hanlon, Lorraine, additional

Published
2023
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18. Flight photon counting electron multiplying charge coupled device development for the Roman Space Telescope coronagraph instrument

Author

Morrissey, Patrick, primary, Harding, Leon, additional, Bush, Nathan, additional, Bottom, Michael, additional, Nemati, Bijan, additional, Daniel, Andrew, additional, Jun, Bongim, additional, Martinez, Luz Maria Sierra, additional, Desai, Niyati, additional, Barry, Dave, additional, Davis, Rhonda-Topaz, additional, Demers, Richard, additional, Hall, David, additional, Holland, Andrew, additional, Turner, Pete, additional, and Shortt, Brian, additional

Published
2023
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19. Performance analysis of embedded firmware for the detection of gamma-ray bursts on a 2U CubeSat

Author

Mangan, Joseph, primary, Murphy, David, additional, Dunwoody, Rachel, additional, Doyle, Maeve, additional, Uliyanov, Alexey, additional, Hibbett, Mike, additional, Reddy Akarapu, Sai Krishna, additional, Erkal, Jessica, additional, Finneran, Gabriel, additional, Marshall, Fergal, additional, Reilly, Jack, additional, Salmon, Lána, additional, Somers, Eoghan, additional, Thompson, Joseph, additional, Walsh, Sarah, additional, Hanlon, Lorraine, additional, McKeown, David, additional, O'Connor, William, additional, Shortt, Brian, additional, Wall, Ronan, additional, and McBreen, Sheila, additional

Published
2022
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20. Dopamine dip-liquid overcoatings for soft x-ray reflectivity enhancement

Author

Cotroneo, Vincenzo, primary, Rivolta, Giacomo, additional, Bavdaz, Marcos, additional, Bruni, Ricardo, additional, Civitani, Marta M., additional, Döhring, Thorsten, additional, Ferreira, Ivo, additional, Gibertini, Eugenio, additional, Giglia, Angelo, additional, Gollwitzer, Christian, additional, Iovenitti, Simone, additional, Krumney, Michael, additional, Magagnin, Luca, additional, Mahne, Nicola, additional, Nannarone, Stefano, additional, Pareschi, Giovanni, additional, Romaine, Suzanne, additional, Sethares, Leandra, additional, Shortt, Brian, additional, Skroblin, Dieter, additional, Sironi, Giorgia, additional, Spiga, Daniele, additional, Tagliaferri, Gianpiero, additional, and Valsecchi, Giuseppe, additional

Published
2022
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21. Coating process parameter influence on thin films for the ATHENA x-ray optics

Author

Massahi, Sonny, primary, Ferreira, Desiree D. M., additional, Christensen, Finn, additional, Svendsen, Sara, additional, Gellert, Nis C., additional, 'S Jegers, Arne, additional, Collon, Maximilien J., additional, Landgraf, Boris, additional, Thete, Aniket, additional, Ferreira, Ivo, additional, Bavdaz, Marcos, additional, Shortt, Brian, additional, Schönberger, Waldemar, additional, Langer, Axel, additional, Krumrey, Michael, additional, Gollwitzer, Christian, additional, and Handick, Evelyn, additional

Published
2022
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22. ATHENA optics technology development

Author

Bavdaz, Marcos, primary, Wille, Eric, additional, Ayre, Mark R., additional, Ferreira, Ivo, additional, Shortt, Brian, additional, Fransen, Sebastiaan, additional, Millinger, Mark, additional, Collon, Maximilien J., additional, Vacanti, Giuseppe, additional, Barrière, Nicolas M., additional, Landgraf, Boris, additional, Olde Riekerink, Mark, additional, Haneveld, Jeroen, additional, Start, Ronald, additional, van Baren, Coen, additional, Della Monica Ferreira, Desiree, additional, Massahi, Sonny, additional, Svendsen, Sara, additional, Christensen, Finn E., additional, Krumrey, Michael, additional, Handick, Evelyn, additional, Burwitz, Vadim, additional, Pareschi, Giovanni, additional, Salmaso, Bianca, additional, Moretti, Alberto, additional, Spiga, Daniele, additional, Valsecchi, Giuseppe, additional, Vernani, Dervis, additional, Lupton, Paul, additional, Mundon, William, additional, Phillips, Gavin, additional, Schneider, Jakob, additional, Korhonen, Tapio, additional, Sanchez, Alejandro, additional, Heinis, Dominique, additional, Colldelram, Carles, additional, Tordi, Massimiliano, additional, De Lorenzi, Simone, additional, and Willingale, Richard, additional

Published
2022
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23. Characterisation of iridium and low-density bilayer coatings for the Athena optics

Author

Svendsen, Sara, primary, Massahi, Sonny, additional, Ferreira, Desiree D. M., additional, Gellert, Nis C., additional, 'S Jegers, Arne, additional, Christensen, Finn E., additional, Thete, Aniket, additional, Landgraf, Boris, additional, Collon, Maximilien J., additional, Handick, Evelyn, additional, Skroblin, Dieter, additional, Cibik, Levent, additional, Gollwitzer, Christian, additional, Krumrey, Michael, additional, Ferreira, Ivo, additional, Shortt, Brian, additional, and Bavdaz, Marcos, additional

Published
2022
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25. Characterization of the response to spot illumination of the PLATO CCD

Author

Verhoeve, Peter, primary, Blommaert, Sander, additional, Breeveld, Dennis, additional, ter Haar, Joerg, additional, lemmel, Frederic, additional, Levillain, Yves, additional, van der Luijt, Cornelis, additional, Prod'homme, Thibaut, additional, Smit, Hans, additional, Shortt, Brian, additional, and Visser, Ivo, additional

Published
2022
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26. Proton induced damage after laboratory cold irradiation in CCD47-20 CCDs for CHEOPS

Author

Verhoeve, Peter, primary, Blommaert, Sander, additional, Breeveld, Dennis, additional, ter Haar, Joerg, additional, Isaak, Kate, additional, Lemmel, Frederic, additional, van der Luijt, Cornelis, additional, Prod'homme, Thibaut, additional, Smit, Hans, additional, Shortt, Brian, additional, Visser, Ivo, additional, Simon, Attila, additional, Fortier, Andrea, additional, and Broeg, Christopher, additional

Published
2022
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27. ESA’s science next generation detector characterization bench

Author

Prod'homme, Thibaut, primary, Blommaert, Sander, additional, Meoli, Alessandro, additional, Visser, Ivo, additional, Lemmel, Frederic, additional, Shortt, Brian, additional, Etchells, James, additional, Robinson, Conor, additional, Milassin, Gabor, additional, Breeveld, Dennis, additional, Ter Haar, Joerg, additional, and Verhoeve, Peter, additional

Published
2022
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28. Design, development, and testing of flight software for EIRSAT-1: a university-class CubeSat enabling astronomical research

Author

Doyle, Maeve, primary, Gloster, Andrew, additional, Griffin, Meadhbh, additional, Hibbett, Mike, additional, Kyle, Jack, additional, O'Toole, Conor, additional, Mangan, Joseph, additional, Murphy, David, additional, Wong, Nicholas L., additional, Akarapu, Sai Krishna Reddy, additional, Dunwoody, Rachel, additional, Erkal, Jessica, additional, Finneran, Gabriel, additional, Reilly, Jack, additional, Salmon, Lána, additional, Thompson, Joseph, additional, Walsh, Sarah, additional, Shortt, Brian, additional, Martin-Carrillo, Antonio, additional, McBreen, Sheila, additional, McKeown, David, additional, O'Connor, William, additional, Ulyanov, Alexei, additional, Wall, Ronan, additional, and Hanlon, Lorraine, additional

Published
2022
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29. Experiences in firmware development for a CubeSat instrument payload

Author

Mangan, Joseph, Murphy, David, Dunwoody, Rachel, Doyle, Maeve, Ulyanov, Alexey, Hibbett, Mike, Akarapu, Sai Krishna Reddy, Erkal, Jessica, Finneran, Gabriel, Marshall, Fergal, Reilly, Jack, Salmon, Lána, Somers, Eoghan, Thompson, Joseph, Walsh, Sarah, Hanlon, Lorraine, McKeown, David, O'Connor, William, Shortt, Brian, Wall, Ronan, McBreen, Sheila, Mangan, Joseph, Murphy, David, Dunwoody, Rachel, Doyle, Maeve, Ulyanov, Alexey, Hibbett, Mike, Akarapu, Sai Krishna Reddy, Erkal, Jessica, Finneran, Gabriel, Marshall, Fergal, Reilly, Jack, Salmon, Lána, Somers, Eoghan, Thompson, Joseph, Walsh, Sarah, Hanlon, Lorraine, McKeown, David, O'Connor, William, Shortt, Brian, Wall, Ronan, and McBreen, Sheila

Abstract

Recent advancements in gamma-ray detector technology have brought new opportunities to study gamma-ray bursts and other high-energy phenomena. However, there is a lack of dissemination on the development methods, tools and techniques used in the production of instrument flight firmware. This is understandable as firmware for spacecraft payloads may be proprietary or exceptionally hardware specific and so is not always published. However, this leaves a gap in the knowledge for CubeSat teams, especially those consisting of university students who may be building a custom spacecraft payload with limited initial experience. The Gamma-Ray Module (GMOD) on-board EIRSAT-1, a 2U CubeSat in the 2nd European Space Agency Fly Your Satellite! programme, is one such instrument. GMOD features a 25x25x40mm Scionix CeBr3 scintillator, coupled to an array of 16 (4x4) JSeries OnSemiconductor MicroFJ-60035-TSV silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) with readout provided by the SIPHRA IDE3380 application specific integrated circuit. The instrument is supported by the Gamma-Ray Module motherboard which controls and configures the instrument, providing regulated voltage and current sources as well as generating time tagged event packets and a temporary on-board flash storage. At the core of this system is the Texas Instruments MSP430FR5994 microcontroller. A custom firmware was produced for the instrument by the EIRSAT-1 team over numerous cycles of testing and development to reliably perform the long duration tasks of readout, storage and transfer of time tagged event data to the EIRSAT-1 on-board computer. Recognising the value of sharing our experiences and pitfalls on firmware development with the wider CubeSat community, this paper will provide an introduction to GMOD, with focus primarily on the development approach of the firmware. The development, testing, version control, essential tools and an overview of how the resources provided by the device manufacturer were used will be examine

Published
2022

30. ATHENA optics technology development

Author

den Herder, Jan-Willem A., Nikzad, Shouleh, Nakazawa, Kazuhiro, Bavdaz, Marcos, Wille, Eric, Ayre, Mark, Ferreira, Ivo, Shortt, Brian, Fransen, Sebastiaan, Millinger, Mark, Collon, Maximilien J., Vacanti, Giuseppe, Barrière, Nicolas M., Landgraf, Boris, Olde Riekerink, Mark, Haneveld, Jeroen, Start, Ronald, Van Baren, Coen, Della Monica Ferreira, Desiree, Massahi, Sonny, Svendsen, Sara, Christensen, Finn, Krumrey, Michael, Handick, Evelyn, Burwitz, Vadim, Pareschi, Giovanni, Salmaso, Bianca, Moretti, Alberto, Spiga, Daniele, Valsecchi, Giuseppe, Vernani, Dervis, Lupton, Paul, Mundon, William, Phillips, Gavin, Schneider, Jakob, Korhonen, Tapio, Sanchez, Alejandro, Heinis, Dominique, Colldelram, Carles, Tordi, Massimiliano, De Lorenzi, Simone, Willingale, Richard, den Herder, Jan-Willem A., Nikzad, Shouleh, Nakazawa, Kazuhiro, Bavdaz, Marcos, Wille, Eric, Ayre, Mark, Ferreira, Ivo, Shortt, Brian, Fransen, Sebastiaan, Millinger, Mark, Collon, Maximilien J., Vacanti, Giuseppe, Barrière, Nicolas M., Landgraf, Boris, Olde Riekerink, Mark, Haneveld, Jeroen, Start, Ronald, Van Baren, Coen, Della Monica Ferreira, Desiree, Massahi, Sonny, Svendsen, Sara, Christensen, Finn, Krumrey, Michael, Handick, Evelyn, Burwitz, Vadim, Pareschi, Giovanni, Salmaso, Bianca, Moretti, Alberto, Spiga, Daniele, Valsecchi, Giuseppe, Vernani, Dervis, Lupton, Paul, Mundon, William, Phillips, Gavin, Schneider, Jakob, Korhonen, Tapio, Sanchez, Alejandro, Heinis, Dominique, Colldelram, Carles, Tordi, Massimiliano, De Lorenzi, Simone, and Willingale, Richard

Abstract

The next generation x-ray observatory ATHENA (advanced telescope for high energy astrophysics) requires an optics with unprecedented performance. It is the combination of low mass, large effective area and good angular resolution that is the challenge of the x-ray optics of such a mission. ATHENA is the second large class mission in the science programme of ESA, and is currently in a reformulation process, following a design-to-cost approach to meet the cost limit of an ESA L-class mission. The silicon pore optics (SPO) is the mission enabler being specifically developed for ATHENA, in a joint effort by industry, research institutions and ESA. All aspects of the optics are being addressed, from the mirror plates and their coatings, over the mirror modules and their assembly into the ATHENA telescope, to the facilities required to build and test the flight optics, demonstrating performance, robustness, and programmatic compliance. The SPO technology is currently being matured to the level required for the adoption of the ATHENA mission, i.e., the start of the mission implementation phase. The monocrystalline silicon material and pore structure of the SPO provide these optics with excellent thermal and mechanical properties. Benefiting from technology spin-in from the semiconductor industry, the equipment, processes, and materials used to produce the SPO are highly sophisticated and optimised.

Published
2022

31. Experiences in firmware development for a CubeSat instrument payload

Author

Mangan, Joseph, primary, Murphy, David, additional, Dunwoody, Rachel, additional, Doyle, Maeve, additional, Ulyanov, Alexey, additional, Hibbett, Mike, additional, Akarapu, Sai Krishna Reddy, additional, Erkal, Jessica, additional, Finneran, Gabriel, additional, Marshall, Fergal, additional, Reilly, Jack, additional, Salmon, Lána, additional, Somers, Eoghan, additional, Thompson, Joseph, additional, Walsh, Sarah, additional, Hanlon, Lorraine, additional, McKeown, David, additional, O'Connor, William, additional, Shortt, Brian, additional, Wall, Ronan, additional, and McBreen, Sheila, additional

Published
2022
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32. A compact instrument for gamma-ray burst detection on a CubeSat platform II

Author

Murphy, David, primary, Ulyanov, Alexey, additional, McBreen, Sheila, additional, Mangan, Joseph, additional, Dunwoody, Rachel, additional, Doyle, Maeve, additional, O’Toole, Conor, additional, Thompson, Joseph, additional, Reilly, Jack, additional, Walsh, Sarah, additional, Shortt, Brian, additional, Martin-Carrillo, Antonio, additional, and Hanlon, Lorraine, additional

Published
2022
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33. Mission Test Campaign for the EIRSAT-1 Engineering Qualification Model

Author

Doyle, Maeve, primary, Dunwoody, Rachel, additional, Finneran, Gabriel, additional, Murphy, David, additional, Reilly, Jack, additional, Thompson, Joseph, additional, Reddy Akarapu, Sai Krishna, additional, Mangan, Joseph, additional, Walsh, Sarah, additional, Erkal, Jessica, additional, Marshall, Fergal, additional, Salmon, Lána, additional, Somers, Eoghan, additional, Ha, Lily, additional, Palma, David, additional, Martin-Carrillo, Antonio, additional, McBreen, Sheila, additional, McKeown, David, additional, O’Connor, William, additional, Shortt, Brian, additional, Uliyanov, Alexey, additional, Wall, Ronan, additional, and Hanlon, Lorraine, additional

Published
2022
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34. Thermal Vacuum Test Campaign of the EIRSAT-1 Engineering Qualification Model

Author

Dunwoody, Rachel, primary, Reilly, Jack, additional, Murphy, David, additional, Doyle, Maeve, additional, Thompson, Joseph, additional, Finneran, Gabriel, additional, Salmon, Lána, additional, O'Toole, Conor, additional, Reddy Akarapu, Sai Krishna Reddy, additional, Erkal, Jessica, additional, Mangan, Joseph, additional, Marshall, Fergal, additional, Somers, Eoghan, additional, Walsh, Sarah, additional, de Faoite, Daithí de, additional, Hibbett, Mike, additional, Palma, David, additional, Franchi, Loris, additional, Ha, Lily, additional, Hanlon, Lorraine, additional, McKeown, David, additional, O'Connor, William, additional, Uliyanov, Alexey, additional, Wall, Ronan, additional, Shortt, Brian, additional, and McBreen, Sheila, additional

Published
2022
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36. SPO mirror plate production and coating

Author

Landgraf, Boris, primary, Babic, Ljubiša, additional, Barrière, Nicolas M., additional, Bayerle, Alex, additional, Castiglione, Luigi, additional, Collon, Maximilien J., additional, Eenkhoorn, Noë, additional, Girou, David, additional, Günther, Ramses, additional, Hauser, Enrico, additional, Jenkins, Yvette, additional, Keek, Laurens, additional, Okma, Ben, additional, Serano, Gregorio M., additional, Thete, Aniket, additional, Vacanti, Giuseppe, additional, Verhoeckx, Sjoerd, additional, Vervest, Mark, additional, Voruz, Luc, additional, Beijersbergen, Marco W., additional, Bavdaz, Marcos, additional, Wille, Eric, additional, Ferreira, Ivo, additional, Fransen, Sebastiaan, additional, Shortt, Brian, additional, Riekerink, Mark O., additional, Haneveld, Jeroen, additional, Koelewijn, Arenda, additional, Wijnperlé, Maurice, additional, Lankwarden, Jan-Joost, additional, Schurink, Bart, additional, Start, Ronald, additional, van Baren, Coen, additional, Hieltjes, Paul, additional, den Herder, Jan-Willem, additional, Handick, Evelyn, additional, Krumrey, Michael, additional, Bradshaw, Miranda, additional, Burwitz, Vadim, additional, Massahi, Sonny, additional, Svendsen, Sara, additional, Ferreira, Desiree D. M., additional, Christensen, Finn E., additional, Valsecchi, Giuseppe, additional, Kailla, Geeta, additional, Phillips, Gavin, additional, Mundon, William, additional, Chequer, Ian, additional, and Ball, Kevin, additional

Published
2021
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37. Silicon pore optics x-ray mirror development for the Athena telescope

Author

Collon, Maximilien J., primary, Babic, Ljubiša, additional, Barrière, Nicolas M., additional, Bayerle, Alex, additional, Castiglione, Luigi, additional, Eenkhoorn, Noë, additional, Girou, David, additional, Günther, Ramses, additional, Hauser, Enrico, additional, Jenkins, Yvette, additional, Landgraf, Boris, additional, Keek, Laurens, additional, Okma, Ben, additional, Mendoza Serrano, Gregorio, additional, Thete, Aniket, additional, Vacanti, Giuseppe, additional, Verhoeckx, Sjoerd, additional, Vervest, Mark, additional, Voruz, Luc, additional, Beijersbergen, Marco W., additional, Bavdaz, Marcos, additional, Wille, Eric, additional, Ferreira, Ivo, additional, Fransen, Sebastiaan, additional, Shortt, Brian, additional, Riekerink, Mark O., additional, Haneveld, Jeroen, additional, Koelewijn, Arenda, additional, Wijnperlé, Maurice, additional, Lankwarden, Jan-Joost, additional, Schurink, Bart, additional, Start, Ronald, additional, van Baren, Coen, additional, Hieltjes, Paul, additional, den Herder, Jan-Willem, additional, Handick, Evelyn, additional, Krumrey, Michael, additional, Bradshaw, Miranda, additional, Burwitz, Vadim, additional, Massahi, Sonny, additional, Svendsen, Sara, additional, Ferreira, Desiree D. M., additional, Christensen, Finn E., additional, Valsecchi, Giuseppe, additional, Kailla, Geeta, additional, Mundon, William, additional, Philips, Gavin, additional, and Ball, Kevin, additional

Published
2021
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38. Effect of mirror curvature on the angular resolution of silicon pore optics

Author

Jegers, Arne S., primary, Ferreira, Desiree D. M., additional, Bergbäck Knudsen, Erik, additional, Massahi, Sonny, additional, Svendsen, Sara, additional, Henriksen, Peter L., additional, Gellert, Nis C., additional, Sironi, Giorgia, additional, Spiga, Daniele, additional, Ferreira, Ivo, additional, Shortt, Brian, additional, and Bavdaz, Marcos, additional

Published
2021
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39. ATHENA x-ray optics development and accommodation

Author

Bavdaz, Marcos, primary, Wille, Eric, additional, Ayre, Mark, additional, Ferreira, Ivo, additional, Shortt, Brian, additional, Fransen, Sebastiaan, additional, Millinger, Mark, additional, Collon, Maximilien J., additional, Vacanti, Giuseppe, additional, Barrière, Nicolas M., additional, Landgraf, Boris, additional, Riekerink, Mark O., additional, Haneveld, Jeroen, additional, Start, Ronald, additional, van Baren, Coen, additional, Ferreira, Desiree D. M., additional, Massahi, Sonny, additional, Svendsen, Sara, additional, Christensen, Finn E., additional, Krumrey, Michael, additional, Handick, Evelyn, additional, Burwitz, Vadim, additional, Bradshaw, Miranda, additional, Pareschi, Giovanni, additional, Valsecchi, Giuseppe, additional, Vernani, Dervis, additional, Kailla, Geeta, additional, Mundon, William, additional, Phillips, Gavin, additional, Schneider, Jakob, additional, Korhonen, Tapio, additional, Sanchez, Alejandro, additional, Heinis, Dominique, additional, Colldelram, Carles, additional, Torti, Massimiliano, additional, and Willingale, Richard, additional

Published
2021
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40. Compatibility of iridium thin films with the silicon pore optics technology for Athena

Author

Svendsen, Sara, primary, Ferreira, Desiree D. M., additional, Massahi, Sonny, additional, Henriksen, Peter L., additional, Gellert, Nis C., additional, Jegers, Arne S., additional, Christensen, Finn E., additional, Landgraf, Boris, additional, Thete, Aniket, additional, Collon, Maximilien J., additional, Ferreira, Ivo, additional, Shortt, Brian, additional, and Bavdaz, Marcos, additional

Published
2021
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41. Impact of annealing on performance of X-ray mirror coatings for Athena

Author

Henriksen, Peter L., primary, Ferreira, Desiree D. M., additional, Massahi, Sonny, additional, Svendsen, Sara, additional, Gellert, Nis C., additional, Christensen, Finn E., additional, Jegers, Arne S., additional, Landgraf, Boris, additional, Thete, Aniket, additional, Collon, Maximilien J., additional, Handick, Evelyn, additional, Cibik, Levent, additional, Krumrey, Michael, additional, Gollwitzer, Christian, additional, Ferreira, Ivo, additional, Shortt, Brian, additional, and Bavdaz, Marcos, additional

Published
2021
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42. The effect of deposition process parameters on thin film coatings for the Athena X-ray optics

Author

Massahi, Sonny, primary, Ferreira, Desiree D. M., additional, Christensen, Finn E., additional, Gellert, Nis C., additional, Svendsen, Sara, additional, Henriksen, Peter L., additional, Jegers, Arne S., additional, Collon, Maximilien J., additional, Landgraf, Boris, additional, Girou, David, additional, Thete, Aniket, additional, Shortt, Brian, additional, Ferreira, Ivo, additional, Bavdaz, Marcos, additional, Schönberger, Waldemar, additional, and Langer, Axel, additional

Published
2021
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45. Measuring the atomic scattering factors near the iridium L-edges for the Athena silicon pore optics reflector

Author

Awaki, Hisamitsu, Maeda, Yoshitomo, Matsumoto, Hironori, Svendsen, Sara, Bavdaz, Marcos, Collon, Maximilien, Asakura, Kazunori, Christensen, Finn E., Ferreira, Desiree D.M., Guainazzi, Matteo, Hoshino, Masato, Ide, Shuntaro, Ishibashi, Kazunori, Kan, Wansu, Massahi, Sonny, Miyazawa, Takuya, Shimizu, Sadayuki, Shortt, Brian, Takehara, Yusuke, Tamura, Keisuke, Uesugi, Kentaro, Willingale, Richard, Yoneyama, Tomokage, Yoshida, Atsushi, Awaki, Hisamitsu, Maeda, Yoshitomo, Matsumoto, Hironori, Svendsen, Sara, Bavdaz, Marcos, Collon, Maximilien, Asakura, Kazunori, Christensen, Finn E., Ferreira, Desiree D.M., Guainazzi, Matteo, Hoshino, Masato, Ide, Shuntaro, Ishibashi, Kazunori, Kan, Wansu, Massahi, Sonny, Miyazawa, Takuya, Shimizu, Sadayuki, Shortt, Brian, Takehara, Yusuke, Tamura, Keisuke, Uesugi, Kentaro, Willingale, Richard, Yoneyama, Tomokage, and Yoshida, Atsushi

Abstract

Athena, a future high-energy mission, is expected to consist of a large aperture x-ray mirror with a focal length of 12 m. The mirror surface is to be coated with iridium and a low Z overcoat. To define the effective area of the x-ray telescope, the atomic scattering factors of iridium with an energy resolution less than that (2.5 eV) of the x-ray integral field unit are needed. We measured the reflectance of the silicon pore optics mirror plate coated with iridium in the energy range of 9 to 15 keV and that near the iridium L-edges in steps of 10 and 1.5 eV, respectively, at the synchrotron beamline SPring-8. The L3, L2, and L1 edges were clearly detected around 11,215, 12,824, and 13,428 eV, respectively. The measured scattering factors were 1/43 % smaller than the corresponding values reported by Henke et al., likely due to the presence of an overlayer on the iridium coating, and were consistent with those measured by Graessle et al. The angular dependence of the reflectivity measured indicates that the iridium surface was extremely smooth, with a surface roughness of 0.3 nm.

Published
2021

46. Effect of mirror curvature on the angular resolution of silicon pore optics

Author

O'Dell, Stephen L., Gaskin, Jessica A., Pareschi, Giovanni, Jegers, Arne S., Ferreira, Desiree Della Monica, Bergbäck Knudsen, Erik, Massahi, Sonny, Svendsen, Sara, Lindquist Henriksen, Peter, Gellert, Nis Christian, Sironi, Giorgia, Spiga, Daniele, Ferreira, Ivo, Shortt, Brian, Bavdaz, Marcos, O'Dell, Stephen L., Gaskin, Jessica A., Pareschi, Giovanni, Jegers, Arne S., Ferreira, Desiree Della Monica, Bergbäck Knudsen, Erik, Massahi, Sonny, Svendsen, Sara, Lindquist Henriksen, Peter, Gellert, Nis Christian, Sironi, Giorgia, Spiga, Daniele, Ferreira, Ivo, Shortt, Brian, and Bavdaz, Marcos

Abstract

Silicon Pore Optics are a novel technology for focusing high-energy photons, where pairs of mirror plates stacked into mirror modules. This paper presents a study of the angular resolution of SPO mirror assemblies, using a selection of sagittal mirror curvatures. Results were achieved by ray-tracing the different configurations of the mirror with the ray tracing software SPORT, or Silicon Pore Optics Ray Tracer, using an observation of the Crab Nebula originally obtained by Chandra. It is found that a true Wolter geometry most closely reproduces the original image, while geometries with a conic approximation on either their primary or secondary mirrors create the most diffuse image. A geometry with conic approximations on both primary and secondary mirrors falls in between the two extremes.

Published
2021

47. The Athena x-ray optics development and accommodation

Author

O'Dell, Stephen L., Gaskin, Jessica A., Pareschi, Giovanni, Bavdaz, Marcos, Wille, Eric, Ayre, Mark, Ferreira, Ivo, Shortt, Brian, Fransen, Sebastiaan, Millinger, Mark, Collon, Maximilien J., Vacanti, Giuseppe, Barrière, Nicolas M., Landgraf, Boris, Riekerink, Mark Olde, Haneveld, Jeroen, Start, Ronald, van Baren, Coen, Monica Ferreira, Desiree Della, Massahi, Sonny, Svendsen, Sara, Christensen, Finn, Krumrey, Michael, Handick, Evelyn, Burwitz, Vadim, Bradshaw, Miranda, Valsecchi, Giuseppe, Vernani, Dervis, Kailla, Geeta, Mundon, William, Phillips, Gavin, Schneider, Jakob, Korhonen, Tapio, Sanchez, Alejandro, Heinis, Dominique, Tordi, Massimiliano, Willingale, Richard, O'Dell, Stephen L., Gaskin, Jessica A., Pareschi, Giovanni, Bavdaz, Marcos, Wille, Eric, Ayre, Mark, Ferreira, Ivo, Shortt, Brian, Fransen, Sebastiaan, Millinger, Mark, Collon, Maximilien J., Vacanti, Giuseppe, Barrière, Nicolas M., Landgraf, Boris, Riekerink, Mark Olde, Haneveld, Jeroen, Start, Ronald, van Baren, Coen, Monica Ferreira, Desiree Della, Massahi, Sonny, Svendsen, Sara, Christensen, Finn, Krumrey, Michael, Handick, Evelyn, Burwitz, Vadim, Bradshaw, Miranda, Valsecchi, Giuseppe, Vernani, Dervis, Kailla, Geeta, Mundon, William, Phillips, Gavin, Schneider, Jakob, Korhonen, Tapio, Sanchez, Alejandro, Heinis, Dominique, Tordi, Massimiliano, and Willingale, Richard

Abstract

The ATHENA mission, under study and preparation by ESA as its second Large-class science mission, requires the largest X-ray optics ever flown, building on a novel optics technology based on mono crystalline silicon. Referred to as Silicon Pore Optics technology (SPO), the optics is highly modular and benefits from technology spin-in from the semiconductor industry. The telescope aperture of about 2.5 meters is populated by 600 mirror modules, accurately co -aligned to produce a common focus. The development of the SPO technology is a joint effort by European industrial and research entities, working together to address the challenges to demonstrate the imaging performance, robustness and efficient series production of the ATHENA optics. A technology development plan was established and is being regularly updated to reflect the latest developments, and is fully funded by the ESA technology development programmes. An industrial consortium was formed to ensure coherence of the individual technology development activities. The SPO technology uses precision machined mirror plates produced using thelatest generation top quality 12 inch silicon wafers, which are assembled into rugged stacks. The surfaces of the mirror plates and the integral support structure is such, that no glue is required to join the individual mirror plates. Once accurately aligned with respect to each other, the surfaces of the mirror plates merge in a physical bonding process. The resultant SPO mirror modules are therefore very accurate and stable and can sustain the harsh conditions encountered during launch and are able to tolerate the space environment expected during operations. The accommodation of the ATHENA telescope is also innovative, relying on a hexapod mechanismto align the optics to the selected detector instruments located in the focal plane. Systemstudies are complemented by dedicated technology development activities to demonstrate the capabilities before the adoption of the ATHE

Published
2021

48. SPO mirror plate production and coating

Author

O'Dell, Stephen L., Gaskin, Jessica A., Pareschi, Giovanni, Landgraf, Boris, Babić, Ljubiša, Barrière, Nicolas M., Bayerle, Alex, Castiglione, Luigi, Collon, Maximilien J., Eenkhoorn, Noë, Girou, David, Günther, Ramses, Hauser, Enrico, Jenkins, Yvette, Keek, Laurens, Okma, Ben, Serano, Gregorio M., Thete, Aniket, Vacanti, Giuseppe, Verhoeckx, Sjoerd, Vervest, Mark, Voruz, Luc, Beijersbergen, Marco W., Bavdaz, Marcos, Wille, Eric, Ferreira, Ivo, Fransen, Sebastiaan, Shortt, Brian, Riekerink, Mark O., Haneveld, Jeroen, Koelewijn, Arenda, Wijnperlé, Maurice, Lankwarden, Jan Joost, Schurink, Bart, Start, Ronald, Van Baren, Coen, Hieltjes, Paul, Den Herder, Jan Willem, Handick, Evelyn, Krumrey, Michael, Bradshaw, Miranda, Burwitz, Vadim, Massahi, Sonny, Svendsen, Sara, Ferreira, Desirée Della Monica, Christensen, Finn E., Valsecchi, Giuseppe, Kailla, Geeta, Phillips, Gavin, Mundon, William, Chequer, Ian, Ball, Kevin, O'Dell, Stephen L., Gaskin, Jessica A., Pareschi, Giovanni, Landgraf, Boris, Babić, Ljubiša, Barrière, Nicolas M., Bayerle, Alex, Castiglione, Luigi, Collon, Maximilien J., Eenkhoorn, Noë, Girou, David, Günther, Ramses, Hauser, Enrico, Jenkins, Yvette, Keek, Laurens, Okma, Ben, Serano, Gregorio M., Thete, Aniket, Vacanti, Giuseppe, Verhoeckx, Sjoerd, Vervest, Mark, Voruz, Luc, Beijersbergen, Marco W., Bavdaz, Marcos, Wille, Eric, Ferreira, Ivo, Fransen, Sebastiaan, Shortt, Brian, Riekerink, Mark O., Haneveld, Jeroen, Koelewijn, Arenda, Wijnperlé, Maurice, Lankwarden, Jan Joost, Schurink, Bart, Start, Ronald, Van Baren, Coen, Hieltjes, Paul, Den Herder, Jan Willem, Handick, Evelyn, Krumrey, Michael, Bradshaw, Miranda, Burwitz, Vadim, Massahi, Sonny, Svendsen, Sara, Ferreira, Desirée Della Monica, Christensen, Finn E., Valsecchi, Giuseppe, Kailla, Geeta, Phillips, Gavin, Mundon, William, Chequer, Ian, and Ball, Kevin

Abstract

The Silicon Pore Optics (SPO) technology has been established as a new type of X-ray optics and will enable future X-ray observatories such as Athena and Arcus. SPO is being developed at cosine Research B.V. together with the European Space Agency (ESA) and academic as well as industrial partners. For Athena, about 150,000 mirror plates are required. With the technology spin-in from the semiconductor industry, mass production processes can be employed to manufacture rectangular SPO mirror plates in high quality, large quantity and at low cost. Over the last years, several aspects of the SPO mirror plates have been reviewed and undergone further developments in terms of effective area, intrinsic behavior of the mirror plates and mass production capability. The paper will provide an overview of most recent SPO plate designs, mirror plate production status and plan forward including reflective coating process as well as mass production developments.

Published
2021

49. The Athena x-ray optics development and accommodation

Author

Bavdaz, Marcos, primary, Wille, Eric, additional, Ayre, Mark, additional, Ferreira, Ivo, additional, Shortt, Brian, additional, Fransen, Sebastiaan, additional, Millinger, Mark, additional, Collon, Maximilien J., additional, Vacanti, Giuseppe, additional, Barrière, M., additional, Landgraf, Boris, additional, Riekerink, Mark O., additional, Haneveld, Jeroen, additional, Start, Ronald, additional, van Baren, Coen, additional, Monica Ferreira, Desiree Della, additional, Massahi, Sonny, additional, Svendsen, Sara, additional, Christensen, Finn, additional, Krumrey, Michael, additional, Handick, Evelyn, additional, Burwitz, Vadim, additional, Bradshaw, Miranda J., additional, Pareschi, Giovanni, additional, Valsecchi, Giuseppe, additional, Vernani, Dervis, additional, Kailla, Geeta, additional, Mundon, William, additional, Phillips, Gavin, additional, Schneider, Jakob, additional, Korhonen, Tapio, additional, Sanchez, Alejandro, additional, Heinis, Dominique, additional, Tordi, Massimiliano, additional, and Willingale, Richard, additional

Published
2021
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50. X-ray mirror development and production for the Athena telescope

Author

Collon, Maximilien J., primary, Babic, Ljubiša, additional, Barrière, Nicolas M., additional, Bayerle, Alex, additional, Castiglione, Luigi, additional, Eenkhoorn, Noë, additional, Girou, David, additional, Günther, Ramses, additional, Hauser, Enrico, additional, Jenkins, Yvette, additional, Landgraf, Boris, additional, Keek, Laurens, additional, Okma, Ben, additional, Mendoza Serano, Gregorio, additional, Thete, Aniket, additional, Vacanti, Giuseppe, additional, Verhoeckx, Sjoerd, additional, Vervest, Mark, additional, Voruz, Luc, additional, Beijersbergen, Marco, additional, Bavdaz, Marcos, additional, Wille, Eric, additional, Ferreira, Ivo, additional, Fransen, Sebastiaan, additional, Shortt, Brian, additional, Riekerink, Mark Olde, additional, Haneveld, Jeroen, additional, Koelewijn, Arenda, additional, Wijnperle, Maurice, additional, Lankwarden, Jan-Joost, additional, Schurink, Bart, additional, Start, Ronald, additional, van Baren, Coen, additional, Hieltjes, Paul, additional, den Herder, Jan Willem, additional, Handick, Evelyn, additional, Krumrey, Michael, additional, Bradshaw, Miranda, additional, Burwitz, Vadim, additional, Massahi, Sonny, additional, Svendsen, Sara B., additional, Ferreira, Desiree Della Monica, additional, Christensen, Finn E., additional, Valsecchi, Giuseppe, additional, Kailla, Geeta, additional, Mundon, William, additional, Phillips, Gavin, additional, Chequer, Ian, additional, and Ball, Kevin, additional

Published
2021
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